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与中文写作不同,英文写作有很多语法规范,主谓统一就是其中最基本的一种。虽然通常不会引起太大注意,但是对于学术论文有时非常重要。首先语法会影响读者对作者的评价,其次语法有可能会导致研究结论的表述偏差!下面我们来总结一下主谓一致的各种情况。 第一种,主语由多个名词或代词,由and 连接时,谓语应该是复数。例如: She and her friends are at the fair. 第二种,主语由多个单数名词或代词,由or或nor连接时,谓语应该是单数。例如: The book or the pen is in the drawer. 第三种,主语由单数和复数名词或代词,由or或nor连接时,谓语应该是与最近的名词一致(就近原则)。例如: The boy or his friends run every day. His friends or the boy runs every day. 第四种,需要用到助动词的时候;一般情况下,单数主语与does一起用,复数主语与do一起用。特殊情况是,当主语是第一(I)或第二人称(You)代词时,都与do一起用。例如: He doesn’t like it. They don’t like it. 第五种,在主谓之间有短语的情况下,谓语要与主语一致,忽略中间的短语。例如: One of the boxes is open. The people who listen to that music are few. The team captain, as well as his players, is anxious. 第六种,这些单词的谓语都应该是单数形式:each、each one、either、neither、everyone、everybody、anybody、anyone、nobody、somebody、someone、no one。例如: Each of these hot dogs is juicy. Everybody knows Mr. Jones. Either is correct. 第七种,这些名词的谓语也应该是单数形式:civics、mathematics、dollars、measles、news。注意当dollars作为钱的单位的时候,谓语是单数形式;但当美元表示自身的时候,谓语可能是复数。例如: Five dollars is a lot of money. Dollars are often used instead of rubles in Russia. 第八种,这些名词的谓语应该是复数:scissors、tweezers、trousers、shears,因为单个物品由两个部分组成。例如: These scissors are dull. Those trousers are made of wool. 第九种,以 there is 或 there are 开头的句子,所跟的名词单复数跟谓语一致。例如: There are many questions. There is a question. 第十种,集合名词暗示了多个人物,但谓语仍然用单数,像group、team、committee、class、family;people除外。例如: The team runs during practice. The committee decides how to proceed. 第十一种,名词或代词之间,尽管含有联合意思的表达像with、together with、including、accompanied by、in addition to、as well,谓语仍然跟主语一致,忽略中间的短语!例如: The President, accompanied by his wife, is traveling to India.
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主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说,往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配: 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则 (principle of proximity)。“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 The reading and writing are very important. 注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词,共用一个冠词用单数,表示一人兼两职。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.
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主谓一致有许多原则,概括起来不外乎三种一致原则,即:语法形式一致;概念一致(语言内容上一致);毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。 另外,根据代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致,还有指代一致。 一、语法形式一致 1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。 Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要取决于天气的好赖。 What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。 2、由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如: The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的。 The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV. 那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。 3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中作主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如: Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。 4、当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如: The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。 The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黄油和面包。 5、当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: One of those students has passed the examination. 这些学生只有一个考试及格了。 A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 为语音课提前准备了一系列录音磁带。 6、由one and a half + 复数名词或the majority of + 名词作作主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如: The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 大部分的损坏品都容易修理。 7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可数与不可数名词作主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如: There is plenty of water in the pail. 桶里还有好多水。 There are plenty of eggs in the box. 箱子里有好多鸡蛋。 8、由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词),many a + 单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: More than one student has passed the examination. 不止一个学生通过了这次考试。 Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。 9、如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如: Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 四分之三多的土地已经收回了。 Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 到场的三分之二的人都反对这个计划。 10、定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如: He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 被选出来代表该组的人他是其中之一。 “Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. “镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。 二、概念一致(语言内容上一致) 1、有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra(管弦乐队), group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如: His family is going to move. 他准备搬家。 His family are very well. 他家人身体都好。 2、有些表示总体意义的名词,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式,如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry(家禽)等。例如: The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 警察正在搜寻一位肤色黝黑、长胡子的高个子男人。 3、有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称,如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等,它们作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如: Politics is a complicated business. 政治学是一门复杂的东西。 Here is the news. 下面播送新闻。 4、用and连接的单数主语,前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如: Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 每个男孩、女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 很多姑娘小伙子都见过。 The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。 5、表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如: Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 二十里地可是个不近的路程。 Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk. 三品脱还不至于把我灌醉。 the +形容词作主语时,如主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指的是单个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: The departed was a good friend of his. 死者是他的一位好友。 三、毗邻一致(就近原则) 1、由连词or, neither…or, either…or, not only … also, nor等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则,与贴近它的主语一致。例如: Either you or he is no telling the truth. 不是你就是他没讲真话。 Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. 不仅开关,连那些老化了电路都已经更换了。 2、在there be 的结构中,谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如: There is a desk and four benches in the office. 办公室有一张桌子,四条长凳。 There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 办公室有两把椅子一张桌子。 四、代词的指代一致 指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。也是考试中的一个常考点。 1、当everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等作主语时,相应的代词一般采用单数形式。例如: If anyone calls, tell him I’ll be back later. 如果有人找我,就说我一会回来。 Everyone thinks he is the center of universe. 每个人都认为自己是宇宙的中心。 2、由neither … nor, not only … but also, either … or, not … but, or等连结的并列主语,其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。例如: Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 你我都没错,对吧? Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they? 汤姆和杰克都来了,对不对? 3、当句子的主语是one, 并要在句子中多次出现时,一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的one或one’s;当one在句子中泛指人时,在反意疑问句中也可用you来代替。例如: One should never blame his friends even his friends committed some careless mistakes. 当朋友犯了疏忽的小错时不要老指责朋友的过失。 One can’t be too careful, can you (one)? 一个人无论怎么样小心都不为过,对不对?
21世纪是社会主义和资本主义两种制度并存的世纪。资本主义的变化与发展直接影响其历史命运和社会主义理论与实践的全面发展。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于资本主义的论文
命运滚滚向前,让我们与青春相遇,积极而行。积极放飞自己的青春梦想实现个人最好的人生。下面是我为大家带来的有关以青年如何放飞青春梦想为主题的 议论文 范文
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先跟你讲一下2000字的论文范文格式,照个这个格式来,才能进行论文的写作,也会跟你分享一篇范文,希望可以帮助到你吧,望采纳!2000字论文范文的基本格式本科生毕