激励理论论文外文文献

当今世界竞争是人才的竞争，高素质的人力资本是酒店业得以健康持续稳定发展的根本保证。随着酒店从业人员素质，思想观念及自我发展意识和民主观念的不断增强，酒店这一以人为本的服务行业在人力资源管理中暴露出员工积极性低服务意识低人员流失率升高等方面的题。因此本文从现状分析、物质激励、精神激励、以及激励体系的建立四个方面又结合了星级酒店人力资源管理的实际情况，对现代酒店管理中的激励机制做了初步的研究。另外还提出一些开发酒店人力资本，提高酒店人力资本水平的策略及措施。 第1章 酒店业的现状分析 酒店业的竞争，归根结底是人才的竞争。管理的核心问题，是人的问题。在酒店管理中运用人力资源管理获得竞争优势的案例越来越多。 案例：报纸杂志不断刊登文章报道服务业的不良状况，一线员工错误不断、态度恶劣简直是置顾客于不顾。缺少技术熟练的员工，面对高人员的流失率，深受其苦的服务业必须向那些与顾客接触的企业注入新的生命力。分析研究表明：当一个人被高度激励时，他会努力工作主动向顾客提供尽可能好的服务；而没有被激励时，他会尽可能的节省精力。现代管理者的首要任务就是要点燃员工内心的工作热情之火，以此驱动员工在工作中展现的出色，从而实现组织所期望的最佳绩效。在企业中出色的领导者已经认识到这点，只有“以人为本”的企业管理，才能在如今激烈的竞争中生存、发展、兴旺。管理是一门艺术，员工激励是艺术中的艺术，员工是企业的灵魂。设计有效的员工激励机制，才能提高员工的积极性。使其才能在不同的企业文化不同的组织结构和不同的企业环境中发挥其最大的潜能，从而实现组织的期望目标。首先姑且让我把激励方法分为三类：物质激励、精神激励和激励机制的设计，通过对这三类的分析和了解，才能让我们理解激励机制的作用和意义，从而才能为企业建立有效激励体系。下面我们把激励的方法分为两类：物质激励和精神激励；通过对这些激励方法的了解和认识，才能让我们意识到激励机制的作用。 第2章物质激励 物质激励是指通过物质刺激的方法鼓励职工工作。 它的主要表现形式有正激励，如发工资、奖金、津贴、福利等；负激励如罚款等。物质需要是人类的第一需要，是人们从事一切社会活动的基本动因，所以，物质激励是激励的主要模式，也是目前我国企业内部使用的非常普遍的一种激励模式。 正激励法 奖励是指饭店组织对员工的良好行为举止或工作表现给予的积极肯定与表彰。奖励作为员工激励的一种手段，目的在于促使受奖励的员工将他们的模范行为加以保持和发扬，并成为全体员工的表率，为奋员工队伍的士气起到积极的推动作用。运用好这一手段还要注意以下几点：（一）奖励要及时，且奖励方法要不断创新。（二）注意对其他员工的心理疏导化。不断定下新的目标，淡化过去着眼未来，树立正确的公平观。（三）.重视对团体的奖励，在现代饭店活动中组织目标的实现，员工个人的尊严与成就，都需要经过群体的共同努力才能得以实现，因此重视团体激励，有利于在员工中形成统一的思想认识，增强凝聚力提高员工的竞争力。 负激励法 惩罚是一种负激励，是现代饭店为了纠正员工工作中的不良行为，而才取的一种强制措施。应用得当，对不妥行为能取得很好的威慑作用。但万万不可以惩罚为主，只能作为一种辅助手段，否则就会适得其反。在运用这一手段时要注意以下几点：（一）不能不教而诛。应当把教育放在第一位，对屡教不改或造成严重后果者实施惩罚，且注意不可以罚代管。（二）选择合理有效的惩罚方式，且不可打击面过大，还要注意不可全盘否定，以小即大，伤害员工的心理。（三）将灵活性与原则性向结合，坚持原则，执法要严。在严格依照规定制度的前提下，一定的灵活性是完全必要的，因此在激励时要严格合理，严的合情，从而达到教育一大批的目的，虽说，物质激励不是万能的，但我们要合理的运用物质激励这一把双刃剑。例如：在洲济集团就有这样的一个管理方案，当员工第一天来到公司工作时，公司就会对员工的一些家庭情况经济条件等多方面做一个了解，对这一了解就建立了员工的个人资料，在日常的工作中有关人员对资料进行分析，在以后的工作中，管理者就会对以前的分析对员工实施有效的激励方案。全面的了解员工的需求和工作质量的好坏，不断的根据情况制定精确的激励方法，从而调动酒店的每为员工实现应有的业绩。 第3章精神激励 美国管理学家皮特就曾指出“重赏会带来副作用，因为高的奖金会使彼此封锁消息，影响工作的正常开展，整个社会的风气就会不正”。因此企业单用物质激励不一定能起到作用，所以又产生另一种激励方法——精神激励。就这一激励我大致分为以下几种：目标激励竞争激励及参与激励等。 In today's world competition is the talent competition, high-quality human capital is the hotel industry continued to be healthy and stable development of the fundamental guarantee. With the hotel employees in the quality of ideas and sense of self-development and growing the concept of democracy, the hotel that the people-oriented service sector in terms of human resource management staff revealed low awareness of service with low staff turnover rate increased the title and so on. This paper analyzes the status quo, therefore, material incentives, moral incentives, as well as the incentive system and a combination of four-star hotel human resources management of the actual situation of the modern hotel management incentive mechanism has done a preliminary study. In addition, some hotels in human capital development to improve the human capital level of the hotel's strategy and measures. Chapter 1 Analysis of the hotel industry Hotel industry, in the final analysis is the talent competition. Management of the core issue is the question. In hotel management in the use of human resources management to obtain a competitive advantage more and more cases. Case: newspapers and magazines continue to publish articles reporting the adverse conditions of the service sector, front-line staff error continuously, the attitude of the poor is ignored customers home. Lack of skilled staff, in the face of the high rate of loss of the services sector is suffering to those who come into contact with customers to inject new vitality enterprises. Analysis showed that: when a person was a high degree of motivation, he will take the initiative to work hard to provide the customers with the best possible service; and have not been inspired, he will save energy as much as possible. The primary task of modern managers is to kindle the enthusiasm of staff working inside the fire, to drive the staff work to show the outstanding organizations in order to achieve the best performance expectations. In the enterprise has been an excellent leader in recognition of this point, only the "people-oriented" corporate governance can be in today's fierce competition for survival, development, and prosperity. Management is an art, staff motivation is the art of art, the soul of the enterprise employees. Staff to design effective incentive mechanism to increase the enthusiasm of the staff. So that it can be in various different corporate culture and organizational structure of the enterprise environment to play their maximum potential in order to achieve the expectations of the target organizations. Let us first of all, let me incentive divided into three categories: material incentives, moral incentives and the design of incentive mechanisms, through these three types of analysis and understanding, so that we understand the role of incentive mechanism and significance of the enterprise so as to establish an effective incentive system. We are encouraged by the following methods to fall into two categories: material and spiritual encouragement and incentives; incentives of these methods of understanding and knowledge in order to let us realize that the role of incentives. Chapter 2 material incentives Material incentives is the way to the adoption of incentives to encourage trade union work. Its main manifestations of positive incentives, such as wages, bonuses, allowances, benefits, etc.; negative incentives such as fines. Material needs is the first of human needs, is engaged in social activities of all the basic motive, therefore, the material incentives to encourage the main mode is the internal use of Chinese enterprises are very common mode of an incentive. Excitation method is Hotel reward is the good organization of the behavior of employees or work performance and in recognition of the positive. Incentives as a means of staff motivation, incentives designed to induce employees by their exemplary acts to maintain and carry forward and set an example for all staff, for staff morale Fen play a positive role in promoting. Make good use of this means we must pay attention to the following: (a) awards to be timely, and an incentive to innovation. (B) the attention of other employees of the psychological. Constantly set new goals, to play down the past focus on the future, to establish a correct view of the fair. (C). Emphasis on incentive groups, activities in a modern hotel in the achievement of organizational goals, personal dignity and achievements, both need to go through the joint efforts of groups can be achieved, the emphasis on incentive groups, is conducive to the formation of a unified staff the ideological understanding, and enhance the cohesion of staff to enhance their competitiveness. negative excitation method Punishment is a negative incentive is a modern hotel staff in order to correct the bad behavior, and to obtain a compulsory measure. Applied correctly, can be made to the wrong acts of a very good deterrent. However, employees must not be punished mainly as a supplementary means only, otherwise it will backfire. In the use of the means to pay attention to the following points: (a) those that can not teach and to punish. Give education top priority should be on the incorrigible or those who have serious consequences for the implementation of punishment, and punishment can not be hosted attention. (B) select a reasonable and effective punishment, and the scope can not be too large, but not a total negation of the attention to small or large, the psychological harm to employees. (C) will be a matter of principle to the combination of flexibility and principles, adhered to more stringent enforcement. In strict accordance with the provisions of the system under the premise of a certain degree of flexibility is absolutely necessary, so in a reasonable incentive to be strict, strict fair, a large number so as to achieve the purpose of education, although, material incentives is not a panacea, but we have to reasonable use of material incentives that a double-edged sword. For example: in the Jeju Island Group has a management program such that when the staff came to the company the first day of work, the company will staff the case of some families, such as economic conditions in a multifaceted understanding of the understanding on the establishment of a staff personal data, in the day-to-day work of the staff analysis of data, work in the future, managers will be on the previous analysis of the implementation of effective employee incentive program. Comprehensive understanding of the needs of employees and the quality of work is good or bad, according to the situation of constant incentive to develop accurate, thereby mobilizing the hotel staff to achieve each and every performance should be. Inspire the spirit of Chapter 3 Management experts point out that Pitt had "side-effects will be rewarded, because of the high prize money would blockade the news to each other and affect the normal development, the social atmosphere will be errors." Enterprise alone, therefore the material may not be able to play the role of incentives, so they have another incentive - the spirit of encouragement. On this incentive, I roughly divided into the following categories: goals motivation and participation in competitive incentives and other incentives.( ^_^ )如果符合要求的话请采纳哦