有关英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
1.1 Background of the Research 9
1.2 Significance of the Research 9-10
1.3 Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
2.1 Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
2.2 An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
2.3 An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
2.4 Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
2.5 Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
3.1 Subjects 19-20
3.2 Observed teaching tasks 20-21
3.3 Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
3.4 Research method 22-24
3.5 Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
4.1 Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
4.2 Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
4.3 Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
4.4 Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
5.1 Conclusions 51-53
5.2 Pedagogical Implications 53-54
5.3 Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
1.1 Research Questions 11
1.2 The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
1.3 Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
2.1 The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
2.2 The Content of teaching journal 17-20
2.3 Reflective level 20
2.4 The styles of teaching journal 20-24
3.Research Design 24-26
3.1 Purpose of Research 24
3.2 Subjects 24
3.3 Instruments 24-25
3.4 Procesures of research 25
3.5 Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
4.1 Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
4.2 The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
4.3 The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
5.1 Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
5.2 The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
6.1 Present findings 56
6.2 Limitations 56-57
6.3 Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
1.1 Research background 8
1.2 Significance of the study 8-10
1.3 Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
2.1 Language learning strategies 12-15
2.1.1 Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
2.1.2 Classification of learning strategies 13-14
2.1.3 Studies on learning strategies 14-15
2.2 Language learning styles 15-18
2.2.1 Definition of language learning style 15
2.2.2 Classification of language learning style 15-17
2.2.3 Studies on language learning style 17-18
2.3 Learning strategies training 18-19
2.4. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
3.1 Purposes 22
3.2 Hypotheses 22
3.3 Research participants 22-23
3.4 Instruments of the research 23-24
3.4.1 Questionnaire 23
3.4.2 Observation 23-24
3.5 Procedures 24-33
3.5.1 Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
3.5.2 Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
3.5.3 Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
4.1 Results of the questionnaire 33-43
4.1.1 The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
4.1.2 The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
4.2 Discussion 43-47
4.2.1 The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
4.2.2 The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
4.2.3 The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
5.1 Major findings 47-48
5.1.1 The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
5.1.2 The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
5.2 Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语论文提纲 范文
英语论文提纲怎样写呢?下面是我分享的英语论文提纲范文，欢迎大家阅读，也希望英语论文提纲范文能够帮助同学们顺利开展论文的撰写。
一、 title
from a new woman to a victim
二、 introduction
in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.
my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.
三、outline
1 introduction
1.1 a brief introduction of othello
1.2 a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman
2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim
2.1 a deion of women’s position in the 16th of england
2.2 the influence of patriarchy-centered culture
2.3 desdemona’s own weakness of her character
3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.
3.1 social problems on women
3.2 the reasons why women should be independent
3.3 the new meaning of “independence”
3.4 what women should do if they want to be independent
3.3.1 from spirit
3.3.2 from finance
四、conclusion
theory guidance
1 feminism
2 freudian psychology
翻译：
一、标题
从一个新女人到一个受害者
二、介绍
在中国，妇女的地位越来越高，但歧视和暴力都是一样的存在。有很多有经验的女性苔丝狄蒙娜一样。本研究的目的是告诉女性在这个现代社会中的独立性的重要性。
我注意的是首先针对介绍苔丝狄蒙娜和她的性格好点。这是因为她是一个新的女人在前两个行为。然后我就把注意力放在分析她的变化的原因。最后我指出，现代社会中女性应该学会从苔丝狄蒙娜和尝试独立。然而，独立并不意味着要站在她的丈夫或她的父亲，但它意味着在社会中找到自己的位置，并建立一个积极的人生观。女性不仅要从精神上独立，也要从财务上独立。
三、概述
1引言
1.1简要介绍奥赛罗
1.2特别介绍苔丝狄蒙娜作为新女性
2从一个新的女人变成一个受害者的原因
2.1描述一下女人的位置在英格兰第十六
2.2父权中心文化的影响
2.3苔丝狄蒙娜对她自己的性格弱点
3影响她对女性在现代社会中。
女性的3.1个社会问题
3.2女性应该独立的原因
3.3“独立”的新意义
3.4女性应该做什么，如果他们想独立
3.3.1从精神
3.3.2财务
四、结论
理论指导
1女性主义
2弗洛伊德心理学
知识扩展：英语毕业论文提纲怎么写?
I 英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程：
1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题;
2.根据论文题目写出总论点;
3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局;
论文的整体布局需要充分考虑总论点的叙述顺序，这是论文写作的整体框架。
4.确定论文的`整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点，直至确定论点句;
5.结合段落部署，把相关材料组合起来，以便写作过程中的随用随取;
6.进行全面的检查，对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减;
II英语毕业论文提纲的注意事项：
1.毕业论文提纲的编写方法：
1.1 标题式写法
用简洁的文字凝练出标题，并将这部分内容概括出来。这种写法的好处是简洁明了，一目了然，但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷，作者本人对此非常了解熟悉，但是外人乍看没有眉目，因此，在毕业论文的提纲写作中，很少使用这种方法。
1.2 句子式写法
就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括，这种写法更为具体，更为明确，自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂。因为毕业论文不是针对个人，因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用。
2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲
毕业论文提纲写好后，需要进行推敲和修改，修改的过程中需要注意以下几点：
2.1 题目是否合适;
题目是一篇文章的精华所在，其重要性不容忽视，不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍。
2.2 结构是否合理;
合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸，划分层次和段落，提高文章的逻辑性，检查过渡是否自然，然后进行全局性的把控。
2.3 层次是否完善;
提纲的层次必须完善，每个层次必须保证清晰，总论点应该重点突出，序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点，是需要集中精力写的一部分，因此，提纲应该罗列地详细一点，层层深入，体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。
英语论文提纲 格式
英语论文的论文提纲应该怎样编写呢?让我们看看建议以及论文的提纲范文吧!
Acknowledgements 4-5
Abstract 5
摘要 6-9
Chapter One Introduction 9-16
1.1 Introduction 9
1.2 Background of the Study 9-12
1.3 Purpose of the Study 12-13
1.4 Significance of the Research 13-14
1.5 Thesis Structure 14-16
Chapter Two Literature Review 16-25
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Theoretical Background of Communicative Language Teaching 16-19
2.2.1 Concept of Communicative Competence 16-17
2.2.2 Hymes'Idea on Communicative Competence 17-18
2.2.3 Canale and Swain's Theory 18-19
2.3 Overview of Communicative Language Teaching 19-22
2.3.1 Development of Communicative Language Teaching in China 19-20
2.3.2 Features of Communicative Language Teaching 20-22
2.4 Relationship between Language Testing and Language Teaching 22
2.5 Summary 22-25
Chapter Three Analysis of IELTS Speaking Test and Questionnaire 25-36
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Analysis of IELTS Speaking Test 25-28
3.2.1 Structure of IELTS Speaking Test 25-27
3.2.2 Communicative Approach Embodied in IELTS Speaking Test 27-28
3.3 The Questionnaire 28-34
3.3.1 Design 28-29
3.3.2 Participants 29-32
3.3.3 Methods 32
3.3.4 General Results 32-34
3.4 Summary 34-36
Chapter Four Findings and Discussion 36-54
4.1 Introduction 36
4.2 Chinese Candidates'Performance in IELTS Speaking Test 36-38
4.3 IELTS Candidates'Attitude towards Oral English Teaching 38-43
4.4 Explanations for the Situation 43-45
4.5 Implications for College Oral English Teaching 45-52
4.5.1 Teaching Goal 46-47
4.5.2 Teaching Content 47-48
4.5.3 Teaching Methods 48-51
4.5.4 Make Use of Modern Teaching Equipment 51
4.5.5 Establish an Extracurricular Supervision System 51-52
4.5.6 Improve Oral English Testing and Evaluation 52
4.6 Summary 52-54
Chapter Five Conclusion 54-57
5.1 Summary of the Findings 54-55
5.2 Limitations and Suggestion for Further Study 55-57
Appendix Questionnaire 57-58
Bibliography 58-62
首先英语论文提纲页应当包括论题句和提纲本身。
其次英语论文的格式规范是怎样的:
第一、要在第一行，也就是在与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm处，第一行的始端打上“Thesis”一词以及冒号,然后空一格后再打上论题句,接着回行时要注意左边要和论题句的第一个字母保持上下对齐，否则就会出问题(至少你也希望自己长得标致吧，那么那样不标致的论文你看得应该也不顺眼吧)。
第二、论文的主要纲目要用大写的.罗马数字标出，而次要纲目就要依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字以及小写英文字母标出。这里要注意的是各数字或者字母后面都要是一个句点,然后空出一格再打上这一项内容的第一个字母;对于处于同一等级的纲目,一定要注意它的上下行左边都必须保持对齐。另外，同等重要的纲目要在两个以上，也就是说有A应有B，有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ类似这样的。
最后，需要说明的是要是英文论文的提纲比较长的话，那就要用上两页纸，而且第二页应该在右上角用上小写罗马数字标出其页码来，即是ii，这里要注意的是那第一页就可以不用标页码了。
英语论文提纲 范文
英语论文提纲怎样写呢?下面是我分享的英语论文提纲范文，欢迎大家阅读，也希望英语论文提纲范文能够帮助同学们顺利开展论文的撰写。
一、 title
from a new woman to a victim
二、 introduction
in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.
my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.
三、outline
1 introduction
1.1 a brief introduction of othello
1.2 a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman
2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim
2.1 a deion of women’s position in the 16th of england
2.2 the influence of patriarchy-centered culture
2.3 desdemona’s own weakness of her character
3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.
3.1 social problems on women
3.2 the reasons why women should be independent
3.3 the new meaning of “independence”
3.4 what women should do if they want to be independent
3.3.1 from spirit
3.3.2 from finance
四、conclusion
theory guidance
1 feminism
2 freudian psychology
翻译：
一、标题
从一个新女人到一个受害者
二、介绍
在中国，妇女的地位越来越高，但歧视和暴力都是一样的存在。有很多有经验的女性苔丝狄蒙娜一样。本研究的目的是告诉女性在这个现代社会中的独立性的重要性。
我注意的是首先针对介绍苔丝狄蒙娜和她的性格好点。这是因为她是一个新的女人在前两个行为。然后我就把注意力放在分析她的变化的原因。最后我指出，现代社会中女性应该学会从苔丝狄蒙娜和尝试独立。然而，独立并不意味着要站在她的丈夫或她的父亲，但它意味着在社会中找到自己的位置，并建立一个积极的人生观。女性不仅要从精神上独立，也要从财务上独立。
三、概述
1引言
1.1简要介绍奥赛罗
1.2特别介绍苔丝狄蒙娜作为新女性
2从一个新的女人变成一个受害者的原因
2.1描述一下女人的位置在英格兰第十六
2.2父权中心文化的影响
2.3苔丝狄蒙娜对她自己的性格弱点
3影响她对女性在现代社会中。
女性的3.1个社会问题
3.2女性应该独立的原因
3.3“独立”的新意义
3.4女性应该做什么，如果他们想独立
3.3.1从精神
3.3.2财务
四、结论
理论指导
1女性主义
2弗洛伊德心理学
知识扩展：英语毕业论文提纲怎么写?
I 英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程：
1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题;
2.根据论文题目写出总论点;
3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局;
论文的整体布局需要充分考虑总论点的叙述顺序，这是论文写作的整体框架。
4.确定论文的`整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点，直至确定论点句;
5.结合段落部署，把相关材料组合起来，以便写作过程中的随用随取;
6.进行全面的检查，对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减;
II英语毕业论文提纲的注意事项：
1.毕业论文提纲的编写方法：
1.1 标题式写法
用简洁的文字凝练出标题，并将这部分内容概括出来。这种写法的好处是简洁明了，一目了然，但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷，作者本人对此非常了解熟悉，但是外人乍看没有眉目，因此，在毕业论文的提纲写作中，很少使用这种方法。
1.2 句子式写法
就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括，这种写法更为具体，更为明确，自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂。因为毕业论文不是针对个人，因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用。
2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲
毕业论文提纲写好后，需要进行推敲和修改，修改的过程中需要注意以下几点：
2.1 题目是否合适;
题目是一篇文章的精华所在，其重要性不容忽视，不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍。
2.2 结构是否合理;
合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸，划分层次和段落，提高文章的逻辑性，检查过渡是否自然，然后进行全局性的把控。
2.3 层次是否完善;
提纲的层次必须完善，每个层次必须保证清晰，总论点应该重点突出，序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点，是需要集中精力写的一部分，因此，提纲应该罗列地详细一点，层层深入，体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.2.1 Colours
2.2.2 Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Translation with Notes
3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
英语专业论文提纲范文
英语专业论文提纲怎么写呢?随着社会的发展，英语在人们生活中的比重逐渐加大，成为运用非常广泛的语言。下面是我分享的英语专业论文提纲的范文，欢迎阅读!
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-ChineseChinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的'交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词：习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......" Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.2.1 Colours
2.2.2 Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Translation with Notes
3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xian: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
[12] 孙致礼(Sun Zhili).《新编英汉翻译教程》. 上海：上海外语教学出版社, 2008
[13] 王宗炎(Wang Zongyan).《英汉语文问题面面观》. 北京：北京高等教育出版社, 2006
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
1.1 Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
1.2 Significance of the study 29-30
1.3 Organization of the study 30-31
1.4 A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
2.1 T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
2.1.1 Defining coherence 32-33
2.1.2 T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
2.2 T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
2.2.1 T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
2.2.2 T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
2.3 T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
2.4 The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
2.5 Training in T/TP 47-49
2.6 Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
3.1 Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
3.1.1 Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
3.1.2 Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
3.1.3 Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
3.2 Theme and thematic progression 55-70
3.2.1 Theme 56-62
3.2.2 Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
4.1 The participants and the educational context 70-73
4.1.1 Background of the participants and the participating school 70
4.1.2 The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
4.1.3 The sample sizes 71-72
4.1.4 The pilot study 72-73
4.2 The interventional procedures 73-74
4.3 The questionnaire 74-75
4.4 The training 75-80
4.4.1 Considerations behind the training 75-76
4.4.2 The training material 76-79
4.4.3 The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
4.5 Data analysis 80-86
4.5.1 Analysis of the writing 80-86
4.5.2 Analysis of the questionnaire 86
4.6 Ethical considerations 86-88
4.6.1 Informed consent 86-87
4.6.2 Anonymity 87
4.6.3 Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
5.1 Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
5.1.1 Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
5.1.2 Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
5.1.3 Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
5.1.4 Interpersonal Themes 100-102
5.2 Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
5.2.1 Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
5.2.2 Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
5.3 Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
6.1 Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
6.1.1 Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
6.1.2 Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
6.1.3 Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
6.1.4 Interpersonal Themes 126-129
6.2 Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
6.2.1 Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
6.2.2 Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
6.3 Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
7.1 Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
7.1.1 Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
7.1.2 Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
7.1.3 Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
7.1.4 Interpersonal Themes 145-147
7.2 Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
7.2.1 Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
7.2.2 Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
7.3 Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
8.1 Findings from closed questions 155-160
8.1.1 EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
8.1.2 EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
8.1.3 EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
8.1.4 EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
8.2 Findings from open questions 160-164
8.2.1 The changes that occurred 161-162
8.2.2 The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
8.2.3 The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
8.2.4 EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
8.3 Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
9.1 Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
9.1.1 Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
9.1.2 Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
9.1.3 Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
9.2 Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
9.2.1 T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
9.2.2 Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
9.3 Implications 190-194
9.3.1 Pedagogical implication 190-193
9.3.2 Methodological implication 193-194
9.4 Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
10.1 Summary 195-197
10.2 Putting everything together 197-199
10.3 Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
1.1 Motivation of the present study 7-8
1.2 Significance of this study 8
1.3 Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
2.1 Language production 10-14
2.1.1 L1 Production 10-11
2.1.2 L2 Production 11-12
2.1.3 Dimensions of language production 12-14
2.2 Theories on oral output 14-15
2.2.1 Skehan’s dual-model system 14
2.2.2 Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
2.3 Task Repetition 15-17
2.3.1 Task 15-16
2.3.2 Task repetition 16-17
2.4 Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
3.1 Research justification and questions 19
3.2 Hypothesis 19-20
3.3 Methods 20-25
3.3.1 Participants 20-21
3.3.2 Material 21
3.3.3 Research design 21-23
3.3.4 Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
4.1 Results and Analysis 25-34
4.1.1 Quantitative analysis 25-27
4.1.2 Qualitative analysis 27-34
4.2 Discussion 34-41
4.2.1 Fluency 34-36
4.2.2 Complexity 36-38
4.2.3 Accuracy 38-39
4.2.4 interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
5.1 Conclusion and implication 41-43
5.2 Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Significance of the Study
1.3 Research Goals and Questions
1.4 Data Collection and Methodology
1.5 Analysis Procedures
1.6 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction to Appraisal Theory
2.2 Studies on Appraisal Theory
2.2.1 Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
2.2.2 Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
2.3 Studies on Personal Statements
2.3.1 Introduction to Personal Statement
2.4 Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
3.1 An Overview of Attitude System
3.2 Affect Resources
3.3 Judgment Resources
3.3.1 Social Esteem
3.3.2 Social Sanction
3.4 Appreciation Resources
3.5 Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
3.6 Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
3.7 Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
英语专业毕业论文提纲范文 一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行，即英 语文 学，语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向，具体解释如下： 1.英 语文 学：选择英 语文 学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。 在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法的运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生的兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义，不能流于肤浅的分析。 文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的`阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。 比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的（如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别的（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》） 2.语言学：选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学。 普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）。 应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围的选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习的影响”等。 3.翻译学：翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下，对翻译活动的研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究（如“汉语成语的英译”）。应该注意的是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。 ;
英语专业的毕业论文提纲模板2017
英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板是怎样的呢?英语专业的毕业论文提纲的目的和意义是什么呢?下面是我分享的英语专业的毕业论文提纲的模板，欢迎阅读!
一、目的和意义
英语专业的毕业论文写作是完成本科教学计划、实现本科培养目标的重要阶段;是对学生的英语实践技能、英语语言知识、经贸英语知识以及其他相关学科知识、全面素质、研究与创新能力进行检验考核的重要手段;是学生学士学位资格认证的重要依据;是衡量、评估英语专业教学质量与水平的重要内容之一。
二、选题原则
毕业论文选题应从本专业培养目标的要求出发，结合学科发展的动态和研究现状，尽可能使其具有发展与创新的空间，从而有利于巩固和拓宽学生的知识面，有利于对学生进行科研能力基本训练以及独立工作能力的培养。
毕业论文属于研究性论文，讲求一定的学术性，但其要求与目的有别于刊于学术杂志的学术论文，因而为确保学生在教学计划规定的时间内，在教师指导下完成所要求的工作，选题应遵循如下基本原则：
1、选题须符合教学大纲的基本要求和人才培养的基本规格，须体现专业训练的基本内容，须与所学的专业知识相衔接。
2、选题须充分考虑学生的语言能力、知识构成和专业兴趣。
3、选题的类型应多种多样，力求有益于学生综合运用多学科的理论知识与技能，有利于培养学生独立工作的能力。
4、选题须考虑完成的工作量与所需的时间应符合教学计划的要求，内容既要有探索、钻研的余地，又要考虑完成的可能性。工作量原则上应控制在经过努力能够在规定的时间内完成规定任务的范围内，以保证教学任务的完成。
三、类型及基本要求
英语专业毕业论文依据学术性质和类型不同应符合如下要求：
1、语言及语言学研究类论文
就本科毕业论文而言，纯语言研究无论在理论知识的储备上，还是在语料的收集上都有很大难度，不宜提倡。此类论文可以在语言结构(语音、语法、词汇、语篇等)，语言运用(独特的语言现象、语言手段、语言变化等)，语言文化(文化对语言理解、使用和学习的影响等)，两种语言对比等领域进行应用性的研究。应用性研究的重点在于如何运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，做出有参考或应用价值的结论。
2、文学评论类论文
此类论文应建立在对所评述的对象，尤其是文学文本的正确理解、解读的基础上，通过具体、细致、深入的分析与研究提出令人信服的、言之成理的结论。论文的形式可以是作家论、文学思潮或流派论、断代文学史论、文学批评介绍等。文学评论可采用不同的方法进行，如社会历史学的、美学与诗学的，也可以是比较的、文化学的方法。无论哪一种方法，都要求学生运用唯物主义与历史唯物主义的学术思想，要求以中国读者的评论视角与立场，进行具有一定新意的'探讨。
3、翻译研究类论文
此类论文可以是纯理论的研究，或具体翻译技巧的研究，或翻译与文化的关系(或与其他学科的关系)的研究，也可以由学生对名家名译做对比性研究，另加对作品本身的评述，对某一翻译理论或技巧进行阐述。
4、语言教学研究类论文
此类研究属交叉学科的研究，涉及语言学、心理语言学、社会语言学、教育学及教学法等，是一个十分广泛的研究领域。其研究范围包括语言研究(教师语言及学习者语言研究)，教学方法与技巧研究，课堂教学管理策略研究，学生个体差异研究，影响教学效果的外部条件研究，教育技术的使用与开发研究，教材的分析与评估研究，测试与评估研究，素质教育与外语教学等。此类研究无论从选题，还是方法，或是研究的过程以及结论都应具有应用的意义和价值，突出对语言教学的指导意义和作用。
5、经贸方向研究类论文
此类论文可以是经济、金融、财会、国际贸易、贸易法规、现代管理学等相关领域的纯理论或实证性研究，可结合所学相关经贸及管理类课程，运用现有的知识提出、分析、论证或解决在实践中出现的各种新问题，作出有参考或应用价值的结论。
四、任务及深度要求
毕业论文的主要内容包括：选题、开题报告、论文提纲、论文撰写、论文答辩等，其具体要求遵照《南京工程学院外语系毕业论文实施方法(试行)》相关规定;论文工作与所学专业知识相关，工作量饱满，满足学生一人一题的要求。论文用英文撰写，具有一定的创新性和应用性，正文篇幅在5，000词以上，参考文献8篇(种)以上。指导教师与学生定期见面，并填写《毕业论文指导记录》。
五、考核办法
毕业论文考核及成绩评定由三部分组成：
1、根据毕业论文撰写过程中学生分析、解决问题能力的表现，论文观点的新颖性，论文结构的合理性，论文论证的逻辑性，英语表达的正确性和地道性，以及学生的工作态度，指导教师给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
2、根据毕业论文的指导思想与方案制订的科学性，论文论据的充分性，论文的创见与突破性，论文的结构、文字表达情况，评阅老师给予满分为20分的成绩评定。
3、根据学生本人对论文工作的总体介绍，毕业论文的质量，答辩中回答问题的正确程度，英语语音、语调的规范性和流畅性，答辩小组给予满分为40分的成绩评定。
六、毕业论文时间分配
序号 内 容 时间(周)
1 完成开题报告及相关参考文献的选定工作 4
2 完成论文初稿的撰写 5
3 完成论文二稿的撰写 2
4 完成论文三稿的撰写并定稿 2
5 毕业论文答辩 1
合 计 14
七、其它说明
外语系毕业论文实行“末位淘汰制”，即综合评定成绩倒数1-3名的学生论文将被判定为不合格，学生无权获得学士学位。
contents
introduction………………………………………………………………1
1.the common historical background……………………………………1
1.1 international………………………………………………………1
1.2 national…………………………………………………………1
2.the common beliefs of beats and rockers……………………………2
2.1 rebellion against conventions……………………………………2
2.1.1 beats in literature………………………………………………2
2.1.2 rockers in music circles………………………………………3
2.2 ideologies in between……………………………………………4
2.2.1 beatniks were fed up with their government about
the explanations of why things happened……………………4
2.2.2 their same destiny……………………………………………4
2.2.3 beat culture and rock culture were not accepted by
both capitalist and socialist ideologies………………………5
2.3 belief in oriental religion…………………………………………5
2.3.1 beatniks study on chinese buddhism…………………………6
2.3.2 rockers belief in indian buddhism……………………………6
3.their identical lifestyles………………………………………………6
3.1 bohemian…………………………………………………………7
3.1.1 beats…………………………………………………………7
3.1.2 rockers………………………………………………………7
3.2 madness…………………………………………………………8
3.2.1 the beats regarded modern american life as cruel, selfish,
and impersonal that writers and artists were being driven
to madness……………………………………………………8
3.2.2 rockers were mad enough to drive rockniks crazy on
rock circus spot………………………………………………9
3.3 self-indulgent……………………………………………………9
3.3.1 drugs…………………………………………………………9
3.3.2 homosexual…………………………………………………10
4. the same conduct……………………………………………………10
4.1 beats of satan and angles………………………………………10
4.2 rockers' conduct of the two sides………………………………11
conclusion………………………………………………………………13
Why should we write the thesis?
To write a thesis before graduation is a must for every university graduate.
By writing a thesis, we may get some experience and some basic methods for further theoretical study and research and the ability to solve problems.
It is the reflection of a student’s study in college.
Whether a student has such an ability to write a thesis or to solve problems in his/her field is one basis for a unit to accept him/her or not.
How long should we prepare for writing a thesis?One year or so
What do we need when we write a thesis?
Firstly, for English major, most important of all, it is English knowledge and ability that based on your language skills, especially writing skill and grammar knowledge.
Secondly, the way of writing is also important.
A good title, some good ideas to support thesis statement, right language and standard format are what we need.
The language style is something that we should pay much attention to, for example:
Wording: we prefer big word to small one;
Sentence: Long sentences are quite expectable.
How do we write a thesis? How many steps should we follow?
Generally speaking, when we write a thesis, we follow 10 steps:
1. Choose a subject: that is, what you are going to write about. For English major, we may apply:
2. Choose a title/Title a paper;
3. Collect materials for reference in writing;
4. Analyze the collected materials;
5. Sort out the data and arguments;
6. List references;
7. Make up an outline;
8. 1—3 drafts;
9. Proofread;
10. The last version.
What subjects may we choose to write?
English and American Literature
The Practice and Theory of Translation
English Language
English Linguistics
English Grammar
English Phonetics
English Lexicology
English Rhetoric
Language and Culture
ELT Methodology
Teaching English in Middle School
English Teaching Research and Survey
The History of… (All mentioned above)
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.2.1 Colours
2.2.2 Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Translation with Notes
3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
英语论文提纲 范文
英语论文提纲怎样写呢?下面是我分享的英语论文提纲范文，欢迎大家阅读，也希望英语论文提纲范文能够帮助同学们顺利开展论文的撰写。
一、 title
from a new woman to a victim
二、 introduction
in china, the position of women becomes higher and higher, but discrimination and violence are existed all the same. there are a lot of women who have the same experience with desdemona. the intention of this study is to tell the importance of women’s independence in this modern society.
my attention was first directed to introduce desdemona and the good points of her character. this is because she is a new woman in the first two acts. then i put much attention on analyzing the reasons of her change. last i pointed out that women in modern society should learn from desdemona and try to be independent. however , the independence is not mean to stand against her husband or her father, but it means to find her own position in the society and establish a positive outlook on life. women should be independent not only from spirit, but also from finance.
三、outline
1 introduction
1.1 a brief introduction of othello
1.2 a particular introduction of desdemona as a new woman
2 the reasons of turning from a new woman to a victim
2.1 a deion of women’s position in the 16th of england
2.2 the influence of patriarchy-centered culture
2.3 desdemona’s own weakness of her character
3 the impact of desdemona on women in modern society.
3.1 social problems on women
3.2 the reasons why women should be independent
3.3 the new meaning of “independence”
3.4 what women should do if they want to be independent
3.3.1 from spirit
3.3.2 from finance
四、conclusion
theory guidance
1 feminism
2 freudian psychology
翻译：
一、标题
从一个新女人到一个受害者
二、介绍
在中国，妇女的地位越来越高，但歧视和暴力都是一样的存在。有很多有经验的女性苔丝狄蒙娜一样。本研究的目的是告诉女性在这个现代社会中的独立性的重要性。
我注意的是首先针对介绍苔丝狄蒙娜和她的性格好点。这是因为她是一个新的女人在前两个行为。然后我就把注意力放在分析她的变化的原因。最后我指出，现代社会中女性应该学会从苔丝狄蒙娜和尝试独立。然而，独立并不意味着要站在她的丈夫或她的父亲，但它意味着在社会中找到自己的位置，并建立一个积极的人生观。女性不仅要从精神上独立，也要从财务上独立。
三、概述
1引言
1.1简要介绍奥赛罗
1.2特别介绍苔丝狄蒙娜作为新女性
2从一个新的女人变成一个受害者的原因
2.1描述一下女人的位置在英格兰第十六
2.2父权中心文化的影响
2.3苔丝狄蒙娜对她自己的性格弱点
3影响她对女性在现代社会中。
女性的3.1个社会问题
3.2女性应该独立的原因
3.3“独立”的新意义
3.4女性应该做什么，如果他们想独立
3.3.1从精神
3.3.2财务
四、结论
理论指导
1女性主义
2弗洛伊德心理学
知识扩展：英语毕业论文提纲怎么写?
I 英语毕业论文提纲的写作流程：
1.提纲写作需要先拟定论文标题;
2.根据论文题目写出总论点;
3.结合总论点考虑全篇的整体布局;
论文的整体布局需要充分考虑总论点的叙述顺序，这是论文写作的整体框架。
4.确定论文的`整体布局后再逐步考虑总论点下面的分论点，直至确定论点句;
5.结合段落部署，把相关材料组合起来，以便写作过程中的随用随取;
6.进行全面的检查，对于不必要的内容进行不必要的删减;
II英语毕业论文提纲的注意事项：
1.毕业论文提纲的编写方法：
1.1 标题式写法
用简洁的文字凝练出标题，并将这部分内容概括出来。这种写法的好处是简洁明了，一目了然，但是这种方法存在一定的缺陷，作者本人对此非常了解熟悉，但是外人乍看没有眉目，因此，在毕业论文的提纲写作中，很少使用这种方法。
1.2 句子式写法
就是用表述完整通畅的句子将所要描述出来的内容进行概括，这种写法更为具体，更为明确，自己了解的同时也能让外人看得懂。因为毕业论文不是针对个人，因此在毕业论文提纲的写作中得到广泛应用。
2.毕业论文提供的修改推敲
毕业论文提纲写好后，需要进行推敲和修改，修改的过程中需要注意以下几点：
2.1 题目是否合适;
题目是一篇文章的精华所在，其重要性不容忽视，不合适的论文题目会对接下来的论文写作带来阻碍。
2.2 结构是否合理;
合理的结构需要点明主题的基础上围绕主题进行拓展延伸，划分层次和段落，提高文章的逻辑性，检查过渡是否自然，然后进行全局性的把控。
2.3 层次是否完善;
提纲的层次必须完善，每个层次必须保证清晰，总论点应该重点突出，序论和结论部分应该简明扼要。本论是全文的重点，是需要集中精力写的一部分，因此，提纲应该罗列地详细一点，层层深入，体现总论和分论的巧妙融合。