英语学术论文3000字

Published in 1847, WUTHERING HEIGHTS was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when WUTHERING HEIGHTS received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Even so, WUTHERING HEIGHTS continues to divide readers. It is not a pretty love story; rather, it is swirling tale of largely unlikeable people caught up in obsessive love that turns to dark madness. It is cruel, violent, dark and brooding, and many people find it extremely unpleasant. And yet--it possesses a grandeur of language and design, a sense of tremendous pity and great loss that sets it apart from virtually every other novel written. The novel is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, found in him the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. WUTHERING HEIGHTS is a bit difficult to "get into;" the opening chapters are so dark in their portrait of the end result of this obsessive love that they are somewhat off-putting. But they feed into the flow of the work in a remarkable way, setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures in all of literature, a story that circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Catherine and Heathcliff are equally remarkable, both vicious and cruel, and yet never able to shed their impossible love no matter how brutally one may wound the other. As the novel coils further into alcoholism, seduction, and one of the most elaborately imagined plans of revenge it gathers into a ghostly tone: Heathcliff, driven to madness by a woman who is not there but who seems reflected in every part of his world--dragging her corpse from the grave, hearing her calling to him from the moors, escalating his brutality not for the sake of brutality but so that her memory will never fade, so that she may never leave his mind until death itself. Yes, this is madness, insanity, and there is no peace this side of the grave or even beyond. Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example of an uncaring parent is shown between Heathcliff and his son did not even want his son for anything except enacting a part of his revenge. This is shown by Linton's fear of Heathcliff and Heathcliff's enmity toward his son. Linton even says "... my father threatened me, and I dread him - I dread him!"(244) to express his feeling about hostility and separation between father and son in this book shows that uncaring parents can cause serious damage in relationships with their children. This element of destructive behavior may stem from an unhappy marriage in which the husbands or wives don't know each other. This had happened between Isabella and Heathcliff. Isabella did not really know Heathcliff when she married him, but after she had married him she saw that Heathcliff was not a gentleman at all. To declare her feelings she wrote "Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan't tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what I have married ..."(125). Another example of this is when Catherine married Edgar Linton. Although she had been happy at the beginning of the marriage, she thought having parties all the time was going to be fun. Yet, after a while, she became bored. She also realized that she loved Heathcliff more than Edgar and would always love enlightenment created separation between Edgar and Catherine during the final hours of Cathy's life. An additional marriage which was made that was doomed was the one between Catherine and Linton. Because this was a forced marriage, Cathy had not yet learned all she could about she did not know until after the marriage that Linton was selfish and inconsiderate, she became distressed and grew isolated in the three failed marriages described in this novel show that knowing the person you will marry is very these marriages took place, jealousy also took a hold in some relationships. One example of this is when Mr. Earnshaw starts to favor Heathcliff over his own son, Hindley. Because of this, Hindley becomes jealous of young Heathcliff and sets out to make Heathcliff's life a nightmare. Hindley's jealousy becomes evident when he says ,"... be damned you beggarly interloper! and wheedle my father out of all he has; only afterwards show him what you are, imp of Satan."(35). Jealousy was also found very notably in the relationship between Heathcliff and Edgar Linton. The jealousy between them is expressed when Heathcliff and Edgar start a hostile conversation after Cathy's homecoming at Christmas near the beginning of the book. As the story progresses these two become bitter enemies who will not speak to one another. Another relationship which jealousy ruined is the one between Hareton and Linton. These two become jealous of each other over Cathy's affections. This relationship ends as Hareton and Linton hating each other. These relationships show that jealousy can ruin a relationship very quickly. The housekeeper Ellen Dean, or we can call her Nelly, tells most of the story. She witnesses the life of the three-generations in the two families. She is a good storyteller but we mustn’t believe all of what she said. She always thinks and considers things in a simple way. She couldn’t understand the deep love between Catherine and Heathcliff. She thinks it is a kind of madness. She is a limited narrator. In a certain way, this helps readers to understand Heathcliff better because he has no chance to defend himself. An outsider will see the whole thing more clearly. However, we should pay more attention not to be affect by her opinions and try to find the truth between the lines. As a main character Catherine is a paradox. She is attracted by Linton but doesn’t love him. She knows that clearly but she marries Linton without listening to the call of her heart. Many critics believe that what makes her marry Linton is only his high social status and wealth. I think this comment is unfair. In fact, she folly thinks to marry Linton will help Heathcliff “to rise and place him out of my brother’s power.” Her decision ruins herself, Heathcliff and the two families. She has to endure serious suffering because she knows clearly she love Heathcliff whole-heartedly but can’t become his wife. She confesses to Nelly her own thoughts: “…I am Heathcliff—he’s always, always in my mind—not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself—but as my own being…” She loves Heathcliff because he is more like her than herself. His existence is natural to her for they are the same in nature. They could understand each other without obstacles. Talking about Heathcliff, he is an evil person but I admire him because his love and hate is straight. Everyone has a devil in his heart. The one in Heathcliff’s heart is especially strong. In spite of this, I believe and can read between the lines that Amily Bronte also has her favor to Heathcliff. She wants to tell us evil and love are deeply planted in everyone’s heart and it is human nature.

A Flow Shop with Compatibility Constraints in a Steelmaking Plant* Abstract We present a scheduling methodology for applications where the generation of schedules is constrained by antagonistic and vague knowledge. Besides temporal and capacity constraints, compatibility constraints between consecutive jobs are managed. We model the vague constraints and uncertain data by fuzzy set theory. The importance of single jobs and the difficulty to schedule them is defined on the different constraints and is used to control the generation of schedules. A preliminary schedule is generated by considering the important jobs and those that are difficult to schedule first. Easy or not so important jobs are scheduled later. Finally, the achieved schedule is “repaired” until a schedule is found that achieves a given level of satisfaction. Since the goodness of solutions is rated by fuzzy sets, robust schedules achieve better evaluations than weak schedules. However, if no robust solution is found constraints will be relaxed. This methodology is appropriate for applications in process engineering where uncertain knowledge is dominant. We explain the methodology with a case study from a steelmaking plant for high-grade steel 补充： Bidding for the Olympic Games, in a way, an image-creating undertaking. The first and foremost thing is to let people fall in love with the city at first sight, attracting them by its unipue image. What image does Beijing intend to create for itself once it has the opportunity to host the 2008 Olympics? It is known to all that the Beijing Municipal Government has already set the theme for the future games: New Beijing, Great Olympics. For me, the 2008 Olympics will be a great green Olympics illuminated with two more special colors, yellow and red. First, yellow is a meaningful color. The Yellow River is China's Mother River and the descendants of the Yellow Emperor. This color has a special origin and great significance for the Chinese people. Beijing is the capital of New China and previously the capital for nine dynasties in Chinese history. So, yellow will naturally add splendor to the 2008 Games. Secondly, the 2008 Olympics will be a red is another traditionally cherished color for the whole country. We adore red. On big occasions, we like to decorate our homes in red. It is the color of double happiness, representing joyous moments, auspiciousness, enthusiasm and prosperity. Red is one of the most suitable colors to describe the future of Beijing . Beijing , together with the whole country, is becoming more and more prosperous in the process of modernization. Should the 2008 Olympics be held in Beijing, the whole city will be a sea of red : the red torch,red flags, red flowers, and the radiant faces of millions of joyful people. Above all, the 2008 Olympics will be a green Olympics. Adding a green ingredient is essential in creating an appealing image, as we can't deny the fact that Beijing, at the moment, is not as green a city as what we like it to be. Striving for an environmentally appealing city has become a central task for all the citizens of Beijing. Big efforts have been made in pollution control, replanting and beautification of the city. According to a project entitled" The Green Olympic Action Plan", between 1998 and 2007, Beijing, we have invested 100 billion RMB in preserving and protecting the environment. Some million trees and over 1 million acres of grass will be planted along the Fourth Ring Road. By then, the city's green area will make up 40% of its total. The city will also dredge its reservoirs used as a water supply to Beijing residents, controlling industrial pollution and moving out the 200 factories presently located within the city proper. Certainly, all of this is no easy task. But I am sure that all of us have confidence that we will realize these green goals. For now we have the full support and participation of the environmentally conscious citizens. Each citizen is showing great concern for every one of the steps the city government takes. As the saying goes, United, we stand, and a green Beijing will be achieved. When our aspiration becomes a reality, it will be a unique Olympics." New Beijing, Great Olympics"; will be weaved of these three superb colors: yellow, red and green. 追问： 用中文写清楚 这篇英文文章研究的是什么问题?这个问题是怎么研究的?发现了什么?这些发现意 味着什么? 谢谢 回答： 第一篇与电有关求采纳

《英文科技论文写作与学术报告 - 清华大学》百度网盘免费资源下载

链接:

英文科技论文写作与学术报告 - 清华大学| Lecture 3 - Part | Lecture 3 - Part | Lecture 3 - Part | Lecture 2 - Part | Lecture 2 - Part | Lecture 2 - Part | Lecture 1 - Part | Lecture 1 - Part | Lecture 4 - Part | Lecture 4 - Part | Lecture 4 - Part | Lecture 1 - Part | Summary by| Summary by

这里有个范文你看看吧3月26日 20:09 国际商务谈判的定义： 是指在国际商务活动中，处于不同国家或不同地区的商务活动当事人为了达成某笔交易，彼此通过信息交流、就交易的各项要件进行协商的行为过程。 商务谈判是商务活动的重要组成部分，不仅是谈判双方基于经济利益的交流与合作，也是双方所具有的不同文化之间的碰撞与沟通。因为参与谈判的人员来自不同的国家、不同的民族，因此国际商务谈判受到各自国家、民族的政治、经济、文化等多种因素的影响。其中文化因素的影响是不可忽视的。 在不同的社会里有着不同的文化影响着谈判者的风格。因此在商务谈判中，了解谈判者的文化因素是很重要的。中国入世之后，涉及国际商务的谈判与日俱增，如何进行商务谈判的命题被提上可意识日程，文化差异对商务谈判过程而言，是极其重要而繁琐的变量。从贸易费用角度来看，有效的文化沟通可以节约商务谈判费用，在利益上也能达到预期的目的。因此作为谈判人员必须要了解谈判的文化背景，以便取得谈判的成功。 二， 影响商务谈判的文化因素： 英语哲学家弗朗西斯•培根曾在《谈判论》中指出：与人相处，俗话说：“百里不同风，十里不同俗”，由于世界各国历史传统、政治制度、经济状况、文化背景、风俗习惯以及价值观念存在明显差异，因此在进行跨文化的商务谈判时，作为谈判人员，就应该先了解各国文化差异，认真研究对方谈判人员的文化背景极其特点。因此为了取得谈判的成功、争取利益，就要求了解谈判人员不同的谈判风格，也就要从影响谈判风格的文化因素来研究，其因素包括以下几点： （1） 语言及非语言行为 在商务活动中，语言上的差异是明显的，解决这一问题也就相对简单不同的语言 中，作为信息交流的技巧的种种语言行为方式的使用是有一定差异的，如果不了解这 些差异，谈判者将很容易误解谈判对手所传递的信息，从而影响商务谈判目标的实现。 然而，非语言行为方面的文化差异往往是较为隐蔽、难以被意识到的。不同文化 客观存在着交流技巧的差异。如沉默时段，插话次数和疑视时间差异等，在商务谈判 中，染盘人员一非语言的更含蓄的方式发出或接收大量的比语言信息更重要的信息， 谈判对方极易误解这些信号，而且没有意识到已经发生了错误，这将会影响商业关系 的正常展开。 （2） 风俗习惯 在国际商务谈判中，常会有许多正式或非正式的社交活动，而这些活动常受文化 因素的的影响，并制约着谈判的进行。 如阿拉伯人在社会活动中常请对方喝咖啡，如果客人不喝是很失礼的行为，并且 将会造成很大麻烦。一位美国商人拒绝了邀请，这位美国人也因此丧失了一次合作 的机会。 （3） 思维差异 在商务谈判过程中，来自不同文化的谈判者往往会遭受思维方式的冲突，以中东 方文化与英美为例： 东方文化偏好形象思维、综合、注重统一；而英美国家则偏好抽象、分析思维并 注重对立。 因此不同文化的谈判者呈现出决策上的差异，会形成顺序决策方法和通盘决策方 法间的冲突。 （4） 价值观 在商务谈判中价值观方面的差异远比其他方面的文化隐蔽得深，因此更难克服。 其主要表现在客观性，时时、竞争和平等观念的差异也会引起误解，美国人较客观， 不讲人情只注重经济和业绩，并且时间观念也很强，对他们来说时间就是金钱。然而 竞争的平等性差异也是不好把握的，美国人对利益较为公平，而日本人则有所区分， 因此价值观的差异也会影响谈判的进行。 （5） 人际关系 成功的谈判要求始终保持畅通无阻的信息交流，然而不同的文化背景又会使国际 商务谈判者之间的信息交流面临许多障碍和冲突。因此商务谈判人员必须保持和谈判 对手有良好的人际关系、保持良好的沟通以便谈判顺利进行。比如法国人天性比较开 朗，注重人情味的传统，因而很珍惜交往过程中的人际关系，在与法国人谈判时不能 只想做生意，否则会被认为太枯燥无味而影响谈判的成功。 当我们了解在商务谈判中的文化因素以后，就要注重其影响下的谈判者的谈判风 格及应采取怎样的对策才能取得成功。 三、不同的谈判风格及采取的技巧 谈判风格是指谈判者在谈判中一向表现的态度，行为极其内含的人品等。由于世 界各民族之间政治、经济、文化、科技发展具有不平衡的特性，因此在国际贸易谈判 中形成了各具特色的生活方式、消费习惯、价值观念和文化背景等，因而谈判风格也 各具特点，带给谈判对手思维的影响也大。因此作为谈判者应该了解不同谈判者的谈 判风格，这样才能有的放矢，采取相应的谈判策略，取得谈判成功。 不同的谈判风格： 不同国家的商人，在文化差异的影响下，有着不同的谈判风格，下面来举几个国 家的人的谈判风格作代表。 1美国人 美国是世界上经济、技术最发达的国家之一，英语几乎是国际谈判的常用语言， 并且世界贸易中有一半以上是用美元计算。这使美国人对自己的国家深感自豪，对 自己的民族有强烈的自豪感和荣誉感。因此美国人的性格外向、随意，表现为直率、 开朗、豪爽、热情、自信、果断、善于交际、不拘礼节、追求物质生活、富有冒险 精神和竞争意识。 然而，在谈判中他们表现出的谈判风格也有其特点：自信心强，自我感觉良好；三、不同的谈判风格及采取的技巧 2德国人 德国是世界著名的工业大国，尽管东德与西德统一以后，仍有许多差别，但从整 个民族特点来看，德国人刚强、自信、谨慎、保守、刻板、严谨，办事情有计划性、 雷厉风行，工作重效率、追求完美，纪律观念强，有军旅作风。诚实和正直是德国 人最欣赏的品质。 因此德国人在谈判过程中所表现出来的谈判风格有：准备工作充分完善，仔细 研究对方；非常讲究效率，不喜欢东拉西扯；重合同，讲信用；德国人也非常自负。 他们重视并强调自己提出的方案的可行性，不轻易向对手做出较大让步。 3日本人 在众多的谈判人员的风格里，日本人是谈判者中最具个性和魅力的，各国的谈判 专家也都默认；日本人是最成功的谈判者。这来源于本国文化历史，日本资源匮乏， 人口密集，并且日本人的文化又受中国文化的影响很深，儒家思想中等级观念、忠 孝思想、宗法观念深深植根于日本人的内心深处，但日本人也有其自身独特的特点： 讲礼仪，注重人际关系，等级观念强，性格内向，不轻信人，有责任感，群体意识 强，工作认真慎重有耐心，精明能干，进取心强，勇于开拓，讲究实际，吃苦耐劳， 富于实干精神。 而他们在谈判中表现出的风格就有以礼求让；讲究面子；具有强烈的具体意识、 慎重决策；重视人际关系和信誉；不易退让；不喜欢依法解决纠纷。 因此在了解不同国家的谈判者的不同谈判风格之后，就其他们的特点：要采取相 应的对策，以至能在谈判中取得成功。 三， 技巧 因为在商务谈判过程中，受文化背景影响，各国的谈判者都表现出不同的谈判风格。 要想在商务谈判中取胜，就应采取相应的技巧。 就美国而言，鉴于他们表现出来的谈判风格，我们可以利用并采取相应的措施：a、 利用性格优点，创造良好的谈判气氛，并以相应的态度鼓励他们。B、利用心理特征， 他们比较喜欢表现自己，可以适当激将他们的自信，但不能激怒他们；c、以实对实， 对于他们追求实利；应进行实际论，但一定要体现公正。 希望对你有帮助 U箱发太麻烦了 呵呵