54．中国网络电视的现状及前景分析 选这个吧，要知道，网络电视现在可是热门话题，一次奥运，带动了电视上网络这个产业的突破，我想，今后也会向这方面发展，尤其是3G的网络在中国推出后，这一定是一个有前景的课题
《会计电算化的最新进展》，好写。
工商管理专业论文题目1.企业文化模式研究. 2.企业协同效应研究. 3.企业智力酱研究. 4.品牌延伸的问题与对策. 5.入世后黑色家电的产业分析与企业对策. 6.关于推选股票期权制若干问题的探讨. 7.企业如何应对“入世”的机遇和挑战. 8.多元化经营战略的全方位思考. 9.关于企业实施名牌战略问题的研究. 10.完善我国上市公司的公司治理结构. 11.管理伦理与现代公司经营. 12.风险资本与高新技术企业的公司治理. 13.全球化背景下我国IT企业的发展战略. 14.战略联盟研究. 15.全球化与企业生产战略选择. 16.ERP在我国企业的运用. 17.完善上市公司董事会功能的若干思考. 18.我国跨国公司直接投资的战略和策略分析. 19.中小企业发展：思考与对策. 20.虚拟企业对我国管理组织的启示. 21.跨国并购企业的文化管理. 22.CEO的激励和监督机制. 23.如何提升企业核心竞争能力. 24.中国企业如何 实施“走出去”战略. 25.外国国有企业改革的启迪与借鉴. 26.员工培训与开发的理论、实践和创新研究. 27.企业人力淘汰的合理配置与使用研究. 28.知识经济时代人才管理与企业家激励机制研究. 29.人力资本投资与提高人力资源的质量. 30.家族企业管理研究. 31.企业绩效考核研究. 32.企业人才激励与薪酬管理. 33.中式快餐的发展问题. 34.企业文化的塑造管理道德与社会责任问题研究. 35.论企业家的修养. 36.中小企业电子商务可行性分析. 37.我国中小企业信息化现状和存在问题研究. 38.中小企业开展电子商务的初步研究. 39.电子商务对中小企业的影响. 40.企业导入ERP的成功关键因素探讨. 41.电子商务系统建设探讨. 42.电子商务环境下的企业信息系统建设. 43.试比较欧美电子商务发展策略的异同. 44.电子商务的安全技术解决方案. 45.电子商务的保障－EC安全技术与认证浅析. 46.国内电子商务网站的综合评述. 47.电子商务条件下的物流模式研究. 48.我国第三方物流发展的制约因素及其相应对策. 49.配送中心的规划与发展策略. 50.供应链管理模式下的物流策略. 51.商贸物流的特点及其发展策略. 52.企业物流的特点及其发展策略. 53.物流信息化的现状与发展方向. 54.物流自动化的现状与发展方向. 55.国际物流的特点及其模式探讨. 56.条码技术与物流运作案例分析. 57.基于互联网络环境下的消费者购买行为研究. 58.基于互联网络环境下的B2B交易行为研究. 59.基于互联网络环境的目标市场选择模型研究. 60.基于互联网络环境的市场细分模型研究. 61.基于互联网络环境的市场定位策略研究. 62.网络营销渠道策略的选择模型（模式）研究. 63.网络营销品牌策略的选择模型（模式）研究. 64.网络营销服务策略的选择模型（模式）研究. 65.大学生网络游戏消费态度及行为的相关研究. 66.网上第三方支付平台研究. 67.B2C电子商务中消费者感知风险影响因素研究. 68.基于消费者视角的网上购物感知风险研究. 69.大学生使用网上银行的影响因素实证研究. 70.网络对于大学生就业影响的实证研究. 71.大学生对于网络安全认知的调查研究. 72.大学生使用网络行为的实证研究. 73.电子商务信用风险管理模式及其机制. 74.电子商务系统集成评价体系. 75.面向电子商务的企业集成信息化机理及其模式. 76.电子商务与供应链的集成. 77.电子商务项目风险的集成管理模式. 78.企业电子商务战略及其评价. 79.电子支付体系及其监管模式. 80.面向电子商务的供应链伙伴合作机制. 81.虚拟企业间信息集成模式研究. 82.电子政府的集成及其协作方. 83.**行业电子商务柔性研究（可选择服装、图书等行业）. 84.网络广告的现状分析及发展趋势研究. 85.中小企业电子商务平台的模式研究. 86.传统营销渠道与网络营销渠道的整合研究. 87.窜货的本源及其有效控制. 88.儿童消费者行为研究. 89.分销渠道的冲突与激励. 90.服务市场营销. 91.广告代言人的选择及其效果研究. 92.金融营销初探. 93.经济全球化与我国零售业发展对策研究. 94.口碑营销初探. 95.老年旅游市场分析与营销对策. 96.论中小企业营销战略. 97.名人广告对消费者心理及行为的影响. 98.女性消费者行为研究. 99.品牌塑造与广告关系分析. 100.企业多元化问题研究. 101.企业价格竞争战略研究. 102.企业文化研究. 103.浅析消费者品牌忠诚. 104.青少年消费者行为研究. 105.渠道创新战略研究. 106.全球化背景下的品牌策略. 107.商业企业自有品牌研究. 108.试论经济全球化与营销本土化. 109.试论企业组织内部的沟通与激励. 120.试论中小企业的竞争战略. 121.试析关系营销. 122.试析客户关系管理. 123.试析营销风险管理. 124.试析整合营销. 125.体育营销初探. 126.网络购物行为研究. 127.我国连锁经营的现状问题及其对策. 128.我国著名品牌的成功及其原因分析. 129.销售渠道控制与管理研究. 130.营销创新战略研究. 131.营销队伍建设与管理. 132.营销危机的防范与补救. 133.中国老年市场营销初探. 134.中国企业绿色营销战略研究. 135.中国特许经营企业营销策略设计. 136.中国消费者消费心理与行为特征研究 文秘杂烩网
这个市网络传播的论文吧 博克现象分析 这个有很多学习新闻的人写过 你要想写好这里面的 其中一个就要好好审题 把意思弄明白 然后要写的新颖还要题目不要太大 要有一定的研究价值 参考网络上的资料和书籍的在加上你自己的思考
下载知网论文步骤：
我是在家使用的知网，用的是文献党下载器（wxdown.org），在文献党下载器资源库，双击“知网”名称进入知网首页，首页有很多检索项，可以根据自己已知内容来选择：
例如输入关键词“乡村振兴”能检索出很多篇相关文献，在相关文献页，可以勾选左侧工具栏选项添加检索条件，还可以选择文献类型比如是学术期刊、学位论文、会议等进行二次检索：
例如需要下载今天才首发的这篇最新文献，点击篇名打开文献：
在文献详情页点击PDF下载全文：
下载好的全文：
下载参考文献可以点击文献详情页的引号标识：
另外，下载知网硕博论文是CAJ格式，需要下载知网阅读器才能打开下载的文件，但很多人反应该阅读器不好用，所以下载知网博硕论文可以把知网转换成英文版知网，再输入篇名检索就能下载到PDF格式的全文了，下载后的仍然是中文：
最后说下知网的高级检索，知网的高级检索页，点击“学术期刊”会出现“文献来源类别”选项可选核心期刊：
点击“学位论文”会出现“优秀论文级别”选项：
以上就是在家使用知网的途径及使用知网的常用几个功能。
我开通了校园网，但是我使用的校外访问。
在登录知网的时候，你是看下右下角有个 校外访问 ，你点进去登录试试。
我提前说明一下，我是买了校园网的，但是我用的我手机的wifi热点连上得网络，然后使用的是“校外访问”登录上去的。登录成功后显示的是你的学校的名字，不是你个人的名字。
有CAJ 和PDF两种格式的论文，PDF格式，大部分电脑都有自带的软件，比如WORD,WPS,ADOBE等等。但是CAJ，英文是China acdamic Joural 中国学术期刊，这种格式你需要下载E-STUDY 或者叫什么CAJ浏览器，我觉得E-study比较好，因为这个都嫩用，CAJ浏览器只能看CAJ的。
另外，我找到这篇文章，你可以自己看！
（网页链接）
学生在知网首页右上角点击登录按钮，输入账号和密码，点击登录即可。
登录成功后，学生可以在中国知网中阅读或者下载文献内容，在知网首页检索栏中输入文献标题，点击检索后进入文献页面，在文献页面下方有四个选项，分别是手机阅读、html阅读、caj下载和pdf下载，学生可以点击html阅读或者pdf下载，即可在知网将文献下载导出至学生电脑中。
中国知网即中国国家知识基础设施（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI），是在教育部。
中共中央宣传部、科技部、国家新闻出版广电总局、国家计委的大力支持下，由清华大学和清华同方发起，以实现全社会知识资源传播共享与增值利用为目标，始建于1999年6月的知识信息化建设项目。
打开百度搜索引擎，输入“中国知网”进行搜索；点击中国知网的官网网站进入，打开网站；在首页搜索栏中选择不同的搜索途径，例如：主题、关键词、篇名、作者、单位、摘要等；确定搜索后，在搜索框里输入要搜索的内容，点击搜索按键；搜索结果出来后，可以在搜索页面进行年份、学科、下载数、作者等进一步缩小搜索范围；找到心仪的论文后，可以点击论文，选择论文下方的下载即可。中国知网有大量的论文可以供大家查询、阅读和下载，有利于大家开阔视野，增长知识。请点击输入图片描述· 知网是国家知识基础设施的概念，由世界银行于1998年提出。CNKI工程是以实现全社会知识资源传播共享与增值利用为目标的信息化建设项目。知网的概念是国家知识基础设施(National Knowledge Infrastructure，NKI)，由世界银行于1998年提出。CNKI工程是以实现全社会知识资源传播共享与增值利用为目标的信息化建设项目，由清华大学、清华同方发起，始建于1999年6月。在党和国家领导以及教育部、中宣部、科技部、新闻出版总署、国家版权局、国家发改委的大力支持下，在全国学术界、教育界、出版界、图书情报界等社会各界的密切配合和清华大学的直接领导下，CNKI工程集团经过多年努力，采用自主开发并具有国际领先水平的数字图书馆技术，建成了世界上全文信息量规模最大的"CNKI数字图书馆"，并正式启动建设《中国知识资源总库》及CNKI网格资源共享平台，通过产业化运作，为全社会知识资源高效共享提供最丰富的知识信息资源和最有效的知识传播与数字化学习平台。请点击输入图片描述
用户需要进入知网首页，在首页的检索栏中输入论文标题，或者点击检索栏右边的高级检索按钮。根据自己的需求设置对应的搜索条件，点击检索后即可查找到相关论文资料。知网的检索栏可以通过主题、关键词、摘要、全文等进行文献检索，且检索栏中可以同时输入多个主题词或关键词，通过并、或、否等连词表示各个搜索词来进行搜索。知网即中国知网，或常被称为中国期刊网，是中国最大的学术论文数据库和学术电子资源集成商，汇聚了数量庞大的学术期刊、专利、优秀博硕士学位论文等资源。
下载知网论文步骤：
我是在家使用的知网，用的是文献党下载器（wxdown.org），在文献党下载器资源库，双击“知网”名称进入知网首页，首页有很多检索项，可以根据自己已知内容来选择：
例如输入关键词“乡村振兴”能检索出很多篇相关文献，在相关文献页，可以勾选左侧工具栏选项添加检索条件，还可以选择文献类型比如是学术期刊、学位论文、会议等进行二次检索：
例如需要下载今天才首发的这篇最新文献，点击篇名打开文献：
在文献详情页点击PDF下载全文：
下载好的全文：
下载参考文献可以点击文献详情页的引号标识：
另外，下载知网硕博论文是CAJ格式，需要下载知网阅读器才能打开下载的文件，但很多人反应该阅读器不好用，所以下载知网博硕论文可以把知网转换成英文版知网，再输入篇名检索就能下载到PDF格式的全文了，下载后的仍然是中文：
最后说下知网的高级检索，知网的高级检索页，点击“学术期刊”会出现“文献来源类别”选项可选核心期刊：
点击“学位论文”会出现“优秀论文级别”选项：
以上就是在家使用知网的途径及使用知网的常用几个功能。
你学的是什么方向
第一，你可以从构图角度入手。例如讲张艺谋，就是个摄影专业出生的，拍些电影虽然内容不好，但是讲究画面构图大气或者唯美。第二，你可以从固定镜头拍摄入手，例如讲侯孝贤，全用固定镜头拍摄，用平淡累计情感最后爆发。第三，你可以从定格动画角度入手，一帧即一张照片。甚至从胶片电影入手，电影就是每秒24张胶片照片么。你也可以分章节讨论把以上的都写进去，应该字数不成问题。
视觉传达毕业论文题目
视觉传达毕业论文题目具体有哪些呢，大家有了解过吗?下面是我为大家介绍的视觉传达毕业论文题目，欢迎参考和阅读，希望能帮到大家!
视觉传达毕业论文题目
1.浅谈计算机图形图像设计与视觉传达设计
2.基于视觉传达设计中视觉思维模式创新的研究
3.新媒体艺术语言在视觉传达中的应用
4.基于视觉传达艺术发展的民族传统设计创新探讨
5.数字广告中数字媒体的视觉传达设计
6.视觉传达设计视角下的科技图像创作研究
7.动态构成在视觉传达设计中的运用与研究
8.跨界与融合--数字信息时代背景下视觉传达设计的新思考
9.色彩符号与企业形象的视觉传达
10.汉字象形造字法在视觉传达中的设计应用
11.中国传统元素在视觉传达设计中的应用研究
12.“视觉传达设计专业”在现实中的应用探究
13.新媒体语境下的视觉传达设计探讨
14.移动互联网背景下视觉传达设计专业人才培养模式研究
15.视觉传达设计中的图形创意表现研究
16.从空无、自然、融合三个角度谈视觉传达设计中的艺术美
17.“私人定制”视觉传达中的定制式设计理念
18.数码技术在视觉传达设计中的应用研究
19.基于视觉传达要素的制造装备人机优化设计方法研究
20.敦煌联珠纹的形态特征与其在视觉传达设计中的应用
21.基于可持续发展理论下的视觉传达设计
22.浅析视觉传达设计与品牌形象的有效整合
23.现代视觉传达的多维感官设计运用探析
24.探究UI设计的视觉传达艺术
25.旅游纪念品视觉传达设计与开发
26.色彩的视觉传达在广告设计中的运用
27.基于视觉传达设计领域的互补设计方法研究
28.信息时代的视觉传达设计特征与发展研究综述
29.动态视觉传达设计在数字媒体中的应用及发展方向
30.视觉传达的灵境语言
31.本土文化视域下的视觉传达设计及拓展重构
32.探讨视觉传达设计发展趋势的分析
33.独特的视觉传达系统研究
34.订制婚礼中视觉传达设计的应用研究
35.视觉传达设计中图形创意的应用与商业价值研究
36.基于观者位移产生的动态错觉在视觉传达设计中的应用
37.关于多媒体设计与视觉传达的完美结合研究
38.视觉传达设计中民族文化符号的应用
39.浅谈视觉传达设计中图形创意的表现
40.视觉传达设计专业学生的实践能力培养探析
41.视觉传达设计中的色彩应用分析
42.视觉传达设计在空间设计中的新发展
43.视觉传达设计中的视觉疲劳现象研究
44.基于信息设计的视觉传达领域新应用
45.文化产业背景下视觉传达设计的转型
46.江汉大学视觉传达设计专业创新型人才培养探析
47.视觉传达设计创新性思维模式初探
48.浅析视觉传达设计创新思维的内涵及原则
49.展示空间中的视觉传达设计元素分析
50.女性身体元素在竞技体育中的视觉传达
51.谈信息时代下视觉传达设计的发展
52.视觉传达设计中笔墨艺术元素的应用
53.D数字化广告的视觉传达效应探析
54.论包装色彩视觉传达的话语意义
55.浅析现代婚庆视觉传达设计
56.数字时代的视觉传达专业的内涵与外延
57.视觉传达设计中抽象图形的针对性提炼与表现
58.探讨视觉传达艺术设计的创新设计理念
59.数字媒体对视觉传达设计的影响分析
60.浅谈视觉传达设计的多元化发展
61.对视觉传达设计中情感理念的表现研究
62.视觉传达设计中视觉思维模式的创新
63.网页设计之视觉传达研究
64.虚拟现实环境下计算机图形图像设计与视觉传达设计
65.数字媒体时代视觉传达专业图形创意课程改革研究
66.景颇族服饰视觉呈现中的社会情境表述
67.视觉传达技术在茶叶包装设计上的运用
68.从视觉心理角度解读自由版式中的视觉游戏
69.基于视觉信息传达的网页界面设计研究
70.“东方葵”的图像叙事与视觉传达
71.网络广告中的视觉传达设计艺术探究
72.浅析视觉营销在商品E化过程中的应用
73.广告视觉传达设计的研究与探讨
74.从标志设计的演变谈视觉简化心理
75.视觉传达设计中传统装饰艺术符号的融入
76.节约型包装视觉传达设计研究
77.数字时代视觉传达设计的新观念探索
78.图表设计与可视化分析
79.技术推动观念 VR技术引发的视觉传达新观念
80.视觉传达设计中的多媒体艺术的表现形式
81.基于数字媒体语境下的视觉传达设计
82.虚拟现实环境下计算机图形图像设计与视觉传达设计
83.视错觉表现在视觉传达设计中的应用
84.论互联网时代视觉传达设计的方法和表现特性
85.视觉传达设计中的多媒体艺术表现形式研究
86.考虑视觉传达效果的夜视环境视觉定位方法研究
87.当代中国设计活动中审美形态的来源--以视觉传达设计为例
88.中国传统文化元素在视觉传达设计中的应用
89.数字时代视觉传达设计的新观念
90.交通标示颜色的视觉传达作用仿真分析
91.视觉传达设计中的传统文化符号探究
92.中国传统家具元素在视觉传达设计中的应用探析
93.视觉传达设计对地方经济发展的实效性研究
94.当代视觉传达设计中的适老性问题研究
95.黑暗中颜色刺激作用的视觉传达分析研究
96.视觉传达设计的交互动画特效制作手法探析
97.学习类网页设计中视觉传达理论的应用研究
98.字体创意设计是加深视觉传达记忆的根蒂
99.对中国甲骨文文字符号视觉传达的属性研究
100.广告视觉传达设计艺术在信息网络时代的传播研究
101.中国禅道文化中的神、意、形、色在视觉传达设计中的应用研究
102.视觉传达设计中的多媒体艺术表现形式分析
103.公共艺术形态下的视觉传达设计研究
104.浅谈数字图像时代视觉传达设计的几个要素
105.浅析视觉传达设计的情感效应
106.如何做到视觉传达艺术设计的与时俱进
107.试论传播学在视觉传达设计中的应用
108.隐喻图形在视觉传达设计中的应用研究
109.视觉传达设计中视觉思维模式的创新
110.Motion Graphic在视觉传达中的应用研究
111.数字媒体时代视觉传达设计的特征与发展
112.当代视觉传达下汉字图形化设汁的形、意研究
113.网络媒体的视觉艺术传达设计研究
114.数字时代视觉传达设计的新思维探讨
115.中国传统元素在视觉传达设计中的应用
116.浅析视觉传达在室内设计中的应用
117.“新古琴双行谱”中的视觉传达设计
118.视觉传达图形创意在服装设计中的应用
119.从视觉传达的角度对新媒体时代地产广告的探究
120.分析创新设计理念在视觉传达艺术设计中的具体实施
121.视觉传达设计专业的基础课程改革探索
拓展：测绘工程论文题目
1、改善GIS数字底图的质量
2、教学实习在土地资源管理专业中的应用
3、数字化土地利用现状调查的数据采编
4、数字化地形测量的几个问题探讨
5、数字化地籍测量在城镇地籍调查中的应用探讨
6、数字化成图几种作业模式的分析比较
7、数字化测图与地籍信息系统研究
8、数字化测图在地籍补测中的两种应用技巧
9、数字化测图技术在郑州高新区房地产测量中的应用
10、数字化测图教学方法探讨
11、数字化测绘技术在地籍图测绘中的应用与建议
12、数字化测绘技术在地籍测量中的应用与实施
13、数字化测绘技术在地籍测量中的应用初探
14、数字化测绘技术在城镇地籍测量中的应用
15、数字化测绘技术在源影寺古砖塔测绘中的应用
16、数字图像边缘检测方法的探讨
17、数字土地利用现状图的制图概括
18、数字土地利用现状图的制图综合
19、数字地图系统设计
20、数字地形图测绘中的几个问题探析
21、数字地籍测绘实施中的技术问题
22、数字地籍测量中GPS控制网的建立
23、数字地籍测量主要误差来源探讨
24、数字地籍测量作业探讨
25、数字地籍测量应用分析
26、数字地籍测量控制网的建立及精度分析
27、数字地籍测量有关作业流程及精度控制的探讨
28、数字地籍测量精度的讨论及控制方法
29、数字平顶山空间数据基础设施建设的初步研究
30、数字摄影测量生产的质量控制
31、数字水准仪SPRINTERM的试验与评述
32、数字水准仪及其在机场跑道板块高程测量中的应用
33、数字水准仪及水准尺的'检定与精度分析
34、数字水准仪的测量算法概述
35、数字水准仪自动读数方法研究
36、数字水准仪观测模式及其应用实践
37、数字水准测量外业数据格式的转换与统一的实践
38、数字水果湖水下地形和淤泥厚度测量
39、数字测图中的坐标变换方法
40、数字测图中设站错误的内业改正
41、数字测图技术在罗营口水电站坝址地形测量中的应用
42、数字测绘产品的质量检查与质量控
43、数字综合法用于平坦地区地形图修测
44、数字高程模型与等高线质量相关性研究
45、数字高程模型及其数据结构
46、数字高程模型在农地整理排水渠道规划设计中的应用
47、数字高程模型地形描述精度的研究
48、数字高程模型的生产及更新
49、数字高程模型的裁剪与拼接技术
50、数学形态学在遥感图像处理中的应用
51、数据化测量在河道治理工程中的应用
52、数码相机可量测化的研制
53、斜拉桥变形观测方法及精度分析
54、斜距法在工程中的应用
55、断面测量内外业一体化系统研究
56、断高法在高等级公路测设中的应用
57、新州公路平面控制测量问题研究与施测
58、方位交会法在城区测量中的应用
59、方向交会法坐标计算之初探——待定点坐标的计算
60、方向后交最佳点位分析
61、施工测量中快速设站方法
62、无像控基础地理空间数据更新方法
63、无反射棱镜全站仪测距性能测试
64、无反射镜测距的目标特性研究
65、无定向导线环在城市地籍测量中的应用
66、无控制DEM表面差异探测研究
67、既有铁路航测数字化测图的特点与质量控制
68、时态地籍数据库设计与宗地历史查询的实现方法
69、明暗等高线自动绘制方法
70、智能全站仪ATR实测三维精度分析
71、智能全站仪快速测量处理系统
72、曲线拟合高程在公路测量中的应用研究
73、曲线放样中的坐标转换及转换精度分析
74、曲线矢量数据压缩算法实现及评析
75、最小二乘平差理论在制图自动综合中的应用
76、最小二乘法在土地复垦场平整中的应用
77、最小二乘法对多周期函数的周期筛选优化
78、有关地籍调查的几个问题探讨
79、有限条件下坐标转换矩阵的确定与精化
80、有非对称缓和曲线的曲线主点测设方法
81、服务城市化的测绘工程专业培养计划探讨
82、村庄地籍测量之初探
83、条码信号复原技术在数字水准仪中的应用
84、条码因瓦水准标尺校准方法的探讨
85、极坐标法测设平面位置的精度分析
86、构建城镇地籍管理系统的研究
87、栅格数据矢量化及其存在问题的解决
88、标准化大比例尺数字测图的实践与体会
89、树状河系自动绘制的结构化实现
90、根据三斜距确定点的三维坐标及精度
91、桥梁墩_台的沉降观测和沉降值的预测
92、模拟GPS控制网精度估算方法研究
93、模糊数学在土地利用更新调查质量评定中的应用探讨
94、模糊综合评判及其在测绘中的应用
95、气象因素对全站仪测量的影响
96、水下地形分析中空间数据存储与管理方法的研究
97、水下地形测量误差分析及对策
98、水下地形测量误差来源及处理方法探讨
99、水下地形测量高程异常点剔除方法研究
100、水位改正中虚拟验潮站的快速内插
你好,祝您早日答辩成功.向您推荐我去年的论文题目.论:"Photoshop"与新闻摄影几个论点就是1.PS的兴起与图片的真实性.2.PS在新闻摄影中的应用.3.和谐共处,锦上添花.希望能给楼主一些参考.
Physical distribution jobholders' professional accomplishment to modern enterprise physical distribution development influence Physical distribution jobholders' professional accomplishment to modern enterprise physical distribution development influence >> Chinese abstract: The modern enterprise physical distribution becomes the enterprise development gradually the important attribute, how to reduce the physical distribution cost, as well as the third party physical distribution management and the supply chain management and so on becomes the physical distribution development the new domain. Regardless of He Zhongxin the physical distribution management theory, is crystallizes by the human brain creates. What therefore we must discuss is about the physical distribution professional's professional accomplishment to the enterprise development whether to have the influence, as well as has had what kind of influence. How through enhances the physical distribution jobholders' professional accomplishment, the acceleration modern enterprise physical distribution development is this paper key point solves the problem. The high accomplishment's specialized physical distribution talented person is the enterprise physical distribution development premise, the good management level as well as the specialized physical distribution managerial experience cause the enterprise physical distribution even more rationalize and the standardization. key word: Enterprise physical distribution development professional accomplishment influence
Title: <
一楼的兄弟挺牛B的啊！佩服！！！
Market Research and Export Promotion Export Marketing Plan The marking plan is the basis on which all the overseas promotion is formulated. To devise the marketing plan involves reconciling the export strategies and objectives of the manufacturer into marketing terms.The marketing plan embraces many elements including market research project, promotion/advertising details, products involved and their quantity available, distribution arrangements and total volume/value of goods Where relevant, various costing information should be included, particularly the research and advertising budget. Overall; the plan must be realistic and should have a clear sense of purpose and direction Export Market Research Before making goods for a new overseas market, as in the home trade, it is necessary to discover first of all if the goods can be sold profitably in that market. To answer that question is one of the objects of market research. Export market research, in particular, is a study of a given market abroad to determine the needs of that market and the methods by which the products; can best be supplied. It may be carried out to determine: 1. If a new product likely to find a market. 2. Whether an established product is likely to meet with a good demand in a new market. 3.Why sales of a product have declined, either generally or in a certain area Here, in this chapter is laid on the first point: Market research is vital to success in overseas Markets To look for a suitable market an exporter must consider, for example: 1.Political and Economic Conditions Countries with different political and economic systems take different attitudes toward foreign trade business.Their policies and regulations concerning import and export，foreign exchange control，customs, duties and other tariffs will greatly affect the suitability for a new market. 2.Physical and Climatic Conditions The suitability of his products: heavy clothing is not worn in hot climates; mountaineering equipment would not be in demand in a flat country. 3. Social Conditions If there is a low standard．of living with poor wage levels, there nay be no market for television sets or cars or luxury products. It may be desirable, even necessary,for price lists and sales promotion literature to be translated into a local language,with local units of measurement 5 and of the survey questionnaire and in the interviewing process. Surveys may be very expensive, and they are time--consuming: Another key weakness is that respondents often cannot or will not give true answers. The interviewing in the survey may be done by the researcher in person, by telephone, or by mail. 1.Personal Interviews Personal interviews are more flexible than the other two types because interviews can alter the questions to fit-the situation as they see it: They are able to probe snore deeply if an answer is not satisfactory. Ordinarily, it is possible to obtain more information by personal interview .than by telephone: or mail. Also, the interview can by observation; obtain data regarding the respondents'socioeconomic status-their home ,neighborhood, and apparent standard of living. The major limitations of this method of interviewing are its relative high cost, the length of time needed to conduct the survey, and the chance of introducing ,errors during the interviewing. 2. Telephone Survey In a telephone survey, the respondent, is approached by telephone, and interview is completed at that time. Telephone surveys can usually be conducted more rapidly and at less cost than either personal or mail surveys. Tele: phone surveys are lees flexible than personal Interviews, but more flexible than mail survey. Another significant advantage is that a telephone. survey -may be timely. For instance, people may be asked whether they are watching television at the moment and; if so, the name of the program and the sponsor. One limitation of the telephone survey is that interviews must be short: Lengthy interviews cannot be conducted satisfactorily over the phone. 3.Interviewing by Mail Interviewing by mail involves mailing a questionnaire to potential respondents and having them return the completed form by mail. Mailed questionnaires ape more economical than personal interviews and are particularly useful in national surveys,Also, if the respondents remain anonymous, they are more likely to give true answers because they do not feel the need to impress the interviewer. A major problem with mail' questionnaires is the Compilation of a good mailing list, especially for a broad-scale survey. If the sample can be drawn from a limited list, such as property taxpayers in certain counties or subscribers to a magazine, the list presents no problem.Another significant limitation concerns the reliability of the questionnaire returns, Particularly when the returns are-anonymous. If the respondents have characteristics that 6 differentiate them from nonrespondents, the survey results will be invalid. Further,the questionnaire must be reasonably shorted the questions very simple; there is no to explain in a puzzling question. Ideally :Yes.'' or“No" or prechoice type of :produces the best results. Here is an example: Questionnaire for Market＿Research on Smoking A. Do you smoke cigarettes? Yes/No (If No,terminate) B How. many do you smoke a day? C. What size of cigarette do you smoke ? Mini ,Standard ,Large D. Do you smoke filter tips.? Yes/No E. Do you smoke menthol cigarettes?一Yes/No Observational Method In the observational method, the data are collected by observing some action of the respondent: No interviews are involved, although an interview may be used as a follow-up to-get additional information. For instance,if customers are observed buying beer in cans instead of bottles; they may be asked; why they prefer that one form of packaging to the other. Information may be gathered by personal or mechanical observation. In one form of personal observation the researcher poses as a customer in a store. This technique is useful in getting information about the caliber of the -sales people，or in determining what brands they push. Mechanical observation is illustrated by an electric cord stretched across a high way to count the number一of cars that pass during a certain time period The observation method has several merits. It can be highly accurate．Often it removes a11 doubt about what the customer does in: a given, situation. The consumers are unaware that they are being observed; so presumably they action theft usual fashion. The observation technique reduces interviewer bias. However, the possibility of bias is not- completely eliminated as long as people are used as :observers. Another disadvantage is that the technique is limited in its application. Observation tells what happened; but it cannot tell why. It cannot delve into motives, attitudes,or opinions. Experimental Method The experimental method of gathering primary data involves the establishment of a controlled experiment that stimulates the real market situation as much as possible. The theory is that' the small-scale experiment will furnish valuable information f tar designing a large scale marketing program. 7 The experimental method may be used in several different ways. In one instance, a firm may manufacture a few units of a product and give them to employees or consumers to try out: Probably the major application of the experimental method has been in market testing. This technique consist establishing a control market, in which all factors remain constant and one or more test markets,in which one factor is varied. A firm may be trying to determine whether to change the color of its package.In city A, the product is marketed in its traditional color. In each of cities B, C, and D, a different color is used. All other factor are kept constant. By measuring sales in the four market over a period of time;．the manufacturer, hopes to determine which color is most effective. The outstanding merit of the experimental method is it realism. It is the only one of the three methods of gathering primary data that stimulate an actual maket situation. The problem is that it is expensive.It requires long periods of careful planning and administration. Analyze the Data and Prepare a Report The final steps in market research project are to analyze the data and interpret the findings. Information gathered from market research is a guide to the invention，production and sales of the products for which there is a market. Today sophisticated electronic data processing equipment enables a researcher to tabulate and analyze masses of data quickly, and inexpensively. The end product of the investigation is the researcher's conclusion and recommendations, submitted, in written form on which the company's policy and proceedings concerning export promotion are based. Export Promotion-Advertising After deciding there are good prospects, for his goods abroad through the study of the market research investigation, the maker or the exporter will, of course; take measures to promote, exporting of the goods to that market. A most important measure in this respect is to advertise; the aid to trade that deals with the problem of giving information about the goods and 0helps to put buyers and sellers in touch with one another. By means of advertisements a supplier, tells people what goods he has for sale and emphasizes their good points in the hope that people will buy them. Advertising can, be undertaken by the company's sales or publicity department; or an advertising agcy is to be．engaged as an adviser. Purpose of Advertising 1.To Inform 8 Advertising can be used to place facts before public. An advertisement for a car may include some technical details, so that part of the advertisement is informative. Another advertisement may be .entirely informative,such as the announcement of the opening of a new shop.2 To Persuade although the advertisement for the car may give some facts, its over-all objective is to persuade people to buy the car. To do this various subtle methods may be used. The illustration, for instance; may give an exaggerated impression of the car's power The wording and the lay-out may be designed to appeal to the emotion rather than the mind: If you study some advertisement for practical products, you will find that they contain little or no technical information. One would not expect to find a .scientific analysis in an' advertisement for a cake of toilet soap, of course, but an examination of advertisement for. medicinal goods will show that the appeal is mainly to the emotions.3: To Remind Some advertisements aim merely to keep the name of :the product before the public. A newspaper advertisement may consist of only a picture of a packet of cigarettes; a bus may carry,the name of an insurance company; a poster may display a well-known advertising phrase. They say nothing but serve a useful. purpose in constantly reminding the public of, the, name of the product Advertising Media The term "media" means the forms used 'to carry advertisement. The choice of media depends upon the product and the audience the advertisement is aimed at For example, very few people are interested in coins. A coin dealer would want to appeal to that small number of people and to no one else. He would therefore advertise in a magazine which most coin enthusiasts read. The cost of advertising in newspapers large depends upon the circulation of each newspaper.If a newspaper sells a million copies, it is possible (although not probable) that a million people will read an advertisement in it. Some pages in a newspaper are more expensive to advertise in than are others, because most people will read the general news pages but only some will the pages devoted to sport, fashion, the arts; etc. Different一types of people read different newspapers, so an advertiser will use those papers whose readers are likely to be possible buyers of his products. For example, an art gallery would not advertise in a "popular" news paper because few of its readers would be likely to be visitors to art galleries. 2 Magazines The same principles about which media to use also apply to magazines. There are magazines which men read, those which women read and those which both read. Within each 9 group there is specialization, so that one magazine will be read by one "social group" and not by another. 3. Radio and Television These are the most、expensive of advertising media. A broadcast at a "peak time"will be heard or seen by millions of people: If only a tiny fraction of them respond, the huge cost twill have been justified. One reason for the success of such advertising is that it is difficult to ignore. A broadcast will be heard: or seen by everyone using a radio or television set; even if only subconsciously, it will make an impression. On the other hand, when you read a newspaper or a magazine you will not even notice most of the advertisements A radio or television advertisement must make an instant appeal. There may be only 30 seconds to get the message across; so its impacts must be immediate. 4 Outdoor Advertising This includes posters, advertisements on vans and buses and in trains. The message must be simple and short, perhaps with an immediately recognizable illustration. Selection of Customers-Credit information Once the overseas' market has been found, the next step is to look for suitable customers with whom the maker or exporter expects to establish good business relationships. Undoubtedly, he wishes to deal with those customers of high credit standing, and that is one of the chief factors to consider at the tune of setting up new business connections.The information about the credit or financial standing of an overseas trader can be obtained from various sources. They are chiefly banks, trade associations professional credit information services, and consulates abroad. Upon application for or on receipt of letters asking for the credit standing of the foreign trader in question these organizations are willing to provide, without any responsibility on their part,a credit or financial report on the trader, which is usually considered as private and confidential. The report is based on the relative references, files, and records they have kept or on the result of an investigation made accordingly. In view of the financial or credit status stated or recommended in the report alongside of other factors the maker .or manufacturer may freely consider the intended customer acceptable or not.