科技类英语文章翻译中英

这是《科学美国人》杂志上的《PLASTICS GET WIRED》Like many technological advances, the innovations in the field ofconducting polymers began by accident. While attempting tomake an organic polymer called polyacetylene in the early1970s, Hideki Shirakawa of the Tokyo Institute of Technology mistakenlyadded 1,000 times more catalyst than the recipe called for. What he producedwas a lustrous, silvery film that resembled aluminum foil butstretched like Saran Wrap—something that sounds more like a new andimproved way to keep leftovers fresh than a potential breakthrough inmaterials substance appeared so unusual that when Alan G. MacDiarmidspied it, he wondered if it would be a candidate for his goal of making“synthetic metals”—nonmetallic substances that could transmit 1977 Shirakawa joined MacDiarmid and Alan J. Heeger in their laboratoryat the University of Pennsylvania to investigate this form of mixing in some iodine, the group found that the material’sconductivity subsequently jumped by a factor of several , cheap, manufacturable and flexible, conducting polymers inspiredvisions of a future of transparent circuits, artificial muscle and electronicdisplays that conveniently roll up under the arm. Researchers haveauditioned various demonstration devices, including components thatcould be useful for new displays, such as plastic transistors and light-emittingdiodes (LEDs). Although such a future is about as dreamy as it gets,many investigators see broad marketing opportunities possible now—inantistatic coatings, electromagnetic shielding, lights for toys and microwaveovens, among others. Perhaps mundane, such applications are nonethelesspromising enough that universities are collaborating with corporations,and scientists have initiated the pace of technological innovation has been impressivelybrisk, whether the materials will have an effect on commerce remains are unlikely to invest in new equipment if the devices performonly marginally better than existing instruments. Polymer-based batteries,for instance, have a longer shelf life than do conventional ones, but theyhave penetrated the market in only a limited way. Flat-panel displays andLEDs made of organic substances face entrenched competition from existinginorganic liquid crystals and , optimism pervades the field. Because plastic and electrical deviceshave become integral parts of the modern world, researchers are confidentthat at least some profitable uses will emerge. Conducting polymers constitutea radically novel market area, points out Ray H. Baughman of Allied-Signal in Morristown, ., who predicts confidently, “Fortunes aregoing to be made.”Polymers, the constituents of familiar plastic materials and syntheticfibers, are large organic molecules built out of smaller ones linked togetherin a long chain. Generally, they are insulators, because their moleculeshave no free electrons for carrying current. To make these substances conductive,workers exploit a technique familiar to the semiconducting industry:doping, or adding atoms with interesting electronic properties. Theadded atoms either give up some of their spare electrons to the polymerbonds or grab some electrons from the bonds (and thereby contribute positivecharges called holes). In either case, the chain becomes electrically a voltage can then send electrons scampering over thelength of the polymer.《MICROPROCESSORS IN 2020》Unlike many other technologies that fed our imaginationsand then faded away, the computer hastransformed our society. There can be little doubtthat it will continue to do so for many decades to come. Theengine driving this ongoing revolution is the microprocessor,the sliver of silicon that has led to countless inventions, suchas portable computers and fax machines, and has added intelligenceto modern automobiles and wristwatches. Astonishingly,the performance of microprocessors has improved25,000 times over since their invention only 27 years have been asked to describe the microprocessor of predictions in my opinion tend to overstate the worthof radical, new computing technologies. Hence, I boldly predictthat changes will be evolutionary in nature, and not so, if the microprocessor continues to improveat its current rate, I cannot help but suggest that 25 yearsfrom now these chips will empower revolutionary software tocompute wonderful things.《HOW THE SUPERTRANSISTORWORKS》Although it is rarely acknowledged,not one but two distinctelectronic revolutionswere set in motion by the invention ofthe transistor 50 years ago at Bell TelephoneLaboratories. The better knownof the two has as its hallmark the trendtoward miniaturization. This revolutionwas fundamentally transformed in thelate 1950s, when Robert N. Noyce andJack Kilby separately invented the integratedcircuit, in which multiple transistorsare fabricated within a single chipmade up of layers of a semiconductormaterial. Years of this miniaturizationtrend have led to fingernail-size sliversof silicon containing millions of transistors,each measuring a few microns andconsuming perhaps a millionth of a wattin operation. 如果需要更多跟我联系，我有pdf版的资料。

第一篇Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in human scientists at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.第二篇Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to identify which experiences can influence healthy development in human scientists at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.第三篇The authors develop and test a multiclassifier-based near-real-time face detection system based on the premise that a three-part strategy is necessary for designing real-time face detection systems that provide high detection rates. The critical factors for real-time face detection are based on a framework of multiple classification functions: (1) a skin classification function is used as the preliminary stage in order to prune the search, localize the computation, and therefore improve performance time; (2) subsequently, three coarse-to-fine statistical model based classifiers are used to scan the windows and discard most non-face windows; and (3) finally, faces and non-faces are verified from images. The bagging ensemble algorithm (bootstrap aggregating) is also applied to improve the performance of detection rates. 第四篇Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient —no matter where he or she may be. Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient’s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past. Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need—especially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts’ opinions. But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world — CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service. Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts’ opinions and diagnosis are common.（这片有点长） 第五篇High-Tech Expo will be quietly into the footsteps of our campus, the annual "scientific and technological Month" activities started! We look forward to the most interesting is the High-Tech Expo will be it! Day after day passed, and finally to Saturdays! It is with emotion sitting in their seats, Hao teacher "order", we will quickly pick up the experimental equipment in high spirits to start the experiment. "We have to do is this group of 'interesting siphon' welcome to visit!" I cried loudly, Sun Xuhui only curiosity left over, we looked suspicious, I did not miss a good opportunity for each, said: " , Take a look at our test! "You do not want to see the glass reversed, changing the water will be able to go to it? "I like the" bombard "like to introduce a non-stop," Oh, look carefully! First of all, the pipe filled with water, followed after a glass of water, access to water 1 cup on the table, the empty 2 cup lightly boosting, and low point, "Bai Baishou I let Yan Kai-day 2 cups hold air at the same time Fanlianniejin the end of the tube, I gently hose and hold the other end, went on to say: "I have to do a good job of this process, and then look! Now, we were put on both ends of the glass are No. 1 and No. 2 empty cup, there have been wonderful scene, 1 cup of water flow on a 2 cup. Gradually, you will find that 1 cup of the air, on the contrary, the 2 cups filled with 1 cup of water. You want to know why? "Sun Xuhui see Huale Yan, Siyousiwu nodded, as if a child's desire for knowledge, taking advantage of this time, I had to step up the" attack ":" The principle is to siphon hose in the liquid, and the two ends are Niejin So Guanzi have a negative pressure, and then put them into two cups, to promote access to the water hose, which is siphon! "I nod after presentation, Sun Xuhui nodded, satisfied to leave our team. High-Tech Expo will, "visit" the group more and more people, this could be really popular science projects ah! High-Tech Expo will be the end, I think wistfully: Qin minds, our life is full of interesting, original, primary and secondary school students which we can hold our own, "Cobo" Yes!

PrefaceThe ARPANET – the Department of Defense network that is the ancestor of today’s Internet—was built in the late sixties using a proprietary protocol suite. This first protocol proved to have shortcomings for linking with other networks, which led to the development of Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP used 32-bit address numbers. These soon proved to be unwieldy for most users, even when expressed in the less daunting formant of four 8-bit decimal numbers, delimited by periods. The obvious solution was a scheme for addressing computers by name. After all, people relate much better to names and find it much easier to remember the computer in the corner as “Frodo,” rather than “.”The First Generation: Hot TablesThe desire to refer to machines by name instead of number led to the first IP address management scheme: the host table. The host table is a file that contains all the IP address in use on a network, along with their names. The host table provides a mapping from a host’s name to its IP address, as well as reverse mapping: Given a host’s IP address, the user can look up its name. For a host table to be most user useful, it must contain the names of all the hosts with which a given host might want to communicate. For the ARPANET, that mean that the host table had to contain the names and IP address of every host on the network. Such a file was maintained by the Network Information Center (NIC), the central organization responsible for managing the ARPANET. The file was called and was similar in format to the/etc/hosts file on UNIX. Network administrators all over the network e-mailed host table changed to the NIC every time they added or deleted a host or changed a host’s IP address. The NIC made the changes to its master host table, which it made available via File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Administrators periodically downloaded the latest version of the host table to stay current.