病命名英文论文

概述中文名:血友病英文名:hemophilia定义：○血友病是一组遗传性出血性疾病，它是由于血液中某些凝血因子的缺乏而导致的严重凝血功能障碍。根据缺乏的凝血因子不同可分A、B、C三类。前两者为性连锁隐性遗传，后者为常染色体不完全隐性遗传。○血友病是一组先天性凝血因子缺乏，以致凝血活酶生成障碍的出血性疾病。其中包括血友病甲（因子Ⅷ、AHG缺乏），血友病乙（因子Ⅸ缺乏、PTC缺乏）及血友病丙（因子Ⅺ、PTA缺乏）。血友病甲多见，约为血友病乙的七倍。 病因血友病是一组先天性凝血因子缺乏，以致出血性疾病。先天性因子Ⅷ缺乏为典型的性联隐性遗传，由女性传递，男性发病，控制因子Ⅷ凝血成分合成的基因位于X染色体。患病男性与正常女性婚配，子女中男性均正常，女性为传递者；正常男性与传递者女性婚配，子女中男性半数为患者，女性半数为传递者；患者男性与传递者女性婚配，所生男孩半数有血友病，所生女孩半数为血友病，半数为传递者。约30％无家族史，其发病可能因基因突变所致。 因子Ⅸ缺乏的遗传方式与血友病甲相同，但女性传递者中，因子Ⅸ水平较低，有出血倾向。因子X1缺乏，均导致血液凝血活酶形成发生障碍，凝血酶原不能转变为凝血酶，纤维蛋白原也不能转变为纤维蛋白而易发生出血。 症状 由于患者血浆中缺乏某种凝血因子，患者的血管破裂后，血液较正常人不易凝结，因而会流去更多的血。体表的伤口所引起的出血通常并不严重，而内出血则严重得多。内出血一般发生在关节、组织和肌肉内部。当内脏出血或颅内出血发生时，常常危及生命。 关节出血在血友病患者中是很常见的，最常出血的是膝关节、肘关节和踝关节。血液淤积到患者的关节腔后，会使关节活动受限，使其功能暂时丧失，例如膝关节出血后患者常常不能正常站立行走。淤积到关节腔中的血液常常需要数周时间才能逐渐被吸收，从而逐渐恢复功能，但如果关节反复出血则可导致滑膜炎和关节炎，造成关节畸形，使关节的功能很难恢复正常，因此很多血友病患者有不同程度的残疾。 由于每个凝血因子的基因都是一串复杂的序列，即使是同一种类型的血友病患者，相应基因也有所不同，因而其凝血因子的活性水平也不同，据此可将血友病患者分为重型、中型和轻型。 重度血友病患者的血浆中所缺乏的凝血因子的活性程度达不到正常人的3%，一个月内可数次出血，出血常常在没有明显原因的情况下发生，称为自发出血。关节出血很普遍。 中度血友病患者的因子活性程度为正常人的3%至6%，他们的出血常常由小创伤导致，例如运动损伤。关节出血一般在外伤后发生。 轻度血友病患者的因子活性程度为正常人的6%至25%，一般只在外科手术、拔牙或严重外伤后出血不止。关节出血较少。Summary Chinese: Hemophilia English: hemophilia Definition: ○ Hemophilia is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders, it is because of certain blood clotting factor caused by the lack of serious coagulation disorder. According to the lack of clotting factor can be divided into different A, B, C three categories. The first two sex linked recessive genetic, and the latter is not entirely autosomal recessive inheritance. ○ Hemophilia is a group of congenital lack of coagulation factor, which activated coagulation obstacles generation of hemorrhagic disease. Including hemophilia A (factor Ⅷ, lack of AHG), Hemophilia B (factor Ⅸ lack of a lack of PTC) and hemophilia C (Ⅺ factor, the lack of PTA). Hemophilia A Most of Hemophilia B is about seven times. Etiology Hemophilia is a group of congenital lack of clotting factor that hemorrhagic disease. Congenital Factor Ⅷ typical of the lack of recessive genetic, transmission from women, men disease control Ⅷ clotting factor components of the X chromosome genes. Sick men and women of normal marriage, children were normal male, female transmission; normal male and female carriers marriage, children, half of the patients in the male, female half of the message; patients were male and female mating transfer, born male Hasbro half of hemophilia, von Willebrand half of girls born, half of them are carriers. About 30% had no family history, the incidence may be caused by gene mutations. Genetic factor Ⅸ lack of hemophilia A and the same way, but female carriers, the relatively low level of factor Ⅸ, bleeding tendency. X1 factor lack of blood coagulation resulted in a live enzyme obstacles, prothrombin to thrombin can not change, nor fibrinogen to fibrin easily change occurred bleeding. Symptoms As in the plasma of patients with a lack of a clotting factor, in patients with vascular rupture, difficult than normal blood coagulation, which will more blood to flow. Superficial wounds caused by bleeding usually is not serious, and bleeding was much more serious. General hemorrhage occurred in joints, muscles and internal organization. When visceral bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage occurred, often life-threatening. Bleeding in the joints in patients with hemophilia is common, is the most common bleeding knee, elbow and ankle. Patients with blood deposition to the joint cavity, make joint activities limited to temporary loss of function, such as bleeding after knee patients often do not stand up to normal walking. Deposition in the joint cavity of blood often need a few weeks time to gradually absorb, and then to gradually recover, but if repeated bleeding could lead to joint synovitis and arthritis, a joint deformities, joint difficult to resume normal function, So many haemophiliacs who have varying degrees of disability. As each of clotting factor gene sequence is a string of complex, even the same type of haemophiliacs, the corresponding genes also vary, hence its clotting factor activity level is different, which can be sub-haemophiliacs heavy, medium and light. Severe haemophiliacs in the plasma clotting factor in the lack of activity of the normal level of less than 3 per cent, several times within one month can be bleeding, and bleeding in the absence of obvious reasons often occur under circumstances where, as spontaneous bleeding. Joint bleeding is widespread. Von Willebrand factor in patients with moderate activity level for the normal 3-6%, they are often the bleeding caused by the small trauma, such as sports injuries. Joint general in the post-traumatic hemorrhage occurred. Von Willebrand factor in patients with mild degree of activity of the normal 6-25 percent, generally in the surgery, tooth extraction or more serious post-traumatic bleeding. Less bleeding joints.

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爸爸这几天得了一种“怪病”，不笑的时候很正常，一笑起来他的嘴巴歪了，左边眼睛闭不拢了，我看他的脸感觉好奇怪啊，妈妈说这个毛病叫“面瘫”，是面神经麻痹，需要针灸，吃药治疗。可能最近爸爸太辛苦了，白天医院里开完刀回家还要监督我学习、练琴，等我上床睡觉了他还要忙自己的论文，一直到很晚才睡觉。我要听话点，自觉点，不用爸爸妈妈操心我的学习，这样爸爸的病才会快点好起来。

My father had a few days ago, a "strange disease", do not laugh when the normal, laughing his mouth crooked, and the left side of the eyes closed, and I look at his face feeling strange ah, my mother said the disease called " Facial paralysis "is facial nerve palsy, need acupuncture, medication treatment. May be too hard my father recently, during the day and the hospital opened the knife to go home but also to monitor my study, practicing piano, so I went to bed he was busy with their own papers, until late to sleep. I want to listen to point, consciously, do not have my father and mother to worry about my study, so my father's disease will soon get better.

放学后回到家，打开门一看，家里静悄悄的，心里想：今天怎么没看到妈妈的忙碌的身影呢？

我试着朝妈妈的房间走去，推开卧室的门，呀！妈妈怎么躺在床上了呢？我轻轻的走到床前，妈妈的脸色很苍白，我摸了摸妈妈的头，啊，好烫！妈妈发烧了，怎么办？

于是我赶紧跑到药店，照着我吃的药买。到了家里，我赶紧把水倒在杯子，小心翼翼地来到她身边。说：“妈妈快起来吃药，吃完药就好了。”妈妈接过杯子虚弱的说：“谢谢你，我的好儿子。”看着妈妈把药吃下去，我真高兴。

After school home, open the door to see, the family quietly, and thought: how did not see my mother's busy figure today?

I tried to walk towards my mother's room and push the door of the bedroom, how was my mother lying in bed? I gently went to bed, my mother's face was pale, I touched my mother's head, ah Okay, how is it?

So I quickly went to the pharmacy, according to the medicine I eat to buy. To the home, I quickly poured the water in the cup, carefully came to her side. Said: "Mom quickly get up medicine, eat the medicine like a." Mom took the cup weak and said: "Thank you, my good son." Look at her mother to eat the medicine, I am so happy.

现在天气变化越来越大了。

在上体育课时，我发现旁边红花队的人少了五六个，队伍一下短了一大截，其他队远远超过了它，可见生病的人不少。想想上周体育课，我在的梅花鹿队一定少了生病的我，那时我正在医院打针。再瞧瞧两个男生队，一个不少。我想：他们一定常锻炼身体，要不身体怎么这么好。女生们，为自己争点气吧。

今天我刚进教室就被马丽媛抱住了，她们都想我。在我领读时，我还知道了，跟我一起领读的马周佩涵也生病了，而且跟我一样今天回到学校上课。我希望生病的同学早日康复，在有浓浓药味的医院里呆着可不是那么好受。

Now the weather is getting bigger and bigger.

In the physical education, I found the side of the safflower team less five or six, the team about a short cut, the other team far more than it, showing a lot of people sick. Think of last week's physical education class, I was in the deer team must be sick of me, then I was in the hospital injection. And then look at the two boys team, a lot. I think: they must always exercise, or how the body so good. Girls, fight for their own gas it.

Today, I was just into the classroom was Ma Liyuan hugged, they want me. When I read, I also know, with me to read the horse Zhou Peihan also sick, and like me back to school today. I hope that the sick students recover soon, in a thick drugy hospital stay is not so easy.

今天早上我还在床上睡觉的时候，妈妈传来一声尖叫：“哎呀！我的脖子报废了！”我一骨碌的爬了起来，冲向妈妈的卧室，只见她的脖子只能歪着了。我问：“你怎么了？”，爸爸说：“妈妈早上起来运动的时候用力过猛把脖子的筋给扭了。”我说：“她怎么只能歪着脖子啊？”爸爸解释说：“如果把脖子直起来妈妈就会非常非常疼。”我想妈妈是肯定要去医院了，果真妈妈疼得受不了，必须去医院。突然我灵光一闪，想出一个好办法，上回妈妈用仙人掌给我治疗腮腺炎，这回我也可以用仙人掌给妈妈治疗脖子呀！我把这个想法告诉了妈妈，妈妈说：“仙人掌是清热解毒的，而我现在要的是活血化瘀，仙人掌治不了我的脖子。”唉！我要是能找到一种能治百病的东西就好了！

有一天，狮子大王生病了。

小熊知道后急忙告诉了小兔、小猴。小熊说：我们要不要去看看狮子大王啊？小兔说：好啊，好啊！小猴也同意，突然，小熊想到了一个好主意说：要不我们买点礼物送给狮子大王吧？，小动物们都同意了。然后，他它们把自己最喜欢的东西都拿了出来，小熊拿了它最爱吃的蜂蜜，小兔拿了它最喜欢的花朵，小猴拿来了香香甜甜的桃子。

它们一起走到了医院，小动物们把自己的东西送给了狮子大王，小动物们齐声说：狮子大王你快快好起来吧！，狮子大王也笑眯眯地说：谢谢你们！

One day, the lion king was sick.

Bear know after the hurry told the rabbit, monkey. The little monkey also agreed that suddenly, the Cubs thought of a good idea, said: or we buy a gift to the lion king, right? Small animals all agreed. Then, they took their favorite things out, the bear took its favorite honey, rabbit took its favorite flowers, monkeys brought sweet sweet peaches.

They went to the hospital together, small animals to their own things to the lion king, small animals, said: lion king you quickly get up !, lion king also said with a smile: Thank you!