世界农业论文参考文献

Countries in the world of development of agricultural information (世界各国农业信息化发展) World Agricultural Information technology generally go through three stages: the first stage is 50-60 during the 20th century, radio, telephone communications and science and computer information stage; the second phase is 70-80 during the 20th century, computer data processing and knowledge processing stage; the third stage of the 20th century since the 90's agricultural database development, network and multimedia technologies and agricultural production, such as automatic control of the new stage of development. At present, the area of information technology in agriculture in the world's leading countries in the United States, Germany and Japan. The United States is the leader in information technology, agriculture, Japan, Germany, followed by France and other developed countries; India and other developing countries, although the late start, but developed rapidly; Vietnam also recognizes the importance of agriculture and information technology, is stepping up its to catch up. United States of America Since 1844, Morse (SFBMorse) invented the first telegram, the subsequent image transfer technology with the invention, the U.S. audio and video broadcasts of the radio has been the rapid development and popularization of rural areas has been greatly promoted the United States the process of agricultural information; AppleMacintosh series in 1984 launched the commercialization of computer operation and the promotion of practical use to stimulate the building of the U.S. agricultural database, computer network, such as construction. In 1985, the United States published the world's 428 agricultural computerized cataloging database. These databases is one of the most important agricultural information resources. One of the most famous, most widely used is: The United States National Agricultural Library and co-developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture A-GRICOLA, its storage magazine articles, government publications, technical reports and so on. The United States also has a national crop germplasm resources information management system across the country to provide services to the breeding farm; the 20th century, the United States since the 70s of the computer application scope gradually to the farm. By 1985, the United States has 8% of farmers use the computer processing of agricultural production, including some large farms have been computerized. Today, computer applications, to the United States, farm management and production control, research and production of high-quality, efficient and cost-effective. Japan MAFF information in rural areas of the building from the mid-50th century farm broadcasting (cable run) to start the infrastructure. By the late 20th century, 60, Japan "GreenUtopia the concept of" response to the news media at that time the trend of information technology for rural development has played a great role in promoting. By the late 80's, for a variety of rapidly growing popularity of information technology, network development, information-based policy in rural areas continue to expand in rural areas, the degree of information technology into the rapid development stage. The end of 1998, in the prefectures in Japan with the establishment of agricultural information-related institutions such as the network center 67, an average of 1.5 for each County Agricultural Information Center. 90 Japan in the early 20th century established the National Agricultural Technology Information Service online networks, that is, Telegraph and Telephone Company's real-time management system (DRESS), its large-scale electronic computer can be the collection, processing, storage and delivery from all over the country's agricultural technical information. DRESS County are located in each sub-centers, can quickly obtain information and exchange of information at any time. Germany In the mid-20th century, 50 to 70 of Germany's agricultural radio, telephone, television and other communication technologies, and universal in rural areas. 70 In the mid-20th century to the mid-80's, a German computer data processing, data storage, such as the establishment of agricultural information technology from the initial stage to mature stage. The mid-80s, the German government commissioned the study in Germany has established a full model of the agricultural economy of the region, later additions and amendments continue to be a very mature to deal with the agricultural information system to provide services for the decision-making. 80 In the mid-20th century to the early 90s, in this period, Germany in agricultural research and development of database technology has made a lot of work to the building. Since the mid-90s, the emergence of Internet dissemination of agricultural information to make a fundamental change occurred in the past, large and inefficient data storage facilities, high-performance computer systems have been replaced. At present, Germany through a variety of network connectivity, can find information on a variety of professional research, science and technology, management information and economic information. France Before 1997, the French information technology also is lagging behind. Since 1997, the French government will be the development of the Information Society a priority before, the former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin was launched on "Information Society Project Action (PAGSI)". Through unremitting efforts, France has been in information technology has made gratifying achievements. France with the family computer in 1997 and 2000 almost doubled. At the end of 2000, the family personal computer equipped with the rate of between 26% -33%, and the growth rate achieved during the period is basically the European average, which also contributed to France's development of agricultural information. India India in the 20th century, the beginning of the 60's the use of agricultural research in the computer. 20th century since the 90's, the Indian government decided to implement the Agricultural Research Information System (ARIS) project, with information technology for national agricultural research systems, funds from the National Agricultural Research Project Fund. The establishment of agricultural research information system is the main purpose of: agriculture and agricultural research managers to quickly and easily access to information; use of national agricultural research systems to collect the infrastructure, processing, storage, retrieval and use of information; at the national agricultural research system the full realization of the sharing of information resources; improve research project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation capacity. South Korea 20th century 80's, South Korea to speed up the process of economic globalization, with the intensification level of agricultural modernization and the improvement of crop yield is also significantly improved, to some extent alleviated the negative effects of reduced arable land. South Korea in the process of modernization of agriculture, agricultural information up on the agenda. Of agricultural information at this stage is characterized mainly in the construction of infrastructure to work. South Korea launched in 1994 "plan to revitalize agricultural and fishery and agricultural policy reform program" to strengthen the science and technology including information technology, investment in agriculture. In the process of the revitalization of agriculture, agricultural information technology come into play. This stage of the characteristics of agricultural information is to strengthen the Government's role in the process of informatization. South Korea agricultural information as a late start of the country, of agricultural information to take the "catch up" mode. "Catch up" the State may use the successful experience of developed countries, vis-à-vis the process of industrialization in advance for access to the information age, and in turn the use of information technology to promote and transform the traditional agriculture, and even the formation of "industrialization" and "information-based "The new model combining. This stage the main features of information technology is more focused on the effectiveness of the application of information technology. Vietnam Vietnam's agricultural information of a late start, a wave of information technology in the world under the impetus of the 20th century, late 90's to establish the Internet in 2000, e-ASEAN agreement formally joined. At present, the Vietnamese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in the realization of e-management process, the Government has learned from the experience of many countries, plans to carry out four steps: the first step in the establishment of websites, to provide basic information for farmers; the second step to establish and expand the agricultural and rural the development of trade information systems; the third step the establishment of agriculture and rural development for the software industry, to replace imported software and the progressive realization of export their own software; fourth step is to adapt to the needs of technology development, strengthening of agricultural information technology experts training.

农业推广硕士专业学位研究生学位论文基本要求 农业推广硕士专业学位研究生的培养更侧重于“应用型”人才的培养，主要为农业推广、农村发展、涉农企业和管理部门培养高级应用型、复合型人才。根据这一精神，提出农业推广硕士专业学位研究生学位论文的要求： 一、论文选题 农业推广硕士专业学位论文选题应结合农业推广和农村发展实际问题，直接来源于农业生产实际的技术难题，或者是有明确具体的生产背景和应用价值的研究题目。可以是技术攻关研究专题，可以是新工艺、新材料、新品种的研制与开发，也可以是农业推广、农村发展某一具体领域的理论研究与探讨，既可以是一个完整的技术项目，也可以是某一项目的子项目，或者是导师承担的应用型研究课题。 二、论文质量 学位论文应有一定的技术难度、先进性和工作量，能体现作者综合运用科学理论、方法和技术手段解决农业推广、农村发展问题的能力。论文内容要有新见解，要具有应用价值，并能够创造经济效益、社会效益或具有创造这些效益的可能性。 三、论文形式 1．农业新技术项目设计与推广实施 2．社会调查研究论文 3．技术性研究论文 4．推广理论研究性论文 四、论文评审与答辩 攻读农业推广硕士专业学位研究生必须完成培养方案中规定的所有环节，且成绩合格，方可申请学位论文的评审与答辩。学位论文应有两位专家“盲审”，若其中有一位专家认为论文不合格，则需要修改论文，半年后再申请评审。若两位专家均认为论文不合格，则修改论文至少一年，一年后再申请评审，评审通过后方可进行论文答辩。 农业推广硕士专业学位研究生学位论文格式 为进一步提高学位论文的质量，规范学位论文的撰写、打印，并便于储存、检索、利用及交流等，特制定如下要求： 1．目录：应是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题。 2．题目：应概括整个论文的中心内容，恰当、简明、引人注目、力求简短，严格控制在20字以内。 3．中文摘要及关键词：约200—500字，以简明的语言概括论文工作的研究目的、方法、结果及最终结论。要突出本论文的创造性成果或新的见解。另起一行注明本文的关键词3-5个。 4．引言或前言：阐述本课题的目的、意义，对本研究国内外研究现状有针对性地简要综合评述和本论文所要解决的问题等。 5．正文：是学位论文的核心。写作内容可因研究课题类型而不同。一般包括：（1）理论分析；（2）研究方法或设计方法；（3）研究结果及讨论或设计项目成果。 引言（前言）和正文凡是引用文献处，应在引用句后括号内标明该引文的作者及该文发表的年代，示例为：×××××（李四，1998）。 6．结论与建议：结论应该明确、精炼、完整、准确。是最终的、总体的结论，不是正文中各段小结的简单重复。应认真阐述自己的创造性工作在本领域中的地位和作用，自己的新见解的意义，也可以在结论中提出建议、研究设想、技术方法改进意见、尚待解决的问题等。 7．参考文献：列出经阅读并直接引用的文献，中外文献分开。文献按论文中出现的先后顺序排列，列出作者、题目、期刊名称、年份、卷数、期数和页数，书籍还应注明出版单位和年份。外文文献应列出原名。 8．英文摘要：内容与中文同，不超过300个实词，应有英文题目，第二行写研究生姓名；第三行写导师姓名；最下方一行为关键词。 9．附录：包括未列入正文的必要表格及公式推导。 10．致谢：对导师及对论文有帮助的有关单位和个人都应表示谢意，字数不超过300字。 注：论文应在导师指导下，由研究生独立完成。论文工作时间不少于一年；论文字数不少于2万字，必须用中文书写，用计算机双面A4纸打印，字迹清楚，标点符号正确。论文的版心按“研究生论文排版要求”进行排版。 学位论文封面采用统一格式，由指定印刷厂统一印制。 分类号 单位代码 10113 学号 山西农业大学 硕士专业学位论文 题目 学科专业： 研究方向： 中国山西太谷 2006年 月

[1]费友海. 我国农业保险发展困境的深层根源——基于福利经济学角度的分析[J]. 金融研究,2005,03:133-144. [2]宁满秀,邢郦,钟甫宁. 影响农户购买农业保险决策因素的实证分析——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例[J]. 农业经济问题,2005,06:38-44+79. [3]庹国柱,李军. 我国农业保险试验的成就、矛盾及出路[J]. 金融研究,2003,09:88-98. [4]赵莹. 准公共物品定义下的农业保险供给[J]. 财经科学,2004,04:94-97. [5]孙蓉,朱梁. 世界各国农业保险发展模式的比较及启示[J]. 财经科学,2004,05:108-111. [6]陈璐. 农业保险产品定价的经济学分析及我国实证研究[J]. 南开经济研究,2004,04:100-103. [7]庹国柱,朱俊生. 关于农业保险立法几个重要问题的探讨[J]. 中国农村经济,2007,02:55-63. [8]张跃华,史清华,顾海英. 农业保险需求问题的一个理论研究及实证分析[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究,2007,04:65-75+102. [9]张跃华,施红. 补贴、福利与政策性农业保险——基于福利经济学的一个深入探讨[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,06:138-146. [10]李勇杰. 论农业保险中道德风险防范机制的构筑[J]. 保险研究,2008,07:67-69.