中西思维方式论文文献综述

Cultural differences on the language of the impact of
Abstract: simple analysis of the relationship between language and culture, cultural differences and compare the impact of the language, teaching English in the light of the present ignored the phenomenon of cultural differences on financial and cultural knowledge in English Teaching. 在语言教学中树立文化意识，从而提高教学效果，达到语言教学的真正目的。 In language teaching in a cultural awareness, so as to enhance effective teaching methods to achieve the real purpose of language teaching. 关键词：文化差异；英语
由于各民族所处的环境不同，从而产生迥然不同的文化。 Key words: cultural differences; English
Because the environment in which all ethnic groups different, resulting in a very different culture. 中西文化是两种根本不同类型文化。 Chinese and Western cultures are two fundamentally different types of culture. 汉文化以人本为主体，其本质是一种典型的内倾性人本文化，表现在重人格，重道德，重创人。 Han culture to the people as the main body, its essence is a typical example of the dumping of human culture, and in the weight personality, heavy moral, hit people. 西方文化则以物本为主体，以自然为本位，倾向于求外在表现，故重创物、重物理，更看重人怎样来创物。 Of the Western culture while for the main body and the natural-based, tend to seek external performance, the hit-and-physical, but also how to value a person of. 文化对语言的影响主要表现在以下几方面： The impact of culture on language mainly in the following aspects: （一）价值观念
价值观念是文化的核心。 (1) values
values are the core of culture. 西方人重个人价值，强调自我意识，为人处事言语行为无须别人认可，也不追求与人一致。 Westerners value of the individual, emphasis on self-awareness, people doing things others not authorized speech act, and not consistent with the pursuit. 而中国人群体意识强，独立意识较弱。 China's strong sense of groups, independent of the weaker. 西方人认为，当别人未求助时主动给予帮助是一种施舍行为，是对他能力的轻视，甚至是对他人格的侮辱。 Westerners think that when others did not take the initiative to seek help when help is a charity, for his ability to neglect, and even an insult to his personality. 有一次，一位外国老妇人到中国来旅游，提着一大袋行李，很吃力的样子，一个中国小伙子跑过去主动提供帮助，于是发生了下面的这个对话： Once, a foreign woman was to travel to China, carrying large bags of luggage, looks very difficult for a young man ran past China offered help, so this has the following dialogue: B：Good morning, Can I help you? B: Good morning, Can I help you? W：What? W: What? B：Can I carry the case for you,Madam? B: Can I carry the case for you, Madam? W：I think I can do it myself，thank you W: I think I can do it myself, thank you 老妇人毫不领情地走了，她认为这是对她的轻视。 Not to appreciate the woman who has passed away, she considered that it is her neglect. 而在我们中国人看来，人与人之间的相互关照是人之常情,.是一种美德。 We in the eyes of Chinese people, the interaction between the people that care for them,. Is a virtue. 中国小伙子呆呆地站在那儿，百思不得其解。 China lads Aiaide stand there, and fail to see. 如果对中西文化稍有了解，或许不会发生那样的尴尬局面。 If you have some understanding of Chinese and Western cultures, may not happen, the embarrassing situation. （二）社会心态
由于生活在不同的文化背景中，各民族人逐步形成了不同的思维方式和社会心态，即使对同一事物也往往有不同的好恶。 (B) social mentality
because of living in different cultural backgrounds, people of all nationalities have gradually formed a different way of thinking and mentality of the community, even if the same things often have different likes and dislikes. 譬如对什么是禁忌，什么是隐私，东西方人表现出很大的差别。 For example, what is taboo and what is privacy, East Westerners demonstrated a great deal of difference. 英美人见面很少问及家庭情况，他们视年龄、收入、财产等为隐私。 Britain and the United States met with the family and asked a few, they are depending on age, income, property, etc. for privacy. 中国人则毫不忌讳谈论这些内容。 Chinese people are no taboo about them. 又如，西方人怕老、惧老的心理使他们忌讳使用old, aged等词。 Also, Westerners Palao, the old psychological fear that they use old taboo, aged words. 为此人们费尽心机地创造了许多称呼老人的新表达：the advanced in age(上了年纪的人)，the mature the longer living（生活经历长的人），美国有个永不老合唱团，译为“never young” 而不是“never old”等。 For this reason people scheming to create a lot of the elderly called the new expression: the advanced in age (the older), the mature the longer living (long life experience), the United States will never have a veteran chorus, translation "never young" rather than "never old." 如果我们的学生有这方面的知识，就不会在与老外的见面的时候说，“how old are you?” “What’s your salary?” 诸如此类难堪的问题。 If our students have the knowledge, they will not meet with foreigners when he, "how old are you?" "What's your salary?" Such embarrassing questions. （三 ）交际方式 (3) Communication way 英国人见面打招呼的常用方式是谈论天气，如“lovely weather,isn’t it?”或“Hello”“Hi”“Good morning”等。 British common way of meeting notice is talking about the weather, such as the "lovely weather, isn't it?" Or "Hello," "Hi" and "Good morning". 在我国人们常用的寒暄语：“到哪儿去？”“吃饭了吗？”“最近忙什么？”若将这些话直译为英语“Have you eaten?” “Where are you going?”“What are you busy with?”就不是打招呼语了，变成了期待对方回答的问题，譬如“Have you eaten?”对方就会误认为你打算请他吃饭。 People commonly used in China's greeting: "Where?" "Eat?" "The recent busy?" If these words for the English translation of "Have you eaten?" "Where are you going?" "What are you busy with? "is not greeted language, and is, looking forward to the other question to answer, such as" Have you eaten? "will mistakenly believe that the other side you intend to invite him for dinner. 这些话只能在某些特定的场合使用，若作为招呼语滥用，有时就会伤害对方的感情。 These words can only use certain occasions, as if prodded language abuse, sometimes hurt each other's feelings. 在英美国家人们道别时说“Bye,drop in again.”等。 People in the country bid farewell to Britain and the United States, said "Bye, drop in again." Etc.. 若按中国人习惯就会说“go slowly”（慢走）“Take care.”（走好）之类的话。 According to the Chinese customs will say "go slowly" (walking), "Take care." (Appropriately take), such remarks. 英美人对此的反应很可能是：“Why should I go slowly? I am strong enough.”似乎中国人小看了他。 British and American people's response is likely to be: "Why should I go slowly? I am strong enough." Chinese people seem to read him small. （四）语言的表达形式
语言的结构及使用在一定程度上受制于该民族的文化。 (4) language expression
structure and the use of language to a certain extent, subject to the national culture. 汉语的词汇结构和修辞方法与汉文化密切相关，英语同样与英美文化、历史有着千丝万缕的联系。 Chinese vocabulary structure and rhetorical methods and Han culture is closely related to the same English and Anglo-American culture, history are inextricably linked. 譬如，英语句子中的修饰语可置于被修饰词前，亦可在其后，这与汉语不同。 For example, in the English sentence modifiers can be placed before the word being modified, or subsequently, and Chinese different. Big enough（足够大），something important（重要的事情）等，都是将修饰语置后，与汉语语序恰恰相反。 Big enough (big enough), something important (an important issue), which are home to modifiers, and Chinese Order of the contrary. 英语中时间、地点的排列顺序习惯从小到大，而汉语则从大到小，如at3: June, 2000（2000年六月二十一日下午三点） English in the time, place, the customary order from small to large, and the Chinese从大到小, such as at3: June, 2000 (at 15:00 on June 21, 2000) 英语除了表达方式上的特殊性外，表达的意念有时也是独特的。 English apart from the particularity of expression, the expression of ideas sometimes unique. 英语常把事实与揣测、祈求、意愿等非事实区分开。 English often the facts and speculation, pray, aspirations, and other non-facts on the other. 常常用虚拟语气来表达一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等，所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Virtual tone often used to express a wish, assumptions, doubt, speculation, suggestions, the meaning of that is not an objective reality. 文化上的差异反应在语言和交际行为中，而是否理解和懂得这些文化差异、文化制约和交际规则则直接影响交际的成败。 Cultural differences in language and communication response behavior, and whether understanding and understand these cultural differences, and cultural constraints and the rules of communication is a direct impact on the success or failure of communication. 因此，外语教学不仅仅是要求学生语法正确，还必须使他们了解所学语言国家的文化，使学生既掌握语言技能————听、说、读、写译等，又掌握交际能力，以适用不同社会的文化环境，避免文化错误的产生，从而成功地进行交际。 Therefore, foreign language teaching is not only require students to correct grammar, it is also essential that they understand the language of the national culture, so that students not only master the language skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing, such as translation, master communicative ability to apply different social and cultural environment and avoid the formation of cultural errors, which successfully conducted Communication. 这样做的好处是：文化知识加深了学生对语言的了解，语言则赋予了文化内涵而更易于理解和掌握。 It has the advantage of: cultural knowledge deepened understanding of the language students, language empowers the cultural connotation and more easy to understand and grasp. 当前外语教学中普遍存在重外语技能、轻文化教育的问题，一些教师认为英语教学就是教单词、短语、讲授课文和做练习，大部分的学生经过好几年的英语学习，脑袋中装满了单词和短语，可惜无法说出一个完整的句子。 Foreign Language Teaching in the current widespread heavy foreign language skills, cultural and educational light of the problem, some teachers think that teaching is the English words, phrases, teaching texts and do exercises, most of the students through the learning of English for a few years, in full head of the word and the phrase, unfortunately can not say a complete sentence. 或者当把课堂上所学的语言知识放在具体的文化环境中，屡犯错误不能顺利地达到交际的目的。 When the classroom or on the knowledge of the language on the specific cultural environment, mistakes can not be repeated successfully achieve the purpose of communication. 针对上述情况，作为一名英语教师，帮助学生在学习语言时提高对文化的敏感性，利用他们发自内心的想了解其他民族的兴趣和动力，从而提供了学习该民族的语言的基础。 In response to these developments, as an English teacher to help students in language learning, improve the cultural sensitivity, using them from the bottom of their hearts that the other nations would like to know the interest and motivation, thus providing learning the language of the national foundation