关于化工专业学术型的论文英文版

时下染发已成为时尚。年轻人可以随心所欲改变头发的颜色，配合服饰和妆容，充分显示自己的个性；中老年人不喜欢白发就频繁地染黑。而如果对染发过程和染发产品缺乏了解，很容易会损害头发。这篇文章将带你了解染发剂如何发挥效用，揭秘染发过程。Most hair color products today have nicer smells than the tell-tale rotten-egg odor that once accompanied permanents or hair coloring. And most color can be applied easily: some to wet hair, others to dry hair, worked into a shampoo-like lather, left to process and then rinsed（冲洗） and conditioned.The down side is still that chemicals in hair coloring can be harsh and harmful to your hair if you don't know what you're doing or if you color or perm too often. How peroxide（过氧化物） and ammonia（氨） react with your hair is directly related to the level and kind of product you're using. Here are basic descriptions of the three major hair coloring product levels:? Level 1, semi-permanent color -- This product adds color without changing natural color dramatically. The hair color contains tiny color molecules that enter the hair's cuticle, or outer layer, and go into your hair's cortex（头皮）. They don't interact with your natural pigments. And since the molecules are small, they eventually exit the hair shaft（发干） after several shampoos, leaving the hair as it was before treatment. This level generally lasts for 6 to 12 shampoos, covers up to 50 percent gray, enhances your natural color and leaves no roots. This hair coloring won't lighten your hair color because it contains no ammonia or peroxide.? Level 2, demi-permanent color -- This product level lasts longer, through 24 to 26 shampoos. In this process, pre-color molecules penetrate the cuticle（表层） and enter the cortex（皮层） where they then partner to create medium-sized color molecules. Their larger size means they take longer to wash out. These products do not contain ammonia so the natural pigment can't be lightened. However, it contains a small amount of peroxide, which allows for a subtle, but noticeable, color enhancement. It also blends and covers gray. (Both semi- and demi-permanent colors can become permanent on permed or already-colored hair!)? Level 3, permanent color -- This is what you need for a more significant color change (to go from black to blond, you'll still need to go with a process called double process blonding and it'd be wise to get this it done professionally). In this level, both ammonia and peroxide are used. Tiny molecules enter all the way into the cortex, where they react and expand to a size that cannot be washed out. Your hair actually has to grow out over time. This product acts to lighten the hair's natural pigment to form a new base and then to add a new permanent color. The end result is a combination of your natural hair pigment and the new shade you chose. That means the color may appear different on you than on someone else using the same color. Regular touch-ups of 4 to 6 weeks are generally needed to eliminate roots -- hair with your natural color growing at half an inch per month from your scalp（头皮）.Now that we've reviewed the different product levels used in hair coloring, let's look at what actually happens to your hair. For example, if you're blonde and are going darker -- to brown -- permanent hair color uses the interaction between the ammonia and the peroxide to create a new color base in your hair shafts. If you go in the opposite direction -- from black or brown to blonde -- the hair goes through an additional step. First, bleach is used to strip the color from the hair. Then the ammonia-peroxide reaction creates the new color and deposits it in the hair shaft. If you use a semi-permanent color, the hair is coated with color, rather than deposited into the hair shaft.

在网上找一下吧,上面这二个,你都不知道什么意思

Researchers in Iran have discovered a fungus that can metabolise and absorb sulfur from crude oil and so reduce one of the major sources of air pollution when petroleum products are burned. The fungus is more effective than any chemical engineering solution used in conventional oil refineries. Sarah Torkamani, Jalal Shayegan, Soheila Yaghmaei, and Iran Alemzadeh of the Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, point out that existing processes for refining so-called “heavy,” or high-sulfur, crude oil convert sulfur to hydrogen sulfide gas at high temperatures and pressures. The main aim is to reduce the noxious sulfur-containing gases released by burning oil fuels. These are often acidic and can cause health problems in some people, damage the urban environment and lead to acid rain, which affects trees, plants, and lakes, for instance. Necessary emission standards on fossil fuels could be more easily met with the use of such a biotech cleanup option, the researchers say. "Oil supplies 38% of the worldwide energy, and as the light oil is limited and meanwhile the energy demand is increasing, it is a must to use heavy crude oil and therefore desulfurize it to meet environmental standards," the team says. "It is not feasible to desulfurize all the sulfur-containing compounds in heavy crude oil using existing methods, such as hydro-desulfurization," they add. Scientists have known for a long time that the biochemistry of certain microbes is suited to removing sulfur from oil. However, the development of a biodesulfurization method using such microbes to treat heavy crude oil has not been found to be viable until now. Indeed, desulfurization with a bacterial agent requires the oil to be heated to 45 Celsius to activate the process, which uses a lot of energy. In the new study, Torkamani and colleagues explain how they isolated and tested the first microbial fungus, known as Stachybotrys species WS4, which can remove sulfur from heavy crude oil. The fungus is capable of removing 65 to 76% of the sulfur content from crude samples at two different oil fields, the Soroush and the Kuhemond oil fields, where initial sulfur content is 5 and 7.6% by weight, respectively. The team has studied the impact of several variables on heavy crude oil biodesulfurization, such as initial pH of the medium, the water to oil ratio, and the number of fungal spores added to the sample. The researchers point out that the process works without the need for energy-hogging high temperatures or pressures, requiring heat just above room temperature, at 30 Celsius, which is presumably readily accessible to oil refineries in the Middle East much of the time. The work was carried out as a project initiated by the Petroleum Engineering Development Company (PEDEC), a subsidiary of the National Iranian Oil Company. 因为不是化学专业，所以翻译起来很难，抱歉了，帮不上忙了。

中文：安全对于每个人来说都不会陌生，而对一个化工企业来说，它包含的意义尤为深刻。我们天天都在生产一线，时时处处谈到的都是安全，它带给了我们企业发展的美好前景，同时又凝聚了太多人的牵挂和责任，每一个化工企业的建设者都能感受到这份责任的重大。我小时候生活在矿区，安全给我的第一课，便是孩提时天天见到母亲伫立街头焦急地等待不能按时下班归来父亲的情景，父亲的每一次平安归来都包含了全家人的深深牵挂，而母亲那翘首以盼的身影成了记忆中永远抹不掉的回忆。 长大后我背负着父母的期望，怀揣着自己的梦想迈入化工企业这个特殊的行业，成为一名光荣的电气工人。参加工作后，耳濡目染了许许多多的安全生产事例，我深深感受到安全所带来的深刻含义。安全就意味着责任，一个人的安全不仅是对自己负责，更多地是对关心你的家人负责；安全又等同于效益，我们更能体会到安全生产带给化工企业的勃勃生机。 这么多年来发生在我身边太多的安全事故，无论是亲眼看到被电弧烧伤的两位同事，还是造气炉爆炸压死的同事父亲，还有被氧压机皮带轮夹死的同事姑姑，没有一件不令人痛心疾首。厂里曾举办过安全教育图片展，所陈列的是兄弟单位发生的各种事故图片。照片一张张触目惊心，惨不忍睹，车祸身亡，高空坠落残废，被电弧烧伤，一段段文字都是血与泪写就的教训。每当夜幕降临，望着万家灯火，霓虹闪烁，我就会感慨万千。这美妙的夜景凝铸着无数企业职工的心血与汗水，冥冥之中我也在默默为一些永远远离这些繁华的生命惋惜痛心。他们就如同这浩瀚星空陨落的一颗颗流星，只在一瞬间就消失在了人们的视线中。在年复一年的工作中，我深深感到：如果说还有什么可以和幸福等同的话，我会毫不犹豫地回答——安全！虽然是两个普通的字眼，但却联系着千家万户，涉及到我们每个人，因此它在每个人的心中有着不同的分量。 安全是一项长期、艰巨、复杂的系统工程，不仅是企业生产的薄弱环节，同时也直接影响着家庭的安危。2004年来到神木化工这个新建的企业，作为班长，我更加感到安全生产，责任重大，因为我所带领的是一批刚刚毕业的学生。看着他们一张张年轻的面孔，让我想起刚参加工作时发生在我自己身上的一起电弧短路事故，虽然没有给我的脸上留下痕迹，但却是当头棒喝，将我从安全意识淡薄的悬崖边上打了回来。我给他们讲发生在我身边一例例血的教训，因为公文写作一时的疏忽和麻痹而付出的代价往往是惨痛的，而那些侥幸者，他们虽在抢救之下活了下来，可他们的身体和心灵却留下了难以弥补的创伤和痛苦。痛定思痛，从一幕幕血的教训中我们应该树立一个正确的、坚强的安全意识。 曾给他们讲看过的一篇文章，至今还记忆犹新，某火电公司在一化工工厂施工时，一位日本专家曾这样说施工人员：“你们中国人的确有不怕死的可贵精神，在施工现场有不戴安全帽的现象。在日本，厂长，经理开会时安全帽都系得紧紧的。”这是对违章现象的莫大讽刺。它一针见血地言明了一些人安全意识的淡薄与无知，对自己的轻视就是对家庭和社会的犯罪。安全的警钟要常鸣，奉劝可叹的“勇士们”，收起你的蛮干和无知吧！有人说：安全生产的难点在我们自己，在我们自身的安全意识。仔细想想不无道理今天。“安全生产月”活动的展开，《安全生产法》的颁布实施，“两票三制”的严格执行……，这不都是为了搞好安全生产，领导和职工们用血的教训组成的努力与决心。安全的隐患像一只狡猾的狐狸，隐藏着、等待着、观望着我们的违章行为，伺机侵吞我们健康的生命。“在岗一分钟，安全六十秒”，我们每个人都应该做到这一点。在工作岗位上的每一分钟，我们不仅要做到保证自己的人身安全、同时要保证自己所辖的电气设备和电网的安全。 谁都清楚，灿烂的青春之花，会在安全的沃土上开的绚丽多姿，也会因事故的肆虐变得淡然无光。展望未来，我们每个人该走的路还很长，肩负的责任也很重。在新形势、新目标下，我们的一举一动应当更稳健更成熟。当我们看见红艳艳的骄阳拔地而起，金色的沙漠上管道纵横……，每一个静止的、运动的生命体都被渲染的蓬勃、美丽。我们一定会情不自禁地感叹：生命竟是如此美丽而精彩！然而，有两个字是至关重要的，因为如果没有这两个字的相拌相依，我们将无法感受和拥有这美好的一切，这就是安全！英文：Security for everyone are not unfamiliar, while a chemical enterprise, meaning it contains especially profound. We are in the production line every day, always and everywhere are talking about safety, it gives a better development of our business prospects, while the combination of too many people's concerns and responsibilities, each of the builders of a chemical company can feel The major responsibility. I was a child living in the area, security to my first lesson is to see the mother of a child standing on the streets every day, anxiously awaiting the return from work on time and the scene of his father, his father's safe return are included each person who cares deeply about the family ,The mother figure that has become highly anticipated not erase the memories of memory forever. I grew up saddled with the expectations of parents, carries his own dreams into this particular industry, chemical industry, to become a glorious electrical workers. To work, the monasteries of the many examples of safety, I deeply felt the profound security implications. Responsibility for security means that a person's security is not only responsible for myself, more concern for your family is responsible; safe and equal effectiveness, we can better understand the chemical safety to bring the vitality of enterprises. Happened around me over the years too many accidents, whether it is witnessed by two colleagues arc burn, or crushed to death in gas stove exploded colleagues father, oxygen compressor pulley to death by colleagues aunt, No one is not very bitter. Factory safety education have been held in the exhibition, the display is a sister unit to accidents occurring images. A picture of startling photographs, appalling, tragic death, crippled by falling, being arc burn, a section of text is written in blood and tears of the lesson. When night fell, watching the myriad of twinkling lights, neon lights, I would be filled with emotion.This wonderful night coagulation casting numerous blood and sweat of enterprise workers, somewhere I have also never far away in silence for some sorry sad lives of these downtown. They like the vast sky fallen out one meteor, only to disappear in a flash in the people's sight. Work year after year, I deeply feel: If there is anything to with happiness, I would not hesitate to answer - safe! Although they are two common words, but contact with the families, and involves each of us, and that in every human heart has a different weight. Security is a long-term, arduous and complicated systematic project, not only weak link in production, but also a direct impact on the family's safety. Chemical Engineering in 2004 came to this new enterprise Shenmu, as squad leader, I feel more safe production responsibility, because I have just led a group of graduate students. They looked at a picture of the young faces reminds me of the first job in my own body with the arc short circuit, although not to leave marks on my face, but it is the wake-up call, I will be weak from a security awareness cliff called back.I told them my side in case of patients with bloody lessons, because the document writing negligence and paralysis and is often painful price to pay, and those lucky who under the rescue, though they survived, their bodies can be and the mind is left irreparable trauma and pain. Bitter experience, the lessons from the scenes of blood, we should set a correct, strong safety awareness. Had given them read an article about, still fresh in my memory, a thermal power companies in the construction of a chemical plant, a Japanese expert has said construction workers: "You Chinese people are not afraid of death is indeed a valuable job in construction site with the phenomenon of not wearing helmets. In Japan, the director, manager, department meetings helmets are tight. "This is the great irony of squatter phenomenon. It is implicit sharply some people's weak sense of safety and ignorance, contempt for their family and society is crime. Chang-ming to the safety alarm, advise the regrettable "warriors", You put your reckless and ignorant it!Some people say: safety in our own difficulties, in our own safety. Think about it makes sense today. "Safety Month" activities started, "Safety Act" enacted "three-two votes" system of strict implementation of ... ..., this is not all to improve safety, leadership and staff have learned the composition of blood hard work and determination. Safety hazards like a cunning fox, hidden, waiting, watching our illegal acts, and await the misappropriation of our health lives. "In the post a minute, sixty seconds security", we all should doThis. In the workplace every minute, we not only have to do to ensure their personal safety while under the jurisdiction to ensure their own safety of electrical equipment and power grid. No one knows the youth of brilliant flowers, the fertile soil in the safe open and varied, the ravages of an accident will become indifferent light. Looking to the future, each of us to go a long way to go, shouldering heavy responsibility. In the new situation and new objectives, our actions should be more stable and more mature. When we see the bright red of the sun where they stand, vertical and horizontal pipes golden desert ... ... and every stationary and moving beings have been rendered prosperous and beautiful. We can not help but sigh: Life could be so beautiful and wonderful! However, the word is crucial,Because without these two words mixed phase dependent, we will not have this wonderful feeling and everything, this is safe!这个还不错，我在网上找的。有些语法我改了一下。希望采纳~~