克隆的利弊英文论文范文

每一天人类正困扰着许多道德问题。由于近来 在英国研究机构宣布已成功地克隆了绵羊，还有更多的问题出现。总的问题是，“克隆还是不克隆？”全世界，医生，政治家，宗教人士，这个问题被许多团体研究许多医生认为克隆是一个进步，以帮助挽救更多人的生命。虽然特定的器官或稀有血型还有待克隆和实际提供给整个医疗界。想想看：如果有人急需进行肝脏移植手术，因为他们喝了太多酒。随着克隆技术的帮助，医生就可以克隆该人的肝细胞，产生健康，基因匹配的肝脏，从而节省了病人的生命。克隆技术产生革命性的医疗产业！ 虽然许多医生，站在的克隆一边，而许多政界人士对中间立场。许多人认为是医疗需求，但也不愿意。大多数政治家们都希望通过任何方式为自己的事情就自己一个重要问题。由于克隆尚未准备好了访问，以任何方式，向广大公众，这还不是一个大问题的政治家。由于政治人物使全世界的法律，我们将不得不等待，看看是否所有的克隆是合法的，只对部分特定用途和法律，或违法的。 大多数宗教人士是向下的克隆方面。许多人说，克隆是与事物的自然秩序搞乱。这是扮演上帝（哪一方你相信）。许多人说，克隆将夺去的生命和死亡的自然的一部分。如果是一个年轻的孩子在一场车祸中丧生，1悲痛的母亲可以拥有他克隆的。通过这样做，她没有让自己正确地愈合。她创造了一个完全不同的人从她失去了儿子的意思（即他将不可避免地有不同的个性。）。 许多人，宗教或没有，说，克隆人类可视为劣势了。这将是被奴役的克隆，器官移植的器官或收获。两者都是残酷和非常可行的争论。你想被奴役，并已采取只因为你是克隆，而不是你的器官自然出生的？ 政客，医生，和宗教团体应下车彼此的高马和谈话。沟通是这一僵局的关键。医生可以解释他们的需要，宗教团体可以告诉他们反对什么，以及政治家们能够制定法律规范的事情将如何工作。 （政治家也可以设立一个分支赶上执法和惩罚那些不遵守法律克隆代码。） 克隆或不克隆？很多人说去了。许多人说，这是不对的，这是最好的扮演上帝留给上帝。克隆可能或可能不是一件好事。

If Gray's first human anatomy solved the mystery of human structure, laid the foundation of modern medicine, but also to human beings a great deal of confusion. Nu Wa made man, the God will give to our eyes. There One day people use it for the first time in the water pleasantly surprised to see his own reflection, then people see themselves through the mirror, until now, people passed the gene of this particular mirror, to form a new look at ourselves, this look at the world . We are pleased to see that the use of broad prospects for genetic research. With the use of transgenic technology, daffodils rice genes have been implanted so that the iron content increased significantly; as people's understanding of gene cloning technology should be shipped born; first cloned sheep Dolly living people standing before; With the development of cloning technology, human organs can be cloned, is expected to take over with a new organ has been so old and damaged organs ....... all human beings seem to be as a second God, or Goddess of the second. Some say that God always answers in one hand, one hand and a question mark. Cloning is the English transliteration of the word clone, clone derived from the Greek klon The intention is that small seedlings or shoots to asexual reproduction or vegetative propagation means cultivating plants, over time, cloning has expanded the content, as long as the cells obtained from a more than 2 cells, cell populations or organisms by a pro-sequence generated by the sequence of DNA that is cloned. Clone as a double-edged sword. When the spring time, like to get people who will do grass cutting plant; a look like apples and pears taste like fruit - pear, is the use of fruit grafting culture from cuttings and grafting are essentially clones. is also a benefit to humanity. Cloning of human organs for medical development to a large extent, but is suffering from cancer or disability a gospel people. Cloning and generational relations between parents, as fathers of the human cloning, sub-generation, or the same seniority in the family or other, which we usually followed by old and young took part in starting the conflict, will be confusion all social relationships. human cloning is no kind of disrespect for human performance. human cloning, not just pieces of copy. If people are free to clone, that is, each person has countless lives. then revisit the value of life has no meaning. Does this also mean that life can be arbitrarily trampled on, and personality to any damage which in turn are usually emphasized in our respect for human life. life once they begin to talk about a person, if even on their own life autonomy are not, then what is the meaning of his survival of human cloning will benefit a mere careerist and lawless elements. We can not take into account the possibility of human cloning will lead soon as the war. careerist use human cloning to conquer the world, it seems science fiction can be seen. but in real life is not altogether unlikely. take advantage of human cloning committed crimes, crimes against personal safety even imagine. We should rationally look at cloning, it becomes beneficial to science and technology on human rather than the demise of human arms.如果说格雷的第一张人体解剖图解开了人体结构之迷,奠定了近代医学的基础,但同时也给人类带来很大的困惑. 女娲造人时,上天便赐于我们眼睛.有一天人们用它第一次在水中惊喜地看见了自己的倒影,而后人们通过镜子看自己,直到现在,人们又通过基因这一特殊的镜子,以一种全新的形式审视自己,由此审视世界.我们欣喜地看到了基因研究利用的广阔前景.随着转基技术的运用,水仙的基因已被植入水稻,使之含铁量明显的增高;随着人们对基因的了解,克隆技术应运而生;第一只克隆羊多利活生生地站在了人们面前;随着克隆技术的发展,人类的器官可以被克隆,有望用新器官接替我们已老损的器官.......如此种种让人类似乎已可充当第二个上帝,或者说第二个女娲了.有人说上帝总是一手拿着答案,一手拿着问号.克隆是英语单词clone的音译,clone源于希腊文klon,原意是细苗或嫩枝以无性繁殖或者营养繁殖的方式培育植物,随着时间的推移,克隆的内涵已经扩大了,只要是由1个细胞获得2个以上的细胞,细胞群或生物体,由一个亲本序列产生的DNA的序列,就是克隆.克隆就如一把双刃剑.每当春暖花开的时候,喜欢弄草的人便会做植物扦插;一种外观像苹果而味道似梨的水果—苹果梨,就是采用果树嫁接法培养而成的,扦插和嫁接实质上也是克隆.也是对人类的好处.克隆人体器官对医学发展也有很大促进作用,更是对身患癌症或残疾人的一个福音.克隆人与亲本间的辈分关系,克隆人该是作为父辈,子辈或同一辈分或者是其它,这与我们平常所遵循的长幼有分起了矛盾,也会混乱各种社会人际关系.克隆人是对人的不种不尊重表现.克隆人,就不只是件复制品.倘若人可以随意克隆,那就是就每个人都拥有无数次生命.此时再讲生命的价值已毫无意义了.这是否也意味着生命可以任意践踏,人格可以任意伤害 这又与我们平时所强调的尊重每个人的生命.生命只有一次又从何谈起 一个人,如果连对自已生命的自主权都没有,那他的生存意义何在 克隆人会给野心家和不法分子有利可乘.我们不能不考虑到有可能克隆人将引发一声战争.野心家利用克隆人征服全球,这似乎在科幻小说中才能见到.但现实生活中并不是完全不可能.而利用克隆人作案,危害人身安全更是可想而知.我们应该理智地看待克隆,将它变为对人类有利的科学技术而非人类走向灭亡的武器.

人类是困扰许多道德问题的每一天。 With recent由于近来 announcement that a research facility in England had successfully cloned a sheep, many more questions arose.宣布在英国研究机构已成功地克隆了绵羊，还有更多的问题出现。 The overall question is , "To clone or not to clone?"总的问题是，“克隆还是不克隆？” Many groups worldwide, doctors, politicians, religious people, have been battling with this question.全世界，医生，政治家，宗教人士，已被许多团体作战这个问题。 Many doctors believe cloning is an advancement to help save more people's lives.许多医生认为克隆是一个进步，以帮助拯救更多人的生命。 Although specific organs or rare blood types have yet to be cloned and actually made available to the general medical community.虽然特定的器官或稀有血型尚未被克隆和实际提供给整个医疗界。 Think about it: if someone desperately needed a liver transplant because they drank too much alcohol, with the aid of cloning technology, doctors would be able to clone that person's liver cells and produce a healthy, genetically matched liver, thus saving that patient's life.想想看：如果有人急需进行肝脏移植手术，因为他们喝了太多酒随着克隆技术的帮助，医生就可以克隆该人的肝细胞，产生健康，基因匹配的肝脏，从而节省了病人的生命。 Cloning could revolutionize the medical industry!克隆技术产生革命性的医疗产业！ While many doctors are on the up-side of cloning, many politicians are on middle ground.虽然许多医生，向上的克隆一边，许多政界人士对中间立场。 Many see the medical need, but are reluctant.许多人认为的医疗需求，但也不愿意。 Most politicians want something for themselves for their endorsement either way on an important issue.多数政治家们都希望通过任何方式为自己的事情就自己的一个重要问题。 Since cloning is not yet ready to be made accessible, by any means, to the general public, it is not yet a major issue to politicians.由于克隆尚未准备好了访问，以任何方式，向广大公众，这还不是一个大问题的政治家。 Since politicians make the laws worldwide, we will have to wait and see whether cloning is legal all out, only parts and specific uses legal, or all illegal.由于政治人物使全世界的法律，我们将不得不等待，看看是否所有的克隆是合法的，只对部分特定用途和法律，或违法的。 Most religious people are on the down-side of cloning.大多数宗教人士是向下的克隆方面。 Many say that cloning is messing with the natural order of things.许多人说，克隆是与事物的自然秩序搞乱。 That it's playing God (which ever one you believe in).这是扮演上帝（哪一方你相信）。 Many say that cloning will take away the natural part of life and death.许多人说，克隆将夺走的生命和死亡的自然组成部分。 If a young child is killed in a car accident, a grief stricken mother could have him cloned.如果是一个年轻的孩子在一场车祸中丧生，1悲痛的母亲可以拥有他克隆的。 By doing this, she did not let herself rightly heal.通过这样做，她没有让自己正确地愈合。 She created a totally different human being from her lost son ( in the sense that inevitably he will have a different personality.).她创造了一个完全不同的人从她失去了儿子的意思（即他将不可避免地有不同的个性。）。 Many, religious or not, say that cloned humans may be looked down upon as inferior.许多人，宗教或没有，说，克隆人类可视为劣势了。 That clones will be enslaved, or harvested for organs organ transplants.这将是被奴役的克隆，器官移植的器官或收获。 Both are cruel and very viable arguments .两者都是残酷和非常可行的争论。 Would you want to be enslaved and have your organs taken just because you were cloned and not born naturally?你想被奴役，并已采取只因为你是克隆，而不是自然出生的器官？ The politicians, doctors, and religious groups should get off their high horses and talk with one another.政治家，医生，宗教团体应下车彼此的高马和谈话。 Communication is the key to this deadlock.通信是对这个僵局的关键。 Doctors could explain what they need, the religious groups could tell what they object to, and the politicians could make laws regulating how things will work.医生可以解释他们的需要，宗教团体可以告诉他们反对什么，以及政治家们能够制定法律规范的事情将如何工作。 (The politicians could also set up a branch of law enforcement to catch and punish those not adhering to the legal cloning code.) （政治家也可以设立一个分支赶上执法和惩罚那些不遵守法律克隆代码）。 To clone or not to clone?克隆或不克隆？ Many say go for it.很多人说去了。 Many say it's not right; that playing God is best left to God.许多人说，这是不对的，这是最好的扮演上帝留给上帝。 Cloning may or may not be a good thing.克隆可能或可能不是一件好事。 希望对你有帮助

What is Cloning? 什么是克隆技术？Cloning(克隆技术) is the most attractive story of the new biotechnologies(生物技术) and the one which causes the most heated discussion over its worth. Here are answers to the most common questions about . What is cloning?Cloning is the creation of cells or whole animals using DNA(脱氧核糖核酸) from a single "parent", bypassing(绕道而行) the normal reproductive process. The clone has the same DNA to the . Is cloning unnatural?No. Clones are always produced by natural means in the shape of identical twins(同卵孪生).3. How are clones created?The most common process takes DNA from one cell and puts in a hollowed-out(挖空的；掏空的) egg. Chemicals and electricity are then used to encourage the new DNA to fuse with(与…合并) the egg and develop into an embryo(胎儿). This technique is called nuclear transfer(核迁移). was Dolly(世界上的第一只克隆羊) important?The sheep was the first mammal(哺乳动物) to be cloned using DNA taken from an adult cell. Previously(以前), animals had only been cloned using embryo cells which already have the potential(潜力) to become a complete embryo in its own right(继承父母的). The big breakthrough with Dolly was to make a clone from an ordinary, adult cell - in this case from a female goat's udder(乳房).5. Are clones normal, healthy animals?Dolly is, but scientist do not yet know whether this is the exception(例外) or the rule. Some early evidence suggest that clones may have health problems and that they may age prematurely(早衰的，未老先衰). a human clone be born soon?In theory, yes. The techniques used to create Dolly could be applied to(运用；适用) humans. But the technology of reproductive cloning is still in its very early stages and there is much that scientists do not understand. It took more than 200 attempts(努力；试验) to make Dolly. The other embryos failed to implant(播种) in the surrogate(代理；代替) mother or were miscarried. Even if a clone makes it to birth, at present it has a very low chance of surviving into adult anyone said they will make live human clones?A number of people have, including Chicago physicist Dr Richard Seed. However, few experts believe that these people have the skills to . Are there any benefits from cloning?Yes. The techniques used have already demonstrated(展示) benefits. Polly, another sheep clone at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh has had a human gene(基因) inserted so that it produces a blood clotting((血的)凝结) agent needed by haemophiliacs(血友症) in its milk. Cloning of human cells in a laboratory could offer perfectly-matched tissue(（动物的）组织) for surgical or genetic repair of does the law stand on live human clones?In the UK, human cloning is already banned(禁止) by law. President Bill Clinton has proposed banning research into producing human clones in the US for five years. Some measures have also been made to establish international agreements banning live human clones.