与为戒酒出家有关论文参考文献

酒精肝也称为酒精性肝脏，是由于大量饮酒所引起的肝脏疾病。最开始的表现是肝脏细胞脂肪变性，逐渐的就会发展为酒精性肝炎，这种肝炎会导致肝脏出现纤维化、酒精性肝硬化，甚至可以发展到肝癌。

酒精肝的5大症状，及时发现是关键

1、食欲不振

食欲不振是酒精肝患者的早期症状，因为酒精可以损伤我们舌头上的味蕾，也会损伤我们的胃黏膜，这样就会影响我们的食欲，进食量减少，引起身体消瘦

2、腹胀，腹痛问题

腹胀腹痛的问题也是酒精肝比较多见的表现，酒精肝会导致肝脾肿胀变大，因此腹部也会感觉非常肿胀难忍。另外酒精肝也会使胃肠道受到影响，消化不良也会引起腹胀。

3、出血问题

酒精肝患者还会出现牙龈和鼻腔出血，比如皮肤有一些莫名其妙的出血点，或者女性在月经期间出血量过多。这都是因为酒精肝导致的脾功亢进，进从而引起了血小板的减少。

经常的大量喝酒，会导致酒精进入身体中的量大大的增加，引起肝脏损伤，身体中的多余物质不能通过肝脏正常的进行代谢，身体得不到足够的营养物质来支撑日常的活动需求，人就会感到疲惫，容易犯困。

5、肝部疼痛

酒精肝和很多其肝类疾病一样，都会出现肝部疼痛的问题，如果出现肝区疼痛，一定要引起重视，即使不是酒精肝，也是其他肝类的疾病。

酒精肝患者需要做到以下4点，才能加快好转

1、尽快戒酒

戒酒是治疗酒精性肝病最重要的措施。戒酒能显著改善各个阶段病人的组织学改变和生存率，并可减轻门静脉压力及减缓向肝硬化发展的进程。

除了不要获取酒精饮品，添加酒精的食物也要少吃，这样肝脏代谢负担减轻，疾病才能更快好转。

4、作息规律

长期嗜酒，酒精取代了食物所提供的热量，故蛋白质和维生素摄入不足而引起营养不良。所以酒精性肝病病人需要良好的营养支持，在戒酒的基础上给予高蛋白、低脂饮食，多种维生素都要及时补充，例如叶酸、维生素B、C、K，这些营养提供肝脏功能也可以提高。酒精性肝硬化患者要补充蛋白质热量的不足，重症酒精性肝炎患者应考虑夜间加餐（约700Kcal/d），以防止肌肉萎缩，增加骨骼肌容量。

3、配合用药

酒精肝患者要选择正规医院，积极配合医生治疗，因为在酒精肝威胁下身体多个指标出现变化，指标异常要考虑药物治疗。合理使用抗炎保肝类药物，来治疗 肝纤维化与酒精肝 ，才能降低肝癌与肝硬化的进展。

4、作息规律

因为肝脏是需要充足睡眠时间才可以功能提高的器官，酒精肝患者应该合理安排作息时间，避免熬夜，每晚保证7-8个小时的睡眠时间，这样才能使肝脏得到充分的休息，有助于肝细胞恢复。

参考文献：

[1]酒精性肝病防治指南（2018更新版）[J]，中华肝脏病杂志.2018,26(3):188-194.

[4]葛均波，徐永健，王辰主编.内科学第9版[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2018:381-383.

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Wine is an alcoholic beverage made of fermented grape juice.[1] The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients.[2] Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast which consume the sugars found in the grapes and convert them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the types of wine being produced.[3]Although other fruits such as apples and berries can also be fermented, the resultant wines are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example, apple wine or elderberry wine) and are generically known as fruit wine or country wine (not to be confused with the French term vin du pays). Others, such as barley wine and rice wine (. sake), are made from starch-based materials and resemble beer and spirit more than wine, while ginger wine is fortified with brandy. In these cases, the use of the term "wine" is a reference to the higher alcohol content, rather than production process.[4] The commercial use of the English word "wine" (and its equivalent in other languages) is protected by law in many jurisdictions.[5]Wine has a rich history dating back to around 6000 BC and is thought to have originated in areas now within the borders of Georgia and Iran.[6][7] Wine probably appeared in Europe at about 4500 BC in what is now Bulgaria and Greece, and was very common in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout history. The Greek god Dionysos and the Roman equivalent Bacchus represented wine, and the drink is also used in Christian and Jewish ceremonies such as the Eucharist and word "wine" derives from the Proto-Germanic "*winam," an early borrowing from the Latin vinum, "wine" or "(grape) vine," itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European stem *win-o- (cf. Hittite: wiyana ,Lycian: Oino, Ancient Greek οῖνος - oînos, Aeolic Greek ϝοίνος - woinos).[8][9] Similar words for wine or grapes are found in the Semitic languages (cf. Arabic ﻭﻳﻦ wayn) and in Georgian (ğvino); some consider the term to be a wanderwort, or "wandering word".[10]Contents [hide]1 History 2 Grape varieties 3 Classification Europe classification Outside of Europe 4 Vintages 5 Tasting 6 Collecting 7 Production Exporting countries 8 Uses Religious uses 9 Health effects 10 Packaging 11 Storage 12 Film and television 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links pls contact me for the url,which is banned on baidu.