国外研究中美文化的论文

Diet Culture difference between China and America.（中美饮食文化的差异）这篇可以参考：）~ The main difference between Chinese and America eating habits is that unlike, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (. four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish. A typical meal starts with some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy "staple" food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on. ╮(╯_╰)╭ 给分 给分采纳哦

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

文化差异(Culture Difference):种族 National race The whole question of the changing role of Blacks in American society as been the subject of newspaper articles around the world so frequently that visitors to the United States do not know what to expect when they arrive. They may be surprised when they see that Blacks and Whites work side by side in offices , factories , and schools across the country . The majority of Blacks in the United States, however, live in and around only a small number of American cities. Many dark-skinned visitors arrive in the United States fearing personal attack or expecting various degrees of racial prejudice. Some forms of discrimination [1] still exist ,unfortunately, especially in the areas of the housing , schools , and jobs . The school equality is still more a dream than a reality. There are still too many areas of the country where Black Americans do not enjoy the same full opportunities as White Americans . However, the vast majority of American s are working , studying , and sharing public places together. This was not true even a few years ago in some parts of the country , but progress is steadily being made . You will be able to observe the improvement in race relations as soon as your plane lands . You will see it in the airport, in public buses and trains , in theaters , restaurants , rest room, in sops and libraries , in offices and factories . Close personal friendships between Blacks and Whites , full trust and social relationships are still not common , except in certain areas, However, even in this - the slowest area of progress-there has been change , especially among young people. [1] discrimination n. 辨别, 区别, 识别力, 辨别力, 歧视 Excerpted from " A Guide to . ", edited by Li Yang, Li Yi, published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Culture Difference 发表日期：2005-04-22 10:58:52 作者：洪恩在线 It is not a novel knowledge that culture difference exists between eastern and w estern countries. But not until I heard the lecture given by a Chinese scholar, who has been lived in Australia for several years, did I came to understand that how different it is. The scholar summarized that we, as Chinese, prefer to think in a spiral, casual way, while western people, more often than not, are fond of a linear, business-i s-business way. Supporting the idea, he named out examples he himself experience d while staying in Australia. Here are some excerpts. Firstly, line up matter. If you are in China, it is not rare to see that a crowd of people throng in the supermarket, trying to get service first. People in Ch ina do line up, the scholar said in a humorous tone, but they prefer to line up at a horizontal way. In contrast, in western countries, say, in Australia, people always line up, no matter in a big bank or a small grocery store. And they take it for granted. Lin ing up has long since become part of their life that they scarcely doubt it or g row impatient while doing it. Secondly, first come, first served. Though in words it is a normal principle her e in China, it’s mostly not the case in reality. Take an example of what usuall y happens in a bank. Here when we are in a middle-sized bank, and suppose we are talking with the cashier, it always tends to have someone butt in, claiming tha t his or her request takes only one second. And it seems that we have already been accustomed to it. So has the cashier. But in western countries, it never applies. It is always rude that you butt in whil e the cashier is serving his customer. No matter how little time your request co sts, the cashier, more often than not, is likely to turn you down. Only one cust omer at a time is his principle. Thirdly, change stuff. Suppose I am in a shopping mall and the stuff I purchase cost me 142 RMB. While lining up at the casher’s and happening to check my wall et, I find I have 200 RMB and two one-yuan coins. What will I do? To give the ca shier 200 RMB, or give him 200 RMB and the two one-yuan coins so that he could r eturn me 60 RMB, which is more convenient for both of us. I think when the Chinese were in this situation, they would mostly choose the la tter one. But the scholar said, in Australia, they won’t do so. He then told th at he himself did try it once, and he thought it was self-evident to do so. But the cashier did not understand. So the scholar latter on summarized that western people are prone to lack of fle xibility while doing their work. Then how about us in their eyes? They think we Chinese have a tendency to make things complicate. What an interesting contrast! Here I don’t intend to tell which is better and which is worse. What I try to s ay is just that we might well be in conformity with the customs and be aware of the culture differences while being abroad. Like the saying goes—while you are in Rome, do as Romans do. If you don’t want to put yourself in the public, bear ing all this in mind is perhaps the best policy. Caroline This article has been read by 276 persons. Copyright: This article was written by caroline. and first posted in HongEn online. The author owns the copyright, and HongEn online owns the right of using it. Any other unit or individual should get the author's approval before using, repasting or quoting. The author will assume all the civil and penal responsibility, directly or indirectly caused by posting the article. The SYSOPs and board masters have the right to reserve or delete the article. Reply|Digest|Return|Search Replied Articles Title Author Size Post Time Grade Re：Culture Difference tdeanxx(Tim) 1K 01:19 Dear Caroline, I think your scholar friend spent several years in Australia and completely miss ed the most important value represented in his examples. That value is egalitar ianism. The principle that people should be treated equally. When the bank teller insists on attending one customer at a time the principle i s not "only one customer at a time" it is "this customer waited in line and so w ill you, no matter how tall, how well dressed or how loud your voice." And you can be sure if the customer is a poor working man and the impatient man is a wel l dressed business man, the customer will very bruskly insist on his rights not to be interrupted. A well run bank will have a customer service person who can answer questions, but people doing transactions must wait their turn. My impres sion of a business or a nation where people are not treated equally in the marke tplace and a bully can obtain service without waiting is a place where there is a class oriented culture and/or where one can bribe one …………[文章太长，没有全部显示，点击本文标题阅读全文] Re：Culture Difference caroline.(caroline) 2K 12:25 Dear Tim, The lecture given by the scholar is mainly on English learning. That's for he na med such examples. He just aimed to tell the audience how important to understan d a culture is, which is different from our motherland. What you said is indeed right. And I am with you on this. The corruption in Chi na is rampant these years, you relate it with class. Well, I haven't thought abo ut it. But I do agree that the idea of class roots in many people's mind. Like the example you took in the article, I almost could be sure that here the c ashier would definitely turn to the well dressed business man. You say that the poor working man will insist on his rigts not to be interrupted. But here I gues s he would just pretend not to mind it and let it be. I myself experienced this once, in fact. Once I was in a post office to have a p ackage posted. You know, it was crowded inside and the people lined up in a wayw ard way. So when it was my turn, and when I was just about to tell the man my re quest, one guy …………[文章太长，没有全部显示，点击本文标题阅读全文] Re：Culture Difference panpanpan 210 08:32 You've got a sharp eye for the human conditions, Tim. -- Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back. Learning is like sailing a boat against the current; it either advances or retre ats. Re：Culture Difference tdeanxx(Tim) 351 12:47 Dear Panpanpan, I wouldn't have written in such a non-diplomatic fashion except that I wanted to see what people thought, and that sort of behavior is particularly irritating t o me. I will try not to lose my temper when I am in China. I don't want to get "kung fu'd". Great to hear from you, friend. I want to hear more of your thou ghts. Tim Re：Culture Difference smdyfc(Dont happy) 263 18:05 English is so good!Do you announce some articles more again?Did you graduate?Wor ker, should have of, all of you have brains!Can come to our company to work? -- Power is everything!!Falling behind would be beaten!! I'm never,never,never,never give up!!! Re：Culture Difference spoilme(maple) 804 06:02 "Thirdly, change stuff. Suppose I am in a shopping mall and the stuff I purchase cost me 142 RMB. While lining up at the casher’s and happening to check my wal let, I find I have 200 RMB and two one-yuan coins. What will I do? To give the c ashier 200 RMB, or give him 200 RMB and the two one-yuan coins so that he could return me 60 RMB, which is more convenient for both of us. I think when the Chinese were in this situation, they would mostly choose the la tter one. But the scholar said, in Australia, they won’t do so. He then told th at he himself did try it once, and he thought it was self-evident to do so. But the cashier did not understand. " It won't happen in New York. Maybe the cashers in NY are smarter. :) -- Be not afraid of going slowly, be afraid only of standing still.参考一下Diet Culture difference between China and America.（中美饮食文化的差异）这篇也可以参考一下The main difference between Chinese and America eating habits is that unlike, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (. four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish. A typical meal starts with some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy "staple" food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on