布料毕业论文

Clothes Material Clothing Fabrics a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including: *electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles *thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics *cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel *permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes *optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation *integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures *wearable electronic and photonic technologies *adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) *and biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering This book provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and FIBRES, FABRICS AND CLOTHING starts with a review of the background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including: * electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles * thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics * cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel * permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes * optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation * integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures * wearable electronic and photonic technologies * adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) * and biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineering This book provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and Fibres, Fabrics and Clothingedited by Xiaoming TaoReviews background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology Provides insight into the latest technological developments such as thermally sensitive fibers and fabrics, wearable electronic and photonic technologies, adaptive and responsive textile structures, biomedical applications, and more Contains contributions from a distinguished international panel of experts Covers many aspects of cutting edge research and developmentSmart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing starts with a review of the background to smart technology and goes on to cover a wide range of the material science and fiber science aspects of the technology including:Electrically active polymeric materials and the applications of nonionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles Thermally sensitive fibres and fabrics Cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates Stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membranes Optical fibre sensors, hollow fibre membranes for gas separation Integrating fibre-formed components into textile structures Wearable electronic and photonic technologies Adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) And biomedical applications including the applications of scaffolds in tissue engineeringSmart Fibres, Fabrics and Clothing provides a guide to the fundamentals and latest developments in smart technology for textiles and clothing. The contributors represent a distinguished international panel of experts and the book covers many aspects of cutting edge research and development. It gives you insight into technological developments in the field valuable and technology for textiles and clothing - An overview and review Introduction Development of smart technology for textiles and clothing Outline of the book Electrically active polymer materials: application of non-ionic polymer gel and elastomers for artificial muscles Introduction Polymer materials as actuators or artificial muscle Peculiarity of polymer gel actuator Triggers for actuating polymer gels Electro-active polymer gels as artificial muscles From electro-active polymer gel to electro-active elastomer with large deformation Heat storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing Development introduction Basics of heat-storage materials Manufacture of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing Properties of heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing application Development trends Thermally sensitive materials Introduction Thermal storage and thermal insulating fibres Thermal insulation through polymeric coatings Design of fabric assemblies Cross-linked polyol fibrous substrates as multifunctional and multi-use intelligent materials Introduction Fibrous intelligent materials Experimental Results and discussion Stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Permeation control through stimuli-responsive polymer membrane prepared by plasma and radiation grafting techniques Introduction Experimental Results and discussion Mechanical properties of fibre Bragg gratings Introduction Fabric techniques Mechanisms of FBG sensor fabrication Mechanical properties Influence of the UV irradiation on mechanical properties Polymeric fibre Optical responses of FBG sensors under deformations Introduction Optical methodology for FBG sensors Optical responses under tension Optical responses under torsion Optical responses under lateral compression Optical responses under bending Smart textile composites integrated with fibre optic sensors Introduction Optical fibres and fibre optic sensors Principal analysis of embedded fibre Bragg grating sensors Simultaneous measurements of strain and temperature Measurement effectiveness Reliability of FBGs Error of strain measurement due to deviation of position and direction Distributed measurement systems Hollow fibre membranes for gas separation Historical overview of membranes for gas separation Developments of membranes for industrial gas separation Theories of permeation processes Phase inversion and hollow fibre membrane Future hollow fibre membranes and industrial gas separation Embroidery and smart textiles Introduction Basics of embroidery technology Embroidery for technical applications - tailored fibre placement Embroidery technology used for medical textiles Embroidered stamp - gag or innovation? Adaptive and responsive textile structures (ARTS) Introduction Textiles in computing: the symbiotic relationship The Georgia Tech Wearable MotherboardTM GTWM: contributions and potential applications Emergence of a new paradigm: harnessing the opportunity Wearable technology for snow clothing Introduction Key issues and performance requirements The prototype Bio-processing for smart textiles and clothing Introduction Treatment of wool with enzymes Treatment of of cotton with enzymes Enzymatic modification of synthetic fibres Spider silk 'Intelligent fibres' Tailor-made intelligent polymers for biomedical applications Introduction Fundamental aspects of shape memory materials Concept of biodegradable shape memory polymers Degradable thermoplastic elastomers having shape memory properties Degradable polymer networks having shape memory properties Textile scaffolds in tissue engineering Introduction Ideal scaffold system Scaffold materials Textile scaffolds

面料设计fabrics design

种天然材质防辐射布料，包括金属微丝网和天然材质面料。金属微丝网由经纬向交叉接触、相互导通的金属细线构成。金属细线采用直径在3-50微米之间的金属微丝纺成。金属微丝网夹在两层天然材质面料之间，通过刺绣或者缝纫将其缝合成单层状面料。刺绣或者缝纫的缝合线保护了金属细线，并形成装饰性图案。 防辐射面料大致有五种，上面所述只是其中之一，通常叫“金属纤维防辐射面料”；除此种面料之外，市场上较流行的还有多元素面料、铜/镍离子面料、银纤维面料、单向防静电面料等等。 金属纤维面料具有透气性好、着色容易、耐洗涤等优点，是目前民用服装市场上最常用的面料；多元素面料通常也叫纳米面料，该种面料成本高，不能洗涤，但理论效果比较好，一般可用作服装的夹层屏蔽材料；铜离子面料与多元素面料类似，但其手感与色泽不如多元素面料，不能洗涤，所以在服装上用的也较少；银纤维面料是目前各防辐射服装厂家炒的比较厉害的一种面料，甚至被说得神乎其神，单就面料的性能来说，客观说，是很好，如果大家有这消费能力的话，个人也建议此种面料，但其成本较高，颜色选择少，一般也只适合做服装的里子布，所以使用该种产品前建议向卖家详细咨询。防静电面料在此不再赘述。

洗衣机是代替人工洗衣物的机器。 1776年在欧洲出现了最早的简易机械洗衣机。1874年美国人发明了一台木制的洗衣机，其外结构粗糙，使用也不方便。1911年，美国人费舍尔又研制出世界上第一台电动洗衣机，其外形呈圆桶状，内装一部电动机和一根带刷子的主轴，刷子的转动和搅拌带动桶内的水和衣物旋转，并刷洗衣物，费舍尔发明的搅拌式洗衣机促进了洗衣机发展和实用性。此后，又出现了滚筒式洗衣机和喷流式洗衣机。 30年代，日本先后从美国引进了滚筒式洗衣机，从英国引进了喷流式洗衣机，并加以改进，试制出简便廉价的波轮式洗衣机。至今，波轮洗衣机和滚筒洗衣机仍是家用洗衣机的最常见形式。 1979年，以电脑（实际是微处理器）控制的全自动洗衣机在日本问世，开创了洗衣机发展史的新阶段。 洗衣机的保养润滑 为使洗衣机长期运转正常好用，必需按时认真进行正确的润滑维护保养，需要润滑的地方主要是轴承和齿轮，轴承需由注油孔注入抗磨性和抗氧化安定性好的L-TSA22号防锈抗氧化润滑油，一般2-3年加油一次，如用一般机械油则需每年加油一次。齿轮则应用粘附性好的2号极压锂基润滑脂，或油性好的，加质量分数为1%的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌，或质量分数为3%的MoS2，L-CKC100号中等极压抗磨齿轮油进行润滑。甩干机的轴承和齿轮都应每年或半年加入抗氧化防锈抗磨性好的L-AN15和L-AN68号润滑油。用密封滚动轴承的，则应由轴承厂封入使用寿命在1000h以上的，聚脲基稠化精制石油润滑油，并加防锈抗氧化剂的2号润滑脂。 洗衣机里的化学 由于有了铁粉和磁粉为原料制成的特殊洗涤剂，被石油污染了的鸟将会很快重返天空飞翔。这种方法是由澳大利亚墨尔本大学的约翰·奥尔贝尔发明的。这一方法不采用表面活性物质，因为它的去污作用对羽毛不透水的油层会造成损害。这位科学家发现，石油对铁粉的亲和力大于对羽毛的亲和力，当铁粉与石油亲和后，加入磁粉微粒就能将铁枣石油的结合体吸走。这种磁性清洗法比传统的清洗要快得多，只要小心谨慎地擦上这种粉末，然后冲洗一下即可。 洗衣粉的去污功能来自一些具有表面活性的化学物质。它们能够提高水的浸透能力，同时利用分子间存在电斥力的机理，清除污垢微粒。由于表面活性分子构成的形式，洗衣粉才能发挥其双重功能。表面活性分子的一端是亲脂疏体，即它一方面吸引污脂分子，同时又排斥水；而在另一端则只有亲水体，也就是能够吸引水分子。把洗衣粉倒入洗衣机后，表面活性分子的亲脂体部分就极力向任何没有充满水的平面黏附，也就是向正洗涤的物体表面（因体表面或布料表面）黏附。与此同时，亲水体部分就排斥油脂物质可减弱保持水分子相互结合的那种分子间的引力（就是水形成水珠的那些吸引力，这些力使水珠就像包在弹性薄膜里），而单个分子就得以渗透到需要清洗的物体表面和污垢微粒之间。因此可以说表面活性物质减小了水的表面张力。洗衣机的机械功能或手的揉搓可以导致被表面的活性分子包围的污垢微粒脱落，而污垢微粒是随着亲脂部分黏附在表面活性分子上的。这引起仍然悬浮在物体上面的污垢微粒能够在冲涮阶段被清除掉。 去污物质还可依据分子间的静电排斥机理细分。污垢是带有电荷的，正因如此，表面活性物质是根据电荷的不同来分类的，即阴离子的表面活性物质和阳离子的表面活性物质。阴离子的表面活性物质有负电荷，对清除固体污垢微粒有效（尘埃、油垢等）。比如肥皂就是一种典型的负电荷的表面活性物质，它能同造成硬性水质的离子（镁离子和钙离子）结合，形成不溶解的污垢泡沫层。阳离子的表面活性物质有正电荷，可用作消毒杀菌剂。事实上，细菌是带有负电荷的微生物，也就是说在它们的表面有过剩的电子。还存在有“非离子”的表面活性物质，即没有电荷的表面活性物质：在水质特硬时效力不很大，一般来讲，泡沫较少，为此它们用于清洗不需要多冲涮的物品。 大部分表面活性物质都是可被生物降解的，这就意味着污水中的细菌能够“撕碎”洗衣粉的分子，直至将其转化为无害物质，如二氧化碳、水和矿物质。为了改善表面活性物的去污效能获得更多的泡沫，在洗衣粉中加进NaPO3(偏磷化钠)便能瓦解污垢,并从中吸收金属离子(如钠)，然后同金属离子从而形成可溶于水的物质。另外，它们将带正电荷的钙离子镁离子结合在一起形成复合分子，从而避免沉淀成石灰质水垢，这种特硬水质的典型水垢既能损伤布料，又能损坏洗衣机！ 现在洗衣粉所含的磷酸盐不能超过2%，因为它们对海藻和水生植物有施肥的作用。如果它们过于茂盛，就会使水中氧气减少，从而损害水中的生态平衡。在洗衣粉中还添加了一些能使衣物更富光泽的物质。这是利用了磷光现象：它们的分子吸收太阳光中看不见的紫外线并将其转换为蓝色光。这样“处理过”的光就能使白色的床单或衬衣呈现一种近似天蓝色的光彩。在经过深入实验和进行心理分析基础上发现的这种颜色，是引导消费者具有清洁与卫生感觉的最好色彩。