国外科技前沿论文翻译

翻译：...have published some papers in the journal【详释】在期刊上：in the journal，地点状语放在句尾发表了：have published，谓语动词，根据语境用了现在进行时论文：（some） papers，宾语，英语语言习惯加上some，也可以用a paper表示单一的论文。

Information literacy Knowing how to find data from several sources, select relevant material, analyse and organise it into a form that can be used to make decisions. Computers have become the tools people use to access and manage information. Information technologists are people who analyse and design the tools. What is a computer? Tradition definitions of computers include • A machine that accepts data and processes it into use information. • A computer is a binary, digital, electronic, stored program machine. • While a computer is commonly a digital machine, analogue machine do exist. An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), process data arithmetically and logically, produce results (output) from the processing and stores results for future use. Many computers receive and send data (communicate) across networks LAN and Wan. A computer system consists of hardware and software. What is hardware? Hardware Hardware is physical devices or components that can be physically handled – you can thou it. Input Devices Input devices convert data that humans collect into coded electrical signals that a computer can process. The central processing unit The electronic processing takes place in the CPU. The CPU consists of • A control unit that controls all of the computer’s functions and an • Arithmetic and logical unit (ALU) that performs any calculation Memory Memory holds all programs and What is RAM currently open? Data (notes) Word processor Output devices Output devices convert the computer’s electronic signals back into information Secondary storage devices These devices store programs and data permanently. The programs and data are not necessarily (or likely to be) in current use. . DVD CD Communication devices These devices enable a computer to connect to another computer. List the six different type of hardware? Secondary storage(external), input, processor, output , memory, Communication. Name eight pieces of hardware USB, keyboard, monitor, screen, RAM, ROM, VDU, Modem. The system unit and peripheral devices The system unit is the computer box. Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside, or in other words, plugged into the (back of) the machine. Peripheral devices include the key board, mouse, printer, joy stick and others. Peripheral devices are any devices around the outside, or in other words, plugged into the (back of) the machine. Peripheral devices include the keyboard, mouse, printer, joy stick and others. What else does a computer have? Software Software is a computer program ,which is a detailed set of instructions that directs a computer to perform the tasks necessary to process data into information. These instructions are written in languages that computer can interpret. Software includes computer games, a word processing packing, an accounting package, amongst Definition of a computer system • A computer system is the configuration of hardware and software, functioning together, to process data into useful information, in order to achieve a purpose for a human user. What is data? • Data is raw facts, be they numbers, words, images and sounds, that can be input into a computer. . Mary a name is a piece of data What is information? • Information is processed data, that has meaning and is useful. . John is a list of names who scored an A grade on an exam John A Chai A Pam A . Commodore $23 500 Magna $21 500 Falcon $19 800 The system unit contains the • Motherboard • CPU • Memory • Other electronics It is where the computer program instructions are executed and the data is manipulatedThe Processor CPU The CPU interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate the computer, the CPU contain the • Control unit and the • Arithmetic logic unit Control unit The control unit directs and coordinates the computer’s operations. For every single instruction, the control unit repeats four basic operations, • Fetching • Decoding • Executing • Storing CPU speed The CPU’s speed may be measured in MIPS The number of millions of instructions per second Arithmetic/logic unit The ALU performs all calculations, which involve • Arithmetic operations 2+3 • Comparison operations age>=17 • Logical operations pass Processing instructions A CPU may begin executing a second machine cycle before completing the first-referred to as pipelining. Current CPU’s can pipeline up to 4 instructions. Storage within the CPU Registers temporarily hold data and instructions. The computer’s clock A System clock is necessary to control the timing of all computer operations. Each tick of the clock is referred to as a clock cycle. Clock speed is the speed at which a processor executes instructions. A hertz is one cycle per second and a megahertz is 1024 by1024 and a gigahertz is 1024 by 1024 by1024. Memory Memory is the temporary storage place for data and (program) instructions. Memory is measured in • Kilobytes 1024 bytes 2^10 • Megabytes 1024* 1024 bytes 2^20 • Gigabytes 1024*1024*1024 bytes 2^30 Representation of data Digital computers are built from many small electronic circuits. Each circuit, at any point of time can be turned OFF or ON. Hence these devices are called two state devices. Binary Digit 0and 1 Each off or on digital value is called a bit, short for binary digit. A 1 bit computer would be able to distinguish between two values-characters, symbols or numbers. Hardly sufficient for the characters on the keyboard Bits Characters 1 2 2 4 3 8 4 16 5 32 6 64 7 128 8 256

Scattered speckle of transient figure image wave filtering gaining specifically for pair of pulse lasers irradiate way accuracy goes and chirping to carry out the data handling method carrying out the field studying , realizing within extremely short period to microtime displacement finds the solution. Distribute the noise there being existing the intense pellet random in speckle streak image middle , bring very big deviation, to very big deviation the centre line extracting the scattered speckle streak image's, therefore, dislodging pellet random noise effect , strengthening the scattered speckle streak image is the key that the ESPI data image handles. The two pulse transient distributes a speckle since between pertinent two images the existence brightness difference, leads to interference design signal-to-noise ratio difference, existence very strong background noise, wave filtering intervening design therefore specifically for the two pulse transient distributes a speckle go and chirp extraordinary key, besieges the bottleneck problem winding scattered speckle of transient electron measurement though the wave filtering place of go and chirping to there be existing deficiency in very diversified method , but every kind of method taking form at present already distributing the speckle image, already has become. Minor wave alternation and window FFT wave filtering method are equal but the density and noise being based on a streak under the resolution ratio in diversity distribution characteristic goes to chirp, have the enhanced effect of border at the same time, the minor already with two-dimensional straggling orthogonality wave shifts success in Tsinghua University being used for pertinent figure wave filtering process middle , FFT wave filtering method belongs to but Xin Xing method in the window , has not gained more actual application. The project puts up capital by the experiment building scattered speckle of two pulse transient pilot system , collect the scattered speckle of transient intervening design, small wave alternation method and Xin Xing with two-dimensional straggling orthogonality together window FFT method leads into wave filtering process , the comparison being in progress between two kinds wave filtering method result analyses , method go along small wave alternation and window FFT wave filtering to orthogonality verifies and estimates that and comparing with the tradition middle value wave filtering method result go along,gain the conclusion estimating that.

自己不是英语专业的就别自己翻译了吧，很容易出错，找专业的机构翻译比较好，我用的editsprings。

In order to solve the general photoelectric sensor of temperature on voltage measurement system, the effect is not easy process problems, this paper puts forward a kind of electrostatic voltage sensor, the diaphragm established its mathematical model and analyzes its stability and the measurement accuracy. Theoretically electrostatic diaphragm voltage sensor to measure poling voltage requirements than the peak voltage, which is difficult to meet the conditions, thus puts forward a kind of method reducing polarization voltage and the simulation analysis, the results showed that the polarization voltage to less than the peak voltage under the condition of diaphragm, electrostatic voltage sensor can realize accurate, fast measure voltage.