毕业论文的中英文摘要

根据学术堂的了解,中英文摘要写作规范主要为下面五点:1、简洁.摘要一般要有中文摘要和与之对应的外文摘要.中文摘要一般不宜超过200-300字(如遇特殊需要字数可以略多);外文摘要不宜超过250个实词,所以摘要要排除相关学科领域内常识性的内容,要力避引证和举例,要准确使用名词术语、恰当使用缩略语等.2、完整.摘要应具有独立性和自含性,即摘要本身有论点、有论据、有结论,合乎逻辑,是一篇结构完整的短文,读者不读论文全文、仅读摘仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论.3、准确.摘要的内容与论文的内容要对应、相称,不要在摘要中传达论文未涉及的信息,也不要让摘要丢失论文的重要内容,以保证摘要准确无误地传达论文的主旨.4、平实.摘要无需对论文进行评价,尤其不能对论文进行拔高评价,如"本文超越前人的研究""本文全面论述了这一问题"之类的话语就不能出现在摘要中,因为对论文的评价不是由摘要说了算的.故摘要的主语不能是"本文""该文""本文作者""笔者"之类,而应以论文研究的对象为主语,如论文研究的对象是"素质教育",那么摘要的主语就首选"素质教育".5、求新.摘要应将论文中原创的、最具新意的部分凸现出来,论文有什么新观点、用了什么新论据、采用了哪些新的研究方法、得出了什么新结论等要在摘要中着重反映出来,因为人们判断一篇论文是否有价值主要就是依据论文是否提供了什么新东西.

Abstract: Along with the expansion of the scale of government procurement, procurement supervision more important. Through the status of China's government procurement oversight mechanisms and defect analysis, made some improvement and a sound monitoring mechanism in China's government procurement significance and improve the supervision mechanism of Government Procurement Strategies include: sound laws and regulations, strengthen supervision and law, oversight of government procurement network, and establish a government procurement dispute arbitration committee, and improve the supervision of the main government procurement, specifically the object of government procurement oversight, improve government procurement complaints relief mechanism, emphasis on the supervision of a decentralized procurement : perfect the mechanisms of Government Procurement Supervision

Because of the better application of concrete pouring technology in civil engineering, it is more and more important to use concrete in civil engineering, The quality control of concrete structure requires the project management personnel to have the overall management thinking, starting from the overall, systematic and standardized approach, quality control through scientific project management action, professional raw material quality inspection and material mix proportion control, and reasonable analysis of environmental factors, Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes the development and application of concrete structure production, transportation and pouring technology in civil engineering construction. Key words: concrete structure; factors affecting concrete; main construction technology