奋斗1989
虚拟语气详解在英文句子中,谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。 英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种: A)直陈语气(The Indicative Mood)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态: He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。B) 祁使语气(The Imperative Mood)祁使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等: Wait outside until you are asked . 请在外面等候,请你进再进去。 Let's just take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿,好吗? C) 虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在,它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的;或是其实现的可能性微乎其微,甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然,有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉,也使用虚拟语气。例如: I wishyou were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment. 我要是有再多一点钱,我就买一套更大一些房子。 Would you mind shutting the door ? 劳驾您把门关上。 用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 条件句分为两种:真实条件句和非真实条件句。与现在事实相违背 If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. (事实是:我没有时间)我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。 If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.(事实是:我并不是你)我要是你,我会考虑她的建议的。 与过去事实相违背 If I hadn't been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday.(事实是:我昨天被某些事缠住了) 我昨天要不是被些事缠住了,我就会去参加你们的聚会了。 If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. (事实是:他没有听我的建议)要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。与未来事实相违背 If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. (假设的情况不大可能发生)要是我有机会试一试,我会用另一种方法做的。 Even if they were to fail, they wouldn't lose courage. (说话人不希望假设的情况发生)即使他们万一失败,他们也不会泄气。熟悉并掌握好下面的基本句式:条件从句 主句 与现在事实相违背 过去式(动词是BE用were) Should / would + 动词原形与过去事实相违背 had + 过去分词 would / should + have +过去分词 与未来事实相违背 1) should + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式(动词是BE也可以用were) would / Should + 动词原形1. 省略If的几种情况 1)当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时,就将这样的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如: If you were the manager here, what would you do? Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理,你会怎么办? If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做,他会被立即解雇的。 2) 由某些介词短语取代了if引导的条件状语从句。例如: Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气,地球上就不会有生命了。 But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是没有你们的帮助,那个小男孩早就淹死了。 We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话,我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。 3) 由上下文的交代而省略了if引导的条件状语从句。在这种情况下,上下文事实上就是一个表示违背事实的条件句。上下文如果是由一个句子介绍的,那么这个取代了if条件状语从句的句子应该用直陈语气;而起主句作用的句子则要用虚拟语气。例如: He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .(本句中的上下文是:but he just came back from his business trip,表示:要是他在家没出差的话)他本来早就来看你了,可他却出差刚刚回来。 But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment. (本句中的上下文是:But that you helped me,表示:要不是有你帮助我)要没有你帮助我,我的试验本做不成功的。 2. 虚拟语气用于某些从句中的情况: 1)在主语从句中在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中,由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因,that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是"动词原形"。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有:essential(绝对必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能够的), imperative(必须的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遗憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(适当的), urgent(紧急的), duty(义务、责任), a pity(遗憾), no wonder(难怪), a regret(遗憾), 例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so .他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is necessary that he be sent to Beijing right away. 有必要立即派他去北京。 另外,下列结构中主语从句的谓语动词也要求用虚拟语气: It is ordered that …(根据命令、要求……) , It is proposed that …(人们建议……) It is desired that … (最好、需要……) , It is requested that … (人们要求……) It is suggested that … (有人建议……) , It is recommended that …(有人推荐……) It is demanded that …(根据要求……) , It is decided that …(已经决定……) It is arranged that … (已经安排……) 等等。例如: It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away. 根据命令,所有部队撤至三英哩以外。 It is arranged that he leave for Canada on Friday. 照安排,他星期五动身去加拿大。 It is suggested that the English evening be held on Saturday. 有人建议,英语晚会周六举行。 2)在宾语从句中某些动词后面,宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是"动词原形"。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词,常见的有: command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), recommend(推荐), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建议),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。 They requested that we ( should ) send a delegation to their country. 他们请求我们派一个代表团到他们国家去。 I suggested that he ( should ) set off for our headquarters straightaway . 我建议他马上动身去我们的总部。 另外,wish和would rather / sooner that …后面的宾语从句,其中谓语动词的形式和对应用法如下表所述: 谓语动词的形式用法 过去式-------表示当时未能实现的愿望、意愿 过去完成式---表示过去未能实现的愿望、意愿 过去未来式---表示未来不大可能实现的愿望,意愿 (注意下列例句:wish自身的时态并不影响从句谓语动词的形式。)I wishthat I knew something about programming. 我希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。 I wished that I knew something about programming. 我当时希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。 They wish that they hadn't said it to us. 他们希望他们没有对我们说过那件事。 They wished that they hadn't said it to us. 他们当时希望他们没有对我们说过那件事。 I wish that you would get younger and younger .但愿你越来越年轻。 The manager would rather that his secretary went to the meeting instead of him .经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。 He would sooner that he hadn't born until ten years ago .他宁愿他十年以前才出身。 3) 在表语从句和同位语从句中下面这些名词的后面所接的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是直接用"动词原形" : idea(想法), suggestion(建议), motion(动议), proposal(提议), order(命令), recommendation(推荐),advice (建议) , instruction (指示、指令)等等。例如: The instruction was that nobody be allowed to go to sleep until further orders.(表语从句)指示要求,任何人不得在接到进一步的命令之前去睡觉。 My suggestion is that he leave for London at once . (表语从句)我的建议是他立即动身去伦敦。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should )put on a play at the English evening? (同位语从句)他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样?4) 在状语从句中在某些状语从句中,要求谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是"动词原形"。以as if 、as though(似乎,仿佛)引出的方式状语从,如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气;如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。例如: He took his umbrella with him lest it rain. (目的状语从句)他带了雨伞,以防下雨。 I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. (目的状语从句)我给你留个座,没准你会改变主意。 They burned all the important documents for fear that they fall into the enemy's hands. (目的状语从句)他们将所有的重要文件都烧毁了,以免它们落于敌人之手。 Though everyone desert you, we will not .(让步状语从句,这是间或的用法。)即使所有的人抛弃了你,我们也不会。 As long as a volume hold together, We don't care much about its outer appearance .(条件状语从句,这是间或的用法。)只要一本书不拆开,外表怎么样我们并不太在意。 This, if the news be true, will mean a lot to us. (条件状语从句,这是间或的用法。)如果这消息是真的,那对我们来说就太重要了。 I can still remember the whole thing in great detail as though it were yesterday.(方式状语从句)这一切我记忆犹新,仿佛就是昨天发生的事一样。 They are talking as if they had been friends for years. (方式状语从句)他们谈话的那股亲热劲就如同是多年的老朋友似的。 5) 在It is (high) time that…从句中在这个句型中的that…从句里,无论何时、何人称,其谓语动词都用"过去式"。 这个句型表达的意思是"该是……的时候了"。例如: It is time that we got ready for the final examination.该是我们为期末考试作准备的时候了。 It is high time that we had our lunch. 该是我们吃午饭的时候了。 It is time that he made up his mind. 该是他作出决定的时候了。 6) 在If only…从句中 "If only…从句"表示一种愿望或是向往的假设,其意义是"要是……就好了"、"但愿……"。这个句型中的语序是正常语序,不倒装。另外,其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。例如: If only she could understand my real feelings. 要是她能了解我的真实想法就好了。 If only my mother had survived the disease and lived till now. 要是我妈妈没有死于疾病而活到现在就好了。 If only he would fine a satisfactory job after his graduation. 但愿他毕业后找到一份称心如意的工作。 3. 虚拟语气用于其他情况 首先,虚拟语气常用于表示客气、委婉的说法。它之所以能表示客气、委婉的意思,就是因为它的语气是虚拟的;也就是说,讲话的人有意识地将其所说的内容虚拟化,从而给听话人在是否接受所听到的内容方面留有较大空间、余地;而至于使听话人在是否接受所听到的内容方面感到有压力或是强迫感。从这个意义上讲,虚拟语气比直陈语气,祈使语气更为客气、委婉、礼貌。例如: Could you tell me the way to the nearest shopping center ? 你能告诉我去最近的购物中心的路吗? Would you mind lowering your voice? 请你小声点儿,行吗? Perhaps you could get better results this way .你这样做效果或许要好一点。 Which seat might I take? 我可以坐哪个位子? 其次,在一些公式化的句子里也常用虚拟语气。这些公式化句子的谓语常用两种句式,即:"动词原形"或是"may + 动词原形"(后者常用倒装句式)。例如: God bless you! 上帝保佑你! So be it then! 那就这样吧! May the friendship between our two peoples last forever.祝愿我们两国人民的友谊万古青。 Come what may, we'll solve the problem by ourselves.无论发生什么情况,我们都要自己解决这个问题。4.错综时间非真实条件句中的虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,我们在条件句和主句中所用的虚拟语气句式是相对程式化的。If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now . 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救,他的家现在就不会如此安宁。 If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是这台机器情况良好,我们上次就将它用于试验了。 If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你过两天去海南,我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。
圓滿如意妹
商务英语专业毕业论文选题
1、商务英语课程设置的探讨
2、跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响
3、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧
4、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用
5、单证员在国际贸易中的地位
6、商务英语函电翻译技巧
7、商务谈判中英语的重要性
8、浅谈出口结汇风险的防范
9、中国退税制度的改革及其影响
10、商标名称的翻译与策略
11、外贸企业信用风险管理与控制
母婴家居学院
英语语言学毕业论文哪些题目好写? 一、英语语言学毕业论文题目:1、中西语言方式对比2、 词汇学3、 近代英语语言的衍变二、英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成:理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。 理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识、英语变体、英语学习策略等。 基础理论模块由英语语言学概论执行,内容涉及语言的各种属性、语言学的学科知识、语音学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学、语言与心理、语言与文化、语言习得等。 研究方法模块通过介绍语言学研究的设计与分析方法,帮助学生掌握从事语言研究的本领,并直接与本科毕业论文的写作挂钩。 三、毕业论文,泛指专科毕业论文、本科毕业论文(学士学位毕业论文)、硕士研究生毕业论文(硕士学位论文)、博士研究生毕业论文(博士学位论文)等,即需要在学业完成前写作并提交的论文,是教学或科研活动的重要组成部分之一。 语言学英语专业毕业论文哪个方面比较好写? 说实话毕业论文弄好的话还是比较烦人的,准备了两个星期也没弄出来,题目全被否决了,老师又不给现成的题目,选题都麻烦的不得了,最后直接找VIP英语论文网的帮我的,值得庆幸的是我还好找VIP英语论文网的老师帮了忙,还辅导我熟悉了论文,还有答辩的问题,老师也没发现有什么问题,还是顺利的通过了,嘿嘿 对于英语专业的学生来说应该如何学习语言学论文答辩,最好300字以 名词化的语篇功能330诺曼时期法语对英语词汇的影响339浅谈英语虚拟语气的语用功能340浅谈英语虚拟语气及其语用功能345浅析二十世纪计算机英语词汇的构成特点346浅析汉英动物谚语中的文化348浅析英汉语言中的性别歧视现象及其根源349浅析英语禁忌语及其发展352浅析英语无标志被动句356浅议译者能力359认知语言学角度下“within” 的空间隐喻意义365商标英语汉译的原则和方法384体育新闻英语文体研究375社会语言学视野中的网络语言418新闻英语中的语法特点研究423颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性425移就的审美价值和生成基础426以认知为基础的颜色隐喻研究428隐喻认知功能研究的新视角429隐喻与一词多义的关系438英汉被动句对比研究439英汉宾语类型差异的认知原因440英汉动词非谓语用法之比较研究442英汉否定问句的答句对比研究443英汉汉英双关语及其翻译研究444英汉合成词构词对比研究446英汉名词短语修饰模式比较447英汉拟声词异同探讨448英汉人称代词运用对比研究449英汉人名的比较研究450英汉时间的空间隐喻对比研究451英汉习语的文化共性和个性的研究453英汉颜色词的引申义的文化差别454英汉颜色词跨域对比分析?—以RED和红为例458英汉隐喻性词汇对比研究462英汉语中红绿色文化比较468英语道歉方式研究 语言学论文的研究思路怎么写 语言学论文的困惑:选题是否有新意或价值,选题是否可行,选题如何打开思路。 一、选题原则:选题要新颖,选题路径:学科、方向、领域、课题、话题、问题,解决方法、效果评估。 选题方向:学科前沿课题,特别是学科交叉性课题,有扩展空间和创新余地。 二、误区:前辈研究很多的东西,没有多少好研究的,在前人的基础上不容再攀高峰。 这需要看研究目标、看研究问题,看研究框架,润物细无声,于无声处听惊雷,时代在进补,科学在发展,流水不腐户枢不蠹,多元化思考,发散思维,去研究人家没有研究过的东西一定有价值,同时前辈的研究成果也可去粗取精,继承学术也要与时俱进,有创新才有发展。 三、从选题找创新:面向新的语言现象(网络时代、自媒体时代语言的研究)、面向旧的语言现象(旧有语言的发展和继承,交叉发展进化等),面向特定语言理论(补充、修正、完善)、面向学科交叉点(社会心理学与语用学:语码转换、符号代替等。 )理论研究:寻求共性(语言共性、语用共性、认知共性等)。 应用研究:寻求对策(面向规划政策、实践(教学、口语化应用、翻译、矫正等。 )。 四、那些选题不会有创新:选题太大,太泛,如语法的认知研究,汉语英语系统的对不分析,认知语法初探等。 太微观没有一般理论性价值。 选题太大,容易重复别人的研究。 结论指向容易归结的常识化和空泛化。 怎样写语言学论文 How to improve your English in full detail (my experience) The Third Edition To be good at English is not particularly easy but not terribly hard you start to learn sentences, or new words, the first and also the most important step is the "pronunciation". To pronounce perfectly you should buy a tape to assist you to learn and practise. This is the fundamental step to learn English, ignore or pay no attention to this step; you will not learn proper English and you will find the later steps more and more difficult. If you are solid and accurate in pronunciation, you will find the later steps much easier and you will stand firmly on the right mastering the pronunciation perfectly, it is the time to accumulate new words and useful expressions. Of course start from the simplest words like “hello, hi, you, me, he, him, his, her”, etc.... and expressions like “how are you, how old are you, how do you do”, etc.......... It is essential to write the words on a piece of paper so that you remember them well. Actually everyone had done these at his/her primary school.*************Now let me tell you how I learnt English in China. ******************* Speaking:In China, you won"t have enough chances to speak English. What I did was in the morning I got up early and read aloud the texts in the textbooks. The initial aim was to achieve the same speed as the tape, and then being able to read aloud the texts with the same style as the English announcer in the tape. By doing this, it helps you to consolidate your pronunciation and it is much easier to learn English in China because you can watch some TV channels in English. The more channels in English the better because you can choose your preferred programmes and it helps you to learn English with interests of your own, hence ideal for listening and expression/words is also very useful to write diaries. On writing diaries, it is not useful if you just write it without the care of grammar and spelling. When you finish you should always read your diaries again to check for errors and refine your sentences (. remove repetitive words, use better expressions, and sort out the structure of the sentences).Reading:It is also very important to read story books in English, starting from thin ones with not many new words. Read as many thin books as you possibly can. Little by Little you will want to read thicker books, and your reading ability will get even four elements together:I have to emphasise that when you do all these reading, listening, writing and speaking; you should join them together as a whole, apply the new words you learn from watching TV, reading books to your writing and enhancement of learning comes from getting hold of the possible opportunities to speak English (in China or abroad):In China, you should try to go to local English corner to practise your oral English. If you are abroad then you should make a lot of English or international friends so you always have the opportunity to speak Spoken English, attitude is very important. You need to be very keen and you must not be shy. Never be afraid to make mistakes. Always think that a talk in English with some one will help you can think in this way: since my parents have paid so much to support me to study abroad, the money is partly spent on the international environment for learning English; therefore I ought to try my best to take every opportunity to practise my English. My English has risen to a higher level in the last 2 years, because I talk in English most of the time. Having some international friends is particularly useful indeed. Summing up the activities:I have also been watching TV too. The real improvement lies in staying with international friends long enough and watching a lot of TV such as news, football, dramas, documentaries etc.... Writing diaries also helps me to remember good words, good expressions and practise sentence structuring.*****Now, I have finished talking about how to learn and improve General is the time to switch to "Your Major in English" ******************************* Knowing general English on its own is not going to be sufficient for most people. Skills are as important as mastering another language. General English helps people to communicate with each other in their lives. Technical English helps you to take on challenges to change the world for the highest, to earn money for your living for the people who have a degree in English go abroad to learn something different but heavily based on the language such as Media study, ... 中文系 关于语言学的论文题目 and the relationship between stress, emphasis, accent and prominence is also defined differently;s build a fire. Táá diné "ooljéé". A syllable can be divided into three parts. In English only long vowels and diphthongs can occur in open syllablesOn suprasegmental features 一. Introduction So far we have been talking about phonetic features as they apply to single phonetic segments: phonetic. (Hawaiian) On the other hand. The study of phonological features which applies to groups larger than the single segment, are known as suprasegmental features, such as the syllable or the word. The study of these features is known as prosody.二. Syllable The most obvious prosodic feature in language is the syllable, nucleus, and coda, of which nucleus is a must. A syllable that has no coda is called an open syllable while a syllable with coda is called a closed syllable. It mainly includes syllable, stress, pitch, that is, onset; they must end in a consonant (Navaho): Háá"ishah dididiljah;syllable". In this paper, I will talk about the suprasegmental features in great detail, that is, they always end in a vowel, never a consonant, suprasegmental.) In other languages, syllables are always closed. Let"s briefly discuss the notion of syllables. Like all of our other basic linguistic concepts, although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept ", tone. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha spoken as a single word begins in a glottal stop, and production of stress is generally believed to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used for unstressed syllables. From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllables have one characteristic in common, and that is “prominence”. Roach has manifested that at least four different factors are important to make a syllable prominent:i) Loudness: Most people seem to feel that stressed syllables are louder than unstressed ones; in other words, loudness is a component of ) Length: The length of syllables has an important part to play in prominence; the syllables which are made longer than the others will be heard as ) Pitch: Pitch in speech is closely related to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds and to the musical notion of low-pitched and high-pitched notes; if one syllable is said with a pitch that is noticeably different from that of the others, this will have a strong tendency to produce the effect of ) Quality: a syllable will tend to be prominent if it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels. Languages differ in how they use ) In some languages, each syllable is equally stressed or unstressed,as in Cambodian2) the syllable in each word is more stressed. The place of stress is fixed on a certain syllable:1) initial. Finnish, Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages2) penultimate. Polish,3) final. ) Complex set of rules. In Bulgarian nouns and verbs have separate sets of rules for stress placement. Hopi (phonetic: first syllable of a two syllable word: síkwi meat; in words of three or more syllables, accent falls on the first long vowel: máamatsi to recognize; or on the first short vowel before a consonant cluster: péntani to write; otherwise it falls on the next to last syllable: wunúvtu stand up) The place of stress is ) In Russian the stress is completely random: xoroshó, xoró) In English the stress is more predictable but still random. Usually a middle syllable of a longer word receives the stress. In two syllable words stress is rando and often renders differences in meaning: project/to project, produce/produce, and insult/ to insult. Some languages have more than one stress per word: English is such a language. In English, words of four syllables or more have a primary and a secondary stress. Some English compounds have phrasal stress on the first element of the compound. Phrasal stress often distinguishes meaning in adjective/noun combinations. Sentence stress in English According to He Shanfen (1992), English sentence stress has two main functions:⑴ to indicate the important words in the sentence; ⑵ to serve as the basis for the rhythmic structure of the sentence. Consequently, in connected English speech, sentence stress usually falls on content ( or lexical) words, which carry the basic meaning of a sentence, . nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc. Those which are usually unstressed in sentences are form (or structural) words, which show grammatical relationships, such as articles,...
1 相扑的由来2相扑运动与日本的审美观(以大为美)3相扑运动的门户观念和组织结构(部屋结构和弟子招收)4相扑运动的现状与未来5我国为什么没有保留下来这一类的国粹
请问是计算机虚拟化,还是网络虚拟化,或者是服务器虚拟化?
服务器虚拟化和桌面虚拟化。我有朋友在方物软件,他们就是做云计算虚拟化的,目前市场主推的就是服务器虚拟化和桌面虚拟化
不是吧.毕业论文.都来.想帮你也帮不到你.你还是吃自已吧.我猜不会有人会在这里帮你.几千字啊.大哥你别玩了.
问题一:毕业论文标题和题目的区别? 一样的! 如果说选题范围和论文题目可以有区别,选题范围是一个大类,而一旦到了 论文标题或题目,就是一个很小的范围了