问题一：论文摘要及关键词的英语翻译 Abstract: At present, real estate is one of the most indispensible industries. Land Appreciation Tax, being as a taxation lever of state macro-control upon real estate industry, plays an import role in regulating the appreciation ine of real estate enterprises and restraining investment impulse. Land Appreciation Tax is powerful in guaranteeing the equitable distribution of ine and improving the sound development of real estate. Tax authorities at any level are demanded to implement the State Council’s notice and essence, attach great importance to the collection and management of Land Appreciation Tax, reinforce the tax liquidation and enhance tax regulation, meanwhile, bining pre-requisition system and enterprise system. Key Words: Land Appreciation Tax, Land Appreciation Tax Liquidation, Land Appreciation Tax pre-requisition. 问题二：毕业论文 关键词怎么写 什么意思 首先对文献进行主题分析，弄清该文的主题概念和中心内容； 尽可能从题名、摘要、层次标题和正文的重要段落中抽出与主题概念一致的词和词组； 对所选出的词进行排序，对照叙词 表找出哪些词可以直接作为叙词标引，哪些词可以通过规范化变为叙词，哪些叙词可以组配成专指主题概念的词组； 还有相当数量无法规范为叙词的词，只要是表达主题概念所必需的 ，都可作为自由词标引并列入关键词。 问题三：论文中的关键词和英文摘要题目格式怎么会一致 日.区里面的李叔叔,张阿姨都来看望亮亮,并 且拿了一个蛋糕和好好心人捐助的钱.虽然不怎么多,但是毕竟是人们的一份心意啊!亮亮看到他妈妈来 便用央求的语气问他妈妈：“妈妈,我到底得了什么病?我真的好想去学校上学,和同学们一起玩.”妈 妈也说：“你的病马上就要好了,马上就可以读书了.”亮亮对着生日蛋糕许了一个愿,张阿姨问他许了 什么愿,他笑着说：“我希望这里的小朋友都能摆脱病魔,
论文翻译格式为：中文部分【摘要】（小五号黑体，加粗）摘要内容采用小五号楷体，加粗；英文部分英abstract: 内容五号“times new roman”，加粗。key words: 内容五号“times new roman”，加粗，关键词间隔，请使用分号“；”。
论文翻译是把一种语言的论文翻译成制定语言的版本论文的行为。翻译是语际交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁。翻译可以有自己固定的模式，但是一般来说，翻译的标准主要有两条，分别是忠实和通顺。
忠实是指忠实于原文所要传递的信息，也就是说，把原文的信息完整而准确地表达出来，使译文读者得到的信息与原文读者得到的信息大致相同。通顺是指译文规范、明白易懂，没有文理不通、结构混乱、逻辑不清的现象，能够使得译入读者能够立即理解。
论文翻译的分类：
1、根据翻译者翻译时所采取的文化姿态，分为归化翻译和异化翻译。归化翻译是指把在原语文化语境中自然适宜的成分翻译成为在译入语言文化语境中自然适宜的成分，使得译入读者能够立即理解，即意译。而异化翻译是直接按照原语文化语境的适宜性翻译，即直译。
2、根据翻译作品在译入语言文化中所预期的作用，分为工具性翻译和文献性的翻译。
3、根据翻译所涉及的语言的形式与意义。分为语义翻译和交际翻译。语义翻译在译入语语义和句法结构允许的条件下，尽可能准确再现原作上下文的意义，交际翻译追求译文读者产生的效果尽量等同于原作对原文读者产生的效果。
4、根据译者对原文和译文进行比较与观察的角度，分为文学翻译和语言学翻译。文学翻译寻求译文与原文之间文学功能的对等，理论往往主张在不可能复制原文文学表现手法的情况下，译文只能更美而不能逊色，缺点是不重视语言结构之间的比较和关系问题。语言学翻译寻求两者之间的系统转换规律，主张把语言学研究的成果用于翻译，通过翻译实践促进语言学的发展。
5、根据翻译目的与原语在语言形式上的关系，分为直译与意译。
6、根据翻译媒介分为口译、笔译、视译、同声传译、机器翻译和人机协作翻译。
楼下的解释好详细啊
同样也是摘要【abstract】和关键词【key words】另外一定要注解清楚 什么地方用到了引用的话【quotation】以及明确的出处
摘要五号字体、行间距18磅、前后段行距行、两端对齐、正文小三号。文献翻译中摘要和关键词部分一般采用宋体五号字体，行间距设置为18磅，段前段后距离为行，对齐方式选择两端对齐，每个关键词使用分号或逗号隔开，最后一个关键词不用加标点符号。正文内容一级标题字体一般采用小三号，黑体，用粗体显示，段前段后距离设置为行。正文内容的二级标题字体采用小三号，黑体，段前和段后距离设置为行，段前空间设置为行。毕业论文的外文文献翻译就是将外文文献翻译成中文。
英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗。
关键词定义
关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。
Abstract Accounting supervision in accordance with the relevant national laws, regulations, rules and regulations on accounting work control, and use the correct accounting information to a comprehensive and integrated coordination of economic activity, control, supervise and urge to improve the quality of accounting information and economic efficiency . In the new situation under the current economic operation mechanisms, the establishment of modern enterprise system, accounting supervision, a lot of changes in accounting supervision aspects there are many problems can not be : accounting supervision, basic functions, professional ethics, legal environment
毕业论文外文翻译：将外文参考文献翻译成中文版本。
翻译要求：
1、选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
2、选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。
3、外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
原文就是指原作品,原件，即作者所写作品所用的语言。如莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》原文是英语。 译文就是翻译过来的文字，如在中国也可以找到莎士比亚《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的中文版本，这个中文版本就称为译文 。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
7、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
Accounting supervision in accordance with the relevant law is law, regulations and rules of the accounting work to control, and use the right will plan for economic activities information comprehensive, comprehensive coordination, control, monitor and sup谢谢采纳…
[Summary] Chinese vocabulary of contemporary scholars have made unremitting level of exploration and excellence in research, while significant achievements, but in terms of research has been limited to the vocabulary level of the division. Limit the scope of the study vocabulary , severely limits our understanding of the Chinese vocabulary in today's diverse, humane society, we can not have been limited to the vocabulary level of division of the Department should simply focus on, promote research and theory building of Chinese words to make the development of a breakthrough. on multi-dimensional perspective and highlights the interaction between man and the theme of living space, to establish multi-objective understanding of human nature and the prominent presence of the highest goal, to develop more ideas and highlight the "cognitive - to explain - Culture - Philosophy "the basic idea, a new attempt of the Chinese vocabulary study Key words ：Chinese vocabulary; vocabulary study; structure of thinking
Today's Guizhou, was still living together a out of the ordinary Han Nationality community - - - camp site person. Here person secluded from the world life, still has been scrupulously following at this point the Ming Dynasty culture which and the life custom its generation inherits, forms today to be characteristic “the camp site culture”. And, is in vogue in the camp site region one kind of folk drama - - plays, is in the camp site culture the most noticeable part. It by its rough, bold artistic individuality and profound cultural connotation, depth camp site person's welcome, in 600 year vicissitudes change, has become camp site person's one spiritual reposing and the spiritual symbol gradually. 关键词：Camp site culture ,Plays
Since 1978, the resumption of university entrance examination, students on college students as the highest pursuit of post-graduate institutions of higher learning will be able to win the "golden rice." In order to improve the quality of the entire national, state colleges and universities in 1998, "merged", the expansion of enrollment in higher education from "elite education" to "mass education" into the past, "God's favored city" has become an extraordinary community, with the colleges and universities around the year-on-year expansion, the employment of university students have become increasingly conspicuous, especially in the current global financial crisis, under the influence can not be optimistic about the employment situation of university students, of course, but also by the central authorities, the State Council and the general concern of the community. Taking an overview of the status quo of China's university students, employment situation, social problems has risen for the near future, the CPC Central Committee and State Council issued a series of preferential policies for university students to encourage college students to entrepreneurship and grass-roots form of exercise to alleviate the social problems of employment of university students. 关键词：China's college students, the employment situation and the status quo, social issues, causes and countermeasures analysis
我认同他的答案：交际能力Ability of communication /communicative ability 语言能力capability of language/linguistic competence /language competence 理解能力ability of comprehension 文化差异 cultral diversity 差异diversity/difference信息传播 information spreadin/ dissemination of information
摘要：以吴承恩的《西游记》中的为主要材料，从合作精神、协调表现、探究原因三个主要方面进行论述，着重探讨其性格的成因，发掘沙僧在《西游记》中的独特魅力。下边是翻译：Abstract:TheJourneyto"JourneytotheWest"inthemainmaterial,fromthespiritofcooperation,coordinationofperformance,threemainareastoexplorethereasonsdiscussed,focusingonthecausesofcharactertoexploreDriftinginthe"JourneytotheWest"intheuniquecharm.关键词：沙僧和尚、协调艺术、成因Keywords:Driftingmonk,coordinatingart,causes
[Summary] Chinese vocabulary of contemporary scholars have made unremitting level of exploration and excellence in research, while significant achievements, but in terms of research has been limited to the vocabulary level of the division. Limit the scope of the study vocabulary , severely limits our understanding of the Chinese vocabulary in today's diverse, humane society, we can not have been limited to the vocabulary level of division of the Department should simply focus on, promote research and theory building of Chinese words to make the development of a breakthrough. on multi-dimensional perspective and highlights the interaction between man and the theme of living space, to establish multi-objective understanding of human nature and the prominent presence of the highest goal, to develop more ideas and highlight the "cognitive - to explain - Culture - Philosophy "the basic idea, a new attempt of the Chinese vocabulary study Key words ：Chinese vocabulary; vocabulary study; structure of thinking
交际能力Ability of communication /communicative ability 语言能力capability of language/linguistic competence /language competence 理解能力ability of comprehension 文化差异 cultral diversity 差异diversity/difference信息传播 information spreadin/ dissemination of information
Of the cultivation of intercultural communication competence has become the 21 st century the teaching goal of college English teaching. Ability to cross-cultural communication is the social culture and language ability of fusion. Of the cultivation of intercultural communication competence should combine language teaching, pay attention to culture quality improvement and the dual cultural understanding ability. International business English interpreter special attention should be paid to in cross-cultural communication with their foreign cultural differences, and try to make these differences in interpretation process disappear, and at the same time in reproducing in the receptor language. In today's world, science and technology advance by leaps and bounds, the tide of economic globalization surges, information dissemination changes with each new day, the world of cross-cultural communication between more and more frequent, translation as a cross-cultural communication bridge are playing a more and more important role.
网上自动在线翻译就很方便了