药学英语论文翻译

The purpose of Natural Medicinal ChemistryFrom natural medicines in the research and development of new drugs (including the lead compound of structure modification and transformation, the total synthesis), which our study of natural medicines are the main purpose of the chemical. Pure compounds to develop new drugs is very difficult, long cycle and the high cost of chemotherapy side effects, and easy to produce drug resistance, cause injury to human health, and from green plant life of the natural active ingredients often have high security, so to natural medicine as raw materials of drugs and drug extracts in the world is increasingly popular(1) a wide range of natural products, novel structure, pharmacological screening of the hit rate than the high synthetic compounds derived from natural lead compounds promising treatment for difficult cases of new drugs, so drugs from the natural development of new drugs has become a Top research directions. It was predicted that the future of natural drugs and chemical substances will be evenly divided, and biology were the three drugs with a tendency(2) A number of natural active compounds, because there are some defects, such as efficacy is not satisfactory, or side effects must exist, or because the content is too low, shortage of resources, it is difficult to Medium derived from natural raw materials, or because the structure was too complex, synthetic is also very difficult, so there is no direct the development and utilization of their own future. However, the natural active ingredients for the lead compounds, structural modification or structural alteration, and eventually developed into new drugs. For example: synthetic morphine substitutes - is scheduled for piperaquine (meperidine), morphine is retained in the structural parts of an effective (analgesic effect of the same!), And its addictive than morphine decreased. Another example: the active ingredient in coca leaves cocaine has a very strong narcotic effect, but toxic, easy to addiction, through research design and synthesis of local anesthetics such as procaine. Again Example: to extract from the Artemisia annua with the separation of anti-malarial activity of artemisinin, is a heat-labile compounds, such as its hydrogenated, methylated derivatives artemether made after the markedly improved stability, anti - more enhanced malaria activity. 问题补充的翻译：In the 21st century, "return to nature" of the world trend, the traditional medicine once again full of great vitality and show broad prospects for development. Western medicine sector has changed the original opinion, interested in Chinese medicine to Chinese medicine in Japan, Germany, the United States and other Western developed countries has been given scant attention Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1994, set up in Los Angeles, the West has also opened a number of institutions of higher learning professional courses on Chinese medicine or the establishment of a Chinese medicine research center. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have begun to formally accept the traditional Chinese medicine compound products. This trend of Chinese medicine into the world to provide an unprecedented good opportunity. Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the inevitable trend of the modernization of Chinese medicine must be to the world and the benefit of mankind. The development of Chinese medicine is the medicine our country in the competition to win one of the effective ways.

Natural pharmaceutical chemistry purpose From developing the new drug developing in natural medicine (the structure including the guide compound polishes with make over , entire combining),this is that we study natural pharmaceutical chemistry major objective. The degree of difficulty the pure compound new drug is developed is big , the period is long , cost is high, the poisonous chemistry medicine side effect is big , easy to produce resistance to drugs, health brings about to the human body hurt, but the activity component sometimes has higher security from nature that green gets in life plant , medicine and medicine taking natural medicine as raw material extract thing favour accepting people gradually in all the countries in the world therefore.(1) is made by nature a great variety , structure are new and original , the hit rate that the pharmacology sifts is higher than composing compound , originate from natural guide compound having hope very much becoming the new drug curing difficult and complicated cases's , study direction therefore one already becoming a nowadays from the new drug developing in natural medicine is popular. Somebody forecasts , future natural medicine will have equal shares with chemistry medicine, power of assuming a situation of tripartite confrontation together with living things medicine. (2) is not the natural activity compound short, because of existence some defects, existence definitely poisons or a side effect, or resource shortage, is difficult to draw materials from natural raw material middle because contents are very low,or excessively, complicated , compose because of structure if pesticide effect is not ideal, also very difficult , develop the future making use of therefore self is not direct. And but take natural activity component as guide compound, the structure being in progress polishes or structure reforms, ultimate exploitation becomes a new example: The cries of a baby replaces the morphine combining substitution- stablely (dolantin) , (the effect is invariable now that effective in having reserved morphine structure part eases pain)! ,Use whose more obvious than morphine habituation sex lessening. Such as: In Gukeye, active constituent cocain has the very strong anaesthesia effect, but big , easily able addiction of toxicity, by studying the ethocaine designing the anaesthetic having composed waits. No matter how regular: Active Artemisia apiacea is plain from the malaria extracting having parting for in Artemisia apiacea resisting , is one kind of hot unsteady compound, the stability improves obviously after manufacturing the Wormwood A ether derivative if hydrogenate with the person , methylate,resist malaria activity strengthening especially.

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药学英语在翻译时主要采取音译法、意译法、Annotation注释法、part-translation部分翻译法、标点符号处理。

1、音译法：对一些药物专有名词及作为专有名词的缩略语和简称，通常采取直接音译的方法。如acetaminophen音译为乙酰氨基酚，ADR为不良反应等。这可以保留专有名词的识别度，也符合我国药品命名规则。

2、意译法：对表达药物作用、药理作用机制或给药方法的词组，常采用意译法。如over-the-counterdrug意译为非处方药，first-passeffect意译为首过效应，subcutaneousinjection意译为皮下注射等。这可以正确表达专业概念，便于理解。

3、Annotation注释法：在翻译药学专业文献时，常采用用注释的方式对某些专业术语进行解释或说明。如果直接翻译难以表达准确含义或可能引起误解，通常选择在文中原词后注释相应的中文释义。这有助于专业读者理解原意，也方便非专业读者查阅。

4、part-translation部分翻译法：对某些长词或专业术语，可选取其中的一部分进行翻译，同时保留原词，以兼顾可识别性和可理解性。如使用“β受体阻滞剂(Beta-blocker)”等。这在翻译药学和医学文献时较为常用。

5、标点符号处理：英语标点与汉语存在差异，翻译时需要转换为相应的汉语标点。同时，由于药品说明书与医疗文件注重准确无误，原文引号和书名号也常直接采用。这需要针对文体和性质进行规范的转换。

这些翻译策略的选择，旨在兼顾翻译的专业准确性和可理解性。通过灵活运用不同策略，可以最大限度地保留原文的专业概念和信息，同时进行必要的释义以利于非专业读者的理解，实现资料翻译的目的。药学翻译者需要对各种翻译法熟稔运用，并根据文体和目的进行规范的转换，这需要较高的语言水平和翻译技巧。

药学英语翻译工作的特点在于追求专业准确与可读性的平衡。灵活运用各种翻译策略，熟练配合释义手法，并恰当处理各种标点符号等，这体现了翻译者的专业素养与技能。这也为其他学科的英语翻译，提供了比较典型的操作模式与方法指引。

药学英语翻译的作用

第一，它实现了药学专业信息的跨语言传播。通过对药学文献与资料的翻译，可以使其信息超越语言障碍，被更广范围的人群所理解与应用。这拓展了专业信息的影响力，也促进了知识共享。

第二，它为药品全球化发展创造语言条件。随着我国药品走向全球化，翻译工作起到连接我国与国际药学界的纽带作用。高质量的翻译可以彰显我国药学研究的活力与水准，这有利于药品在国际范围内的认知度与影响力。

第三，它提高我国药学工作者对国外最新科技与管理理念的了解。高质量的翻译作品可以使我国药学工作者快速掌握国外药学进展，吸收借鉴先进的管理理念与操作模式。这有利于我国药学实践的发展与创新。