医学杂志英文阅读

一般来说需要你在手机上下载翻译软件这样可以让你省下很多力气，在软件辅助帮助下，完成阅读或者请求医科大学外语系人员帮助解读这样也可以省下很多力气

英文参考文献引用格式有两种：APA格式和MLA格式。

1、APA格式：APA（American Psychological Association）是一种标明参考来源的格式，主要使用在社会科学领域及其他学术准则中，国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。

APA文内注的参考文献格式是：“（作者姓氏，发表年份）”。

APA文末的参考文献目录格式是：Reference List, 必须以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：

期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数：起止页码】Smith,J.（2006）.The title of the title of Journal,1,101-105。

非期刊类：【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】.（2002）.What computers can't York:Harp&Row。

2、MLA格式：MLA是美国现代语言协会（Modern Language Association）制定的论文指导格式，多用于人文学科（Liberal Arts）。

MLA文内注的基本格式：“（作者姓氏，文献页码）”。

MLA文末的参考文献目录格式：在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,同样是以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，基本结构为：

期刊类：【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】Nwezeh,.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature 28(1979):22。

非期刊类：【作者】【书籍名】【出版地：出版社】【发表年份】Winfield,Richard in Civil of Wisconsin P,1995。

文献引用不符合要求具体表现是：

1、所列文献范围过宽，凡所参阅过的均列出其中，如教材、内部刊物、获奖过但并未公开发表的成果报告等。

2、所列文献过多，如有些医生认为文献越多越好，将参阅过的文章书籍后的参考文献也悉数收录，有些文献作者并没有亲自阅读，只是认为跟自己的文章搭点边，也凑数其后。

3、所列文献过少，有些医生怕自己文章引述别人东西太多，被人认为抄袭，故意将一些重要参考文献略去。

4、对文献的理解偏面，以为只有引用文献原文才需要列出。

5、大而不当，将整期刊物甚至连续几期杂志或整张报纸作为参考文献。

原文发表于“创见考研”宫中号

原文发表于“创见考研”宫中号

什么是英文时文

选取原刊载于各大英文报刊杂志的时事新闻和有趣的文章，如华盛顿邮报、国家地理杂志、经济学人等，文章难度与考研真题相差不多。

英文时文阅读004

By Washington Post, adapted by Newsela staff

Published:04/01/2020

难度：（满分10分）      字数:830

本篇文章的阅读难度主要是医学专业名词较多，很多考研真题文章也是如此。

You're mostly stuck inside, you are home from school and the coronavirus pandemic is making the future seem less certain by the day. The coronavirus is a flu-like illness that first arose in China. The virus has now infected people around the globe. Like 27 percent of Americans, you might seek comfort in a familiar place: the refrigerator.

Food can be one of the easiest and most immediate ways to make ourselves feel better in stressful times. While enjoying our food is a good thing, experts say emotionally eating lots of food with little nutritional value can weaken our immune systems and worsen our moods at a time when it's especially important to stay positive and protect our bodies.

"If we want to be able to feel better, given the situation that we're in, we have to think about how we want to fuel our body in ways that we can stay more at ease," said Eva Selhub, a doctor with expertise in stress, resilience and mind-body medicine.

Why do my eating habits matter right now?

Selhub says that people may feel guilty or shameful for eating highly processed foods with a lot of sugar. Eating these foods can also cause inflammation in the body that increases fatigue, anxiety and depression. Selhub added that our bodies have various ways of connecting our stomachs to our brains, so eating nutritious foods can help control our moods.

How can I tell if I'm eating because of emotion and not because of hunger?

Eating as a result of stress tends to be an automatic instinct, such as putting your hand into a bag of potato chips without thinking about it, said Deanna Minich, a nutritionist with the American Nutrition Association. By contrast, physical hunger lasts longer and can be resolved with a variety of foods, rather than just foods with little nutrition.

How can I prevent or limit emotional eating in this uncertain time?

Food makes us feel better by releasing two chemicals called dopamine and serotonin in our brains. The release of these chemicals creates a feeling of pleasure, but Selhub says the effect wears off quickly. To stop emotional eating, she suggested doing a gut-check before you reach for a snack. Ask yourself, "Am I about to eat because I'm physically hungry, or because I feel stressed or sad?"

If the answer is the latter, Selhub said you should consider turning to other sources of comfort. Try breathing exercises, movement, spirituality, social interactions, hobbies or time in nature, which can all help relieve those feelings. Stick to your normal eating schedule of two or three meals a day, even if your daily routine has changed, she said.

"Whether you're alone or with other people, make it a ritual of nurturing —  that you're nurturing yourself, that you're fueling yourself," Selhub said.

If you want extra help for staying on track or managing your weight, Selhub suggests finding or making an online support group.

What if anxiety has the opposite effect on me and I struggle to eat enough?

Although many people eat extra when they feel anxious, you may have trouble eating at all. Stress can put your body into an elevated state as if you were facing an immediate danger, such as early humans may have felt when being chased by a lion, Selhub said.

To digest food properly, we need a relaxed digestive system, Minich said. Warm teas can help your body loosen up, while protein shakes and electrolyte packets provide energy.

At the very least, Minich said you should drink a lot of water to stay hydrated. To return to regular eating patterns, though, she said it's important to address the underlying stress by physically moving or doing a simple meditation.

What should I be trying to eat during this public-health crisis?

Making good food choices starts when you're scanning the grocery-store shelves and deciding what to take home, Minich said. Buy fresh, colorful foods as much as possible, she said.

If buying fresh produce and meat is not possible, Minich says frozen foods are usually more nutritious than canned food. Frozen food is preserved in close to its original state and usually has little interaction with the plastic it's stored in, she said. Canned food, on the other hand, touches its metal container and the plasticizer used to seal it. Canned food is also usually stored in a high-salt or high-sugar solution.

Minich also suggested using spices to reduce inflammation caused by stress and eating foods with vitamin C to strengthen your immune system. Now is a good time to share recipes with friends and family, she said. Make sure you're also paying attention to other aspects of your health, such as moving your body and getting enough sleep.

Ultimately, Minich said eating well improves our sense of well-being, increases our curiosity and makes us happier.

"And I think this is the time that we need more well-being and happiness," she said.

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