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首页 > 学术期刊 > 英语毕业论文写作常见错误

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本文摘录自 《The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students》 ,主要是为了自己方便查阅。学习英语多年,模仿过CNS的文章,写过不少英语论文,但还是水平有限。这篇文章明确地指出了中国学者在写作英语论文时候所容易犯的错误,一对照,发现自己中了一半。现在将该文章简单摘录如下。

The single most common habit is the omission of articles a, an, and the. This occurs because Mandarin has no direct equivalent of articles and the rules for using them are somewhat complicated for a non-native speakers.

Articles signal that a noun will follow and that any modifiers between the article and the noun refer to that noun (a big blue bicycle / the first award). A and an are indefinite articles; the is a definite article. Every time a singular noncount noun, a common noun that names one countable item, is used the noun requires some kind of determiner.

Mistake: The, a, and an are

Very long sentences are especially common in Chinese-English writing because the writers often translate directly from Chinese to English. Although, in Chinese writing it is acceptable to put several supporting ideas in on sentence to show their relationship, in English,the main idea and each supporting idea is typically written in separate sentences.

One can usually recognize a very long sentence by its length – sixty words or more . However, sentences of smaller lengths can also be too long if they contain multiple statements that confuse the main idea . Long sentences can be avoided by limiting each sentence to one or two topics. Semicolons should be used where the writer really wants to emphasize the relationship between ideas. 句子太长,特别是那些超过60个单词的。还有一些就是一直逗号。真想将多个内容放到一个句子中,可以适当利用分号。特别有时候主句已经够长,后面还用which引导的从句,就显得更长。

example: This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side ,which . The new method can monitor...

Chinese writers often preface the main topic of a sentence by first stating the purpose, location, reason, examples and conditions as introductory elements. However, this has the effect of demoting the importance of the main idea and making the reader think the author is indirect. Bring the main idea to the beginning of the sentence stating any locations, reasons, etc., afterwards. 其实就是说中国学者喜欢开场白,把目的,地点,原因什么的东西摆在想表达的内容前面作为铺垫。但这样在英语中是不可取的,降低了论点的重要性,以及让人感到你不够直接。 example 1: For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing. 这个原因提前了,应该改成: This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors. example 2: Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model, the extended STL format is described in this section. 基于xxx放在句首,这个句式我经常用,还自以为很精彩,实际应该改成: The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.

尽量将时间从句放在后面 example: When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for ∆=0.01 is shown in Fig. 8. 应改成: Figure 8 shows the BDs for ∆=0.01 when U is taken as the control parameter.

Two very common errors are those concerning the presentation of Arabic numerals, and equations. Chinese writers usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word. The use of Arabic numerals, itself, is not an error however; they should never be used at the beginning of sentences. 英语句子开头如果是数字,要用英语,不能用阿拉伯数字 example: 12 Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.

Arabic numerals are overused. Arabic numerals should be used to give data in technical papers, however they should not be used to give general information. 阿拉伯数字主要用于给出数据,而一些普通的信息则不用 example: *All 3 three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.

Equations should be introduced as much as possible, not inserted in place of words. Most journals, like the International Journal of Production Research, discourage the use of even short expressions within the text. 公式要表达清楚,不要直接用符号 example: If the power battery SOC > is greater than SOClo and the driving torque belongs to the middle load ,…(不直接用">",而是用英文表述)

Paragraphs are separated to indicate the end of one idea or thought and the beginning of another. All English paragraphs start on a new line with an indent of about one inch or with an extra line between the two paragraphs. The latter is more typical for business writing.

The antecedent (noun or pronoun) to which which refers is not specific, causing confusion. 就是用这个从句有时候指意不明 example: ‘The Shijiazhuang south road underground bridge possesses the largest jacking force, which is built at 1978(10680t).’ ‘Shijiazhuang south road underground bridge possesses the largest jacking force which is built at 1978(10680t).’

Two errors occur when these phrases are used. The first is overuse. In some papers written by Chinese, these phrases can occur as much as twice per page. In papers written by native English writers these phrases are reserved for primarily two uses

Therefore, if either phrase occurs more than three times in a paper, its use is questionable. Actually, the reader is aware that the work presented is by the author (unless the author states otherwise) so there is no reason to repeat these phrases. The second error is more subtle. The two phrases are interchanged. example: In this paper, IDEAS was used to …. 改成: In this study, IDEAS was used to….

The ‘study’ is the work the author/s did. The paper is the mode to present this work and is what the reader is holding/ reading. Keep in mind the writer can also use other phrases such as ‘in this research’, and ‘this paper present’.

Such as and etc. are commonly misused by Chinese-English writers. Such as means ‘for example’ and implies that an incomplete list will follow; etc. means ‘and so on’ and is used at the end of a list to show it is not complete. Therefore, using such as and etc. together is redundant. Such as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given. example: Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors, printers , and etc .

336 评论

lin10241121

英语写作常见问题:用字愈难愈好写作时应该要尽量避免难字,因为难字通常容易拼错,且考试时又无法查字典确认拼法;此外,除非你很清楚知道某个难字的确切意思及用法,否则也容易误用此字,倒不如利用自己熟悉且有把握的单字,这样才能在平稳中求取高分,至少也不会被扣分。举例来说,大家都知道,buy是买,purchase也是买,但是前者很容易拼写,后者则较难,因此除非你能正确拼写purchase,考试时还是选用有把握的buy比较妥当!英语写作常见问题:句子愈长愈好和上一个误区类似,很多考生以为,英文句子写得愈长,愈能凸显自己的写作功力,因此常常写了一大段,才在段落的最后打上一个句点。这样可就大错特错!为什么呢?因为英文句子不是中文句子,可以写一长段再打句号。英文句子必须谨守一个句子只有一个主词、一个动词的原则,因此一个句子只要出现了一组主、动词,便要在另一组的主、动词出现前打上句号,将两组主、动词区隔。其实英文句子写得愈长,出错的机会也愈高,因此倒不如利用简短句子,确保每句切入要旨,偶尔再用连接词等方式加长句子的长度。英语写作常见问题:句子愈复杂愈好很多考生在写作时,总喜欢把每个句子写得很复杂,不是关系代名词which、that满地跑,就是倒装句型(例如:no sooner did I come home…)充斥,让人看了雾飒飒。虽然写作时不要整篇都用差不多的句型,这样会让文章显得乏味,但这并不是说写作时必须每一句都用复句、合句等,因为若整篇文章的每一句都是关系子句,读起来反而很吃力,且如同第二个迷思,句子愈复杂便愈容易出错,反而弄巧成拙;倒不如在写作时让大部分的句子是简单适切的短句或简单句,偶尔再穿插几句复句、合句。英语写作常见问题:文章愈长愈好很多考生以为,写作时最好将整张稿纸填满,这样才显得内容丰富,而且也较容易博取阅卷老师的同情分数。事实上,大部分的阅卷老师虽然都心地善良,但是对于满纸荒唐言的作文还是不可能违背良心,给出高分的。如果细看各类作文考试的评分标准,组织结构与内容通常占了总分的一半或以上,由此可知,文章不是落落长就好,而是必须有结构、言之有物。如果为了凑字数,或者在没有结构的情况下东一句、西一句,想到哪写到哪,便容易让阅卷老师看穿自己对英文作文认识的浅薄,得到反效果!英语写作常见问题:标点符号不重要标点符号虽然可以有小错误,但如果过多的标点符号问题,就会引起反感了。要记得英文的标点符号中没有顿号,且中文的引号及双引号在英文中也要注意,英文标点在细节上有所不同,学会区别,也应当重视起标点符号,当养成习惯了也不会觉得标点符号有问题。英语写作常见问题:将中文的想法翻译成英文中、英文差异很大,中文句子与英文句子当然也是两种截然不同的东西。要了解这点,我们必须从东西方的思维着手。简单地说,中国人重视个人的感受及心领神会,反映在中文句子上,便重意合,动词多,连接词少,不怕重复,一句话可以无限延伸,直到语气的完结点。西方则重形式论证,强调理性分析,反映在英文上便重形合,所以由抽象名词当主词的机会多,被动式也用的多,连接词、介词用得更多。也因此,英文文法要求严格、结构紧凑而严密,句子的主体十分突出。

236 评论

吃货肥仔喵

在申请美国留学的过程中。文书也是非常重要的一个环节。他可以在充分帮助学生展示自己的特长,如果能在文书中稍加修饰,更是能让招生官眼前一亮,对申请者有了很深刻的印象。但是,在我们制作自己的文书时,通常也是容易遇到一些容易被忽视的问题。那么,现在我们就为大家整理一下Essay写作过程中经常遇到的3大错误。

错误一:没有提供新的信息

对于招生官来说,之所以要从硬件成绩、面试、文书和课外活动等等各方面去评审一个学生,最终目的就是从不同角度去更多的了解这位学校的能力。所以,在个人文书中,招生官并不下想看到诸如成绩、简历等等这些已经知道的信息。所以,需要提醒大家Essay不是对于参加获得、获得奖项的一个介绍,而更多的是要从突出自己的特点或是写出自己的观点等等。在线免费咨询

错误二:没有展示独特的个性

在很多文书写作过程中,很多同学都会想到,既然要展示自己独特的一面,是否就是要自己独特的才艺和活动多交表达,才能脱颖而出,其实答案是否定的。首先,你要明白,参加招生的优秀学生大有人在,与你才艺相似的人也并不在少数,在文书中突出表现才艺并不是最佳的方法。

在文书中不能复制的环节只有“故事”,你的声音和个性会帮助你脱颖而出。你的论文题目在成千上万的招生官员读的论文中不太可能是完全独一无二的。不要羞于分享让你骄傲的东西,向他们展示你从舞蹈中获得的快乐,或者是什么激励你把时间都奉献给机器人的。你的故事是独一无二的,用你自己的话说出来。

错误三:一份essay申请所有大学

只能提醒所有正在申请留学的学生们,在文书写作的时候,走点心吧。耶鲁的招生官收到一份告诉他们多么想去哈佛的essay会是什么反应?

每所优秀的大学都有成千上万渴望去那里的学生,你必须向他们表明你真的很想去那儿而且很适合去那儿。所以,认真关注下申请大学的具体特色或注重的特质,展示你与他们培养目标相匹配的一面,让学校觉得你是值得投资的!

103 评论

小宝151205

随着越来越多的学术论文涌向高影响因子期刊,语言问题成了影响学术成果传播的一个重要因素,在中国,每年因为语言表述不清,用词不当等语言问题被拒稿的仍然占总拒稿量的较高比例,高水平的研究成果能得到国际同行的认可与交流,语言关是首先要通过的。

查尔斯沃思论文润色编辑在润色中国作者稿件时总结出一些普遍存在的语言问题如下:

标题冗长、不准确、书写不规范

标题的重要性以前我们在文章中已经多次提过,在此不必过多强调,主要说作者常犯的错误。首先是字数太长,不简洁,这样不仅不利于期刊检索也会导致无法突出重点,过于笼统。

不同领域的学术期刊都有对标题的字数的限制,如JAMA(美国医学会杂志)规定不得超过42个印刷字符(一个英文字母占一个印刷符号、空格和标点占一个印刷符号)。英国皇家数学学会规定标题不超过12个单词。因此不要使用无信息量词汇,尽量做到简洁。

用词不当、错别字、缩略词

还记得去年3月份查尔斯沃思发表的文章《OA期刊 赞上帝 ,英语水平是硬伤》,就是因为一篇在PLOS ONE上有中国作者发表的文章,由于用词不当,中国作者将造物主理解为大自然也许没错,不过,在英文用词上就不能直译成 God,闹了把大笑话。

用词不当包括专业术语、语法、搭配等方面的使用不当,有些作者甚至会杜撰,如蓝藻(cyanophytes)又叫蓝绿藻(blue-green algae),而有的作者会将其翻译成“blue algae”,完全是中国式英语。

另一个存在的问题是缩略词的使用,缩略词是为了方便信息的交流,但不能过度使用,有些缩略词由于存在一词多义的现象,如果使用这类缩略词往往会引起歧义,如AIS 既可表示自动识别系统也可表示会计信息系统和人工免疫系统,因此,在遇到这类缩略词时要用全称。

除了上述的几个问题外,还有许多语言方面的问题值得去说,这些我们将在以后的文章中讲解。

参考:查尔斯沃思论文润色网页链接

126 评论

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