李曼医学论文

课程网站是信息技术在教育教学工作中的一种重要应用形式。据国家精品课程资源中心统计，截止2011年5月，仅精品课程网站就有24446门，访问数达到11615023人次。然而，其中持续访问的用户一直低于50％，交互率（用户之间的网络互动）也持续低于5．43％，这表明用户几乎不在课程网站上交流，对课程网站也是偶尔使用，这远不能达到自主学习、协作学习、提高教学质量之目的。事实上，现有的课程网站，尤其是精品课程网站大都是为了立项评审而匆忙建成，缺乏特色，对用户（主要指学生）的认知水平和接受行为缺乏分析，难以引起使用兴趣，没有真正成为用户展开自主性学习的理想平台。目前，理论界的研究主要集中于版块设计的相关方面。例如，傅杨武以《化学反应工程》为例，从课程网站设计的角度指出课程网站在界面设计、网站设计以及网站资源等的建设方面应遵循的、页面设计等方面探讨了校园网环境下课程网站的设计开发。因课程网站具有共享性，李曼便提出课程网站共建的概念，基于联盟理论，指出课程网站共建可从共享、参与和竞争三方面促进教学质量的提高，并分析了课程网站共建中应注意的问题；Course website is an important applicationin the form of education and teaching work of information technology. Accordingto the National Quality Course Resource Centerstatistics until the end of May 2011, only 24,446 of which had excellent coursewebsite, accessing to reach 11,615,023 internet passengers. However, the user'songoing access to which has been below 50%, and the interaction rate (networkinteraction between users) are consistently below , which indicates thatthe user hardly communicate on the course website. The website of the course isalso occasionally used, which is far from able to achieve self-learning andcollaborative learning, the purpose of improving the quality of teaching. Infact, the existing curriculum website, especially Courses website mostly lackof project evaluation and hastily built, which lead to the lack of features,the lack of analysis of the users (mainly students) and receiving cognitivebehavioral level. Due to the use of interest, It is difficult to Expand theideal platform for users to become autonomous learning. In the meantime, theresearch community focused on the theoretical aspects related to the designforum. For example, Fu Yang Wu takes the "Chemical Reaction Engineering"as an example. From the perspective of the course website, design coursewebsite noted in building interface design, website design and websiteresources should follow page design and other aspects discussed in the campusnetwork course website. Based on course website sharing, Lehman has proposed tobuild the course website concept, the theory -based coalition pointed out tobuild a course website, which can promote the quality of teaching with sharing,participation and competition in three areas. What is more, the course siteshould pay attention to the issue.同时，李曼还从公共产品的视角指出课程网站的维护应加强制度设计和成员激励，引导资源合理配置，发挥团队的整体效应。然而，目前这些研究都缺乏运用实证研究的方法来关注用户的诉求点，并对用户的接受行为进行实证研究分析。因为从用户角度出发运用实证方法研究课程网站应有的特性，不仅可以补充完善理论界对课程网站的研究，还可以贴近用户，准确把握用户接受课程网站的影响因素，吸引用户有效、持续使用下去，解决目前用户持续使用率低、交互率低等问题，以达到提高教学质量的目的。鉴此，笔者结合课程网站的交互性特点，在技术接受模型和交互理论的基础上，构建影响用户使用意愿的关系模型，运用结构方程模型对假设进行验证，并由此提出课程网站建设对策，希望能够充分发挥课程网站在现代教育教学中的重要作用。In the meanwhile, Lehman also noted thatthe course Web site design and maintenance of the system should be strengthenedto motivate members to guide the rational allocation of resources, and to playa team from the perspective of the overall effect of public goods. However,these studies lacking of use of empirical research methods to focus on theuser's selling point has empirical research and analysis to accept the behaviorof the user. From the user's point of view, the use of empirical researchmethods course website should feature not only complements studies theoristscourse site, but also close to the user, who accepts an accurate grasp of thefactors affecting the course Web site. To effectively attract users to continueusing its solution, and to use the low interaction rate and other issues inorder to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of teaching. In view ofthis, the author of the course website interactivity features in the base modeland interactive technology acceptance theory try to build the relational model affectingthe user wishes, and using structural equation modeling hypotheses. As aresult, website courses are wanted to be able to fully play an important rolein modern education course website teaching.（一）结论(I) Conclusion本研究的目的主要是探讨影响用户使用课程网站的因素，在技术接受模型的基础上建立了课程网站接受模型，并对模型中有关12个假设进行了实证检验。研究结果：表明用户认知（感知有用性、感知易用性和环境认同）与行为态度正相关，感知有用性和环境认同与使用意向正相关，感知易用性正向影响感知有用性，课程网站的知识性与感知有用性正相关，课程网站的娱乐性和交互性分别与感知易用性和环境认同正相关。根据本文的研究结果，笔者可以对我国大学生课程网站的建设提出几点建议：The purpose ofthis study was to investigate the factors that influence users to use thecourse website, which established a course website acceptance model based onthe technology acceptance model, and talked about 12 assuming empirical testmodel. The results indicate user awareness (perceived usefulness, perceivedease of use and environmental identity) positively correlated with the behaviorand attitude, perceived usefulness and environmental recognition and positivecorrelation between the use of intention, perceived ease of use positivelyinfluence perceived usefulness, curriculum site informative and perceivedusefulness positively correlated course website, which interactiveentertainment positively correlated with perceived ease of use, andenvironmental identity, respectively. Based on the findings of this article,the author can make college courses on the construction site with a fewsuggestions:1.充分利用多媒体技术，营造轻松学习环境目前大部分的课程网页以静态方式展现，其组织方式也是现行的，教学内容的呈现主要有两种方式：1. Making full useof multimedia technology to create a relaxed learning environment at presentmost of the course web statically show, which is also the current organization,and teaching content presented mainly in two ways:（1）文本和静态图像：这种方式相当于书本的生硬搬家；(1) text and static images: This method isequivalent to the book blunt move;（2）PowerPoint讲稿：直接将教师的PowerPoint 演示文件放到网上，趣味性明显不强。网站建设者应当改进课程网站网页外观设计，通过合理的色彩搭配和清晰的页面布局，突出课程网站的特色风格。同时，借助视频、动画和声音等多种媒介制作生动形象的多媒体教学资源进行知识传授。这样不仅能够加深用户对知识的理解和认识，而且能够营造出轻松愉快的学习氛围，吸引用户主动投身课程网站的学习中。Website builderprograms should improve Web site design with reasonable and clear colors pagelayout, highlighting the course website features style. Meanwhile, with avariety of media video, animation, and sound production vivid multimediateaching resources for knowledge transfer. So the user can not only deepenunderstanding of knowledge and recognition, but also to create a pleasantlearning atmosphere to attract users to actively participate in the learningprogram .提供强大的交互功能，培养网络学习习惯理想的课程网站应能够根据用户的知识结构、学习情况，动态生成学习内容。这就要求课程网站具有强大的交互功能。网站除了能够提供实时的课件点播外，还必须注重多种交互方式，如电子邮件、讨论区、BBS、在线答疑等功能。以此同时，还应该利用各种方法、渠道宣传网站，鼓励学生用户利用网站进行学习交流或讨论问题，培养学生网络学习的习惯，使他们逐渐能够独立自主地安排学习进度、学习时间和学习内容，自主完成学习任务。2. Ideal web siteshould be able to base on the user's knowledge, learning content dynamicallygenerated program structure, provides powerful interactive features and developstudy habits. This requires the course website possess powerful interactivefeatures. In addition to providing real-time website courseware on demand, the websitealso should pay attention to a variety of interaction, such as email,discussion forums, BBS, online Q and other functions. In the same time, youshould also use a variety of methods, channels promotional site, users use thesite to encourage students to communicate or discuss issues of learning,students online learning habits so that they can independently arrangegradually learning progress, learning time and learning content, completeautonomy learning .构建立体化教学资源，设立专人负责网站的发展充分利用课程网站容量特点拓展课程，对各种教学资源进行整合，利用超链接的方式，将各种媒体组成立体化网络教材，教材内容与课程内容紧密结合，为用户创建一个立体化教学资源库，从而开拓用户视野。此外，为了增加课程网站的知识性和网站活力，网站内容必须定期进行更新。可以考虑指派每学期该课程的主要任课教师作为该时期网站内容更新的主要负责人，设立专人负责课程网站内容的定期更新，定期发布课程相关资料（如习题、试卷、音视频课件等），坚持教师定时在线答疑。这样，既可以保证用户从网站上获取该课程知识的最新动态，又能够让课程教授者及时获得用户反馈，更好地把握学习者的学习动态从而提供更有针对性的指导，提高教学质量。另外，从用户个体的感知和情感角度出发点，课程网站的建设应更加注重人性化设计，内容更加通俗易懂、贴合实际，从而提高用户对课程网站整体的认同感。同时提高课程网站系统的适应性，为学习者提供量身定做的学习内容，对于提高网站使用效果具有重要作用。3. The constructionof three-dimensional teaching resources，and theestablishment of the personal responsible for the site 's development programstake full advantage of the characteristics of the site capacity expansionprograms , and the integration of a variety of teaching resources , and the useof hyperlinks way , and the three-dimensional network consist of a variety ofmedia materials, teaching materials and course content closely, creating athree-dimensional teaching resources for users, thus opening up a userperspective. In addition, in order to increase the site's informative programsand websites vitality, website content must be regularly updated. The website canconsider each semester the course of the period as a web content updates, and themain classroom teachers assigned main person responsible for the establishmentof the person , who is responsible for the course website content which isregularly updated ( such as exercises, papers, audio and video courseware ,etc. ). In this way, you can ensure that users get the latest knowledge from thesite of the course, but also to allow timely access to course instructors userto feedback, to better grasp the learning dynamic learners, and to provide moretargeted guidance to improve the quality of teaching. In addition, from theperspective of the individual user perception and emotional starting point,building courses should focus more on the website user-friendly design, becausethe content is more user-friendly, thus improving the overall user identity tothe course website . While improving the adaptability of the course websitesystem to provide learning content tailored for learners, improving the siteuses effects play an important role.（二）研究局限和未来研究方向(II) Study limitations and future researchdirections使用课程网站辅助学习作为一种行为现象已经引起广大学者的普遍关注，本研究的贡献在于考虑到了课程网站的特点而将用户方面的环境认同因素，以及课程网站的特性因素整合进技术接受模型，从而对用户的课程网站使用意图进行了预测和验证，以便更好地指导课程网站的建设，推进相关课程建设的健康深入的发展。本研究亦有不足之处，主要表现在：首先，在样本选取方面仅以部分高校用户为参考还不足以代表整个中国的实际情况；其次，研究对象仅限于学生群体，没有考虑到教师等其他用户；最后，影响课程网站使用意图的网站方面的因素还有许多如信息的时效性，网站的开放性等，这些重要影响因素的遗漏造成了研究结论的遗憾。通过本文的研究，笔者希望能够起到抛砖引玉的效果，使得更多的研究者能够从其他不同的研究视角重新审视课程网站。使用行为发生的前因与过程，并积极有效地实践教育技术研究课题的实证过程。T