交通毕业论文外文翻译

（最好）不要某宝，不要个人，一定要选一个正规的润色机构——服务有保障，有售后，北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 终身满意。

毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。

翻译要求：

1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。

2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。

3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。

参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。

原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。

译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文。

主要标准

翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条：忠实和通顺。

忠实

是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整并且准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。

通顺

是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象。

实践产生理论，欧美许多国家的翻译理论是五花八门的。从大的方面来看，可以分为两大派：一派是翻译可能论，一派是翻译不可能论。其实，完完全全百分之百的可能是没有的，完完全全百分之百的不可能也是没有的。

世界上一切翻译活动都是在这两个极端之间进行的。欧洲许多著名的人物，比如马丁·路德、M.阿诺德、F.W.纽曼、J.B.波斯特加特、H.白洛克、Fr.R.诺克斯、V.那巴可夫等等，都对翻译提出了自己的理论。据《开塞尔世界文学百科全书》的意见，这些理论中有些是刚愎自用的。

On the improvement of the current status of urban bus transport Paper Keywords: organization; planning Abstract: Urban traffic system is the urban system is an important subsystem, the city depends on the survival and development of transport, the rapid development of urban traffic and promote development. The bus transport in urban traffic is an important part of the city, it should speed up the development of urban bus transport in order to promote the rapid development of cities. Passenger traffic from the city traffic can be classified as public transport and private transport system of the two. At present, China's urban public transport characteristics are: the city public transport lanes with low coverage and low levels due to management, and other vehicles occupied by frequent public transport bus lanes caused by the low operating efficiency. Urban road unreasonable, so that local public transportation system utilization rate. Aging of the city bus a high degree of scheduling and organization of the unreasonable. Should speed up the development of urban transport system, the full development of urban transportation convenient, fast, large capacity. Therefore the following aspects should be the improvement of the urban bus transportation available. 1 city bus transport lines Urban public transport routes should be in line the city's main traffic flow, public transport in cities should be divided into the main lines and feeder lines. The main line linking the main passenger terminal and transportation hub, more than millions of people in big cities, the focus on passenger traffic hub should be set up quickly direct public transport routes. Generally by means of surveys to obtain data on a straight-line access to integrated planning and overall planning should be coordinated with the City to carry out. The use of lanes, the best rationale for a dedicated lane so that other lane segregation, isolation can be used with dedicated lanes and is equipped with monitoring systems. 2 urban public traffic density lines Urban public transport motor vehicles are usually lines of planning density, in the city center 3 ~ 4km/km2, peri-urban areas of 2 ~ 2.5km/km2, the distance between the Route 600 ~ 1000m, walking no more than 4 ~ 6min appropriate, the Town urban bus to the length of line should be advised as to the length of 8 ~ 12km. Would cause long lines of passengers waiting a long time and bus time arrival rate of a series of drawbacks such as poor. 3 bus scheduling and organization Vehicle Scheduling optimization is to determine the normal and efficient public transport operation of the important factors. Changes based on passenger flow and the specific operating conditions and other regulations, various models of vehicles and road traffic organization, such as passenger flow during peak hours to focus on the trunk of the vehicle with high-capacity organizations Station or shuttle bus from the train, in the flow large and narrow streets, small turning radius and the flow concentration of the body block with short bus. In addition, they can employ intelligent management tool. For example: public transport vehicle automatic threshold control system (collectively referred to international AVMcautomatic vehicle monitoring system), it can dispatch room in between efficient information access, effective communication links between the two (GIS). The main vehicles used by the GPS scheduling, dynamic target tracking and data collection on traffic flow, GIS geographic information used in traffic management and visualization of dynamic traffic information display. In addition, you can use variable message board information, broadcasting, on-street public phone, public computer network terminal, which has been in the way of public transport users on the roadside, bus stations or bus stops and on the platform, access to real-time information on bus travel services. 4 Coordination of bus and taxi operations management Door-to-door taxi service for passengers with a higher level of public transport. Utilization rate of its high energy consumption and less than a bus, air pollution is serious, complete the volume occupied by units of time and space resources, such as road defects, it should be based on the level of urban development and the actual needs of the taxi industry to strengthen the management and operation management, so that the coordinated development of the bus. 5 vehicle technologies to improve China's passenger capacity by bus at a small (60-90 passenger), and medium-sized (90-130 passengers) and large articulated vehicles (130-180 passengers) should be based on actual passenger traffic to the deployment of appropriate models to resources to reduce the rate of empty vehicles. It shall also meet the passenger demand on the city bus traveling comfort and convenience of passengers getting on or off request. The development of an independent suspension type, dedicated low-floor bus chassis and city buses, so bus and channel height of the pedal in order to reduce the vehicle center of gravity high over the estate to the requirements of comfort. It should also be a timely replacement of vehicles, the general public the best service life of 5 to 6 years. Extended active duty bus noise, and exhaust, and mechanical failure more than a series of shortcomings, with the scientific and technological development, many countries have also developed a number of the outcome of the application of modern high-tech bus. For example: the invention of the next generation of Japan's "middle-distance inter-city bus transport system of unmanned." Germany developed a city with public passenger transport vehicles, new cars can be run along the fixed-line and the traditional advantages of the bus and tram combination. 6 Public Transport Priority Development Strategy Urban public transport as the road space point with the demand, low environmental pollution, energy consumption should be small, giving priority to the development of traffic, in addition to China's cities are mostly intensive, therefore, to public transport systems and other forms of secondary form of transport in our country the structure of urban passenger transport natural direction of development. Commonly used way of public transportation there are two types of priority: Set according to the actual situation dedicated bus lane or bus lane roads. Intersection of the first; junction bus priority measures on the main bus phase-specific, dedicated bus lane entrance, as well as other special bus priority measures in line with the movement. City bus transportation is the main urban transport system is to communicate all aspects of the social production of an important part of urban development is the decision an important foundation for the development of one, so to speed up the development of the city bus. 【【题目你可以翻译为论改善我国目前城市公共汽车交通现状，希望可以帮助你】】