课外体育锻炼论文英文文献

copy的The History of Table Tennis Like many other sports, table tennis began as a mild social diversion. Descending, along with lawn tennis and badminton, from the ancient medieval game of tennis. It was popular in England in the second half of the nineteenth century under its present name and various trade names such as Gossima and Whiff-Whaff. After the name Ping-Pong (an imitation of the sound made by the ball striking the table and the vellum bats that were used) was introduced by J. Jaques & Son, the game became a fashionable craze. The game was popular in Central Europe in 1905-10, and even before this is a modified version had been introduced to Japan , where it later spread to China and Korea. After a period when it had dropped out of favor in Europe, the game was revived in England and Wales in the early twenties. by that time 'Ping-Pong' had been registered as a trademark, so the earlier name of table tennis was re-introduced. National associations were formed and standardization of the rules began, both in Europe and the Far East.Then, over the next sixty years, table tennis developed into a major worldwide sport, played by perhaps thirty million competitive players and by uncountable millions who play less seriously. However, the game itself has not changed in essence since its earliest days, though it is faster, more subtle and more demanding than it was even only twenty years ago. Ping-pong Diplomacy One of the first public hints of improved U.S.-China relations came on April 6, 1971, when the American Ping-Pong team, in Japan for the 31st World Table Tennis Championship, received a surprise invitation from their Chinese colleagues for an all-expense paid visit to the People's Republic. Time magazine called it "The ping heard round the world." On April 10, nine players, four officials, and two spouses stepped across a bridge from Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland, ushering in an era of "Ping-Pong diplomacy." They were the first group of Americans allowed into China since the Communist takeover in 1949. In various ping-pong games, the most famous is the world championship competition, which was held once a year at the beginning, now, it is held twice a year ever since 1957. In 1904, a shanghai shop keeper called Wang Dao WU, brought 10 sets of table tennis tools home, the game was therein introduced to china. History of Swimming The English are considered the first modern society to develop swimming as a sport. By 1837, regular swimming competitions were being held in London's six artificial pools, organized by the National Swimming Society in England. As the sport grew in popularity many more pools were built, and when a new governing body, the Amateur Swimming Association of Great Britain, was organized in 1880, it numbered more than 300 member clubs. In 1896, swimming became an Olympic sport for men with the 100 metres and 1500 metres freestyle competitions held in open water. Soon after, as swimming gained popularity, more freestyle events were added, followed by the backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and finally, the individual medley. The first modern Olympic Games had only four swimming events, three of them freestyle. The second Olympics in Paris in 1900 included three unusual swimming events. One used an obstacle course; another was a test of underwater swimming endurance; the third was a 4,000-metre event, the longest competitive swimming event ever. None of the three was ever used in the Olympics again. For a variety of reasons, women were excluded from swimming in the first several Olympic Games. In 1896 and again in 1906, women could not participate because the developer of the modern games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, held firmly to the assumption, common in the Victorian era, that women were too frail to engage in competitive sports. It was only at the 1912 Games when women's swimming made its debut at the prompting of the group that later became known as the International Olympic Committee. From the humble beginning with four swimming events, the Olympics have developed to 32 swimming races, 16 for men and 16 for women. The Special Olympics, competitive swimming for people with disabilities, has 22 events for men and 22 for women.

那么长一篇还算是摘要?

Tennis as a sport has a long history, elegant and has a strong and competitive sports watch, with its inherent charm and value in the global scope of the growing popularity and prevalence. In our country, tennis sport has been rapid development, tennis sport has become much attention to the set leisure, entertainment, fitness sport as a whole, but gradually the modern college students loved and accepted, and at colleges and universities are gradually promote universal. Tennis sport flourish at colleges and universities has become a physical education and extra-curricular training important, but because the school's own objective conditions exist constraints, making sport of tennis is not carried out successfully. At present, the college tennis development conditions and University Students in the sport, the needs of the growing contradictions between are hindering the development of college tennis a major problem, how to solve this contradiction has become a physical education college managers and workers an important topic facing. In this paper, through literature, questionnaire, survey law, colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province to carry out sport, the status of investigations and studies aimed at colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province of the current state of tennis sports an objective evaluation and analysis, to identify colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province constraints tennis sports development impact of factors, the corresponding development ideas and solutions for colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province, the popularity of tennis and sustainable development and provide a theoretical reference. Study Results: The results showed that: (1) tennis as a fitness exercise with entertainment, watch, fitness characteristics, and college students to participate in sport, initiative, enthusiasm high. (2) colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province to the lack of tennis courts, open to students free time is too short, far from being able to meet student demand in the sport. (3) Colleges and Universities in Heilongjiang Province tennis professional teacher shortage, and short tennis teacher seniority and teaching experience to be accumulated, the level of the need to further improve the business. (4) College of Heilongjiang Province Tennis Courses relatively short period of time, tennis lesson evaluation form, the contents of a single relative. (5) colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province in leisure time physical exercise, tennis sport at colleges and universities to carry out leisure sports better. (6) colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province tennis competition in recent years expanded scale. Because of the lack of systematic organization and leadership activities in schools tennis competitions great randomness. To make recommendations: (1) to increase tennis sports propaganda, improve school leadership in the sport, the degree of importance attached (2) increase the activity of the hardware facilities of tennis, school-related department to provide more funding for the construction of tennis court facilities. (3) to strengthen tennis teachers, improve teacher education standards in training and the introduction of tennis talent. (4) the creation of a clear purpose tennis curriculum to increase the length of PE curricula, and improve the content of curriculum. (5) to strengthen campus tennis cultural construction, increase after-school activity time. (6) colleges and universities active in cultural exchanges between the tennis and perfect competition system, create a favorable atmosphere for the campus tennis competition. Key words: colleges and universities in Heilongjiang Province; tennis sports; the status quo; Countermeasures