桥梁毕业论文英文

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“superstructure”是上层建筑意思，既然是上层建筑那肯定关于房屋，肯定离不开房屋，所以房屋也包含在了里面，我是这么认为的。因为英文和中文是有很大区别的。摘要1、Firstly, according to the relevant specifications for the design of the upper structure, then carries on the load 、Then according to the load bearing capacity of wall internal force analysis and calculation, the ratio of height to thickness calculation of 、Then according to the bearing selection and arrangement of the fulcrum is the representative value of the gravity load, seismic checking the upper structure bearing capacity of the bottom shear 、Checking and finally support horizontal displacement of isolation based on bearing performance.

[bì yè lùn wén]毕业论文毕业论文，泛指专科毕业论文、本科毕业论文（学士学位毕业论文）、硕士研究生毕业论文（硕士学位论文）、博士研究生毕业论文（博士学位论文）等，即需要在学业完成前写作并提交的论文，是教学或科研活动的重要组成部分之一。毕业论文的基本教学要求是：1、培养学生综合运用、巩固与扩展所学的基础理论和专业知识，培养学生独立分析、解决实际问题能力、培养学生处理数据和信息的能力。2、培养学生正确的理论联系实际的工作作风，严肃认真的科学态度。3、培养学生进行社会调查研究；文献资料收集、阅读和整理、使用；提出论点、综合论证、总结写作等基本技能。毕业论文是毕业生总结性的独立作业，是学生运用在校学习的基本知识和基础理论，去分析、解决一两个实际问题的实践锻炼过程，也是学生在校学习期间学习成果的综合性总结，是整个教学活动中不可缺少的重要环节。撰写毕业论文对于培养学生初步的科学研究能力，提高其综合运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题能力有着重要意义。毕业论文在进行编写的过程中，需要经过开题报告、论文编写、论文上交评定、论文答辩以及论文评分五个过程，其中开题报告是论文进行的最重要的一个过程，也是论文能否进行的一个重要指标。

Introduction Financial illusions are almost as old as finances, and since evil (or what is perceived as evil) is often more interesting than good, their telling has always been fascinating. The term "financial illusion" simply refers to an institution that is not what it appears to be or purports to be to the world. Recent adventures such as those of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International are merely part of a long line of financial innovations that came to be perceived as contrary to the public interest. Of necessity, however, this will be a short treatment of a broad subject. A representative sample must stand in for all of their brethren: John Law’s Mississippi Bubble; the Boston Ponzi scheme; the IOS affair of the 1970s; and BCCI. The significance of these events lies in their similarity rather than in their differences. In each case the ethical problems are not clear, the main query being at what point did the enterprise cross the boundary between the allowable and the undesirable? The differences between them are more a matter of degree than of kind...