紫色的花瓶
The lighter drive 更轻便的驾驶理念Electric cars made from carbon fibre will be safer and go farther 电瓶汽车+碳纤维材料=安全，耐用They look safe in thereMARK WEBBER has a lot to thank tiny strands of carbon for. When his Formula 1 car cartwheeled in a spectacular 306kph (190mph) crash at the recent Valencia Grand Prix, what helped him to escape unscathed was the immensely strong carbon-fibre “tub” that racing drivers now sit in. Carbon fibre is an expensive alternative to making things in steel or aluminium, but besides being extremely strong it is also very light. It is found in high-performance parts, like aircraft wings, bits of supercars and the frames of pricey mountain bikes. But if work by Germany’s BMW proves successful, it could also become the material of choice to mass-produce electric 月，F1瓦伦西亚大奖赛发生了惊人一幕：以每小时306公里（190英里）行驶在赛道上的马克�6�1韦伯发生了严重的翻车事故。奇迹的是，韦伯本人毫发无 伤。奥妙之处就在于当下流行于F1的——碳纤维底座。虽然与铁，铝相比，它的造价较高，但是抗压及轻便性都远远好于铁和铝。目前，炭纤维材料还大多使用在 高精度领域，如飞机机翼，F1赛车，或是私人山地车等。不过这一传统观念可能会被宝马公司打破，一旦试验成功，那么碳纤维就可以率先广泛应用在电动汽车领 域。The Bavarian carmaker plans to launch a new plug-in electric car in 2013. It will be one of the first designed from scratch to use an electric motor rather than being converted from an existing model. Reducing the weight of this four-seater car, known as the Megacity concept, will be crucial to improving its performance and range. So BMW is planning to use no steel at all. The Megacity will be built as two modules: an aluminium chassis will contain the electric drive-system and battery, and a body made almost entirely of carbon fibre will be fitted onto it. 德国汽车制造商正计划将在2013年推出一款电瓶可拆卸式环保车。这并不是从现有车型改装而来，而是设计师卧薪尝胆的一次全新尝试。更轻便的4人坐驾，完 全符合现代城市环保理念，这款“无铁”车型的设计，彰显出了它的与众不同与理念上的更新换代。但是这样一个设想目前还处在起步阶段，或许成功的那天，汽车 铝制底盘上充电驾驶装置与设备，及全身碳纤维的设计工艺，能够更好的诠释大城市的环保概念。Carbon fibre is 30% lighter than aluminium and 50% lighter than steel. The fibres are extremely tear-resistant. When woven into a lattice structure and impregnated with resin they can produce a part that is stronger than steel. The trouble is the process is labour-intensive and slow, not least because components may have to be cured for hours under pressure in massive ovens called autoclaves. For carmakers, used to stamping out steel body-parts in a few seconds, this has ruled out carbon fibre for high-volume production. BMW, however, aims to change that.碳纤维比铝轻便30%，是铁的50%。同时，由于纤维具有极强的抗断裂性，再融入树脂形成晶体结构后，那么它的强度就要超过铁。但是这道工序属于劳动密集 型，效率相对较低，以前车用铁制品的切割仅需要几秒钟时间就能完成，而现在则需要在高压炉内高温锻造几个小时，因此，大量生产碳纤维的可能性不高。不过， 宝马公司目前也正在试图改变这一情况。Its production line starts with a so-called precursor: a fibre spun from a polymer. This is carbonised by heating it in multiple stages to leave individual carbon fibres just seven microns ( millimetres) thick. Around 50,000 of these fibres are bundled together into a yarn which is then made into a fabric. This can be cut and handled like a textile. Strips of fabric are then overlaid to align their fibres in such a way to maximise their load-bearing characteristics as required—in effect tailoring components like a bespoke suit. 现在，宝马生产线守开先河，将聚合体加工成纤维状，这个碳化过程需要在高温下进行几道工序，最后产生的碳纤维厚度只有7微米（毫米）。然后，大 概将5000根这样的纤维拧成一股就成了纤维织物，再将这样的纤维根据它的陌生能力将它切割成最合适的尺寸，实际上，这个步骤与量体裁衣有异曲同工之妙。Along come the robots 自动机将助一臂之力BMW uses molds, heat and pressure to produce contours in the fabric. Resin is then injected into the molds to bond the fibres together. How the resin flows through the fibres is crucial; it has to be done quickly and leave no area untreated before it starts to cure. A release agent in the resin migrates to the surface to prevent the component sticking in the mold. The whole process, which can be handled by robots, is completed in minutes.然后，再利用模具与高温将纤维织物打造成型。首先，将树脂注入模具粘合纤维，这里有两个细节非常关键，一是动作要快不能拖泥带水，二是在没有粘合之前确保 模具内的树脂流向均匀。树脂中混有的隔离剂此时发挥功效，避免了纤维与模具发生粘连。整道工序，在自动仪器的协助下，仅需几分钟便可完成。The resulting carbon-fibre parts are bonded together to construct the body of the car. Besides their lightness, BMW’s experimental vehicles have exceeded expectations in crash tests, says the company. During front- and rear-impact-tests the aluminium chassis crumples to absorb energy, but leaves the rigid carbon-fibre passenger compartment intact. Even extreme side-impacts protected the crash dummies and the battery (automatically switched off when the airbags trigger). In many cases crash damage is reparable by cutting out broken sections of carbon fibre and bonding in new ones. 此时的碳纤维就可以应用于汽车制造。宝马公司声称：除了超轻便的特性之外，碳纤维的抗挤压能力也令人惊叹。在对车头车尾抗冲击测试中发现，一方面是铝制底 盘受到挤压而变形，缓冲了部分能量，而坚硬的碳纤维能够保证车身安然无恙。即使是侧面来的强力冲击，也能够有效保护车厢内假人模型及电瓶毫发无伤（当然， 气囊装置启动电瓶能够自动断电）。即便是车身有所受损，也不用担心，切割掉受损部分再粘合上新部件，完全可以让车体恢复原状。At some point, however, carbon-fibre cars will be scrapped. Steel and aluminium is easy to recycle, but carbon fibre is tricky. Carmakers are working with aerospace firms on ways to do it. BMW has pioneered a process to reuse offcuts by breaking them up with heat to turn them back into raw material. This can be used to make composites with about half the strength of new carbon fibre.铝的回收再利用技术已经非常成熟，但是从某角度来说，碳纤维这方面的技术还有待研究。目前，制造商正和宇宙空间机构合作，试图填补这一空白。眼下，处理碳 纤维“边脚料”最先进的方法还是来自宝马公司，他们通过高温分解，能够使之退回成未加工状态。通过此种方法生产出的复合材料也具有碳纤维一半的硬度。Another advantage of a carbon-fibre body is that it will not corrode. So, apart from the battery wearing out in ten years or so, electric cars could last for decades (electric motors need little servicing). This will make it even harder for car designers to persuade those driving electrically to trade in their rustless, tough-as-old-boots vehicles for a new model.碳纤维的另一优势在于不易腐蚀，如果不考虑电瓶10年左右的使用寿命，这种碳纤维电瓶汽车可以使用长达几十年（当然马达还是需要检修的）。与结实耐穿的靴 子让人不忍丢弃一样，当设计理念再有突飞猛进的发展时，如何让使用者放弃碳纤维电瓶汽车，设计者可要好好动一番脑筋喽。英文附带汉语拼音，希望对你有所帮助。
燃烧吧猪五花
CAN bus in the electric vehicle monitoring system of Abstract Now, CAN, high-performance and reliability has been recognized and was widely used in industrial automation, marine, medical equipment, industrial equipment, and so on. Field Bus is the development of automation technology One of the focuses of the area known as automated computer LAN. It is a distributed control system to achieve real-time between the nodes, reliable data communications providing strong technical support. CAN bus belonging to the scene of the areas, it is an effective support for real-time control of distributed control or serial communication network. Compared with many of the current RS-485 based on the R line Construction of the Distributed Control System, based on the CAN bus distributed control system has obvious advantages. In this paper, occupies a lot of relevant information based on the comprehensive use of various methods of the CAN bus in the electric vehicle monitoring system in the application of theory and an analysis of development issues, and some of the problems raised his own views. The full text is divided into four parts: The first part of the main topics on the background and content of the subjects studied in the context of topics to write on the CAN bus status and significance in the research described in the content of the object of measurement requirements and complete the task of this paper. The second part, write data acquisition module design, from the SJA1000 CAN-based communications port design, acquisition, the electric car design; electric car design capacity of the collection node consists of three parts. The third part, mainly to write the electric vehicle monitoring network design, the first Fieldbus awakened comparison and choice, selected after the introduction of the CAN bus, the last of the SJA1000 CAN bus controller is introduced. The fourth part is really on the reliability of the system design for discussion, data from the calibration, the anti-jamming software and hardware design of the anti-jamming design in three areas to address the reliability of the system problems. Key words :Fieldbus; CAN bus; SJA1000; nodes;
草莓天天见
纯电动汽车论文的参考文献
[1]杨孝纶.电动汽车技术发展趋势及前景（上）[J].汽车科技.2007（06）.
[2]杨孝纶，刘晓康，汪斌.电动汽车技术发展趋势及前景[J].变频器世界.2007（07）.
[3]杨孝纶.电动汽车技术发展趋势及前景（下）[J].汽车科技.2008（01）.
[4]余群明，石小波，王雄波，杨振东.电动汽车技术（5）电动汽车电控系统发展现状及其趋势[J].大众用电.2008（05）.
[5]曹秉刚，张传伟，白志峰，李竟成.电动汽车技术进展和发展趋势[J].西安交通大学学报.2004（01）.
[1].范从山.电动汽车技术原理及发展展望[J].扬州职业大学学报.2007，03
[2].祝占元.电动汽车[M]?黄河水利出版社.2007，09
[3].高义民.现代电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车和燃料电池车[M].机械工业出版社.2008
[4].陈世全.燃料电池电动汽车[M].清华大学出版社.2005，5
[5].刘长江.充电站之战电动汽车新机遇[J].第一财经周刊.2010，4
[1]陈翌，孔德洋.德国新能源汽车产业政策及其启示[J].德国研究，2014，01：71-81+127.
[2]罗布·恩德勒，沈建苗.客户体验：特斯拉的取胜法宝[J].IT经理世界，2014，18：38-39.
[3]李美霞.基于消费者视角的纯电动汽车购买决策影响因素及市场化研究[D].华东理工大学，2014.
[4]朱成章.对我国发展纯电动汽车的质疑与思考[J].中外能源，2010，09：11-15.
推三轮去拉萨
查到10篇关于电动车的文献。我想能适合楼主的可能有个一篇两篇吧。如果楼主感兴趣，可以发邮件到，我发给你全文。[1]O'Keefe, M., K. Bennion, and . Laboratory, Comparison of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Electronics Cooling Options. 2008: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.[2]Shabashevich, A., et al., Consumer Ready Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Team-Fate, University of California, Davis. http://www. teamfate. net/technical/UCDavis_Spring2007_TechReport. pdf, 2007.[3]Rousseau, A., S. Pagerit, and D. Gao. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy Parameter Optimization. 2007.[4]Syed, F., et al., Derivation and Experimental Validation of a Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Model. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, 2006. 55(6): p. 1731.[5]Moreno, J., M. Ortúzar, and J. Dixon, Energy-Management System for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Using Ultracapacitors and Neural Networks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 2006. 53(2).[6]Miller, J., Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion System Architectures of the e-CVT Type. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006. 21(3): p. 756-767.[7]Markel, T. and A. Simpson. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System Design. 2006.[8]Wang, C., O. Stielau, and G. Covic, Design considerations for a contactless electric vehicle battery charger. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2005. 52(5): p. 1308-1314.[9]Musardo, C., et al. A-ECMS: An Adaptive Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management. 2005: IEEE; 1998.[10]Faiz, J., et al., Sensorless direct torque control of induction motors used in electric vehicle. Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, 2003. 18(1): p. 1-10.
云片儿糕
沃尔沃车标历史：In June 1915, "Volvo" name first appeared in a ball on the SFK, and formally at the Royal Swedish Patent and Trademark Registration Board registered as trade marks. Since that date, SKF companies produce go each group of automotive side of ball and roller bearings, are marked with a new Volvo Latin, "Volvere" is the verb "roll" (rolling) and infinitives, for example, a pistol with a runner is called "revolver". In the use of first person singular form, the verb "volvere" becomes "volvo", "I roll" is "I go forward" means. Therefore, Volvo means "rolling forward." At present the Chinese name of unification as "Volvo", in the past have also had the "rich" in Chinese cars marked by a graph composed of three parts: the first part of the circles represent the Roman god of war Mars, which is the ancient chemical symbol for iron - an arrow inside the circle, the arrow pointing diagonally upwards to the upper right corner. In Western civilization, this can be regarded as the oldest and most common of a trademark, which originated in the Roman Empire, is Mars, the Roman god of war and men masculine symbol of the concept of three different qualities, thus also embodies Mars and then to use to make the majority of weapons between the initial source of iron. Because of this, the flag has long been the world including Switzerland, as a symbol of the steel industry. The reason why the car on the use of the brand logo on behalf of iron is to allow people to recall the glorious tradition of the Swedish iron and steel industry, as well as a strong steely second part is diagonal, set in the radiator from the upper left to lower right in favor of a diagonal ribbons. This band was originally out of technical considerations, is used to sign fixed to the grille on Mars, then it has gradually evolved into a decorative sign and become the most obvious sign of Volvo third part is a registered trademark of Volvo company, is the font used for writing the ancient Egyptian word 1927 was successfully manufactured the first cars on display on the integrity of all of the company logo. This car marked the beginning since the first one has been in use since Volvo cars, Volvo's car as a clear sign of unusual. In addition, Volvo the center of the steering wheel can be seen the iron symbol.够吗？ 不够我再发，我已经打给你的邮箱了！ 给我分吧！
新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置），综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新
我许你一世安好 4人参与回答 2023-12-07 纯电动汽车论文的参考文献 [1]杨孝纶.电动汽车技术发展趋势及前景（上）[J].汽车科技.2007（06）. [2]杨孝纶，刘晓康，汪斌.电动汽车技术发展趋势及
北冰洋的海豚 4人参与回答 2023-12-07 新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置），综合车辆的动力操控和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新
夏雨落荷塘 3人参与回答 2023-12-10 学术堂整理了一份汽车系毕业论文范文，供大家进行参考：范文题目《浅谈混合动力汽车的检测与维修》摘要：目前已研制成功并投入使用的混合动力电动汽车主要是内燃机与蓄电池
萌萌萌萌瓜 5人参与回答 2023-12-12 写有关能源的论文当然是写能源的一些问题咯。给你推荐个能源网站供你参考一些能源问题的质料。你到西部石化网看看吧。比较全面的能源网站。对你写论文有帮助哈。
十架方舟 6人参与回答 2023-12-08 
