• 回答数

    2

  • 浏览数

    244

王子恭贺
首页 > 医学论文 > 糖尿病优秀英文论文

2个回答 默认排序
  • 默认排序
  • 按时间排序

彩衣girl

已采纳

老年糖尿病患者的自我管理能力研究进展摘要:糖尿病随着近年来生活水平的不断提高,糖尿病的患者几乎成为了中国患者的主流。而糖尿病的危害也在日趋严重,它可能会导致以酮症酸中毒为代表的急性并发症和慢性并发症,包括整个视网膜的病变和神经病变,有血管病变引起的下肢截瘫等严重后遗症。本文从糖尿病的病因切入,了解糖尿病的爆发原因以及临床症状,社会发展糖尿病的分类的具体化,不同类型的不同表现与原因。普及糖尿病临床的治疗方法与注意事项,更是强调糖尿病患者自我护理的重要性,对此,我们对于糖尿病未来的预防和治疗,要更加的努力钻研。关键词:糖尿病自我管理、糖尿病分类、防治方式、未来展望Abstract: With the continuous improvement of living standards in recent years, diabetes patients have almost become the mainstream of Chinese patients. The harm of diabetes is becoming more and more serious. It may lead to acute complications and chronic complications such as ketoacidosis, including retinopathy and neuropathy, paraplegia caused by vascular diseases and other serious sequelae. This article starts from the etiology of diabetes, to understand the causes of the outbreak of diabetes and clinical symptoms, the classification of social development diabetes, different types of different manifestations and causes. To popularize the clinical treatment methods and precautions of diabetes, we should emphasize the importance of self-care of diabetes patients. For this, we should make more efforts to study the prevention and treatment of diabetes in the words: diabetes self-management; diabetes classification; prevention and treatment; future prospect目录1糖尿病病因以及患病比率.....................型糖尿病....................................型糖尿病...................................遗传易感性....................................胰岛素抵抗(IR)和B细胞的功能缺陷.............糖耐量降低(TGP)和空腹血糖.....................临床糖尿病....................................妊娠糖尿病等等...............................63非科学性糖尿病自我管理的列举和纠正..........认识错误.....................................饮食问题..................................... 运动问题..................................... 心理健康.....................................84糖尿病自我管理的重要性和展望.................95糖尿病自我管理不当对老年人的生活响..........10老年人是指步入65岁之后的群体,不同于青壮年时期的身姿矫健,老年人在身体的各个部分都出现了难以逆转的损伤,生理机能逐渐退化,列如消化系统和代谢功能的衰退。由于老年人身体素质的羸弱,增大了老年人患病的几率,尤其是在老年人群体中高发病率的糖尿病患病率首当其冲,每年患糖尿病的老人人数占老年人总人口数量的26%,且这个数据近几年不断上涨,更加醒目的数据是每年大约有近130万老年人由于糖尿病去世。随着老年人生活质量的提高和运动量的减弱,糖尿病的患病率[1]不可小觑,况且糖尿病对不少的老人造成了极大的身心痛苦,也对这些家庭有着不小的经济负担。然而糖尿病此类慢性病,一蹴而就的治疗方式并不存在,它更大程度上要求老年人的自律和自我健康管控,需要长此以往的进行与糖尿病的斗争。一、糖尿病病因以及患病比率糖尿病是一种以高血糖为主要特征的代谢性疾病群,由于胰岛素的分泌绝对不足或者相对不足,引起的机体血糖升高的一系列代谢性疾病。患有糖尿病之后具有一些典型特征:多尿、多饮、多食与体重减轻之类,这些方法是判断老年人是否患糖尿病的一个参考方法。准确的检验和判断老年人是否换糖尿病的方法有三种,第一种是连续检测两次老年人空腹静脉血糖,观察是否大于等于,第二种是观察老年人餐后血糖大于等于 / l ,最后一种是老年人血糖不论任何时候都大于等于 / l 。老年人一旦出现以上三种检测结果,应立即就医,谨遵医嘱,做到及早发现及早治疗。同时,胰岛素是从胰岛素原分解的,每当一个胰岛素分子产出,同时一分子的C-肽也应运而生。C-肽能够检测自身胰岛素分泌的情况,对鉴别不同类型的糖尿病有极大的帮助。根据世界卫生组织的相关报告,2019年全世界约有亿人口患有糖尿病,其中中国糖尿病患者的人数就有亿,位居世界糖尿病患者人数之最。2008年我国的成人中糖尿病患者占据了,2010年上升至,多么触目惊心的证据,而且糖尿病患者的人数仍然日趋增长,基于此数据,有众多学者预测2030年,全球糖尿病患者将高达亿,2045年继续上涨,最有可能达到亿,这是一个怎样的概念呢?就2019年的数据计算大约11人中有1 人为糖尿病患者,而就2030年数据计算大概每9 人中将有1名患有糖尿病。2045年呢?长此以往糖尿病的可怕性不言而喻。而我们更应该清楚的知道糖尿病作为一种慢性疾病,治疗的难缠的会对患者家庭造成多大的经济困扰,会有越来越多的人和家庭由于糖尿病这个恶魔渐入困顿,甚至于分崩离析。糖尿病除去其自身病因的侵扰,不可忽略的是它多样的并发症,涉及之广小到糖尿病神经病变,大到心血管疾病等等,无法彻底根治。据现有资料分析、可得出结论,糖尿病患者中最终会由于各种原因,约15%的糖尿病患者将患发糖尿病足病,在这其中约80%的糖尿病足病患者可能由于此病导致截肢,而且糖尿病患者下肢截肢的危险性是非糖尿病患者的15倍以上[2]杜绝此类病情的主要方法就是本遍论文的研究重点和意义即糖尿病的全面认识和自我管理方式方法。二、糖尿病的分类糖尿病是肾上腺素分泌不足的一类统称。实际上糖尿病的分类可以大概分为三类。(一)1型糖尿病该类型的病因是由于胰岛B 细胞的破坏或者功能不完善造成的胰岛素分泌不足,从而产生的糖尿病酮症酸中毒。1型糖尿病是由于机体胰岛素分泌的绝对不足,所以治疗1型胰岛素口服药物完全无效,只能通过终生注射胰岛素来对人体进行胰岛素的补充。对1型胰岛素二次分类存在自身免疫性与特发性,而自身免疫性糖尿病又因为发病时间的迟早分为急发性和缓发型。急发性糖尿病通常在青少年期就已见端倪,易发生糖尿病酮症酸中毒。缓发型又称成人晚发型自身免疫性糖尿病,通常在20-48岁之间发病。(二)2型糖尿病2型糖尿病是糖尿病分类中发病率最高的糖尿病类型,高达95%的发病率。其发病基础具有明显遗传基础、胰岛素抵抗和B 细胞分泌异常。但究其病因主要可以从遗传、饮食不当造成的身体负荷加重、运动量过少、生活压力过大,过量饮酒分析,该类型糖尿病发病阶段分为四个阶段[3]:①遗传易感性:在遗传特性的基础下,它更多的发病诱因是环境因素。可以从人口老龄化,人体肥胖症、运动量减少、压力骤增等等因素入手,迫使糖尿病的遗传基因进行激活。②胰岛素抵抗( IR ) 和B 细胞的功能缺陷胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌不足是一个长此以往的诱因,作为2型糖尿病病发的两个主要因素,它们在糖尿病病发之前已经潜伏多年,寻找机会伺机而动。③糖耐量降低( TGP )和空腹血糖调解受损( IFG )一般 TGP 更多的是糖尿病前期的表现,具体为葡萄糖不受耐的类型之一;IFG 是一类非糖尿病性空腹高血糖,通过其血糖浓度高于正常值,但低于糖尿病的判断值。这两者均代表了正常葡萄糖稳态和糖尿病的高血糖之间的代谢状态,表明其调解受损。④临床糖尿病在该阶段糖尿病对机体的侵蚀速度加快,但由于各自机体情况不同,有的机体无明显的症状,有的或伴随出现代谢紊乱症侯群,还有甚着出现糖尿病的并发症。此期,胰岛分泌功能渐渐败下阵来,分泌功能降低,胰岛素抵抗能力加强,外周组织器官列如脂肪组织、肌肉组织对胰岛素的敏感性有着明显的降低,葡萄糖摄入利用量不足,胰岛素对肝脏葡萄糖输出抑制减弱,葡萄糖外输情况严重,从而引起餐后血糖升高,及空腹、餐后持续高血糖。严重时或出现胰岛B细胞功能衰竭,基础胰岛素分泌不足患酮症[4]。(三)、妊娠糖尿病等等 此类糖尿病的发病期集中在妊娠期,孕期控制饮食、适当运动即可避免[5],即使此类糖尿病在分娩期之后就会恢复,但存在22%-50%的孕妇会发展成2型糖尿病,且当孕妇再次妊娠时有50%的可能性复发[5]。妊娠糖尿病的另一方面不得不强调说明,孕妇在孕期如若血糖控制不良,极有可能使得孩子患有糖尿病、肥胖症等代谢综合征[6]。 三、非科学性糖尿病自我管理的列举和纠正糖尿病的自我管理必须依从于一个科学合理的防治计划,合理的计划将在糖尿病的防治行动中事半功倍,但一个不合理的自我管理必将使患者坠入深渊,加重病情,导致糖尿病的并发症发生[7]。因此,对糖尿病自我管理的误区进行整理,并加以指导和纠正,能大大避免非科学性糖尿病自我管理,对患者以及家属将起到极大的帮助[7]。(一)认识错误据2017公布的一组数据而言,在中国平均每30秒就会有一个人罹患癌症,平均每30秒就有一个人患糖尿病,平均每30秒,至少有一个人由于心脑血管疾病死亡,所以这也造成了另一个局面,一部分患者和患者家属介怀,对糖尿病存在认知误差 ,认为一旦患有糖尿病就是被判了死刑,从而放弃治疗,导致糖尿病得不到有效抑制,错过治疗的黄金时段[8]。另一部分患者由于自身糖尿病无明显症状,觉得“没关系”,“我没病,吃嘛嘛香”因此在糖尿病初期不甚在意,延误治疗。更有患者在使用过药物后,糖尿病在短期内得以控制,就放弃继续治疗,认为自己已经痊愈,殊不知这样做将面临更严重的后果[9]。(二)饮食问题糖尿病患者在日常饮食中一定要注意均衡饮食,搭配合理,患者每天摄入的热卡主要由碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪这三大供能物质提供[10],除此之外,人体内另一部分物质:水、微量元素、维生素、矿盐等作为辅助物质用以均衡机体营养。但部分悲观患者认为余下的时光所剩无几,从而大吃特吃,认为不应该“亏待”自己;也有患者采用饥饿式疗法,造成营养缺失,其实以上两种心理认识都是不全面、不正确的,糖尿病患者是需要控制摄入量但并不意味着糖尿病患者要背负节食的枷锁[11]。由于糖尿病患者每天摄入的热卡要基本维持不变,部分患者为了不出错的或许会选择一成不变的饮食物质,忽略饮食的多元性[12],一味的盯住一样,造成患者的厌烦情绪,在糖尿病的饮食管理中在保障摄入热卡不变的条件下,可以对患者饮食进行变动[13]。同时不应该对饮食时间没有规划,进食时间和进食量不规律对糖尿病患者的自我管理极大不利。糖尿病患者要捉到少食多餐,餐餐定时定量,戒烟戒酒[14]。运动问题 由于老年人的身体难以经受高强度的运动量,所有越来越多的老年人选择了居家休息,但科学调差显示适当的运动将有助于老年人的身体健康,对于糖尿病人呢?2018年5月9日昆明新华社报道:中科院科学家通过四年时间进行了猕猴实验,此实验最终数据结果揭示了肥胖是导致糖尿病的罪魁祸首,印证了糖尿病发病的独立且危险要素是糖尿病。该成果已在国际期刊《美国生理学-内分泌及代谢》上发表。中国科学院昆明动物研究所研究员梁斌如是说道,肥胖与糖尿病的关联简而言之就是由肥胖转为糖尿病过程中,人体肝脏能量代谢出现了转变,脂肪积累到支链氨基酸降解”。由此建议糖尿病患者运动要进行运动,比如一些强度小的有氧运动,散步、太极、空竹、广场舞等运动,相比较蜗居在家,外出运动对糖尿病患者的身心健康都有着极大的帮助[15]。但一部分患者对自己的身心素质有着很大的自信,可能会选择引体向上、俯卧撑等一类力量性运动,但这是非常不理性的。据医学数据分析,力量性运动通常会对患者的心脏负荷在短时间内会有明显的加强,极有可能引发心脏病[16]。心理健康据科学分析部分糖尿病患者由于患有糖尿病之后,心理上产生抑郁倾向,且精神病患者患抑郁症的几率远大于普通人,这一点在老年糖尿病患者中尤为明显。特别是由于病情出现反反复复,患者可能出现疲于人际交往,疲劳嗜睡,食欲不振甚至于破罐子破摔的心理,但更多的由于我们不能与患者感同身受,所有我们很难理解糖尿病患者的心理变化,继而忽略。患者一旦出现不遵医嘱、抵触治疗的倾向,其家人往往难以理解,造成患者与家人的矛盾,使患者的情绪雪上加霜[17]。在糖尿病患者的日常治疗中,可以适当加入心理治疗,减轻糖尿病患者的心理负担。在日常生活中患者与家人的交流也必不可少,这两者齐头并进能很大程度上对患者的内心世界了深入的了解,继而解决患者的心理问题[18]。糖尿病自我管理的重要性和展望 迄今为止糖尿病的发病率和伤残率仍旧只高不低,难以根治,但一个合理、可行性高的糖尿病自我管理体系将有效的抑制糖尿病的发病率,糖尿病患者自我管理是一套基于患者层面的社会生态模式,其目的在于控制糖尿病画着的血糖,以达到稳定病情的目的,防治糖尿病并发症。通过糖尿病的自我管理方式可以改善患者的健康状况,提高患者的幸福指数[19]。 目前的糖尿病自我管理主要分为四类,饮食管控、运动管控、心理检查和药物管理。基于药物管理,即谨遵医嘱的条件下,对患者展开自我管理。经由科学研究证明自我管理系统的完善与否直接于患者生命时长挂钩。因此对于糖尿病的治疗更多取决于生活中的自我管理[20]。 糖尿病的治疗过程我们一定要积极动员身边的一切社会资源,为糖尿病患者营造一个高效便利的方式,使患者有足够的空间与医疗水平去完善自我管理[21]。在医疗层面上,应当分配更多的资源给予糖尿病患者,加强治疗糖尿病新药的研究和临床试验,将中草药、西药混合研究,探索道路,也要考虑到人工智能,或许它也能帮助我们攻克糖尿病,避免未来糖尿病成为困扰中国社会的疑难杂症;在社会层面上,给予糖尿病患者更多的帮助,对糖尿病患者的家庭经济负担进行帮扶、对患者进行心理治疗;同时,加大对糖尿病的宣传,让普通民众对糖尿病的有一定程度的了解,做到及早发现、及早防治[22]。而且为一些有患者的家庭提供了一些自我管理参考,避免由于知识盲区对患者的管理出现偏差。随着全球乃至我国的医疗水平发展日趋上升,对糖尿病的治愈方式也会有很大的提升,通过患者家庭的积极监督和患者的自我管理,社会各界的共同努力,为糖尿病患者创造良好的医疗条件,在我国的糖尿病患者治疗水平和自我管理水平的共同提升下,相信糖尿病患者的福音未来可期[23]。五糖尿病的自我管理不当对老年人的生活影响对于长期患糖尿病的患者来说,自我管理的水平决定着生活质量的高低。在糖尿病易患高发群体[24]中老年人是占据主要地位的,所以说老年人对于糖尿病的自我管理和护理是起着关键作用的。从社会层面上来说,这项任务并不简单。因为现在的社会基本是空巢老人比较多,儿女都外出务工,自我管理的完善性并不能得到完全的保证。[25]①老人对于糖尿病的认识有所欠缺,以至于很多的自我管理的要点不能完全掌握,对自己身体的健康程度不能完整正确的评价。包括家里人对于糖尿病知识[26]的混淆,可能会导致老年人生活的舒适度下降,出行一时受到限制,盲目的进行治疗可能会导致进一步的糖尿病恶化。②在基本知识了解的基础上,自我管理开始对饮食和运动量进行控制,老人的身体本来代谢下降,运动耐力差,在自我管理不当的情况下,可能会引发更加严重的并发症如酮症酸中毒[27],糖尿病性肾衰竭以及血管病变引起的呼吸衰竭或下肢截瘫,加剧了老年生活的悲剧。面对糖尿病的自我管理不当所带来的深远影响,更是在老年人所剩无几的短暂时光里雪山加霜,所以老年人在做好自我管理[28]的同时,享受美满的晚年。参考文献:[1] 王忆黎 为什么老年人易患糖尿病[J]. 养生月刊 2001,(02) 期刊[2]刘建琴,许樟荣。 糖尿病足的预防与患者的自我管理[J]. 中国医刊,2017,(02):14-17.[3]刘艳,孙勇,姚华。 2型糖尿病健康教育路径的Meta分析[J]. 新疆医科大学学报,2017,(04):530-534.[4]殷荣平,王琪,王丽丽,汪小华。 2型糖尿病患者饮食自我管理的知信行调查分析[J]. 护理学报,2017,(02):11-13.[5]朱远,张爱霞,徐桂华。 妊娠合并糖尿病管理模式的研究进展[J]. 护理研究,2017,(09):1025-1028.[6]刘竹韵,高玲玲。 基于Web of Science数据库妊娠期糖尿病研究的文献计量学分析[J]. 护理研究,2017,(09):1108-1111.[7]赵丽华,张宇,王咏梅,王丽华。 一日多餐饮食对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖的影响[J]. 中华护理教育,2017,(01):65-68.[8]袁晓丹,姚平,刘超,楼青青。 个体化行为干预对2型糖尿病患者1年效果评价[J]. 护理与康复,2017,(03):212-216+220.[9]冯小芬,韦玉和,邵雪景,赵志勇,印永,罗春媛。 微信群管理糖尿病患者的短期观察[J]. 中国糖尿病杂志,2017,(02):149-153.[10]王君,王爱民。 糖尿病患者血糖黎明现象研究进展[J]. 护理学杂志,2017,(03):23-26.[11]邓开琴,何仕蓉,彭露瑶,陈青青,王琏,胡慧。 同伴支持在糖尿病患者健康教育中的应用[J]. 中华护理教育,2017,(02):116-118.[12]孟朝琳,程婵婵,崔轶男,王媛媛,吴小彬,沈兴平。 自我管理网络支持模式在初发中青年2型糖尿病患者中的应用[J]. 护理学杂志,2017,(01):22-25.[13]刘霞,杨贵云,张泓,李芸。 动机性访谈在老年糖尿病患者饮食治疗中的应用[J]. 中国老年学杂志,2017,(01):202-204.[14]倪云霞,刘素珍,李继平,刁永书,董婷,陶琳。 护士主导的管理模式对社区糖尿病患者血糖控制及就医行为的影响[J]. 中华护理杂志,2017,(02):222-227.[15]于鹏,温肇霞,胡新林,尹雪燕,张凡,刘绍。青岛市不同等级医院护士糖尿病饮食管理认知的调查分析[J]中国护理管理,2016, (11)1498- 1502.[16]展恩欣,宋欢,柳韦华。 中文版糖尿病与吸烟信念量表的信效度研究[J]. 护理研究,2017,(01):39-42.[17]赵正清,张渭芳,钱进军,江萍,隆卫娟,于德纯。 PDCA循环结合手测量法在2型糖尿病患者饮食指导中的应用[J]. 护士进修杂志,2017,(01):45-48.[18]吕莉慧,丁淳,王颖。 延伸护理服务对军队老干部糖尿病患者保健康复的影响[J]. 医学研究生学报,2017,(02):186-189.[19]温桂敏,孙田杰,赵宏,冯会玲。 住院糖尿病患者健康饮食行为阶段及其影响因素研究[J]. 护理学杂志,2017,(03):7-11.[20]薛亚男,尚国爱,吕倩,翟春娟,侯月颖。 健康自我管理对糖尿病足患者自我效能及心理状态的影响[J]. 实用预防医学,2017,(02):137-140.[21]高晨晨,周兰姝。 国外糖尿病自我管理研究热点和趋势分析[J]. 护理学杂志,2017,(03):18-22.[22] Li Hui. The role of diabetes care group in the clinical care of diabetic patients [J]. Chinese community physician, 2014, 30 (22): 143-143145. [22] Li Xia. The application of humanized service in diabetes care [J]. Chinese and foreign medicine Study, 2016, 14 (1): 95-96[23] Zhang Yaling. Analysis of the role of diabetes care group in the care of diabetic patients [J]. Chinese modern medicine application, 2015, 9 (21): 231-232.[24] effect of comprehensive nursing on the clinical effect and related endocrine hormone level of patients with diabetic thyroid cancer after operation. [25]Chinese Community of diabetes nursing home on health education of diabetic patients. 17 . [26]Hu Xiaodao. Observation on the effect of comprehensive nursing mode in elderly patients with severe erythroderma psoriasis and diabetes mellitus. Dermatology and venereal diseases [27]Liang Xiaolan. study on the clinical effect of "knowing, believing and doing" health education model applied to the nursing of elderly diabetic patients. Basic medical forum

259 评论

smilejoyce922

当今,由于人类社会的发展,生活节奏的加快,对于中年人群体老年疾病提前到来。中年人由于疾病的缠身,生活质量的下降等原因,给家庭和社会带来了很大的负面影响。下面是我带来的医学类英语 文章 ,欢迎阅读!

医学类英语文章1

指甲油、发胶或增加糖尿病风险

Chemicals commonly found in beauty products such as nail polishes, hair sprays andperfumesmay increase risk of diabetes for some women, new research suggests.

Chemicals commonly found in beauty products such as nail polishes, hair sprays andperfumesmay increase risk of diabetes for some women, new research suggests.

Researchers analyzed urine samples from 2,350 women who participated in the long-runningNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative sampleof Americanwomen. They were looking for concentrations of chemicals known as phthalates,which are oftenfound in personal care products and in adhesives, electronics, products used tomanufacture cars, toys, packaging and even some coatings for medications.

Phthalates are considered "endocrine-disrupting" because they can alter normal regulationofcertain mechanisms in the body, including hormone regulation, and have been tied inpreviousresearch to diabetes and obesity risk, Dr. Kenneth Spaeth, director of theOccupational andEnvironmental Medicine Center's department of population health at NorthShore UniversityHospital in Manhasset, ., told HealthPop. He was not involved in the study.

The researchers found that women with the highest concentrations of two types of phthalates -mono-benzyl phthalate and mono-isobutyl phthalate - were nearly two times more likely tohavediabetes compared to women with the least amounts of these chemicals. Women withmoderatelyhigh levels of the phthalates mono-n-butyl phthalate and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalatewere 70 percent more likely to have diabetes compared to their counterparts.

The findings were published in Environmental Health Perspectives, a journal published bythegovernment's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

"This is an important first step in exploring the connection between phthalates and diabetes,"saidDr. Tamara James-Todd, a researcher in women's health at Brigham and Women's HospitalinBoston, said in a press release. The researchers could not prove that phthalates causeddiabetes orhaving diabetes increased concentrations of the chemicals in a person's body.

"We know that in addition to being present in personal care products, phthalates also existincertain types of medical devices and medication that is used to treat diabetes and this couldalsoexplain the higher level of phthalates in diabetic women," she added. "So overall, moreresearch isneeded."

One of the problems is that chemicals like phthalates are practically unavoidable, accordingtoSpaeth.

"These chemicals are unfortunately ubiquitous," Spaeth explained. "It's pretty clear fromstudiesthat we're exposed all day long to these various household or personal care products."

Spaeth says it's a real challenge to reduce phthalate exposure because sometimes thechemical is ametabolic byproduct of another ingredient or a product label may not say itcontains phthalatesonly for phthalates to be found in the packaging the product came in, whichdoes not need to bementioned on a product label.

"It's really hard to make informed decisions about these kinds of things," he said. "Maybe we'llgetto a point when the health effects are more widely recognized, that there will be incentivetochange how products are made and packaged."

However Spaeth did say research has shown phthalates can find their way into householddustand people sometimes ingest them that way, so simple steps like frequent vaccuming anddusting, or washing your hands regularly before eating may decrease risk.

医学类英语文章2

西方快餐与亚洲人患心脏病风险存在联系

Even relatively clean-living Singaporeans who regularly eat burgers, fries and other staplesof fast food are at a raised risk of diabetes and more likely than their peers to die ofheart disease, according to an international study.

at a raised risk of diabetes:提高患糖尿病的风险

But Asian fast foods, such as noodles or dumplings, did not bear the same risk, the studypublished in the journal Circulation said.

bear the same risk:承受同样的风险

the journal Circulation:《循环》杂志

With globalization, fast food has become commonplacein East and SoutheastAsia. The study looked at more than 60,000 Singaporeans of Chinese descent.

"Many cultures welcome (Western fast food) because it's a sign they're developing theireconomics," said Andrew Odegaard, from the University of Minnesota School of Public Health,who led the study.

the University of Minnesota School of Public Health:明尼苏达大学的公共卫生学院

"But while it may be desirable from a cultural standpoint, from a health perspective theremay be a cost," he told Reuters Health.

a cultural standpoint: 文化 角度

The study participants were interviewed in the 1990s, then followed for about a decade.

Participants were between 45 and 74 years old at the outset. During the study period, 1,397 died of cardiac causes and 2,252 developed type 2 diabetes.

died of cardiaccauses:死于心脏病

Those who ate fast food two or more times a week had 27 percent greater odds ofdiabetes and 56 percent higher risk of cardiac death than those who ate little or no fast food,the researchers found.

greater odds of:更大的几率

Among 811 subjects who ate Western-style fast food four or more times a week, the riskof cardiac death rose by 80 percent.

Western-style fast food:西式快餐

The findings held even after the researchers adjusted for other factors that could influencehealth, including age, sex, weight, smoking status and education level.

In fact, the Singaporeans who ate Western fast food often were more likely to be younger,educated and physically active, and were less likely to smoke, than those who stuck to a moretraditional diet.

physically active:体力活动

Odegaard's team found that Eastern fast foods, such as dim sum, noodles and dumplings,were not associated with more cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiac deaths.

dim sum:中式点心

be not associated with:与……无关

"It wasn't their own snacks that was putting them at increased risk, but American-style fastfood," he said.

The profile of the fast food eaters differs markedly from that of the average fast foodconsumer in the United States, he added, with eating fast food in countries like Singapore astatus symbol and a way of "participating in American culture".

a status symbol:身份象征

The findings hold serious implications for recently developed and emerging countries, saidSara Bleich, an assistant professor of health policy at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of PublicHealth in Baltimore.

hold serious implications for:对……有严重影响

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health:约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院

"The big multinational fast food companies are increasingly looking to maximize profitoutside the United States, and they're looking to emerging economies like Singapore to dothat," she said. "So at the global level, the health implications are very strong."

maximize profit:追求利润最大化

emerging economies:新兴市场国家

医学类英语文章3

胖子的 记忆力 思考力下降快

Fatter people are more likely to lose their memories and brain power quicker than thosewho are thinner, according to British research.

据英国某一研究,相比瘦子,胖子的记忆力和脑力下降得更快。

Those who are obese, and have other health problems such as high blood pressure andhigh cholesterol, lose their memory and thinking skills almost a quarter faster, foundresearchers at University College London.

英国伦敦大学学院的一份研究表明,那些患有如高血压高胆固醇等健康问题的胖子和那些一般的胖子,比起瘦子来说,他们的记忆力和脑力下降速度要快四分之一。

Their study was based on almost 6,500 Whitehall civil servants, whose health wasmonitored between the ages of 50 and 60.

这份研究以将近6,500名年龄在50岁到60岁之间的白厅(英国)公务员的健康状况为研究对象。

They were weighed and measured, their blood pressure and cholesterol levels were taken,and they were also asked what medication they were taking.

研究人员对他们称了体重,做了测量,记录了他们的血压和胆固醇含量,同时还了解了他们目前在做哪些药物治疗。

In addition, they were asked to perform mental tests three times during the decade,which were used to assess memory and other cognitiveskills.

此外,研究对象在这十年时间里还要参加三次智力测验,这些测验结果将作为评估记忆和 其它 认知技能的依据。

Of the 6,401 civil servants in the study, nine per cent (582) were obese. Of those, 350 werealso classed as “metabolicallyabnormal”- meaning they had two additional risk factors such ashigh blood pressure, high cholesterol, were taking medication for either condition, or werediabetic.

在参与这项研究的6,401名国家公务员中,9%(即582人)是胖子。有350人的新陈代谢存在异常现象,这也意味着他们将面临双重危险,高血压和高胆固醇。他们需要服用治疗高血压和高胆固醇的药物。除此以外还有糖尿病患者。

The researchers found the obese tended to lose their mental powers faster than theirthinner colleagues, while those who also had additional conditions lost their memory andthinking skills fastest of all.

研究人员发现胖子比起他们的瘦子同事更容易失去大脑思考能力,而这个人群中最容易失忆和失去思考能力的是这些还有其它健康问题的胖子。

The latter group experienced a percent faster decline on their cognitive test scoresover the decade than those who were healthy.

比起健康的胖子,后一组研究对象(指还有其它健康问题的胖子)在过去的十年时间里在认知测试中得分下降高达。

Archana Singh-Manoux, of the Paris research institute Inserm, who contributed to thestudy, said their results indicated the idea that people could be obese but still healthy wasflawed.

巴黎研究机构Inserm的辛格-曼诺(Archana Singh-Manoux)负责这项研究。他说,他们的研究结果表明胖子是健康的这一看法是站不脚的。

Shirley Cramer, chief executive of Alzheimer’s Research UK, said: “We do not yet know whyobesity and metabolic abnormality are linked to poorer brain performance, but with obesitylevels on the rise, it will be important to delvea little deeper into this association.

英国老年痴呆症研究所的主管雪莉·克莱默(Shirley Cramer)说:“目前我们还不知道为什么肥胖与新陈代谢异常这两方面会和脑力衰弱有联系。但是随着肥胖程度的增加,进一步深入探究它们之间的关联将变得很重要。”

“While the study itself focuses on cognitive decline, previous research suggests that ahealthy diet, regular exercise, not smoking and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol inmidlife can also help stave off dementia."

“虽然这项研究本身关注的是认知能力的减弱,但先前的研究表明在中年时期,健康的饮食、定期锻炼、不吸烟、控制血压和胆固醇等有助于减缓痴呆症的产生。”

259 评论

相关问答

  • 普外科优秀英文论文范文

    Last summer, my family and I went to Hawaii for a holiday! We flew across the Pa

    我们的季节e 5人参与回答 2023-12-11
  • 普外科优秀英文论文摘要

    Review article 和 Research article有何区别?编辑和审稿人认为我的文章不适合Research article,都要求我修改后的文章

    浪费粮食的满福 6人参与回答 2023-12-06
  • 糖尿病产妇写论文优秀题目

    毕业论文是教学科研过程的一个环节,也是学业成绩考核和评定的一种重要方式。毕业论文的目的在于总结学生在校期间的学习成果,培养学生具有综合地创造性地运用所学的全部专

    aifayewong 3人参与回答 2023-12-07
  • 艾滋病优秀论文

    .文艾防艾论坛 可以领公益试纸.

    秉诚装饰 3人参与回答 2023-12-06
  • 普外科优秀英文论文题目

    Cytology of soft tissue tumors: Cytological classification of soft tissue tumors

    小树旁的小树 6人参与回答 2023-12-09