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英语毕业的论文答辩稿(精选6篇)
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩,在举行答辩会前,校方、答辩委员会、答辩者(撰写毕业论文的作者)三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿(精选6篇),欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel,that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好,所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST,主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx,我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导,近一年的辛苦工作,我已经完成了我的论文。最后,这是展示时间。今天晚上,我将向大家致以衷心的感谢,我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事,我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女,更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解,帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心,并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来,我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论,哥特式传统,哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者,指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述,对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究,并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表,即死亡主题,独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因,详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因:父权制的压迫,南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后,在结论中,笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理,再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的,就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 !
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van )The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
幸福的小萝卜
翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上,把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。下文是我为大家整理的关于毕业论文英语翻译的范文,欢迎大家阅读参考!
谈英文化妆品的翻译
摘 要: 名称的翻译对于化妆品至关重要。本文旨在寻找一个汉译英文化妆品名称的好方法。作者首先介绍了翻译对品牌的重要性,接着对语言和文化关系进行了讨论,然后介绍了中英翻译的四种方法,最后进行了总结。为达到最好的翻译效果,译者应在不同的情况下使用不同的翻译方法。
关键词: 翻译 品牌 化妆品
品牌是由制造商或商品经营者确定的产品徽标。一个良好的品牌翻译将提升该产品的价值,它会吸引公众的眼球,激发他们的购买热情,甚至会影响一个企业的发展。为了迎合消费者,在新的市场,品牌名称应翻译得当。
根据奈达的等价翻译原理,对于真正成功的翻译而言,熟悉两种文化比掌握两种语言更重要(杨朝燕,2001:45)。广告业的大师黄�先生也曾说过:“作为业内人士,我们的工作是要富有创造性的翻译。”(周兆祥,2000:55)因此,在翻译品牌名称时,译者不仅要知道英文单词的字面意思,而且要理解它的文化内涵。这样翻译时才能够正确理解英文品牌的含义,解决文化冲突,吸引消费者。我以外国品牌化妆品为例,讨论翻译的方法。
1.影响英文化妆品品牌翻译的因素
品牌与文化就像是两个彼此密切相关的亲密朋友,哪里有文化,哪里就会有品牌。品牌实际上是一座搭在两个不同的国家之间连接两种不同文化的桥梁。一般来说,文化包括社会意识形态、审美标准、价值观、认知等。随着全球化的发展,国际贸易市场的不断扩大,越来越多的外国化妆品已敲开了中国市场的大门,品牌的翻译变得非常重要。
社会意识形态和价值观念对品牌的翻译起着重要的作用。社会意识形态会限制品牌的文化内涵。虽然全球化程度越来越高,但西方和中国仍然存在着一些分歧。例如,在西方,人们更加注重个人主义。他们更喜欢使用人名、地名或《圣经》中的词汇来命名一个品牌。但在中国,社会意识形态和价值观念不同于西方国家的,人们更加重视集体主义。
价值观是指一个人对周围的客观事物的意义、重要性的总评价和总看法。价值给予品牌独特的文化内涵。在古代,中国基本上是一个农业国,寻求统一的概念,而西方则充斥着价值膨胀和冒险精神。举个例子:“安娜苏”,这个是一个国外化妆品品牌,也是它创始人的名字。这就是一个对个人主义价值观很好的解释。
认知是指人认识外界事物的过程。审美标准是指衡量、评价对象审美价值的相对固定的尺度。为了刺激消费者的购买欲望的产品,译者必须认真翻译品牌,才能使翻译的化妆品满足不同消费者不同的认知和审美心理。例如,大多数人可能听说过著名的香水“Poison”,这个是迪奥公司在1985年专门为西部妇女设计生产的,以满足她们对神秘事物的好奇和对冒险精神的追求。该产品在西方市场销量极好,“神秘和令人难忘的”是西方女性消费者对该产品的共同感受。但是在东方,女性往往更温柔、安静,它被翻译成“百爱神”而不是“毒药”,说明译者选择了适应其民族特点和文化价值的语言。总之,在翻译前译者应该先了解中国和西方国家之间的文化差异,以便在全球市场上更好地翻译。
2.翻译方法
品牌名称的翻译是一个转换和再造的过程。追求同等价值的信息是成功翻译的关键因素。
音译
音译是指根据其目的语发音用近似发音的汉字进行翻译。以“Maybelline”为例,中国将它翻译成“美宝莲”。每一个字都有特别的含义,“美”是指它将会让使用它的女性变得美丽动人;而“莲”是指莲花,表明这个美容效果会使消费者像一个美丽的莲花自然清爽。这些都表明它的功能是让消费者比以前更漂亮。
“Clean&Clear”也是一个很好的例子。如果该品牌被翻译成“干净清透”,它就会失去翻译之美。该品牌被翻译成“可伶可俐”,与品牌原名一样使用了头韵的修辞手法,也有一个类似的原始发音。同时人们将永远清楚这个品牌的目标消费者是可爱的年轻女孩。
“Dove”的本义是鸽子,在国外这是一个温柔和可爱的象征。但在中国,鸽子只是一种鸟类。作为皮肤美容品,如果翻译为“鸽子”,很难被公众接受。因此,在中国它被翻译成“多芬”,意味着更多的芬芳。
还有更多的例子:“EsteeLauder”被翻译成“雅诗兰黛”,“SISTEIN”翻译是翻译成“希斯汀”,“Elizabeth Arden”被翻译成“伊丽莎白・雅顿”等。
意译
意译是指根据原品牌的内涵来翻译,有利于消费者记住该品牌。相比较音译,意译更加尊重不同国家的文化和美学价值。例如,化妆品“BIOCEAN”被翻译成“碧欧泉”。“BIO”是指“生物”,“OCEAN”的意思是“大海”,将海洋生命之美延伸至自然之美,但如果使用音译,将会翻译成“比奥希昂”,显得烦琐和不雅,而“碧欧泉”则避免了这些缺陷。
“Uriage”是一个化妆品的名称,也是阿尔卑斯山中一个温泉的名字,那里的温泉专门用于治疗皮肤问题。作为一个化妆品品牌,“依泉”是一个好的翻译。翻译品牌的同时也展示了该品牌的组成成分和产品功用。
创造性翻译
创造性翻译认为音译和意译都有一部分缺陷,为了达到音、义的完美结合,译者创建另一个单词或词组来充分展示产品的功能。让我们以“Plantesystem”为例。这个品牌是由法国最大的医疗化妆品厂生产的。它的中文意思是“植物系统”。但译者翻译成“欧萃碧”。这种转换不仅使消费者感觉良好,而且强调这是一个来自欧洲以植物为原料的化妆品。
不译
不译即不进行翻译,只是使用原来的名称。根据中华人民共和国商标法,汉字、少数民族语言、外来词和字母可以作为商标注册。随着中国市场的迅速扩展,越来越多的外国化妆品厂商在中国直接注册商标品牌。这样既可以节省翻译费用,又确保了该品牌的异国情调。“VOV”、“HR”、“DHC”这些都是典型的例子。
3.结语
由于社会意识形态、价值观念、认知在中国和西方的审美标准的差异,翻译必须尊重不同的文化背景,并保留其民族特色和品牌的魅力,使原来的语言承担所有的信息和功能。一个成功的品牌翻译,能给消费者深刻印象,而失败的翻译,会令消费者失去兴趣。为了更好地表明外国化妆品的魅力,译者应该寻求最佳的方式来翻译品牌。如果我们将市场比喻成一场战争,成功的品牌名称就像一面旗帜永不落。如果一家公司想打开国外市场,就必须打动消费者。因此,品牌名称的翻译是非常重要的。
参考文献:
[1]包惠南.文化语境与语言翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.
[2]冯庆华.实用翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2002.
[3]杨朝燕.跨文化广告传播与商标翻译[J].山东师大外国语学院学报,2001,(4).
[4]周兆祥.翻译与人生[M].中国对外翻译出版公司,2000.
浅析英汉语言文化差异及其翻译
【摘要】把汉语译成英语或把英语译成汉语是一种语言活动,它既涉及汉英两种语言本身的知识,也涉及多方面的文化背景知识。这就需要译者对汉英两种语言的特点、差异及各方面的文化知识有较全面的了解,在充分理解的基础上才能表达完整,翻译出的作品才会忠实于原作。
【关键词】汉语;英语;文化差异;理解与翻译
英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言,其思维方式和表达习惯可以说是千差万别,不了解这些差别,翻译出的作品肯定会洋相百出、词不达意。因此,要想处理好翻译过程中的难题,关键是要了解汉语与英语的区异。一般来说,所涉及到的汉英语言差异主要表现在以下几个方面:
一、英语语法结构严谨,汉语遣词造句形式灵活
我国著名语言学家王力先生曾经说过:“就句子的结构而言,西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的。”汉语和英语的习惯用法不同。汉语中某一说法本来是很清楚的,谁也不会误解,但如果生搬硬套,逐字译成英语,就很可能词不达意,甚至还会引起误解,闹出笑话,或铸成大错。为了避免这种情况发生,就必须在译文中增补适当的词,把原文中暗含的意思明确地表达出来。例如:
原文:好好学习,天天向上。
如果想当然地翻译成:“Good good study, day day up.”就要贻笑大方了,因为“好好学习,天天向上”是典型的中文表达,直接翻译成英文不符合英文语法。正确的翻译应该是:Work hard and make progress everyday.
另外,汉语中的典故、谚语等,汉语读者熟悉,一看就明白,但是英语读者就不见得能懂,因此翻译时就得适当地添加一些注释性的词语。例如:
“班门弄斧”可译成 This is like showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban,the master carpenter。
在这个例子中,如果不在译文中加上the master carpenter而只译作Lu Ban, 不知道典故的外国读者就会感到茫然,不知道Lu Ban是何许人,因而也就无法理解本句子内在含义。
二、英语句子如参天大树枝叶横生,汉语句子似万顷碧波层层推进
由于英语是“法治”的语言,只要结构上没有出现错误,许多意思往往可以放在一个长句中表达;汉语则正好相反,由于是“人治”,语义通过字词直接表达,不同的意思往往通过不同的短句表达出来。例如:
原文:In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.
译文:门口放着一堆雨伞,少说有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一。
如果把这个句子译成“门口放着至少有十二把五颜六色大小不一的雨伞”,译文一听就是翻译腔调,语言色彩大打折扣。
英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长,同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂。例如:
原文:Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me for a long time?
译文:有一个问题困扰我好长时间了,想请教你,你能回答吗?
汉语用三个分句表达原文的意思,显然效果很好,如果译成:你能回答一个长时间困扰着我使我想问你的问题吗?不仅效果不好,而且显得绕嘴。
三、英语中被动式居多,汉语中主动式居多
我们知道,在汉语中被动式使用较少,我们叙述一种行为的时候常采用主动式。而英语则不然,大量的及物动词可以用被动式,不少相当于及物动词的短语也可以用被动式。例如:
(1)English is spoken here. 这儿讲英语。
(2)It is hoped that you will have a chance to visit China. 欢迎你有机会来中国访问。
汉语的被动句子,从结构上来说大体可分为两大类:一类带有表达被动意义的标记,如“被”、“受”、“遭”、“给”、“挨”等;另一类则不带这种标记。普通而常见的是后一类。但不论哪一类,译成英语时基本上都可运用被动语态。例如:
(1)他被选为学生会主席。He was elected Chairman of the Students’Union.
(2)这个问题正在研究。The problem is now bEing studied.
但必须注意的是,并不是所有带被动标记的句子都一定要译成英语的被动式。比如“老太太被风吹病了”,若译成“The old lady was blown sick by the wind” 就成了中国式的英语了,而只有译成“The old lady fell ill because of the draught.”才符合英语表达习惯。
四、思维习惯差异
不同文化的人,生活习惯和思维方式都有很多不同,翻译时也必须作等值意义转换。如:英语民族的人见面时喜欢谈天气,说“Lovely weather,isn’tit”之类的话,根据英美人的习惯,这无非是一句最方便、最不得罪人的见面语。而在我国, 自古就“民以食为天”,人们见面时爱说“吃了吗?”在多数情况下,说话人并不十分关心别人是不是吃饭了,而只是一种招呼罢了。中国人听到这些问话也只是回答说“吃了”或“没吃呐”,实际上是个应酬。这样的对话如果译成英文只说“A:How do you do? B:How do you do?”或“A:Hi! B:Hi!” 就行了。如果将A的问话改译成“Have you had you meal?”如果被问者B是英语民族的人,他心理上首先的反应是:“Yes, I have.”或 “No, l haven't”或“Do you mean to invite me to dinner?”由于这种文化上的差异,汉语中许多围绕“吃饭”问题所形成的词语,在英语中就很难找到字面对应的表达法,对于“饭桶”、“吃不开”、“吃不了兜着走”等这一系列说法只好分别意译为“good- for-nothing”,“be unpopular”,“land oneself in serious trouble”,等才能基本如实传达原文的含义。
五、物指联想差异
同一客观事物,在不同的文化里可能包含不同的价值,引起不同的联想,具有不同的内涵。动物比喻(Animal Metaphors)在汉英两种语言中均有广泛的使用。然而,由于文化背景、思维方式的不同,人们对动物比喻的正确理解和翻译存有障碍。从翻译的角度总体说来,动物比喻可以分为两大类,一类是:译语与原语存在对应的关系,翻译时可采用同值、近值互借法,以再现原语形象。例如:
(1)He is as sly as a fox. 他狡猾得像个狐狸。
(2)A wolf in sheep’s clothing 披着羊皮的狼
另一类是:同一动物形象在原语和译语中的语用意义相去甚远。因此,在翻译过程中就出现了动物形象名称的转换。这种动物形象的转换可以是一种动物形象转换为另一种动物形象, 也可以是一种动物形象转换成人的形象,例如:
(1)Talk horse.吹牛。(horse译为“牛”)
(2)Black sheep.害群之马。(sheep译为“马”)
(3)Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。(dog 译成“人”)
翻译过程中出现的这种动物形象的喻体转换丰富了动物成语的内涵,同时,它作为一种重要的修辞手法,创造出生动、鲜明的形象,能产生良好的艺术效果。
为使译文读者得到和原文读者基本相同的文化信息,在翻译中遇到两种文化差异特别大时,用直译无法使译文传达信息,译者就要在充分理解原文的基础上在译文文化中寻找对应的表达方式,做出各种必要的转换,进行意译。
【参考文献】
[1]张道真2002《张道真英语语法》商务印书馆
[2]范仲英 1994 《实用翻译教程》外语教学与研究出版社
[3]喻家楼 1991 《汉语成语英译词典》中国科学技术大学出版社
樑樑1982
这个网站上的文章肯定可以帮助你的。
教学论文主要是指对教学原理、方法、心得等进行论述的文章。 一、观点要正确 既然是论文,就应该表达自己独到的见解。
见解往往有对错之分,我们提唱创新,鼓励突破,反对人云亦云,更反对观点错误、立场反动的东西。 前一段时间,《扬子晚报》有这样一个报道:一个老师为了让学生认真学,公然在班上跟学生讲:"好好学将来可以住漂亮的房子、娶漂亮的老婆"云云。
估且不管这位老师的用心如何、学生的反应怎样。这种提法本身就是封建社会"读!读!读!书中自有红烧肉;读!读!读!书中自有颜如玉"的翻版,象类似的观点如果出现在论文中,这种文章又岂有可取理? 由此可见,写文章的第一要素:观点要正确。
提出这样的一个问题,好象是在谈什么大道理,其实不然。试想,我们在撰写文章的时候,如果对搜集的大量资料不加以任何甄别,见到所谓有用的资料就照搬照用,难免有非理性、甚至是不健康的思想观点充塞其中。
就象我上面所提到的那位先生的话,不仅不利于引导人、教育人、激励人,相反地,类似的话如果出现在文章中,这样的文章不仅不是佳品,而且是次品,是毒品。 不仅如此,离开了唯物辩证法来研究教学问题,也是行不通的。
辩证唯物主义原理告诉我们:一切事物都是相互联系、相互影响的。同样地,搞教学研究也不能只看到问题的一个方面,而忽视另一个方面。
否则,这样的文章是经不起任何推敲的,当然也就是不具有什么学术价值了。 二、选题要适当 选题是撰写论文和著作的重要起点,主要包括:内容、范围及难度等三个方面。
内容 往往根据自己拥有的资料而定,通常选定自己熟悉的材料,最好是自己的本职业务范围内或与所学专业相近的内容。不能为了赶时髦,或为了评职称投稿,勉强东挑挑西选选,去找一些连自己都似懂非懂的东西。
即使这样做了,最终也只能是劳而无功,一无所获。 范围和难易 论文的范围和难易度要掌握好。
在不少人的潜意识里,深怕人微言轻,似乎题目越大,论文的份量就越重,或者说就越像论文。 其实,题目太大以后,往往会因力不从心,容易失败。
这里的"太大"是指:研究的问题"外延"太大,几乎是无所不在其中--不是概论、就是原理、不是数学、就是物理!这种文章表面上看起来很大气,可往往给人言之无物、华而不实之感。 同样地,如果选择的题目太小了,则显得轻而易举,不费力气,也不利提高。
当然 ,题目的大小,当然也不是绝对的,大题可以小作,小题可以大作。关键还在于如何确定具体的论证角度。
一般来说,大题目写起来容易空泛,这往往是由于学力不足,无法深入,写少了象蜻蜒点水,如浮光掠影;写多了则显得又臭又长。 相反,如果抓住一个重要的小题,能够深入本质,切中要害,从各个方面把它说深说透,有独到的新见解,那论文就一定有份量。
在选题时一般要注意:它的实用性、互异性、准确性、突破性等等 三、材料要充分 选材是否合理是文章成败的关键。 写论文从整体构思,到题目确定,到论证过程等等,都不能离开选材--客观的资料。
选材的目的,是采众家之长,成一已之见。因而,必须注意以下几个方面问题: 如何确立论点 即通过资料的收集、汇总、整理,把与自己的想法吻合的论点、论据、论证方法等挑选出来,并且从新的视角,予以新的观察。
如何独树一帜 同类资料中,不同作者自有其不同的阐述与见解,我们可以把其中富有个性的典型论据、体现各自特点的合理论证,摘录出来,从而为自己独树一帜提供保证。 如何表现自我 不少文章大同小异,因而,有关资料内容的交叉争议之点,往往也是文章的价值所在,关键之处。
如果我们注意把这方面的资料整理出来,对于形成自己的主见,确定文章的论证角度和发展方向,则大有裨益。 如何精耕细作 不少文章由于种种原因,原作者只是提出了问题。
并未作详细而中肯回答。如将文中略写部分归拢在一起,加以扩充分析,我们会从中受到启发,从而修正原有的选题方向,对问题作出定向、定度的思考和研究。
总而言之,选材时,一定要注意不去作大而无当的联系和比较。必须有选择、有重点地找一些与我们的论点有关的东西来作对比研究,以便从中提炼出自己的见解。
四、思路要清晰 在写论文之前,我们不妨先拟好一个写作提纲,如有可能最好是来一个初稿,然后再动手。 提纲 可以帮助我们树立全局观,从整体出发,去检验每一个细节所占的地位,所起的作用,展现相互间的逻辑联系是否得当,各个部分之间的比例是否和谐,每一个部分、每一环节是否都是为全局所需要,是否丝丝入扣,配合默契,是否都能为主题服务…… 初稿 提纲只是论文的大致轮廓,不可能对每一细节都考虑周密完善,因而可以先写一个初稿。
有了它,很可能发现原来提纲中某些设想有不恰当之处,这时就应加以调整或修改;对于有错误的论点、论据,或发现新的论点、论据,还应及时抽掉与增补,使之逐步完善。 初稿的写作通常有两种写法: (一)、按提纲的顺序分段进行,它可以便文章的格调、风格前后保持一致,前后衔接紧凑、自然,避免旁逸斜出,。
高中英语教学毕业论文不难的,之前也是摸不着头脑写不出来,还是上届师兄给介绍的莫文网,有了高手帮忙效率就是高啊,很快就完稿了高中英语教师教学方法的研究思维导图在高中英语教学中的应用研究新课程改革背景下高中英语教学的思考新课改背景下高中英语阅读教学的调查研究——以河北省某中学为例PCK对高中英语课堂教学有效性的影响研究新课标下多媒体技术与高中英语教学的整合研究——以九江四中为例高中英语教学培养学生批判性思维的实验研究——以宜春中学高中英语阅读教学为例高考英语口语考试对高中英语教学的反拨作用研究口译训练在高中英语教学中的应用研究基于读写的高中英语阅读教学模式高中英语教学中德育渗透的现状调查九江市高中英语情感教学策略研究建构主义教学模式在高中英语教学中的应用研究网络资源在高中英语阅读教学中的应用研究高中英语教学中多媒体辅助教学存在的弊端及应对措施形成性评价在高中英语教学中的实施研究合作学习模式在高中英语读写一体化教学中的应用——以葫芦岛凌东高中英语教学为例高中英语与大学英语教学衔接研究——以《普通高中英语课程标准》与《大学英语课程教学要求》的对比为视阈多元智能理论在高中英语教学中的应用研究我国高中英语教师身份认同研究——以山东省不同年龄背景的教师为例高中英语教学中的真实性评价研究高中英语教学的突然调查与新课改理念下的应然思考高考英语对高中英语教学反拨作用的调查研究——以河南高考英语为例高中英语教学中的角色扮演高中英语文化教学的现状调查及对策高中英语教学过程中积极情感因素的培养策略研究任务型语言教学在高中英语教学中的应用研究基于语块的高中英语教学系统策略研究多媒体辅助教学在高中英语教学中运用的调查报告——以漳州三中为例阅读和写作一体化教学在高中英语教学中的实证研究情感教育在高中英语教学中的应用研究高中英语的教学文化问题研究基于思维导图的高中英语阅读教学应用研究。
众所周知,学好一门语言,词汇是必不可少的,当然英语就更不用说了。
对于高中生来说,词汇学习非常重要。首先,词汇是语言的建筑材料,是学好英语最基础的知识;其次,加强词汇教学不仅是原教学大纲,也是新课标的明确要求。
从教学实践看,对词汇教学的忽视,直接影响教学质量,影响到学生的考试成绩。这一情况突出表现在历年的高考中。
不论是单选题、听力题、完形填空,还是阅读题、写作题都必须在掌握大量词汇的前提下,才能做出选择与判断。只有积累了大量的词汇,才能运用语言知识,连词成句,连句成篇,进行写作。
否则纸上谈兵,无所收获。那么,怎样才能学好英语词汇,为学习英语打下基础呢? 首先要正确学习态度,要从平时学的每一个单词做起,理解它的音、形、义,切记临考突击,记单词、背短语、写句子等。
高中词汇比初中更多、更复杂,相对难以记忆与掌握。因此,必须掌握一定的学习策略与技巧。
词汇是构成语言最基本的材料,人类的思想交流也是通过由词构成的句子来实现的。扩大词汇量是提高学生听、说、读、写能力的前提,因此,词汇教学是中学英语教学的重点,它在整个语言教学过程中起着举足轻重的作用。
那么,在教学过程中,怎样才能有效地扩大学生的词汇量呢?唯一的途径就是运用科学的教学方法。 目前,越来越多的学生乎认为,既然英语考试越来越重视阅读理解,客观试题在试题中占的比例越来越大,那么没有必要在词汇的学习上花费太多的时间,不少教师也持这一观点。
实际上,随着理解题和应用题在试题中越来越重要,应该说词汇在外语教学中的地位只能变得更重要,而不是不重要。端正对这个问题的认识,无疑是我们搞好外语教学的一个重要课题。
其次,针对学生在英语学习中存在的问题,树立学习信心,消除学生单词多、长且难读、难记的畏惧心理,进行有计划、有步骤的指导与训练,具体做法如下: 从基础抓起——识读与拼写 识读是词汇学习的基础,也是学生面临的第一关。一个单词不会读,形就不好记,意思也会受到影响。
如形近词:mental,metal,medal。生词会阻碍学习,打击积极性与自信心。
因此,教师要及时帮助学生,从掌握正确的发音、读音规则和拼读开始,扎扎实实,一步一个脚印。大多数学生来自农村,读音规则和拼读基础普遍差,更需要老师的大力帮助与耐心指导。
学习词汇拼写也是相当重要的。学生只有掌握正确的拼写形式,学会利用读音规律记忆单词,才能避免死记硬背,提高记忆效率。
二、培养良好的学习习惯,进而拓宽词汇量 良好的学习习惯是学好英语必不可少的先决条件,学生应养成良好的学习习惯。 如正确使用词典,自觉积累词汇,及时复习,学生要常查字典,但不要一味地依赖词典,应指导学生尽可能利用上下文找线索来猜词,养成对记词汇的敏感性,注意习惯用法与固定搭配等用法,引导学生在语境中学习词汇。
学生掌握了音标、构词法等,就能在较少的时间里掌握较多的词汇并通过词缀、近似词来猜问,从而扩大词汇量。教师还可以指导学生运用其他方法,如联想、观察、对比、分析法来学习词汇,变难为易,以便养成良好的学习习惯。
三、运用知识也是学习词汇的一种方法? 知识在于运用。掌握了一定量的词汇,就看怎样来运用。
实质上,运用词汇,就是在复习、更新词汇,从而更进一步积累词汇。听、说、读、写是英语中最基本的运用词汇的基本方式。
听:听句子、短语、对话等,教师指导学生听懂关键词、句,使学生掌握地道的发音,积累语言信息,为口语、写作打下基础。说:引导学生参加口语训练,巩固和运用词汇,表达思想,交流情感。
读:通过广泛的阅读,才能巩固和扩大词汇量,培养语感。写:通过写才能从根本上巩固词汇,表达思想,达到词汇的高度发挥与升华。
四、注重语境教学尤为重要 语言作为人类交流思想的工具,是在实际运用中不断发展和完善起来的。我们知道,一个单词的学习不能靠孤立的记忆,即使把这个单词的多种用法记得很熟,也不可能完全把握它在每个语篇中的含义,因为只有在具体的环境中才能体现它真正的意义。
如果没有进行大量语篇语境的积累,没有从听、说、读、写多方面输入它的语境,就无法产生对他的良好感悟能力,所以词汇教学就必须与语篇语境相结合。 而良好的语篇语境则需要大量的词汇量,大量的词汇量又来源于单词的积累,那么应该怎样记忆单词呢? 五、记忆单词的方法 (1)音形记忆法 英语是拼音文字,根据26个字母与48音素间的联系去记单词是最佳方法。
此方法要求学生先掌握一定的读音规则,在记单词时将字母或字母组合与读音对应起来读,因为记住了音与形的联系,就可以水到渠成地记住单词。此方法的好处是音形并用,互为提示。
当你掌握了26个字母的读音规则和一些典型字母组合的读音规则后,在你碰到一些符合规律的生词时,你就会自己拼读出来并将其记住。(2)构词分析记忆法 英语中的很大一部分单词都是由合成法、派生法及转化法构成的,掌握一些构词法知识,便能大大增强记忆效果,扩大词汇量。
比如,用合成法记football(foot意为“足”,ball为“球”。
如何成为一名好老师高中满分英语作文篇一 How to Be a Good Teacher Teaching is the greatest profession under the sun, because nothing is more important than education to a nation. Sometimes, it seems easy to be a teacher, but I always find it's difficult, because only knowledge can't make us a good teacher. 教学是天底下最伟大的职业,因为对一个国家来说没有什么比教育更重要。
有时候成为一名教师似乎很容易,但是我总觉得很难,因为只有知识并不能让我们成为一名好老师。 As teachers, we must not only have a wide range of knowledge, but also have prehensive skills and positive attitudes. For one thing, we must be equal to every student. Don't judge the students by their grades and behaviors. Our duty is to educate them, not to criticize them. For another, we are no longer the candles, but the matches. We shouldn't do the presentation work all the time in class. We must give the classes to the students. For example, we should make a real atmosphere to attract the students' interests. Since most students like doing things with their hands, we can assign them some tasks to do. Sometimes we can also do some activities with them. I believe the students will learn best when they are happy. 作为教师,我们不仅要有广博的知识,而且还要具有全面的综合能力和积极向上的态度。
首先,我们必须公平对待每一个学生。不能从学生的学习成绩和行为来评价学生。
我们的责任是去教育他们,而不是批评他们。另一方面,我们不再是蜡烛,而是火柴了。
我们不应该一直在课堂上讲。我们要把课堂让给学生。
例如,我们应该营造一个真实的氛围来吸引学生的兴趣。因为大多数学生喜欢用自己的双手来做事情,我们可以给他们分配一些任务。
有时我们也可以与他们做一些活动。我相信学生在开心的时候会学得最好。
Sometimes, we may be troubled by some naughty students. Therefore, we must have patience. We have to lead them in the right way. However, if they don't pay attention to us, we ought to be strict with them, until they are well-behaved. 有时,我们可能会因为一些调皮的学生而烦恼。因此,我们必须要有耐心。
我们要用正确的方法引导他们。然而,如果他们并没有注意到我们,我们应该严格要求他们,直到他们表现良好。
These are my personal ideas. Maybe they are correct in a way, while they are not enough for us. So I will devote more diligence to my work and get more experience from teaching. 这些都是我个人的想法。在某种程度上也许他们是正确的,但是这对我们来说并不够。
所以我会在工作上更加的努力,从教学中得到更多的经验。 如何成为一名好老师高中满分英语作文篇二 A good teacher, in our minds,means that giving us all knowledge he knows absolutely, supervising studentsstrictly, teaching students by holding their hands, assigning proper homeworkto students and being kind enough to give students time to relieve pressure and so on. Of course, these are my previous ideas which show myimmaturity to a certain extent. But those ways catering to examination-orientededucation are necessary before stepping into university. With the age andexperience growing, my thoughts bee mature gradually. 在我们心目中一个好老师,意味着毫无保留的给我们所有的知识,严格管理学生,手把手的教学生,适当的给学生布置作业并足够友善的给学生时间来缓解压力等。
当然,这些都是我以前的想法,在某种程度上展示了我的不成熟。但那些方式在上大学前对应试教育是很有必要。
随着年龄和经验的增长,我的思想逐渐成熟。 From the perspective of a collegestudent, it's quite ridiculous that a college teacher still follow the teachingpatterns of middle school because of the freedom and open of university. In myhumble opinion, first of all, as a college teacher, the most basic is thatteachers should possess good professional quality and be proficient in theirteaching subjects, which means that they will not only explain the textthoroughly, but also tell students more extracurricular knowledge on the topicto broaden their horizons and make them throw light on the text , teachers should mobilize the enthusia *** and initiation of studentsto make the whole class lively and be good at asking questions to encouragestudents to think on their own and foster their creativity, rather than letthem learn by rote. What's more, in university---- an academic palace, teachersshould regard students as their friends to establish good relationship beeenteachers and students, and create an equal platform for students to speak theirmind freely. This way of teaching benefits teachers as well as students. 从大学生的角度来看,大学教师仍然遵循中学教学模式是相当可笑的因为大学是自由开放的。
在我看来,首先,。
我的英语老师 My English Teacher Miss Hou is my high school English teacher. Her English name is Jenny. She looks so weak that a strong wind may blow her away. She is not too tall, about 150cm. She is experiened of English teaching. She teaches me for three the other word, she is the only English teacher during my high school study. She is special. She will show an English song to us before her class. A few days later, she will ask us to follow the singing on the tape. I can still remember some songs she taught us. It is strang that she looks so weak, but no one in my class will against her word. I think maybe is because her own respects her. She is serious in work, so that our whole class's English is good. Happily, she is our friend after class. She always palys badminton with us. She is also ready to help us if we have any difficultiy. In my mind, a good teacher is more than a million books. And she will be my mentor forever. Jenny, my teacher, I love you. 侯老师是我的高中英语老师。
她的英文名字是珍妮。她看起来是如此的瘦弱,好像一阵强风就会把她吹走。
她个子不太高,约150厘米。她在英语教学方面是很有经验的。
她教了我三年。换句话说,她是我高中唯一的英语老师。
她很特别。在上她的课之前她会给我们放一首英文歌听。
几天后,她会让我们跟着磁带唱。有些歌我现在还记得。
很奇怪的是,她看起来很弱,但是我们班里面的人没人敢违背她的话。每个人都尊敬她。
我想也许是她的人格魅力吧。她工作认真,所以我们整个班的英语成绩很好。
很开心的是,下课后她就是我们的朋友了。她经常和我们一起打羽毛球。
如果我们有任何困难,她还随时准备好帮助我们。在我看来,一位好的老师,胜过万卷书。
她永远都是我的良师益友。珍妮,我的老师,我爱你。
苏联教育家霍姆林斯基认为,“师生之间是一种互相有好感、互相尊重的和谐关系,这将有利于教学任务的完成.”在教学过程中,我们应努力营造“一种良好的教学气氛”,保持学生们兴致勃勃的情绪、思索判断的神态、跃跃欲试的举止,使英语课堂气氛浓郁、生动活跃,从而激发学生英语学习兴趣.为了在英语教学中创设并保持“这种良好的气氛”,在教学中确立良好的师生关系就是一个非常重要的方面.教师可以从以下几个方面去做. 1.教师一定要热爱自己的事业,热爱自己的学生 教育不能没有爱,没有爱就没有教育.我们必须首先热爱自己的工作和事业,才能在工作上有所突。
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原发布者:中国学术期刊网
高中英语论文:浅谈如何提高高中生英语写作能力摘要:英语写作对于高中学生来说是一个难题,而对于教师来说也是英语教学的一个难题。究其原因,教师没有一个现成的标准教学模式,全靠对学生的责任心和工作中的实践经验,摸索一些实用的教学方法,在这个过程中,有的教师走了不少弯路,很可能是费了不少心血,效果却不令人满意。本文作者结合自身的教学实际,通过分析高中学生在英语写作中所暴露出来的问题,提出了一些提高英语写作教学有效性的方法,以便大家共同研究。关键词:高中英语;英语写作;作文教学;基本句型;写作训练;规范强化中学英语教学目的是培养学生具备听、说、读、写的基本能力,其中英语写作是语言综合运用能力的具体体现,也是很多高中学生学习中的弱项。“写”是学生学习中的难点,在高考试卷中占30分比例,因此高中英语教学中写作训练就显得非常重要。这一能力的提高是一个综合能力的训练,是一个从量变到质变的过程,需要教师对学生进行循序渐进的、大量的训练才能达到。在教学中,老师需把写作训练一直贯穿于整个教学之中。高中新大纲中的英语教学目的之一是“发展写作技能,培养学生在口头和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力。”高考说明则具体要求学生能根据所给提示条件写出不少于60字的英语短文。内容连贯,文理通顺,无严重语法或结构错误。这看上去似乎是不很高的要求,但在教和学的实践中达到却非易事。那么,在英语教学中,如何提高高中学生的写作能力呢
My Teacher 我的老师
My favourite teacher is Miss Huang. She is a beautiful lady. She has o big eyes, a high nose and a little red mouth. There is always a *** ile on her face.
Miss Huang likes singing and collecting posters. She is good at playing the piano. In the evening, she always sits in front of the piano and plays nice music. She is good at dancing, too. Sometimes she teaches us dancing.
Miss Huang likes dogs very much because the dog is very friendly and cute. Her favourite color is blue. Because blue is the color of the sky and the sea.
This is my favourite teacher. Our clas *** ates all like her very much.
如果只是参考了一小部分是不算抄袭的,他只是参考了某些论文,如果是那种大幅度参考就属于抄袭了。
说的很对 就是这样
好看有意思的杂志:《幽默与笑话 》、《喜剧世界》、《故事会》、《幽默大师》、《笑林》。 1、《幽默与笑话 》杂志于1993年7月创刊,现月发行量已突破23万册,
酒典》杂志简介 宗旨:传播酒之经典 《酒典》杂志是由香港中华文化总会、文学促进协会主办,中国国际商会广东商会等单位协办的双月刊杂志。2001年4月创刊。 刊物旨
不会,我可以