给我汉字 Funds are the lifeblood of our ability to operate normally, while the fund management has become the core content of corporate Finance and Accounting is exclusively through certain technical means and methods of accounting for funds, and specifically for corporate governance, decision-making accounting information in a As we all know, with the continuous development of the economy, financial accounting in the management, decision-making in an increasingly important Accordingly, the financial accounting of quality, a direct impact on the managers, operators, investors and the public interest, but also affect the company's economic, social image and social credibility, and therefore the process of socio-economic operations irreplaceable Enterprise Management is designed to achieve maximum benefits in the enterprise, that is a great honor to bring to the enterprise, and the various enterprises will realize the healthy and sustainable Business operations and financial condition is through the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and The accounting department directly through the corporate accounting, business conditions and results for effective financial analysis, not only to promote enterprise managers can quickly understand how much of the current corporate profits and the level of debt capacity, but also can be found Enterprise The size of the risks, pros and cons of corporate capital structure, so that the operators use many aspects of the enterprise to make the right decisions, with minimal risk, the most healthy financial position to achieve the maximum profit the At the same time, you can also find some essential issues, in order to improve management to provide the basis of some relevant
计算机，方面的英语论的
To become involved in document imaging, you presumably already have a large collection of paper These documents must be converted into electronic images in a process known as backfile According to one particularly practical article, this process involves the following five steps:(12) Document PreparationOrganize and discard old ScanningPurchase an appropriate scanner for your Autofeed scanners are a myth; hands-on feeding is a IndexingCreate all potential identifiers, using current technology such as autoindexing, OCR, and bar Where possible, use existing databases to retrieve additional information, such as employee information from an ID Quality AssuranceManage the process carefully; conversion is tedious and Get it right the first time, because reprocessing is Image IntegrationYour goal is a system to handle daily Service bureaus may be appropriate for the backfile work while you focus on the future As part of the document conversion process, paper documents are scanned, and images are converted into electronic files and kept in large electronic filing (13) The document images may be recognized by optical character recognition (OCR) software and converted into computer interpretable text, which can be indexed and According to the news magazine Imaging World, "office workers spend 60% of the day dealing with paper documents and US businesses continue to create over one billion pages of paper each "(14) That's a lot of The same article categorizes the imaging market into five components: • image input • image storage • image management and processing • image communications • image output and display Let's examine three aspects of these First, the OCR part of the input component; second, text retrieval, part of the management and processing component; finally, the media issues that are part of the storage %D3%D0%B9%D8%3B%BC%C6%CB%E3%BB%FA%3B%B5%C4%3B%D3%A2%CE%C4%3B%CE%C4%D5%C2&url=http%3A//zhidao%2Ebaidu%2Ecom/question/7770645%2Ehtml&p=8e6cc1019e904eac5c9fc4710f08&user=baidu%D3%D0%B9%D8%BC%C6%CB%E3%BB%FA%B5%C4%D3%A2%CE%C4%CE%C4%D5%C2&cl=3自己去这里查吧,多得是哦!
浅析会计信息失真 谈谈资产减值的几个问题 论审计风险的防范与控制 论我国会计电算化的发展 浅论人力资源会计 论泰罗科学管理理论的基本特点和借鉴意义 论审计风险 会计电算化工作可能出现的问题及对策 试论会计职业道德特征和建设途径 审计独立性之我见 关于商誉会计理论的思考 浅论所得税会计 试论会计国际化 财务总监与企业内部会计制度设计 如何界定会计信息失真 注册会计师的法律责任研究 强化应收账款的日常管理 新形势下防范与抵御银行会计风险初探 新世纪会计的发展趋势 价值本质规律----价值规律的最新发展 浅析电算化审计 亦谈会计信息失真的成因与对策 论注册会计师的职业道德与法律责任 国内信用证为何遭遇冷落 会计人员职业道德争议——会计职业道德面临 会计电算化应用中存在的问题及对策 2002年国际集装箱运输市场展望 市场经济发展与会计制度改革 公允价值计量属性应用现状及展望 试论会计信息的失真 浅议企业集团税收筹划 我国环境会计若干问题探讨 浅谈企业内部审计的作用问题及对策 对会计职能的再认识 全面推进企业会计制度改革 会计职业道德 做好出纳工作 规范会计工作秩序 我国民营中小企业制度与制度创新 论我国增值税制度改革之路 森工企业如何实现会计电算化 试论谨慎性原则在会计实务中的运用 会计改革中实质重于形式原则的剖析 如何提高会计信息披露质量 会计论文的结构 会计电算化目前的问题及对对策 管理会计应用中的问题及对策 提高会计信息质量的经济学思考
那你就去找些参考文献，自己看看学习学习吧，汉斯出版社的官网上有很多这类文献可以参考的
论会计信息管理的价值 一、欧美管理会计发展沿革 （一）与财务会计相比，管理会计更应关注企业内部 近代大工业的发展，出现了一些多为等级制的组织形式，在这些组织中产生了对会计信息的新需求，从而产生近代的管理会计。管理会计信息系统不仅可以提供有关成本管理的及时、真实的信息，还逐步发展成为一种双向沟通系统，在企业内部的规划、控制、交流、激励、评价等方面发挥作用。 然而到了20世纪的二三十年代，当几乎所有与管理会计有关的技术方法都出现以后，管理会计的发展却似乎停步了。分析其原因，很重要的一条是因为采用管理会计信息系统的大型企业获得成功，使得小型企业以其为范例，不再追求创新和改进。另一重要原因是管理会计信息相关性丧失。30年代以后，外部市场尤其是证券市场强化了对企业信息披露的要求，企业的股权也越来越多地分散到众多的小股东手中，企业对外财务报告受到的压力不断加大。企业面对压力，自然会将会计工作的重心更多地“外向”。企业的会计人员不得不忙于编制各期的财务报告，不再愿意花时间来设计企业的管理会计系统。企业管理者也受到了迷信数字的投资者的影响，不得不时时关注外部人员对自己的评价，琢磨如何在短期提高自己的声誉，而不是关心企业的长期生存。因此管理会计赖以发展的企业精神和基本要求完全丧失了，管理会计也就不能再为企业的管理者提供高度相关的信息了。 这种情况持续到20世纪80年代。在80年代初期的情形是，管理会计信息完全依附于企业的财务会计信息系统对管理者而言，这些信息既缺乏时效，又过于笼统对规划和控制而言更是被扭曲了。当此种情形被研究者揭示出来之后，立即在欧美的管理会计界引发了极大震动，无论是实务界还是学术界都开始对传统的管理会计系统进行反思，并按现有的技术条件和环境因素，结合企业的实际情况进行了革新，从而促成了管理会计教育和理论研究的新发展。 （二）理论界的发展 从20世纪80年代初期起作为管理会计理论发展的最大推动力，是经济学的委托代理理论。代理人和委托人之间的责任关系和内容，是双方在事前的雇佣合同中约定的。最初的代理模型只是关注风险规避和惰性条件下的代理人与委托人之间均衡的薪酬计划，也就是委托人在激励机制与风险选择之间的制约均衡。很明显这只是企业行为的一个方面，后来这一理论逐步扩展到研究管理会计过程和方法在公司内部发挥作用的必要性以及如何发挥上。从这一意义上说，委托代理理论为我们提供了认识整个企业管理会计的基本理论框架。后来的实证研究也证明，该理论与企业的部分实际行为（如：企业长期投资选择，短期行为倾向，签定薪酬合同等）保持一致。 但是由于模型本身的假设过于严格，而分析又过于简化，使得理论在实际中的直接应用的效果不明显，理论的实证检验也十分有限。针对理论模型的缺陷，90年代以后，委托代理理论又形成了几大分支（1）分析式代理理论：注重分析方法的规范化，坚信严格方法下必定会得到正确答案。（2）交易成本理论：强调模型参与人的有限理性，交易成本以及合同的不完美性，可以很好地解释在发生突发事件的条件下模型内部的稳定性，以交易成本的最小化解决代理基本模型与实践的脱节。本理论非常强调实证研究，强调问题的发现而不是答案。（3）Rochester模型强调企业内部均衡之外的劳动力市场与资本市场的作用，以及交易成本、机会主义行为的存在。本理论的模型分析过程非常明确，尤其注重利用数据对所提出假设的实证性验证结果，可以很好地解释管理者对财务政策的选择倾向和公司模式的选择行为。 以上几个模型大大拓展了传统代理模型在实践中的应用，尤其是在以下几个方面的研究中取得突破（1）内部监督的价值：主要涉及企业代理人、委托人双方的信息状态，以及监督系统本身的成本效益分析；（2）盈余行为主要考察企业内部披露原则的适用性，以及作在代理人私有信息情况下的信息披露的帕累托最优水平；（3）成本分摊选择：主要讨论零积博弈条件下，委托人的最优成本分摊政策选择；（4）业绩评价与回报评价：从敏感性角度设立模型，考察不同业绩和回报评价组合的最优化。 这些方面作为传统委托代理理论模型的有益补充，构成了未来管理会计理论研究的基本框架。 但是，即使有了构造严谨的模型作为补充，委托代理理论仍存在很大的改进空间，尤其是对后两个模型而言，模型发展并不像前者那样完美，尤其是对待诸如交易成本、均衡等基本概念的定义过于模糊，内容也不够全面，相关的批判性和改进性的又章是近几年的焦点。另一方面，实证检验方法也受到批评。由于管理会计本身是一项涉及企业方方面面实践活动的工程，管理会计理论研究倾向于理论本身是经过企业的实践检验的，而对实证研究方法而言，希望得出的结论应当是涉及委托代理理论的一般性原则，所以不可能直接用来解释企业中出现的特定问题，这是由企业实践的复杂性和实证研究的局限性所决定的。所以单从方法论的角度而言，即使委托代理理论对管理会计理论的发展具有基础性支撑作用，管理会计本身仍然需要有自己特定的拓展。 （三）实务界的发展 应当说，前述管理会计在理论上的飞跃，首先是基于管理会计实务在科技进步企业已经出现的变革（尽管还不够普遍）。 企业管理会计实务上的变革和发展，很大程度上是由企业的组织形式所驱动，而决定企业组织形式的主要因素是企业所处的经公环境。进入20世纪80年代以后，对公司企业而言，欧美市场的最大变化体现在： （1）竞争加剧：企业面对日益扩大的全球化市场，必须不断改进技术和换代产品，更要集中精力关注市场上客户的需求。与之相应的企业组织结构也会发牛很久的变化，要求自一定的弹性来处理全球化中的义化冲突，以及住销扩展和客户需求满足中的及时反馈。各类企业都在变革中突出自己的个性化形象。作为市场的管理者，政府也不失时机地推出限制性措施，使得企业面临的竞争环境受到更多的制约，从而使竞争日趋激烈。 （2）经营技术的变革在一些行业的先导企业中，为了解决机制陈旧问题，激励员工的工作积极性，出现了即时制（JIT），全面质量管理（TQM），弹性了作系统（FWS）等创新机制。这些机制的运用使得企业内部管理者得以更深刻地了解企业在经营运作中产生的各种信息。 （3）信息技术的飞跃：计算机的广泛应用，不仅使得会计信息处理的手工化行为得以“电算化”，更重要的是，导致整个企业的内部管理信息流程发生了质的变化。对经营管理信息的量化、收集、处理、报告，分析系统完全可以按固定的程式进行，并进一步灵活组合。所“生产”的信息不仅数量多，而且及时、准确，可以保证贴近第一时间的反映。 （4）组织设计战略：今天的组织不再是单纯的责任分配，而更多要从企业所处的环境和企业战略来考虑。无论是水平、弹性的结构，还是对外的兼并、收购行为，都是为了配合整个企业的战略发展。正是由于以上变化，在企业管理会计实务中出现了作业制成本核算（ABC）、作业制管理（ABM）、作业制预算（ABB）、标杆制（Benchmark）以及业绩评价中的综合平衡记分卡（BalancedScorecard）等创新方法。其中，ABC，ABM和ABB强调的是突破原有的成本机制，从企业生产经营活动的作业动因出发，按作业的基础分摊成本，获取管理信息，制定管理决策，改进作业质量标杆制和经营业绩平衡表则突破了企业财务会计信息系统的限制，吸收财务指标之外的非财务指标信息，共同作为业绩评价的组成部分。同时其他涉及企业战略行为的新方法如战略成本等观念也已成型。 （四）教育界的转变 20世纪80年代初期管理会计界的反省和重新发展，是从会计界学者和实务工作者对管理会计教育的知识体系（尤其是对教科书的内容）提出批评开始的。在传统的教育体制下，管理会计与财务会计长期相互困扰，尤其是管理会计在会计教育体系中的比重相对较轻。 从著名管理会计学家、美国哈佛大学教授RobertKaPlan等所著《相关性的丧失一管理会计的兴衰》一书开始，管理会计的变革波及了教育界。而且，卡普兰教授本人也参与到推动管理会计理论与实践在教育界的结合中来。他所著《高级管理会计》一书，分别有过1982年、1989年和1998年二个版本。三个版本在内容和指导思想上的明显不同，可以说在相当大的程度上体现了近20年来管理会计的重心演变。这些变化的要点可以概括为（1）建立在动因作业确认基础上的成本分摊，既力求成本核算的精确，为内部管理决策提供更精细的信息，也符合财务会计的成本处理原则，具有可行性；（2）由ABC推展到ABM并精辟论述了ABC与ABM的理论与实务，使之成为本书新的重心；（3）通过生命周期成本（LCC）、目标成本（MC）、改善成本（KC）等，将战略管理观念融入管理会计系统，突出战略成本管理的意义（4）以综合平衡记分卡取代传统的以财务指标体系为主的经营业绩评价方法；（5）适宜于实务的特点，减少了数学方法应用的内容。 由此可见欧美教育界对管理会计教育的变革之一斑。另一方面，管理会计理论与组织行为学、信息经济学等相关学科相结合，也使得管理会计的内容空前丰富。 综上所述，20世纪80年代的欧美管理会计最具突破性的变革，与市场环境变化密切联系。可以说，是市场环境的改变，推动了管理会计的发展。而对管理会计而言，所有的创新都来自管理会计体制的创新。归根结底，没有信息系统的创新就没有管理会计的发展。
这个- -学校要吧
我是在VIP英语论文找他们帮忙的，半个月的时间就帮我搞定了，之后导师要什么参考文献，数据演示和截图，他们都给我搞好了，觉得服务挺周到的，呵呵wqtedlmapz
虽然有人说,成分的会计报表可以被认为是自治和独立的元素,整个会计处理流程结束在一套财务报表中密切相连的从信息的观点。因此,收入中显示的资产负债表,自己去,但是他们的阶段被彻底地描述的损益表。如果我们考虑公司的现金帐户的资产负债表和它互相连接的现金流通
CONCLUSION The Committee believes that calls for separate private company GAAP should be framed within the legal and institutional environment of each If public and private companies are subject to the same financial reporting requirements, as in many IASB countries, then the need for separate private company GAAP might be justified within an appropriate cost-benefit In contrast, private companies in the US are not required to comply with public company GAAP Given this difference in the institutional environment, calls for private company GAAP in the US must consider the demand for and supply of financial reporting information in the current private company Survey research in the US indicates that private company users find public company GAAP financial statements to have significant decision usefulness, and to be cost-benefit In addition, evidence suggests that when the cost-benefit calculus is not favorable, market forces lead to deviations from GAAP While some assert that the needs of private company financial statement users differ from those of public company stakeholders, the Committee does not find clear evidence of differential user needs or a clear articulation of how differential needs would lead to a framework for GAAP that differs from the current public company financial reporting requirements in the US Overall, if there is demand for separate private company GAAP, then market forces, rather than standard setters, may be better at meeting the differential information needs of The Committee does not see a persuasive argument for standard setters to create a separate private company GAAP in the US结论 该委员会认为要求独立的私人公司一般公认会计原则应裱在法律和制度环境的。如果公共和私人公司有相同的财务报告的要求,在许多国家,并在此基础上,需要IASB进行为独立的私人公司公认会计准则的称义在适当的财政框架。相比之下,私营企业在美国也不需要符合上市公司一般公认会计原则。鉴于此,分别在制度环境呼吁私人公司一般公认会计原则在美国必须考虑需求和供给的财务报告信息在当前的私人公司的市场。 调查研究表明,在美国上市公司,用户找到私人公司财务报表有显著的公认会计准则决策有用性、利益有效。此外,有证据表明,在财政微积分并非有利,市场力量导致偏离公认会计准则的前提下。虽然有些断言的需要,民营企业财务报表使用者不同利益相关者的上市公司,委员会不会发现明显的证据表明微分用户需求或一个清晰的清晰度的需求导致了差,不同于一般公认会计原则框架当前上市公司财务报告的要求,在美国的整体,如果有需求,独立的私人公司公认会计准则的前提下,市场力量,而非标准者,可以更好地满足需求 variousprivatecompanystakeholders微分信息该委员会也不觉得有说服力的论据为准则制定者去创造一个独立的私人公司一般公认会计原则在美国
给我汉字 Funds are the lifeblood of our ability to operate normally, while the fund management has become the core content of corporate Finance and Accounting is exclusively through certain technical means and methods of accounting for funds, and specifically for corporate governance, decision-making accounting information in a As we all know, with the continuous development of the economy, financial accounting in the management, decision-making in an increasingly important Accordingly, the financial accounting of quality, a direct impact on the managers, operators, investors and the public interest, but also affect the company's economic, social image and social credibility, and therefore the process of socio-economic operations irreplaceable Enterprise Management is designed to achieve maximum benefits in the enterprise, that is a great honor to bring to the enterprise, and the various enterprises will realize the healthy and sustainable Business operations and financial condition is through the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and The accounting department directly through the corporate accounting, business conditions and results for effective financial analysis, not only to promote enterprise managers can quickly understand how much of the current corporate profits and the level of debt capacity, but also can be found Enterprise The size of the risks, pros and cons of corporate capital structure, so that the operators use many aspects of the enterprise to make the right decisions, with minimal risk, the most healthy financial position to achieve the maximum profit the At the same time, you can also find some essential issues, in order to improve management to provide the basis of some relevant
What is an accounting? accounting is a business language, it must be reflected by the current economic reality content business, the reality of economic issues how to display and description is true about important issues, there are views “ accounting is in money as the main unit of measure to voucher on the basis of special techniques, a principal economic activities for a comprehensive, integrated, continuous, checking and supervision, and regularly to provide accounting information in an economic and administrative ”If we put it out with a simpler name called, it is: “ accounting is an economic management activities ”, a little clearer: ” “ accounting is active, it has a unity, All things considered, the accounting is more than a To learn accounting, you have to master the science of learning is to learn the key to this course: to grasp the basic concepts of accounting, the basic The basic method, basic Note three contact: to note that various economic links between the to note that the links between the accounts, pay attention to accounting methods between contact:III handling three to deal with the relationship between the full and focal to deal with a good understanding and to deal with the relationship between the self-study and face to faceWhat is the future of accounting? as I'm concerned, the accounting future is today's hard I'm not going to predict the future, but I have to work hard in today's working environment in the future will continue to change, and the employment situation will also be aggravating, and upward mobility and competition is bound to be eliminated and accounting this post and talents who are falling behind isMy mother is an old accounting, she once told me: “ not in accordance with the accounting rules and regulations, is not a qualified accountant; just press the accounting rules and regulations, is not a qualified accountant; protection of interests of substance over form; enforcement system in the form of the substance is more important than; to deal with all complicated things the best way to capture the essence, simplify ” This is our accounting working environment with easy-to-just a short walk away, look at our how to do Now that half a semester of study, my understanding of accounting and one step further and take it to the financial statements:Financial statements also called external financial statements, is transactions'effect for banjiachi transactions'effect financial position and operating in the financial statements,The financial statements reflect company period operating results and financial position of the change in the financial statements are available from six ways to discover problems or A look at the income statement of income and this year, compared to last year revenue growth falls within a reasonable The second of Three long-term investment is Four look at other students'payment is Five for any related party transactions,Six at the cash flow statement is to reflect the movement of funds, cash injection and look for the causes and
The Committee believes that calls for separate private company GAAP should be framed within the legal and institutional environment of each If public and private companies are subject to the same financial reporting requirements, as in many IASB countries, then the need for separate private company GAAP might be justified within an appropriate cost-benefit In contrast, private companies in the US are not required to comply with public company GAAP Given this difference in the institutional environment, calls for private company GAAP in the US must consider the demand for and supply of financial reporting information in the current private company Survey research in the US indicates that private company users find public company GAAP financial statements to have significant decision usefulness, and to be cost-benefit In addition, evidence suggests that when the cost-benefit calculus is not favorable, market forces lead to deviations from GAAP While some assert that the needs of private company financial statement users differ from those of public company stakeholders, the Committee does not find clear evidence of differential user needs or a clear articulation of how differential needs would lead to a framework for GAAP that differs from the current public company financial reporting requirements in the US Overall, if there is demand for separate private company GAAP, then market forces, rather than standard setters, may be better at meeting the differential information needs of The Committee does not see a persuasive argument for standard setters to create a separate private company GAAP in the US