几何首饰毕业论文

如何增强珠宝鉴定证书对实物的确认性摘要：珠宝鉴定证书是珠宝首饰在销售过程中提供质量保证的关键。但是目前国内外不少检验机构所出具的珠宝鉴定证书对相应实物缺乏确认性。因此需要在实践中寻找和选择珠宝玉石的个性确认特征，并取一两处在证书上标注。其选择原则可以考虑三个方面，标注方法可采用放大照片或素描图。此项工作不仅具有商业意义和质量监督意叉，同时具有重要的法律意义。关键词：珠宝；证书；实物；确认性珠宝玉石鉴定证书(包括检验报告)是对珠宝玉石及其饰品进行科学鉴定和质量检验的凭证。在珠宝销售中提供必要的质量检验证书，是贯彻执行国家有关产品质量法律法规，杜绝以假乱真、以次充好，保护消费者和经营者合法权益，促进珠宝业健康有序发展的重要手段。要使鉴定证书真正起到上述重要作用，除了对实物鉴定检测所标注内容的真实性和准确性之外，证书与实物相符合的确认性是至关重要的。鉴定证书是相应珠宝实物的“身份证”，只有对实物具备了确认功能，才能起到证实珠宝玉石“身份”的作用。我国实行改革开放以后，在珠宝业复苏和发展的初期，一些单位出具的宝石鉴定证书上没有实物的照片，仅仅标注了被鉴定物品的尺寸和质量。这样的证书对所鉴定的实物是不具备确认性的，因而排除不了实物被人替换的可能性。随着珠宝业质量技术监督工作的健全和完善，今天的珠宝玉石质量检验机构所出具的鉴定证书，都已经附上了饰品的彩色图片。只要所用的照片图像清晰、色彩准确，能将珠宝具有个性特征的天然花纹形态、结构、构造特征清晰地显示出来，人们就可以根据这些自然个性特征一目了然地确认证书是否与实物相符合。一目前不少珠宝玉石鉴定证书缺乏对实物的确认性据笔者了解，目前国内外不少珠宝鉴定证书对相应实物缺乏确认性。究其原因，主要是这类证书上所附照片，显示不了相应实物的个性特征，这种情况尤其存在于钻石首饰的鉴定证书上。钻石由于体积小，磨工形态较为规整，特别是1克拉以下的戒面几乎都是圆钻式样。钻石折射反射强，净度达到宝石级的．一般照片上难以看出具有确认意义的个性特征，净度差异也分不清，甚至与同形态的合成立方氧化锆等仿冒品难以分辨。外行人往往只要照片上实物的款式相同就认可了。但金属架一般是用模具制作的，同一模具款式相同，因此它对于珠宝玉石鉴定证书与实物对照是不具确认性的。其它各类珠宝玉石戒面，体积往往也不大，当净度好、颜色均匀时，再加上表面反光，照片上也难以显示出个性确认特征。对于上述这类鉴定证书，如果相应珠宝玉石被用颜色、质感和形状、大小相似的仿冒品更换了，在照片上是难以看出来的。尽管这些证书都标注有饰品的总质量，其上所镶珠宝玉石与替换品如果密度不同，会使总质量发生改变，但造假者完全可以通过从饰品托架背面增补金属来调整总质量，以达到仿冒的目的。手镯和大的雕件，所用照片上物体尺寸一般比实物要小，如果石料颜色单一，又不具有个性特征的花纹，其照片往往也具备不了对实物的确认性。虽然照片能显示饰品工艺形态和工艺纹理特征，但使用电脑模拟雕刻技术，造假者完全可以用其它材料制作出同形的赝品。例如净度较好的水晶与玻璃制品、羊脂玉和玉髓、琥珀和松香等等，在一般照片上是难以区别开的。因此。属于上述情况的珠宝玉石鉴定证书不具备对实物的确认性，也就失去了仿伪能力。二寻找和选择珠宝玉石的个性确认特征笔者以前在珠宝玉石鉴定和出具证书工作中，就注意并设法解决了证书与实物间的确认问题。例如笔者曾出具了一份钻石为克拉的钻戒鉴定报告，因物主有急是去外地，连照片都来不及照。鉴定之后，我只好在鉴定报告上画了钻石素描图，并在旁边画了戒面显微包体素描图。其中一个包裹体形态很特殊，像一只猫，然后请物主在镜下校对图形是否准确，并在报告上作了校对签字。两年以后，钻石的主人想将此物出售给他人，但是买主不放心，同货主一起来找我，要求确认鉴定报告与实物是否相符。我将戒指放在镜下对准包裹体位置调整好焦距，找到了那只“猫”，请买主自己核对。他一眼就确认出来，说：“太高明了!这天然石头里长的东西，再有本事的人也伪造不出来!”当然，这个形态像猫的包裹体在世界上是独一无二的，但要在其它钻石中找到具有个性特征的包裹体也不难，其它珠宝玉石的情况也是如此。宝石内部的个性确认特征，最好是找晶体内部的包裹体，如固态包体、液态包体、气态包体或二相、三相包体等等。每个包体往往都具有自己独特的形态，它们问的组合方式(相互间的位置、距离等)常常也具有独到的个性特征。特别是那些具有鉴定意义的包体，既可作为确认特征，又是鉴定检测的重要凭证，具有双重意义。如果包体不显著，还可以选择宝石的一些特殊结构构造作为确认特征，如生长纹、色带、孔隙、裂纹，甚至表面或边缘的破损形态。只要这种形态特征人为不能复制，天然的有不易重现，都可以考虑作为个性确认特征。对玉石而言，明显的色彩形态、结构形态和大的裂绺，在一般清晰的照片上，都能显示出确认特征。但对那些色彩、结构、质地均一而无纹饰的玉石，只好寻找一些内部独特形态的显微特征在作为依据。如在显微镜下能找到一些色丝色点、棉点棉团、微细结构形态、细小裂绺等等。甚至外表加工所留下的砂眼、坑洞，只要其形态独特。不易出现相同的，人工也难以复制，也可以考虑作为个性确认特征。以上珠宝玉石的个性确认特征，在鉴定证书上，每件只需选择一至二处，其选择原则有三点：一是要特征独特而鲜明，人工难以模仿伪造，二是在珠宝饰品位置上要便于观察，如刻面宝石最好是选在从冠部就能看到的地方，未镶嵌戒面，透明度差的最好不要选在底面；三是个性确认特征最好是用十倍放大镜就能看清楚，以方便核对。但对于那些净度较高的珠宝玉石如钻石等，只好在显微镜下寻找那些细微的个性确认特征。三、确认特征在证书上的标注方法为了便于证书与实物间的确认，对于钻石和其它高档宝石，如果戒面较小，拍摄照片时最好将戒面加以放大。如果在一张垒貌照片上显示不出确认性，则需要加上一至两张具有个性确认特征的显微照片，将其组合成一个规整的方块，既便干标注照片间相互关系，又可以保持证书构图上的美感。照片贴好后要用细线条标注显微照片上个性确认特征在全貌照片上的位置和放大倍率。拍摄照片，要注意选择光源和调整照明方式，同时要控制好图像所需尺寸大小。如果不能拍摄显微照片，也可以参照国家标准GB／T16554-2002钻石分级证书净度素描图标注法，描绘个性确认特征。但描绘不能用符号描绘，要用写实的手法描绘出准确的图形，图形绘在贴显微照片的地方，用细线条引注在全貌照片上相应位置。个性确认特征是珠宝玉石中的天然密码，在珠宝鉴定证书上配合实物全貌照片进行标注，增强了证书与实物相符的确认性和仿伪功能，同时对鉴定检验机构和鉴定人的技术责任也起到确认作用。这对于那些利用证书缺乏确认性的弱点，把实物调换，将责任嫁祸于鉴定机构和鉴定人的不良动机，是一种有效的制约。因此，增强珠宝鉴定证书对实物的确认性，不仅有商业意义和质量监督意义，同时具有重要的法律意义。在珠宝玉石评估工作中出具评估报告和其它有关珠宝玉石事务的凭证中也可以参照使用。

浅论“点”在商业首饰设计中的应用更新时间 2009-2-23 21:30:32 打印此文 点击数 96 摘要:在当今商业首饰设计艺术中，用于珠宝设计的构成手段可谓风格各异、流派繁多。但最富于时代精神的表现形式莫过于“点”的构成运用。点的形状、方向、大小、位置、聚集，发散，组合能够给人带来不同的心理感受和艺术魅力。本文分析近几年来商业珠宝首饰设计艺术中“点”的表现形式大体总结归纳出三种类型：强调整齐划一，以形成秩序美。运用自然散点的构图，获得多变的视觉效应。采用类似群化的组合，显露时代风格。关键词:首饰设计形式风格艺术魅力“点”在几何学中的意义只是表明位置而不具备面积和方向，但在设计构成中，代写论文 “点”作为造型要素之一，却具有无法取代的重要作用。在人类远古时期，“点”在手工制品表面装饰纹样中就已经被得到了大量的运用，时至今日，设计师依然情衷于“点”的易变随性和多样组合，再现着“点”那令人惊叹的艺术魅力。一、强调整齐划一。以形成秩序美所谓秩序感，就是一种赋予了作品统一性，而体现出作品的美感与冲击力，从而给人带来的一种稳重感、流畅感和归整感。秩序美是种模式情怀。它蕴含在大小相同、间隔相等、横平竖直的严格模式中。整齐划一虽极易陷入单板，然而背水一战，在极致中追求突破，同样会产生极具个性的优秀作品。秩序美更是种韵律心思。它蕴含在罗列整齐、组合清晰的流畅旋律里。单纯却又意义丰富，代写毕业论文 简明却又规律连续，在统一性和重复性中体现作品的视觉冲击。珠宝首饰没计中的重要原则：条理与反复，同样也是形式美的一种法则。他们是构成秩序美的重要因素。所谓的条理就是有组织、有规律地在设计中对画面进行?概括整理；反复是指把相同、相似的形象有规律的重复排列。调整连续而反复排列的单元个体也会产生如音乐节奏一样的律动感，也能使单调的形式和色彩产生变化而变得缤纷。例如我们所接触的二方连续、四方连续。运用此项秩序美的典型作品是这款源于Tifany经典设计。整体造型装饰简洁、醒目，将横点的等间距排列法应用到了手链造型设计装饰中，把一种完整的秩序美感呈现在了人们的面前。这种“点“的等间距排列法在此款手链设计装饰中将Tifany的创作精髓和理念表现得十分贴切。简约鲜明的线条诉说着冷静超然的明晰与令人心动神移的优稚。和谐、比例与条理在每一件Tifany设计作品巾都得到了自然的融合呈现。图(1)的作品中前后环衬的设计展现了这一设计理念的主题，不是一次性简单的重复，而是采用了两种大小不同的点相互组合，从侧面观看，较大的“点”在一群较小的点的上方，使整个画面呈现出从大到小的流动感，这样一大一小的反复变化将相同的形和色作规律的重复排列，产生了单纯、统一的感觉，给佩带者带来鲜明而深刻的印象。二、运用自然散点的构图，获得多变的视觉效应如果说整齐划一如同节奏感很强的打击乐，那么散点构成就是旋律优美的丝竹乐。散点构成简而有序、散而不乱、活泼多变。设计者看似随性而为，实者已在不露声色中营造出了视觉美感。运用形式美的法则中另外的两个重要因素是节奏与韵律。节奏原本是指音乐中节拍的长短，用在珠宝设计中，主要体现在图画中点、线、面、形、色的大小、轻重、虚实、快慢的变化；而韵律原本是指诗词中的抑扬顿搓所产生的感觉，在珠宝设计运用中，体现在各元素之间的风格、样式在统一前提下的变化。在图(2)这款耳坠的造型设计中，运用的是一种近乎自然的设计风格。“点”状的花芯图案大小相同、层次分明，代写留学生论文 呈参差状悬吊在空中。耳坠的仿花造型十分逼真，花朵用白银制作，花芯用圆形珊瑚制作。花芯以点的形式呈流动状分布，彼此参差有序，十分自然，毫无做作，把一种自然的情态表现得淋漓尽致，带来一种美妙的艺术享受。图(3)的作品是香港珠宝设计比赛得奖作品中的一款，设计主题灵感来源于烟花。如同烟花的绚烂缤纷一样，散点构成的规律也是丰富多样的。此款设计的风格明显浪漫多于严谨，那么散点构成的手法是最合适不过的。我们通过作品来分析一下散点构成的变化：这款手镯用钻石材质的点做不规则的组织排列，形式自由，星罗棋布般地点缀着，或大或小，或穿透或凸显。光折射出钻石的缤纷火彩，晶莹而又绚烂，使人们联想到头顶灿烂的星空中，烟花以不同的形式在不断的燃烧赞放，具有很强的感染力。相比之下，图(4)作品的设计所采用的散点构成就显得含蓄而理性化了。设计者似乎是漫不经心地将珍珠散乱地排列在桌面上，但从排列的疏密聚散，色彩的协调搭配，均可以感到是经过设计者精密地计算的。作品以球形的点构成为主，大大小小的单元个体有序地排列，其间跳动的色彩或深或浅，与单元个体相呼应，比例有松有紧，从点到线，合理地表达了珍珠优雅含蓄的气质，在和谐中透出华美。三、采用类似群化的组合，显露时代风格“点”的外形并不局限于圆形一种，也可以是正方形、三角型、矩形及不规则形等等。但其面积的大小，要限制在“点”的视觉效应的范围之内。在等间隔构成的网络上，把某一个或某一组单元的圆点，变换为上述其它各种形状中的某种或某几种，这种手法被称为类似群化组合。类似群化组合的特点在于统一之中蕴育着变化。每一季配饰都有新的设计元素，从花朵、蝴蝶到几何图案无奇不有，而本季尤以环形配饰以及多种形状的类似群化组合构成为最新焦点，如图(5—7)所示。代写硕士论文与以往不同，本季环形不再简单地强调大，而是善于将不同材质、不同光泽的元素进行组合，使之具有现代感的造型。装饰图案是以圆点、方点、菱形点、十字花纹点等多种形状的类似群化组合为主，均匀分布在主线链条上。所用的材质有树胶、珍珠、金属、玻璃等等，此类具不同光泽的“点f”密集而有节奏地在链条上有序排列，不断延伸，形成一定的量感，与金属链条构架一起，给人以丰富而现代的感觉。不同的材质将活泼与时尚结合起来，将复杂、简约、古典、现代等多种元素融为一体。综上所述，我们不难发现珠宝设计师们正在无穷尽地挖掘着“点”的艺术表现力和感染力。也正因为如此，“点”也更具有无穷尽的艺术表现力和感染力。但愿我国的珠宝设计工作者们重视“点”这个最基本的造型要素，借以激发灵感，记录下自己艺术思维活动中那闪光的理念瞬间。参考文献：[1]英（克）莱夫·贝尔著同金环，马钟元译艺术[M]中国文艺联合出版公司，1984．[2]凌继尧，徐恒醇．艺术设计学[M]．上海人民出社，2001．论文网 on the "point" in the commercial jewelry design updated 2009-2-23 21:30:32 Hits 96 Print this article Abstract: In today's art jewelry design business for jewelry design style can be described as the composition of the various means different from many schools. However, the most wealth to the manifestations of the spirit of the times is the "point" of the composition of the application. Point the shape, direction, size, location, gathering, divergent, different combinations can bring feelings of psychological and artistic charm. This paper analyzes the business in recent years the art of jewelry design, "points" summarized the general expressions of three types: emphasis on uniform,Order to form the United States. Scatter the use of natural composition, access to changing the visual effect. Use a similar combination of grouping, show : jewelry design art form style charm"Point" in the meaning of geometry shows that the location not only have the size and direction, but in the design of composition, writing papers, "point" as one of modeling elements, but with the important role that can not be replaced. In ancient times human beings, "points" in the artefacts on the surface of decorative patterns have been received a lot of use now, designers continue to work the situation to "point" with the volatile and diverse portfolio, again with " point "that amazing artistic , emphasis on uniform. Order to form the United StatesThe order of the so-called flu, is a unity given works, and works reflect the beauty and impact, and thus bring a sense of a stable, smooth feel and sense to the order of the United States is a mode of feeling. It contains the same in size, the same interval, Wang Ping strict vertical mode. Although vulnerable to a single uniform, but背水一战, in the ultimate breakthrough in the pursuit of the same will produce outstanding works of great order of the United States is thought of rhythm. It contains the list of neat, clear and smooth combination of melody in. Significance of a simple but rich, but simple to write graduation thesis for the law, uniformity and repeatability in the work embodied in visual jewelry of the important principles: systematic and repeated, but also a law of formal beauty. They constitute an important factor in the order of the United States. Is organized so-called well-organized, regularly in the design of the screen for? Summary of finishing; repeatedly refers to the same image is similar to regular repeat order. Repeated with adjustment for individual units will also have the same rhythm as the music dynamic law, but also enable the monotonous change in form and color has become fun. For example, we have come in contact with the second side row, row order of the United States the use of this work is typical of this classic design from Tifany. Modeling the overall decoration is simple and eye-catching, the horizontalPoint method with applications such as distance to the decorative design of bracelet to order a complete sense of beauty presented in front of people. This "point" with spacing, etc. This bracelet design in the decoration will be the essence of Tifany creative and very relevant concept. Simple story line with a distinct clarity and calm aloof exciting move of God's gifted young. Harmony, proportion and well-organized in every towel Tifany designs have been a natural convergence. Figure (1) before and after work in the design of liner ring demonstrated the theme of this design concept, not a simple one-time duplication,Instead of using the two different points, the size of each portfolio, from the side view, the larger "point" in the group of the top of the smaller points so that the whole screen showing the movement of smallest sense, so that small freshman repeated changes in the same shape and color of the repeat order for the law, resulting in a simple, unified feel to the wearer brings a clear and profound impression on , the use of the natural scatter of the composition, access to the visual effect of changingUniform, as if a strong sense of rhythm of percussion, then scatter the beautiful composition is the melody string and wind music. Scatter constitute simple and orderly, rather than scattered and chaotic, lively and changeable. Rather appears as the designer for, it has created in the quiet of the visual rules of use of the two important additional factor is the tempo and rhythm. Refers to the rhythm of the original length of the beat music, used in jewelry design, the main point in the picture, line, surface, shape, color, size, weight, actual situation, the pace of change; and the rhythm of poetry in the original refers to the circumflex Dayton feeling generated by rubbing in the use of jewelry design, manifested in the various elements of style, under the premise of a unified style Figure (2) The design of the earring, the use of a near-natural style. "Points" to spend like the size of the same core design, structured, students write papers on behalf of irregular shape were suspended in the air. Imitation earring flower shape is very realistic, with silver flower production, flower production of the core with a circular coral reef. Spent batteries were in the form of point-like flow distribution, vary with each other in an orderly, very natural, without affectation, and a natural modal performance thoroughly, bringing the enjoyment of a wonderful (3) the work is the Hong Kong Jewelry Design Competition winning entries in a design theme inspired by the fireworks. Fun as splendid fireworks, as posed by the law of scatter is also rich and varied. This design style obviously stringent than romantic, then scatter the way constitute the most appropriate. We work to analyze changes in the composition of scatter: The bracelets with diamond material points of the organizations do with irregular, free-form, dotted with well-like, large or small, or to penetrate or highlights. Light reflects colorful diamonds color of fire, crystal clear and gorgeous, so that people think of a brilliant sky overhead, theTo different forms of fireworks in the ongoing release of combustion Chan, has a strong contrast, Figure (4) used in the design of works of scatter it is constituted of a subtle and rational. Designers seem to be scattered pearls carelessly will arrange the desktop, but with the density separation, color coordinated with all the designer can feel is the result of precision calculations. Works to constitute the main points of the spherical, large and small, individual units arranged in an orderly manner, during which the beating of the color or deep or shallow, with echoes of individual units, the proportion of pine has tight line from a point to a reasonable expression of a pearl subtle elegant temperament, China and the United States revealed in , use a similar combination of grouping, show style"Point" is not confined to the shape of a circle, it can be square, triangular, rectangular and irregular-shaped and so on. However, the size of its area, it is necessary to limit the "point" of the visual effects within the scope of. In a network such as the interval to a particular unit or group of dots, for the other transformation of the shape of one or a few, this approach is known as the grouping of similar composition. Grouping of similar features of a unified portfolio changes among for every quarter are new design elements, from the flowers, butterflies into strange geometric patterns have, and this season especially in accessories, as well as a variety of ring-shaped grouping of similar combinations for the latest focus of Figure (5-7) by show. Master's thesis writing and the past, this season is no longer simply to emphasize the ring, but that it is good to be different materials, different elements of the combination of gloss to make it with modern design. Decorative patterns are dots, square-point, diamond point, cross a variety of patterns, such as grouping similar combination of shape-based, uniformly distributed in the main line of the chain. Materials used are rubber, pearl, metal, glass, sum up, we can easily find designer jewelry are endless excavation to the "point" of artistic expression and influence. Precisely because of this, "point" has come to an end any more of the artistic expression and influence. Hopefully, our attention to jewelry design workers "point" of this basic design elements inspired to record their activities in the arts of thinking that the concept of instantaneous flash.

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