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首页 > 学术论文 > ppp模式硕士毕业论文

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胖小咪咪

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第一,可以体现作者的总体思路。提纲是由序码和文字组成的一种逻辑图表,是帮助作者考虑文章全篇逻辑构成的写作设计图。其优点在于,使作者易于掌握论文结构的全局,层次清楚,重点明确,简明扼要,一目了然。[2]第二,有利于论文前后呼应。有一个提纲,可以帮助我们树立全局观念,从整体出发,在检验每一个部分所占的地位、所起的作用,相互间是否有逻辑联系,每部分所占的篇幅与其在全局中的地位和作用是否相称,各个部分之间的比例是否恰当和谐,每一字、每一句、每一段、每一部分是否都为全局所需要,是否都丝丝入扣、相互配合,成为整体的有机组成部分,都能为展开论题服务。经过这样的考虑和编写,论文的结构才能统一而完整,很好地为表达论文的内容服务。第三,有利于及时调整,避免大返工。在毕业论文的研究和写作过程中,作者的思维活动是非常活跃的,一些不起眼的材料,从表面看来不相关的材料,经过熟悉和深思,常常会产生新的联想或新的观点,如果不认真编写提纲,动起笔来就会被这种现象所干扰,不得不停下笔来重新思考,甚至推翻已写的从头来过;这样,不仅增加了工作量,也会极大地影响写作情绪。毕业论文提纲犹如工程的蓝图,只要动笔前把提纲考虑得周到严谨,多花点时间和力气,搞得扎实一些,就能形成一个层次清楚、逻辑严密的论文框架,从而避免许多不必要的返工。另外,初写论文的学生,如果把自己的思路先写成提纲,再去请教他人,人家一看能懂,较易提出一些修改补充的意见,便于自己得到有效的指导。

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sugar糖果君

PPP, is the English acronym for Public Private Partnership, that is, "public-private partnerships." PPP Government in alleviating the financial pressure to meet the infrastructure, improve investment efficiency and management have an advantage, be regarded as effective in attracting private capital in infrastructure construction of innovative ways. The successful operation of PPP projects, the need for a wealth of design experience in the construction and operation of the maintenance of an effective organizational structure, financing channels open, and good public relations, a strong legal support and so on, but the impact of PPP projects in the most critical success factor is the project risks in the public sector and private sector be allocated more rationally. PPP project cycle, as a result of long, complex contractual relationship, there is not a comprehensive risk identification, risk in the future can not be predicted, the probability of the risk of uncertainty, to risk the potential damage can not be accurately estimated, as well as some can not control the risk factors involved in PPP projects makes the risk-sharing between the parties on the protracted negotiations, it is difficult to reach an agreement. In particular, the introduction of PPP model in our country a short time, policies and regulations are not sound, as well as special market environment in China, there is an urgent need to establish a reasonable risk for China-sharing mechanisms. In this paper, the nature of the PPP model and the characteristics of the focus of analysis, and introduced the use of PPP model of China's current situation and problems. The use of experts to investigate the impact of PPP projects on the success or failure of the 34 risk factors against the probability of occurrence and the extent of analysis and evaluation, through the results of meta-analysis of the questionnaire to various risk factors in the public sector (government) and private sharing of results between.

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