有关中美本科毕业论文

中美关系走向——形势与政策试论文回顾50多年来中国的对美政策和中美关系发展的历史，双方既有尖锐的对立，也有真诚的合作。冷战后的中美关系也曾经出现了多次起伏和危机，但是中美关系并未破裂，反而加深了。其深刻的原因就在于，中美之间存在着许多共同的战略利益。美国是世界上最大的发达国家，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，两国对亚洲和世界局势的发展都有重要影响。在新的国际形势下，中美之间在许多全球性和区域性的重大问题上具有共同利益，存在着广泛的合作基础，中美经济合作的前景更是不可限量。因此，展望21世纪的中美关系，我们有理由表示审慎的乐观。当然，影响两国关系的负面因素也不容忽视，诸如人权问题、贸易问题、军售问题和台湾问题等，其中台湾问题事关中国的主权和领土完整，是影响中美关系改善和发展的最大障碍，也是最容易导致中美两国发生直接冲突的敏感问题。然而，只要中美双方能够站在历史的高度，用战略的眼光来处理中美关系，在中美3个联合公报的基础上审视和处理台湾问题，中美关系就会沿着健康的轨道顺利前进。中美关系是当今世界上最重要的双边关系之一。从历史上看，影响中美关系的因素很多，诸如国际格局、经济和意识形态、地缘政治和国家利益以及彼此处理双边关系的政策等等。其中彼此处理双边关系的政策在中美关系中具有举足轻重的地位和影响。纵观70年代以来，运用史学和国际关系 学学科渗透的方法来分析中国对美政策的缘起、变化和发展，及其对各个时期中美关系的影响。稳定同美国关系，是中国外交的关键。近年来，中美关系中的合作关系越来越多，越来越广泛；但是，这并不意味着中美关系的发展越来越和谐。美国是当今最大的发达国家，在世界舞台居于权力中心。从中国建国以来，美国一直在多方面遏止中国，企图通过经济、军事、外交等手段阻碍中国经济发展，其中的原因不难理解。尤其在近几年，中国的经济增长率一直为其他国家所震惊，而中国本身所拥有的庞大的市场，又成为了中国经济发展有利的依托平台。在这样一个为诸多国家眼红的平台上，中国的经济将会持续、高速的增长将是不争的事实。而随着经济的增长，中国的军事、科技水平也在突飞猛进。这一切迫使美国不得不将中国作为阻碍其在实现全球霸权主义统治的一个强劲的对手。并且，在台湾问题上，美国虽然没有明确表态将台湾划进美日联合防御范围，但从其模糊描述的背后不难看出，中国台湾乃至中国大陆早就是美国窥视以久的土地。对于中美关系，应坚守中美三个联合公报的框架，在当前国际形势下为我国经济求得稳定，高速的发展空间。中美双方经贸关系密切，在许多方面存在着共同利益。中美关系非常复杂，必须处理好。中国外交的很多工作都是围绕这个问题展开的。 我们首先应该看到和明白几点： 1 机遇来自全球化这个国际背景， 美国有求于中国的面上升 2 双方在安全关切上既有交叉点又有不同点 3 并不是说美国不把中国当做潜在对手了 4 美国必须在台湾“统独”问题上作出抉择 纵观历史分析当前中国对美政策应循之道“变”与“不变”是50多年来中国外交发展过程中对立统一的两个方面。一方面，随着国际形势的变化，中国外交经历了几次大的战略调整；另一方面，独立自主的和平外交政策始终贯穿其中。中国外交的基本内容正是在这种变与不变中不断充实、发展和完善的，在不同的时期，以不同的方式展示了中国外交独特而又丰富的内涵和风格。“变”是与时俱进的要求和表现，更是在不同国内外环境下更好地谋求国家利益的需要。而“不变”则包含两个方面的内容，一是有意识继承的部分，表现为连续性；另一部分则是不愿继承、希望改变的内容，但由于不同的原因，历史上的政策对决策者或大众心理有巨大影响，使现有政策有意无意地保持了原来政策的某些内容、某些宣示、某些态势或倾向，表现为外交政策的“惯性”。“变”突出了中国外交的特点，而“不变”在很多方面已经成为制约和影响中国外交的消极因素形势已经发生了变化，政策已经不是原来的政策，援助也与以往大不相同，但我国的对外政策宣示仍然把八项原则作为中国对外援助的指导思想，实际上这也是一种惯性的表现

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Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。