计算机方面的英语文章

What is a Computer?Computers are machines that can be used for performing calculations automatically. They can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of physical components from which a computer is constructed (electronic circuits and input/output devices) are known as "hardware". Most computers have four types of hardware components: input, processor, storage (main memory, auxiliary storage) and output. Input and output (I/O) devices allow the computer to communicate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("software") which tell the computer what to two principal characteristics of a computer are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).Classification of computersComputers can be generally classified by size and power as follows: • Personal computer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data. • Workstation : A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor. • Minicomputer : A multi-user computer capable of supporting from tens to hundreds of users simultaneously. • Mainframe : A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds to thousands of users simultaneously. • Supercomputer : An extremely fast computer that can perform millions of instructions per second. Generations of ComputersThe history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate. It resulted in smaller, cheaper, and more powerful, efficient and reliable devices. • First Generation- 1940-1956: Vacuum tubes were used and it relied on machine language to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time.• Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors were used and computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.• Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated circuits -Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors. Users interacted through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system.• Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors -The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.• Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial intelligence -Computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used todayIPSOMost computers have four types of hardware components: input, processor, storage (auxiliary storage) and output. Input and output (I/O) devices allow the computer to communicate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("software") which tell the computer what to CycleThe diagram given explains the operations in the computer. First the data enters the computer through the input device, and then processing occurs at the processing unit. The processing unit is the microprocessor chip. Processing unit comprises of the control unit and arithmetic and logical unit and main memory. There are storage devices (auxiliary storage) which store the processed data and data can be retrieved at anytime. The processed data is sent out to the output devices for the ----- Processing ------ Storage ----- OutputNEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS automatically adv. 自动地 repetitive adj.各自的 retrieve v. 恢复，补救physical adj.物理的，自然的auxiliary adj.辅助的，附加的，副的 n.补助物main memory 主存auxiliary memory辅存execute v.执行，实现prerecord v.事先录音microprocessor n.微处理器in addition to adv.除…什么之外monitor n.显示器simultaneously adv.同时地technological adj.科技的fundamentally adv.基础地，根本地Vacuum tube 电子管transistor 晶体管cryptic adj.秘密的，神秘的binary adj.二进位的symbolic adj.象征的，符号的semiconductor n.半导体artificial intelligence 人工智能

题目：计算机是现代科学技术最杰出的成果之一，它无处不在，与我们生活的各个领域息息相关，Computers(电脑)。 请以“Computers”为题，写一篇100个单词左右的英语小短文。 要求写出计算机的具体用途和人们对于计算机应用的态度。 【范文】 Computers One of the greatest advancements in modern technology has been the invention of computers. Computers are changing the way people live and work. They are already widely used in industry, business and in academic institutions. With the popularization of science and technology, computers have found an increasingly wide application in all fields. A computer can do a lot of work. It is capable of doing extremely complicated work in all fields of learning. It can solve the most complex mathematics problems. Computers are able to store large amounts of information, which can be recalled rapidly at any time. The truth of the matter, however, is that any new technology has a “dark”side. The problems caused by the use of computers are quite different. For example, assembly lines will be a slow process to retain workers to build and operate new equipment. Nevertheless, the dark side of the computer shouldn't mean that we should abandon the use of computers. Technology only can make the real work cheaper, faster, and less tedious. It cannot solve problems. 【评语】 该文从现代化的'技术革新角度来谈计算机，然后在第二段里讲到，随着科学和技术的普遍应用，计算机也大放光彩，具体的例举了两个用处，高中英语写作《Computers(电脑)》。最后一段里，用“the truth of the matter”，再加“however”转折，说明了计算机的“dark side”，文章全面而重点突出。