楼上的看作者名字就知道不是外国人写的吧？=.=这个网址有超多资料的，有每一章节的分析、人物分析、故事总结等，绝对实用，以前我考试的时候用过。这个网址主要是分析《呼啸山庄》的中心思想和艺术元素，很有用，以前我考试的时候常常用。这个只是一篇相关的文章，随便在网上找的，看了一下，感觉还行，你也可以参考一下。
'Thrushcross Grange is my own, sir,' he interrupted, wincing. 'I should not allow any one to inconvenience me, if I could hinder it - walk in!' The 'walk in' was uttered with closed teeth, and expressed the sentiment, 'Go to the Deuce:' even the gate over which he leant manifested no sympathising movement to the words; and I think that circumstance determined me to accept the invitation: I felt interested in a man who seemed more exaggeratedly reserved than myself. When he saw my horse's breast fairly pushing the barrier, he did put out his hand to unchain it, and then sullenly preceded me up the causeway, calling, as we entered the court, - 'Joseph, take Mr. Lockwood's horse; and bring up some wine.' 'Here we have the whole establishment of domestics, I suppose,' was the reflection suggested by this compound order. 'No wonder the grass grows up between the flags, and cattle are the only hedge- cutters.'
《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights），英国女作家艾蜜莉·勃朗特（Emily Brontë）的小说，也是她唯一的一部小说，于1847年首度出版。当时因为内容对人性丑恶的描写而遭致非议，被称为是一本“可怕而野蛮”的书，书中写尽了寂寥的荒野、偏僻的古堡、粗暴的爱情，气氛阴霾而深刻，于时人所不容。但是随着时间的推移，这部小说逐渐的被主流社会所认同，并且被认为是勃朗特姐妹所有的作品中最为出色的一部。艾米丽独特的气质，对世界的感悟，对荒原的依恋和描写，给这部小说增添了独特的审美意味，这是这部小说明显不同于维多利亚时代其他小说的原因。其中也继承了象征、恐怖和神秘等哥特小说手法。 Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontë's only novel. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, and a posthumous second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte. The name of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors on which the story centers (as an adjective, Wuthering is a Yorkshire word referring to turbulent weather). The narrative tells the tale of the all-encompassing and passionate, yet thwarted, love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and many around them. Now considered a classic of English literature, Wuthering Heights met with mixed reviews by critics when it first appeared, mainly because of the narrative's stark depiction of mental and physical cruelty. Though Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre was originally considered the best of the Brontë sisters' works, many subsequent critics of Wuthering Heights argued that its originality and achievement made it superior. Wuthering Heights has also given rise to many adaptations and inspired works, including films, radio, television dramatisations, a musical by Bernard J. Taylor and songs (notably the hit "Wuthering Heights" by Kate Bush), ballet and opera.
Wuthering Heights as a Religious NovelWuthering Heights is not a religious novel in the sense that it supports a particular religion (Christianity), or a particular branch of Christianity (Protestantism), a particular Protestant denomination (Church of England). Rather, religion in this novel takes the form of the awareness of or conviction of the existence of a overwhelming sense of the presence of a larger reality moved Rudolph Otto to call Wuthering Heights a supreme example of "the daemonic" in literature. Otto was concerned with identifying the non-rational mystery behind all religion and all religious experiences; he called this basic element or mystery the numinous. The numinous grips or stirs the mind so powerfully that one of the responses it produces is numinous dread, which consists of awe or awe-fullness. Numinous dread implies three qualities of the numinous: its absolute unapproachability, its power, and. its urgency or energy. A misunderstanding of these qualities and of numinous dread by primitive people gives rise to daemonic dread, which Otto identifies as the first stage in religious development. At the same time that they feel dread, they are drawn by the fascinating power of the numinous. Otto explains, "The daemonic-divine object may appear to the mind an object of horror and dread, but at the same time it is no less something that allures with a potent charm, and the creature, who trembles before it, utterly cowed and cast down, has always at the same time the impulse to turn to it, nay even to make it somehow his own." Still, acknowledgment of the "daemonic" is a genuine religious experience, and from it arise the gods and demons of later religions. It has been suggested that Gothic fiction originated primarily as a quest for numinous dread. For Derek Traversi the motive force of Brontë's novel is "a thirst for religious experience," which is not Christian. It is this spirit which moves Catherine to exclaim, "surely you and everybody have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation if I were entirely contained here? (Ch. ix, p. 64). Out of Catherine's–and Brontë's–awareness of the finiteness of human nature comes the yearning for a higher reality, permanent, infinite, eternal; a higher reality which would enable the self to become whole and complete and would also replace the feeling of the emptiness of this world with feelings of the fullness of being (fullness of being is a phrase used by and about mystics to describe the aftermath of a direct experience of God). Brontë's religious inspiration turns a discussion of the best way to spend an idle summer's day into a dispute about the nature of heaven. Brontë's religious view encompasses both Cathy's and Linton's views of heaven and of life, for she sees a world of contending forces which are contained within her own nature. She seeks to unite them in this novel, though, Traversi admits, the emphasis on passion and death tends to overshadow the drive for unity. Even Heathcliff's approaching death, when he cries out "My soul's bliss kills my body, but does not satisfy itself" (Ch. xxxiv, p. 254), has a religious John Winnifrith also sees religious meaning in the novel: salvation is won by suffering, as an analysis of references to heaven and hell reveals. For Heathcliff, the loss of Catherine is literally hell; there is no metaphoric meaning in his claim "existence after losing her would be hell" (Ch. xiv, p. 117). In their last interview, Catherine and Heathcliff both suffer agonies at the prospect of separation, she to suffer "the same distress underground" and he to "writhe in the torments of hell" (XV, p. 124). Heathcliff is tortured by his obsession for the dead/absent Catherine. Suffering through an earthly hell leads Healthcliff finally to his heaven, which is union with Catherine as a spirit. The views of Nelly and Joseph about heaven and hell are conventional and do not represent Brontë's views, according to has endured hell. Indeed, most of this novel becomes a test of what she can endure. Helen Burns and Miss Temple teach Jane the British stiff upper lip and saintly patience. Then Jane, star pupil that she is, exemplifies the stoicism, while surviving indignity upon indignity. Jane’s soul hunkers down deep inside her body and waits for the shelling to stop. Only at Moor’s End, where she teaches and grows, does her soul come out. She stops enduring and begins living. Jane begins to become an “I” in her 19th year. In the sentence, “Reader, I married him.” Jane makes clear who is in charge of her life and her marriage; she is. That “I” stands resolutely as the subject of the sentence commanding the verb and attaching itself to the object, “him.” She is no longer passive, waiting and sitting for Rochester’s attention. Rather, she goes out and gets him. She has gone a long way from the beginning of the novel. At Gateshead, Jane tries to direct her life. Her little “I” scolds Mrs. Reed and chastises John. Like the later Jane, she knows her mind and speaks it. Unlike the later Jane, however, she does not have the wherewithal to back up her soul. She does not have the physical strength, the mental skills, nor the finances to stand on her own. As a result, she can be thrown into the Red Room to repent her sins and can be cast into Lowood. At Lowood, her pernicious saints, Helen Burns and Miss Temple, suppress the young ego under a blanket of will, religion, and self-sacrifice. Helen teaches Jane to blame herself for everything and blame others for nothing. Helen suffers depredation upon humiliation in the name of dirty fingernails and disorganized socks, all the while chanting “Thank you sir, may I have another.” Jane internalizes this, so that she blames herself for Rochester’s faults and error and even forgives the unforgivable, Mrs. Reed. For her part, Miss Temple teaches Jane to be subversive, but charming. Rebellion is seed cake and a smile. Rebellion is not keeping the students from the ten-mile forced march to church. Jane follows these dictates as well, manipulating Rochester for scraps and sops. With one withering blast, Rochester dynamites these two icons into sanctimonious rubble and sends Jane back out into the elements. Her soul, long buried or locked away in the attic, bursts forth and sends Jane for the escape pods. Out in the moors, sucking on dirt, Jane chooses to live on and rebuilds herself. First with the help of her cousins, then with the arrogantly humble Rivers St. John, Jane rediscovers who she is and discards who she isn’t. Ironically, her final self-definition comes from Rivers when he proposes. Helen Burns and Miss Temple would have knelt at the chance, but Jane lets the cup pass by. In her rejection, she sweeps the debris away and stands by herself. So, when she returns to Thornfield, she comes with her own money and her own identity. Reduced or not, Rochester can only stand with Jane, not tower over her. She comes with a skill, cash, and self-knowledge. And under her own power, she submits herself to Rochester. She allows herself to be called Janet and to refer to him as “sir.” She willingly and momentarily drops her head. But not for long. In the ultimate chapter, Jane directly addresses her “Reader.” The final chapter takes place a year or two post-fire, as the mature Jane looks back on her life. By the act of writing, Jane has defined herself and stepped away from the saint-in-training. By writing the truth, in all of its ugliness, she separates herself from the persona. The Jane in the first 38 chapters is not the final Jane that addresses the reader. That Jane has had a child, has married a man, and has made a spot in the world. The great triumph of that line comes not from the man that she has married, but from the rediscovery and reaffirmation of the voice that once told off Mrs. Reed. The girl lost her voice at Lowood has become the woman who can tell us the story. The novel itself is Jane’s final "I."
它狂放不羁的浪漫主义风格源自于人物“爱”与“恨”的极端的冲突，而在希克厉和凯瑟琳这对旷世情侣身上，极度的爱中混合着极度的恨，失去凯瑟琳使希克厉成为一个复仇狂。加之，作者把故事背景放置在一个封闭的小社会——两个山庄，和开放的大自然——荒原之中，整个小说的情境就格外地“戏剧化”，阴冷而暴力，神秘怪烈又隐含着神圣的温情。 其次，女作家放弃了那种从头说起，原原本本的叙事手法，19世纪的女作家，像她姐姐写《简·爱》，奥斯丁写《傲慢与偏见》，都采用的是这样一种易于为大众接受的传统手法，艾米莉则为了讲清楚发生在两代人身上的复杂故事，别出心裁地采用了当时少见的“戏剧性结构”，借用了一位闯入呼啸山庄的陌生人洛克乌先生之耳目从故事的中间切入，这时候，女主人公凯瑟琳已死去，希克厉正处于极度暴虐地惩罚两家族的第二代的时候，这就设置了一个巨大的悬念，使读者急于追索事情的前因，又时时关注着人物未来的命运。当然，对于当时读惯古典小说的人们来说，接受这种叙事系统是有些吃力的，以致于有人指责此书“七拼八凑，不成体统”。 《呼啸山庄》深层次的主题是什么： 现在，多数人认为是对于人性的探索，洛克乌先生到来时所做的恶梦可谓是开启故事主题的钥匙，那是人性的冻结，之后30年旧事的倒叙正说明人性的堕落的过程，而最后四章，则顺叙了人性的复苏，希克厉终于悟到了无止境的报复只会带来糟糕的结局。小说基本上在讲叙恶的过程中最终发现了善的可能。 在当时的文坛，艾米莉远远地走于人们之前： 直至那个世纪结束后，才有人一反前说，认为“在19世纪，《呼啸山庄 》是一位女作家所能写出的最好的散文诗”；不仅如此，在本世纪，人们重新阅读与评价勃朗特三姐妹的文学作品时，开始提出：艾米莉·勃朗特是“三姐妹中最伟大的天才”，《呼啸山庄》也成为西方学者们欲琢磨个究竟的一块玉石，笼罩在它身上的百思不得其解的谜面背后那丰富的答案将渐渐被解释开来，毕竟，它是部可读性很强的天才之作，而非是云雾团里的“天书”。 这部小说的独特之处： 首先在于它揭示了人性的复杂与深刻，在于它所蕴含的爱与恨的激情。凯瑟琳与希思克利夫的爱情是以他们的性格和兴趣完全认为同为基础的，他们之间的爱情主要是精神上一致而非外貌上的相互吸引，是心灵的契合而非欲望上的需要，就在他们最后一次见面中那狂风暴雨般不可遏制的激情，也不夹杂有丝毫的情欲成份，这也寄托了作家对理想的、纯洁的爱情的向往。 一本书看久了，感觉和感悟也就淡了： 我不欣赏书中的情与恨相互交织，如果爱过，就不要有恨，如果有恨就没有真正的爱过。人是有情感的动物，只有有情感的人才是真正的至真至情至诚中人，才会更显得可爱，但这种狂热到将爱变成了恨，我不赞同，幸好最后希思克利夫终于没有了恨，也让小凯瑟琳和哈里顿这对有情人能够走到一起，也说明真情能感动所有的人。 结合我自己的感情经历来说，我对爱最大的体会却是宽容，如果真正的爱，那么没有得到又有何访呢？只要他（她）是幸福的，只要他（她）曾经也真心地爱过自己，留下美好的记忆，彼此祝福，在无人的夜晚能静静的想想彼此，这就够了。 读一本名著，真的是一件很累很享受的事，当我被其中的人物感情所打动时，我会流泪，更会得到启发。 附：故事简介 《呼啸山庄》讲的是一个爱情与复仇的故事，弃儿希思克利夫在利物浦的大街上被好心的恩肖先生捡起，抱回家收养，与恩肖的儿子辛德雷和女儿凯瑟琳在一起生活，辛德雷讨厌希思克利夫，而他的妹妹却喜欢希思克利夫，恩肖死后，辛德雷成了一家之主，把希思克利夫当仆人和佃农对待，剥夺了他受教育的权利，半百般侮辱，虐待他。与此同时，凯瑟琳和希思克利夫由于性格和爱好上的一致而成为最好的朋友并产生了朦胧的爱情。邻近的富绅之子林顿向凯瑟琳求爱，频繁登门拜访，凯瑟琳对他表示了好感并决定嫁给他，希思克利夫愤而出走。三年后凯瑟琳嫁给了林顿。希思克利夫也发财回来，同时实施报复。辛德雷因丧妻而染上了酗酒和同赌博的恶习，希思克利夫引诱他进一步堕落，轻而易举地占有了他的全部家产，并将他的儿子教唆成一个文盲和无赖。希思克利夫利用欺手段娶了林顿的妹妹伊莎贝拉为妻，婚后百般虐待她。凯瑟琳在病疼中生下女儿小凯瑟琳后去世，伊莎贝拉在认清希思克利夫的真面目后也离他而去，并生下了儿子小林顿。后来，伊莎贝拉列死去，儿子被希思克利夫夺回到自己手中，并诱使他与小凯瑟琳相爱。在林顿病重之时，他设计劫持了小凯瑟琳，强迫她与自己的儿子小林顿成亲，吞并了林顿的全部家产，完成了他的复仇计划。小林顿不久死去，小凯瑟琳与辛德雷的儿子哈里顿产生了爱情。与此同时，希思克利夫被凯瑟琳的鬼魂缠绕得坐卧不宁，不思饮食睡眠，他从哈里顿与小凯瑟琳的眼睛里看到了凯瑟琳的那双眼睛不愿再阻挠他们的爱情，在抑郁和精神错乱中死去。
索尼论文网上关于呼啸山庄的论文题目呼啸山庄中的爱与仇呼啸山庄中Heathcliff 性格分析开题报告文献综述论文参考资料 英文论文呼啸山庄环境分析 开题报告文献综述论文参考资料 英文论文论呼啸山庄中卡瑟琳的婚姻论《呼啸山庄》的哥特式风格
把《呼啸山庄》的人物分成几组。。。分析他们的性格差异。。以及代际的继承问题。。还可以写一下书里反映的宗教观
1 曹召伦,李晓明;医学心理学的新发展[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2002年04期 2 邹颉;;复仇者的同与异:希思克利夫和仇虎——《呼啸山庄》和《原野》中男主人公之比较[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2006年06期 3 王喆;;《呼啸山庄》中窗意象的文化解读[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2008年06期 4 张舒予;论伍尔夫与勃朗特的心灵与创作之关联[J];安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2003年03期 5 刘俊;;爱与恨的复合体——浅析希克厉这一人物形象[J];安徽文学(下半月);2006年09期 6 叶琴;刘爱花;;从阿德勒的人格理论谈心理健康与治疗[J];安徽文学(下半月);2006年09期 7 王华颖;;回归家庭——女性悲哀和幸福的双重所在——对《简爱》结局的新解读[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年01期 8 肖晶;;心理学视角下的凯瑟琳·恩肖形象再议[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年02期 9 唐正;;试分析艾米莉在《呼啸山庄》中的个性体现[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年06期 10 唐正;;试分析《简·爱》中独特的女性主义声音[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年07期
1、主题说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂．外出致富。回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。2、写作背景艾米丽生性寂寞，自小内向的她，缄默又总带着几分以男性自居的感觉，诚如夏洛蒂所说的：“她的性格是独一无二的。”少女时代，当她和姐妹们在家里“编造”故事、写诗的时候，她就显得很特别，后来收录在她们诗歌合集中艾米丽的作品总是如同波德莱尔或爱伦·坡那样被“恶”这一主题所困惑，在纯净的抒情风格之间总笼罩着一层死亡的阴影。在她写作《呼啸山庄》时，这种困惑与不安的情绪变得更加急躁，她迫切需要创造一个虚构的世界来演绎它，把自己心底几近撕裂的痛苦借小说人物之口淋漓尽致地发泄出来。因此《呼啸山庄》是饱含作者心血与情感的作品。3、作者简介艾米莉·简·勃朗特（Emily Jane Bronte，1818年7月30日－1848年12月19日），19世纪英国作家与诗人，著名的勃朗特三姐妹之一，世界文学名著《呼啸山庄》的作者。这部作品是艾米莉·勃朗特一生中唯一的一部小说，奠定了她在英国文学史以及世界文学史上的地位。此外，她还创作了193首诗，被认为是英国一位天才型的女作家。
讲的是高与低的不等于。
有爱引发的悲剧，人类浑浊思想的罪孽！
如果你们老师不是刻意为难的话，只会问一些基本的问题，比如说：为什么会选择这个作为论文题目；这个作者一共有多少作品，因为艾米莉·勃朗特是女作家而且家中姐妹也都有过好的作品，所以可能会问及她是否有姐妹，叫什么，有什么作品； 然后会关于《呼啸山庄》本身所反映的问题，所隐射的社会问题，你对此的感想；剩下的回到论文本身，对你论文的那个part或者是句子进行提问...差不多就这些。
1 曹召伦,李晓明;医学心理学的新发展[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2002年04期 2 邹颉;;复仇者的同与异:希思克利夫和仇虎——《呼啸山庄》和《原野》中男主人公之比较[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2006年06期 3 王喆;;《呼啸山庄》中窗意象的文化解读[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2008年06期 4 张舒予;论伍尔夫与勃朗特的心灵与创作之关联[J];安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2003年03期 5 刘俊;;爱与恨的复合体——浅析希克厉这一人物形象[J];安徽文学(下半月);2006年09期 6 叶琴;刘爱花;;从阿德勒的人格理论谈心理健康与治疗[J];安徽文学(下半月);2006年09期 7 王华颖;;回归家庭——女性悲哀和幸福的双重所在——对《简爱》结局的新解读[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年01期 8 肖晶;;心理学视角下的凯瑟琳·恩肖形象再议[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年02期 9 唐正;;试分析艾米莉在《呼啸山庄》中的个性体现[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年06期 10 唐正;;试分析《简·爱》中独特的女性主义声音[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年07期
开题报告是我们在完成文献调研后写成的关于学位论文选题与如何实施的论述性报告。下文是我为大家整理的关于商务英语毕业论文的开题报告的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!
以英语广告语为例
一、 课题背景
当今广告已成为我们生活不可或缺的一部分。我们对于中文广告词或许很了解，但用英文说出广告词却有些难度，同样让你看着英文广告词说中文广告词也是有难度的。本文针对这些问题，从词汇、句法、修辞三方面介绍了广告英语的语言特点，使读者对英语广告的中文含义有更好的、更深的了解;并通过实例分析介绍了广告英语翻译的方法和策略，使读者在了解广告词的同时，能够自己翻译广告词的意思。
二、 毕业设计方案或毕业论文研究方案
本文以英语广告语为对象，从而总结出广告语的创新与否对人们的影响以及广告的重要性。在这个研究目标的指向下，本文采取了理论与文本分析相结合的方法，在进行文献分析总结代写硕士论文前人研究经验的基础上，对各类创意广告语的使用技巧进行详细的文本分析。
目前我已收集了大量的相关信息，以及查阅了很多关于广告英语的资料，所以论文的大致思路已定，提纲如下：
浅论广告英语语言特点及翻译策略
1 英语广告的语言特点
英语广告的词汇特点
使用形容词的比较级和最高级
使用简单动词和口语词汇
使用错别字和杜撰新词
英语的句法特征
使用短语代替整句
使用简单句和省略句
使用祈使句
使用第一、第二人称
英语广告的修辞特征
比喻
排比
拟人
对比
仿拟
押韵
2 英语广告的翻译策略
英语广告的翻译方法
直译
意译
套译
再创型翻译
英语广告的翻译原则
功能定位翻译
语言审美性翻译
文化矫正性翻译
三、毕业设计(论文)预期成果及创新
本文的预期成果是通过分析资料信息，研究广告英语语言特点及翻译策略，以推进大学生对广告英语的认知及翻译能力。从词汇、句法及修辞三方面介绍英语广告的语言特征，并通过实例分析介绍了英语广告翻译的技巧、策略与原则。透彻地了解广告产品和广告语篇的内容及其艺术形式，遵循英汉两种不同语言的特点和表达习惯。
创新点：探索和研究了广告英语语言特点及其对大学生翻译英语广告的影响。
一、 选题的背景与意义：
(一)课题研究来源
在考研过程中遇到类型相关的题目，本人很感兴趣，于是确定选择该题。
(二)课题研究的目的
本文通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义，来叙述《呼啸山庄》中文明与自然的冲突。
(三)课题研究的意义
艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期着名小说家和作家，是着名的勃朗特姐妹之一， 也是三姐妹中最具天赋的一个。她一生只写了一部小说《呼啸山庄》，但是这部伟大的作品却使她扬名于世。通过《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉·勃朗特以维多利亚时代为背景，通过写两个截然不同的家族，三代人之间的爱恨情仇，充分表现了维多利亚时期文明和自然之间的冲突以及怎样反映了艾米莉·勃朗特对自然的偏爱。小说中自然和文明冲突不断，艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中多次运用对比和象征来表现此冲突，例如，呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的冲突，凯瑟琳两种不同的爱情观的冲突。这种冲突正是基于艾米莉·勃朗特对自然异于常人的热爱和当时现代文明盛行的背景。英国文学史上着名的三姐妹从小生活在荒原上，自然在她们心中是神圣之物，这点很像新英格兰超验主义的观点。并且英国浪漫主义时期沃兹沃斯和柯律利治等着名诗人影响，自然，情感和哥特式元素在艾米莉·勃朗特的作品中都发挥着举足轻重的作用。而且，艾米莉·勃朗特生活在物欲横流的维多利亚时代，当时的人们以自然之情为基础的生活受到现代文明的激烈冲击。作为维多利亚时代批判现实主义的代表人物，艾米莉·勃朗特看到了现代文明带来的种种罪恶，内心更加执着于对自然的喜爱。 因此，要想真正读懂这部伟大的着作，就必须要了解小说中艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的观点。只有了解艾米莉·勃朗特对自然和文明的态度，才能真正明白在这爱恨情仇下有着更深刻的寓意-人类生活应该顺应自然和本性。通过《呼啸山庄》中自然和文明的从图矛盾，由此来叙述《呼啸山庄》中回归自然的观点。
二、 国内外研究现状：
(一)国内研究现状
1.陈茂林从艾米莉·勃朗特所受的自然的影响来分析，他的《回归自然返璞归真--<呼啸山庄>的生态批评》认为《呼啸山庄》是一部自然颂歌。小说中自然有着独特的作用，它使人精神放松，包容所有人，它似乎是一个有血有肉的灵魂，分享着人的痛苦和换了。作品表达了作者对自然的深深热爱，同时也反映了自然和文明的冲突和矛盾。 叶利荣则在其《追寻自我的历程--<呼啸山庄>主题探析》一文中提出：艾米莉·勃朗特在小说中塑造的两个富于激情和叛逆的人物形象--希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳，展示了他们在迷失之后寻找自我回归的艰难历程表现了处于自我冲突中的人的内心世界。他们充满抗争的一生是生命个体追寻自我历程的真实写照。
2. 王宏洁则在《自然与文明的冲击》中认为，自然和文明的冲突矛盾也就是《呼啸山庄》中的其中一个重要主题。自然，要求人们生活需要顺从内心情感和自然本性，得到自然错给予的舒适和自得。而文明，则是不同于自然的一种新的生活方式，要求人们生活遵从道德和理智。文明由此带来了物欲横流的社会以及追逐自身利益的人类，因此纯净自然之人被文明所污染。而自然不会随着文明的出现和进步消失，自然会一直存在。所以自文明诞生开始，文明和自然的冲突就不断。
(二) 国外研究现状
1.英国着名女作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在一九一六年就写过《〈简爱〉与〈呼啸山庄〉》一文。她写道：“当夏洛蒂写作时，她以雄辩、光彩和热情说我爱,我恨,我受苦.她的经验，虽然比较强烈，却是和我们自己的经验都在同一水平上。但是在《呼啸山庄》中没有 我,没有家庭女教师，没有东家。有爱，却不是男女之爱。艾米莉被某些比较普遍的观念所激励，促使她创作的冲动并不是她自己的受苦或她自身受损害。她朝着一个四分五裂的世界望去，而感到她本身有力量在一本书中把它拼凑起来。那种雄心壮志可以在全部小说中感觉得到--一种部分虽受到挫折，但却具有宏伟信念的挣扎，通过她的人物的口中说出的不仅仅是我爱或我恨,却是我们，全人类和你们，永存的势力……这句话没有说完。”
2.英国进步评论家阿诺·凯特尔(Arnold Kettle)在《英国小说引论》一书中第三部分论及十九世纪的小说时，他总结说：“《呼啸山庄》以艺术的想象形式表达了十九世纪资本主义社会中的人的精神上的压迫、紧张与矛盾冲突。这是一部毫无理想主义、毫无虚假的安慰，也没有任何暗示说操纵他们的命运的力量非人类本身的斗争和行动所能及。对自然，荒野与暴风雨，星辰与季节的有力召唤是启示生活本身真正的运动的一个重要部分。《呼啸山庄》中的男男女女不是大自然的囚徒，他们生活在这个世界里，而且努力去改变它，有时顺利，却总是痛苦的，几乎不断遇到困难，不断犯错误。”
三、 课题研究内容及创新
(一)课题研究内容
艾米莉·勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中多次运用象征主义，例如，呼啸山庄和西斯科拉里夫与儿时的凯瑟琳代表自然，他们崇尚自由，顺应自然和暴风雨似的生活原则而与呼啸山庄对立存在的画眉山庄以及林顿家庭则代表文明，他们彬彬有礼，服从一切社会原则。自然和文明表面风平浪静一直到西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳偶然闯进画眉山庄，于是冲突不断。凯瑟琳的自然之情开始受到文明的真正挑战，她开始背叛自己的内心情感，越来越像淑女，最终她舍弃对西斯克里夫的真爱嫁给埃德加·林顿，表面上文明占取了绝对优势。但是婚后的凯瑟琳被内心的自然之情折磨致死。而西斯克里夫也因为凯瑟琳的背叛自然性扭曲到极端，他变成了复仇的恶魔。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲，约束人的真实自然之情，造成了悲剧。尽管文明带来了进步，但是文明却扼杀了人性。最终，艾米莉·勃朗特让西斯克里夫在死前打开阻碍之窗-文明，让两人的游魂在荒野间游荡。种种表明艾米莉·勃朗特对两人爱情的同情以及要求人顺应人性，重返自然的思想。 本选题拟从三个部分加以阐述：
1. 自然和文明的定义
2. 自然和文明的较量： a.自然和文明的象征：呼啸山庄和画眉山庄;西斯克里夫和林顿及其哈的顿 b.自然和文明的斗争：凯瑟琳的爱情选择和西斯克里夫的疯狂报复导致人性的扭曲
3. 结论 人应该顺从自然，归顺自然。文明的侵犯使人性扭曲以及给人带来毁灭性的灾害。
(二)课题研究创新
本文主要通过对《呼啸山庄》中象征主义的运用，来解析自然和文明的冲突。艾米莉·勃朗特不仅塑造两个截然不同的庄园，分别代表自然和文明，还赋予住在两个山庄中类似他们山庄的性格，通过他们的对比以及他们交织时所产生的矛盾分歧来说明自认和文明之间的对抗。
四、课题的研究方法：
本选题拟采用多种研究手法，然后再结合定性分析研究法、综合查找法、归纳法、翻译法、文献综述法、文献检索法等多种研究方法加以详述。主要包括： 1、定性分析法：根据主观的判断和分析能力，推断出事物的性质和发展趋势的分析方法。 2、归纳法：通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，得出一般性的结论。 3、文献法：即历史文献法，就是搜集和分析研究各种现存的有关文献资料，从中选取信息，以达到某种调查研究目的的方法。 4、文献综述法： 即针对某个研究主题，对与之相关的各种文献资料进行收集整理，对所负载的知识信息进行归纳鉴别，清理与分析，并对所研究的问题在一定时期内已取得的研究状况，取得的成果，存在的问题以及发展的趋势进行系统而全面的叙述，评论，建构与阐述。其中，确定一个研究主题，收集整理专题文献，阅读与挖掘文献内容，清理与记述专题研究状况，建构与阐明专题研究发展趋势。
五、 研究计划及预期成果
(一)研究计划
4月15日-4月18日：指定论文指导教师，学生选定题目; 4月19日-4月25日：完成任务书部分和开题报告; 4月26日-5月12日：完成论文第一稿; 5月13日-5月22日：完成并上交论文第二稿; 5月23日-5月31日完成论文三稿(5月31日上午11点之前上交，以便答辩老师阅读)，指导教师分组阅读论文，师生做好答辩准备; 6月1日-6月9日：论文答辩(答辩后，学生对教师提出的意见要及时修改，以便装订论文终稿)。 6月10日-6月12日：二次答辩及论文装订、成绩评定。
(二)预期成果
按照规定的时间和进度提交一份具有一定的理论或应用价值的，字数在5000英文 单词左右、英美文学方向的的学术论文。
六、 参考文献：
[1] Bronte Emily. Wuthering Heights [M].Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Oxford University Press, 1999.
[2] Cecil, Victorian Novelists: Essays in Revaluation. . 1934
[3] 艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)着，方平译。呼啸山庄[M]. 上海译文出版社， 2001
[4] 夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)着，宋兆霖译。勃朗特两姐妹全集[M]. 河北教育出版社， 1996
[5] 陈茂林。 --回归自然 返璞归真《呼啸山庄》的生态批评 [J]. 外语教学。 2007(01)：69-73
[6] 栗华。 “野孩子”的爱与恨--对《呼啸山庄》意象和主题的一种阐释[J]. 北方论丛。 2001(6)：80-83
[7] 裴双。 --人类应有的前行姿态论《呼啸山庄》对野性与文明的取舍 [J]. 绍兴文理学院学报(哲学社会科学版)。 2007(04)：80-85
[8] 邵旭东。 何以写出《呼啸山庄》?--也谈艾米丽·勃朗特创作源泉问题[J]. 外国文学研究。1996(04)：77-81
七、指导教师评语：
它狂放不羁的浪漫主义风格源自于人物“爱”与“恨”的极端的冲突，而在希克厉和凯瑟琳这对旷世情侣身上，极度的爱中混合着极度的恨，失去凯瑟琳使希克厉成为一个复仇狂。加之，作者把故事背景放置在一个封闭的小社会——两个山庄，和开放的大自然——荒原之中，整个小说的情境就格外地“戏剧化”，阴冷而暴力，神秘怪烈又隐含着神圣的温情。 其次，女作家放弃了那种从头说起，原原本本的叙事手法，19世纪的女作家，像她姐姐写《简·爱》，奥斯丁写《傲慢与偏见》，都采用的是这样一种易于为大众接受的传统手法，艾米莉则为了讲清楚发生在两代人身上的复杂故事，别出心裁地采用了当时少见的“戏剧性结构”，借用了一位闯入呼啸山庄的陌生人洛克乌先生之耳目从故事的中间切入，这时候，女主人公凯瑟琳已死去，希克厉正处于极度暴虐地惩罚两家族的第二代的时候，这就设置了一个巨大的悬念，使读者急于追索事情的前因，又时时关注着人物未来的命运。当然，对于当时读惯古典小说的人们来说，接受这种叙事系统是有些吃力的，以致于有人指责此书“七拼八凑，不成体统”。 《呼啸山庄》深层次的主题是什么： 现在，多数人认为是对于人性的探索，洛克乌先生到来时所做的恶梦可谓是开启故事主题的钥匙，那是人性的冻结，之后30年旧事的倒叙正说明人性的堕落的过程，而最后四章，则顺叙了人性的复苏，希克厉终于悟到了无止境的报复只会带来糟糕的结局。小说基本上在讲叙恶的过程中最终发现了善的可能。 在当时的文坛，艾米莉远远地走于人们之前： 直至那个世纪结束后，才有人一反前说，认为“在19世纪，《呼啸山庄 》是一位女作家所能写出的最好的散文诗”；不仅如此，在本世纪，人们重新阅读与评价勃朗特三姐妹的文学作品时，开始提出：艾米莉·勃朗特是“三姐妹中最伟大的天才”，《呼啸山庄》也成为西方学者们欲琢磨个究竟的一块玉石，笼罩在它身上的百思不得其解的谜面背后那丰富的答案将渐渐被解释开来，毕竟，它是部可读性很强的天才之作，而非是云雾团里的“天书”。 这部小说的独特之处： 首先在于它揭示了人性的复杂与深刻，在于它所蕴含的爱与恨的激情。凯瑟琳与希思克利夫的爱情是以他们的性格和兴趣完全认为同为基础的，他们之间的爱情主要是精神上一致而非外貌上的相互吸引，是心灵的契合而非欲望上的需要，就在他们最后一次见面中那狂风暴雨般不可遏制的激情，也不夹杂有丝毫的情欲成份，这也寄托了作家对理想的、纯洁的爱情的向往。 一本书看久了，感觉和感悟也就淡了： 我不欣赏书中的情与恨相互交织，如果爱过，就不要有恨，如果有恨就没有真正的爱过。人是有情感的动物，只有有情感的人才是真正的至真至情至诚中人，才会更显得可爱，但这种狂热到将爱变成了恨，我不赞同，幸好最后希思克利夫终于没有了恨，也让小凯瑟琳和哈里顿这对有情人能够走到一起，也说明真情能感动所有的人。 结合我自己的感情经历来说，我对爱最大的体会却是宽容，如果真正的爱，那么没有得到又有何访呢？只要他（她）是幸福的，只要他（她）曾经也真心地爱过自己，留下美好的记忆，彼此祝福，在无人的夜晚能静静的想想彼此，这就够了。 读一本名著，真的是一件很累很享受的事，当我被其中的人物感情所打动时，我会流泪，更会得到启发。 附：故事简介 《呼啸山庄》讲的是一个爱情与复仇的故事，弃儿希思克利夫在利物浦的大街上被好心的恩肖先生捡起，抱回家收养，与恩肖的儿子辛德雷和女儿凯瑟琳在一起生活，辛德雷讨厌希思克利夫，而他的妹妹却喜欢希思克利夫，恩肖死后，辛德雷成了一家之主，把希思克利夫当仆人和佃农对待，剥夺了他受教育的权利，半百般侮辱，虐待他。与此同时，凯瑟琳和希思克利夫由于性格和爱好上的一致而成为最好的朋友并产生了朦胧的爱情。邻近的富绅之子林顿向凯瑟琳求爱，频繁登门拜访，凯瑟琳对他表示了好感并决定嫁给他，希思克利夫愤而出走。三年后凯瑟琳嫁给了林顿。希思克利夫也发财回来，同时实施报复。辛德雷因丧妻而染上了酗酒和同赌博的恶习，希思克利夫引诱他进一步堕落，轻而易举地占有了他的全部家产，并将他的儿子教唆成一个文盲和无赖。希思克利夫利用欺手段娶了林顿的妹妹伊莎贝拉为妻，婚后百般虐待她。凯瑟琳在病疼中生下女儿小凯瑟琳后去世，伊莎贝拉在认清希思克利夫的真面目后也离他而去，并生下了儿子小林顿。后来，伊莎贝拉列死去，儿子被希思克利夫夺回到自己手中，并诱使他与小凯瑟琳相爱。在林顿病重之时，他设计劫持了小凯瑟琳，强迫她与自己的儿子小林顿成亲，吞并了林顿的全部家产，完成了他的复仇计划。小林顿不久死去，小凯瑟琳与辛德雷的儿子哈里顿产生了爱情。与此同时，希思克利夫被凯瑟琳的鬼魂缠绕得坐卧不宁，不思饮食睡眠，他从哈里顿与小凯瑟琳的眼睛里看到了凯瑟琳的那双眼睛不愿再阻挠他们的爱情，在抑郁和精神错乱中死去。
Wuthering Heights as a Religious NovelWuthering Heights is not a religious novel in the sense that it supports a particular religion (Christianity), or a particular branch of Christianity (Protestantism), a particular Protestant denomination (Church of England). Rather, religion in this novel takes the form of the awareness of or conviction of the existence of a overwhelming sense of the presence of a larger reality moved Rudolph Otto to call Wuthering Heights a supreme example of "the daemonic" in literature. Otto was concerned with identifying the non-rational mystery behind all religion and all religious experiences; he called this basic element or mystery the numinous. The numinous grips or stirs the mind so powerfully that one of the responses it produces is numinous dread, which consists of awe or awe-fullness. Numinous dread implies three qualities of the numinous: its absolute unapproachability, its power, and. its urgency or energy. A misunderstanding of these qualities and of numinous dread by primitive people gives rise to daemonic dread, which Otto identifies as the first stage in religious development. At the same time that they feel dread, they are drawn by the fascinating power of the numinous. Otto explains, "The daemonic-divine object may appear to the mind an object of horror and dread, but at the same time it is no less something that allures with a potent charm, and the creature, who trembles before it, utterly cowed and cast down, has always at the same time the impulse to turn to it, nay even to make it somehow his own." Still, acknowledgment of the "daemonic" is a genuine religious experience, and from it arise the gods and demons of later religions. It has been suggested that Gothic fiction originated primarily as a quest for numinous dread. For Derek Traversi the motive force of Brontë's novel is "a thirst for religious experience," which is not Christian. It is this spirit which moves Catherine to exclaim, "surely you and everybody have a notion that there is, or should be, an existence of yours beyond you. What were the use of my creation if I were entirely contained here? (Ch. ix, p. 64). Out of Catherine's–and Brontë's–awareness of the finiteness of human nature comes the yearning for a higher reality, permanent, infinite, eternal; a higher reality which would enable the self to become whole and complete and would also replace the feeling of the emptiness of this world with feelings of the fullness of being (fullness of being is a phrase used by and about mystics to describe the aftermath of a direct experience of God). Brontë's religious inspiration turns a discussion of the best way to spend an idle summer's day into a dispute about the nature of heaven. Brontë's religious view encompasses both Cathy's and Linton's views of heaven and of life, for she sees a world of contending forces which are contained within her own nature. She seeks to unite them in this novel, though, Traversi admits, the emphasis on passion and death tends to overshadow the drive for unity. Even Heathcliff's approaching death, when he cries out "My soul's bliss kills my body, but does not satisfy itself" (Ch. xxxiv, p. 254), has a religious John Winnifrith also sees religious meaning in the novel: salvation is won by suffering, as an analysis of references to heaven and hell reveals. For Heathcliff, the loss of Catherine is literally hell; there is no metaphoric meaning in his claim "existence after losing her would be hell" (Ch. xiv, p. 117). In their last interview, Catherine and Heathcliff both suffer agonies at the prospect of separation, she to suffer "the same distress underground" and he to "writhe in the torments of hell" (XV, p. 124). Heathcliff is tortured by his obsession for the dead/absent Catherine. Suffering through an earthly hell leads Healthcliff finally to his heaven, which is union with Catherine as a spirit. The views of Nelly and Joseph about heaven and hell are conventional and do not represent Brontë's views, according to has endured hell. Indeed, most of this novel becomes a test of what she can endure. Helen Burns and Miss Temple teach Jane the British stiff upper lip and saintly patience. Then Jane, star pupil that she is, exemplifies the stoicism, while surviving indignity upon indignity. Jane’s soul hunkers down deep inside her body and waits for the shelling to stop. Only at Moor’s End, where she teaches and grows, does her soul come out. She stops enduring and begins living. Jane begins to become an “I” in her 19th year. In the sentence, “Reader, I married him.” Jane makes clear who is in charge of her life and her marriage; she is. That “I” stands resolutely as the subject of the sentence commanding the verb and attaching itself to the object, “him.” She is no longer passive, waiting and sitting for Rochester’s attention. Rather, she goes out and gets him. She has gone a long way from the beginning of the novel. At Gateshead, Jane tries to direct her life. Her little “I” scolds Mrs. Reed and chastises John. Like the later Jane, she knows her mind and speaks it. Unlike the later Jane, however, she does not have the wherewithal to back up her soul. She does not have the physical strength, the mental skills, nor the finances to stand on her own. As a result, she can be thrown into the Red Room to repent her sins and can be cast into Lowood. At Lowood, her pernicious saints, Helen Burns and Miss Temple, suppress the young ego under a blanket of will, religion, and self-sacrifice. Helen teaches Jane to blame herself for everything and blame others for nothing. Helen suffers depredation upon humiliation in the name of dirty fingernails and disorganized socks, all the while chanting “Thank you sir, may I have another.” Jane internalizes this, so that she blames herself for Rochester’s faults and error and even forgives the unforgivable, Mrs. Reed. For her part, Miss Temple teaches Jane to be subversive, but charming. Rebellion is seed cake and a smile. Rebellion is not keeping the students from the ten-mile forced march to church. Jane follows these dictates as well, manipulating Rochester for scraps and sops. With one withering blast, Rochester dynamites these two icons into sanctimonious rubble and sends Jane back out into the elements. Her soul, long buried or locked away in the attic, bursts forth and sends Jane for the escape pods. Out in the moors, sucking on dirt, Jane chooses to live on and rebuilds herself. First with the help of her cousins, then with the arrogantly humble Rivers St. John, Jane rediscovers who she is and discards who she isn’t. Ironically, her final self-definition comes from Rivers when he proposes. Helen Burns and Miss Temple would have knelt at the chance, but Jane lets the cup pass by. In her rejection, she sweeps the debris away and stands by herself. So, when she returns to Thornfield, she comes with her own money and her own identity. Reduced or not, Rochester can only stand with Jane, not tower over her. She comes with a skill, cash, and self-knowledge. And under her own power, she submits herself to Rochester. She allows herself to be called Janet and to refer to him as “sir.” She willingly and momentarily drops her head. But not for long. In the ultimate chapter, Jane directly addresses her “Reader.” The final chapter takes place a year or two post-fire, as the mature Jane looks back on her life. By the act of writing, Jane has defined herself and stepped away from the saint-in-training. By writing the truth, in all of its ugliness, she separates herself from the persona. The Jane in the first 38 chapters is not the final Jane that addresses the reader. That Jane has had a child, has married a man, and has made a spot in the world. The great triumph of that line comes not from the man that she has married, but from the rediscovery and reaffirmation of the voice that once told off Mrs. Reed. The girl lost her voice at Lowood has become the woman who can tell us the story. The novel itself is Jane’s final "I."
There is a thin line between love and hate, and once Heathcliff crosses it, we see a grand, passionate and absorbingly interesting man turn into a fearsome thug. Thwarted in his love for his childhood soulmate, Catherine Earnshaw, Heathcliff turns his devastation outward, becoming a hateful -- and hated -- person all across the bleak moors that surround his Yorkshire village. Heathcliff courts and marries the sister of the man whom Catherine chose over Heathcliff, only to torture her emotionally as a way of getting even with her brother. Meanwhile, Catherine slowly wastes away pining for Heathcliff, for although she once rejected him, she eventually realizes that she has made an irredeemable error and can never be happy. Heathcliff sums up the tragedy of their lives in a single question near the end of the novel when he asks, "Why did you betray your heart, Cathy?" Sound depressing? It's not. Wuthering Heights is a grand and glorious novel that dramatically illustrates the power of love, for good and ill. But more importantly, it teaches us that the only path to happiness is to be true to one's heart, rather than one's head. Had Catherine honored her bond with Heathcliff and refused to bow to the social mores of her day, not only would the two of them been much happier, but all of the many people whose lives they stumbled into would have been much better off. Another reviewer said that those of us who love this novel probably have a strong identification with one of the characters, and for me that is quite true. That's the reason for reading a classic like Wuthering Heights, because when it speaks to you in the clear and true way that Bronte does, you know that you are not alone, and that some things transcend time and place. Think about it -- a prim, Victorian preacher's daughter living on the moors of England before there was electricity can reach across 150 years of time and speak to the heart of a wired American in the 21st century. Pretty amazing. 我看了看还行
'Thrushcross Grange is my own, sir,' he interrupted, wincing. 'I should not allow any one to inconvenience me, if I could hinder it - walk in!' The 'walk in' was uttered with closed teeth, and expressed the sentiment, 'Go to the Deuce:' even the gate over which he leant manifested no sympathising movement to the words; and I think that circumstance determined me to accept the invitation: I felt interested in a man who seemed more exaggeratedly reserved than myself. When he saw my horse's breast fairly pushing the barrier, he did put out his hand to unchain it, and then sullenly preceded me up the causeway, calling, as we entered the court, - 'Joseph, take Mr. Lockwood's horse; and bring up some wine.' 'Here we have the whole establishment of domestics, I suppose,' was the reflection suggested by this compound order. 'No wonder the grass grows up between the flags, and cattle are the only hedge- cutters.'
呼啸山庄英文简介：
Wuthering Heights is the work of Emily Bronte, one of the Bronte sisters, and one of the representative works of English literature in the 19th century. The novel describes the abandoned Gypsy son Heathcliff, who was adopted by the old owner of the villa, went out to become rich because of humiliation and failed love.
When he returned, he retaliated against Linton, the landlord who married his girlfriend Catherine, and his children. The whole article is full of a strong spirit of struggle against oppression and happiness, and is always covered with a strange and tense romantic atmosphere. This work has been adapted into film works many times.
呼啸山庄中文简介：
《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品，是19世纪英国文学的代表作之一。小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不遂，外出致富。
回来后，对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。此作品多次被改编成电影作品。
扩展资料：
《呼啸山庄》创作背景：
艾米丽生性寂寞，自小内向的她，缄默又总带着几分以男性自居的感觉，诚如夏洛蒂所说的：“她的性格是独一无二的。”
少女时代，当她和姐妹们在家里“编造”故事、写诗的时候，她就显得很特别，后来收录在她们诗歌合集中艾米丽的作品总是如同波德莱尔或爱伦·坡那样被“恶”这一主题所困惑，在纯净的抒情风格之间总笼罩着一层死亡的阴影。
在她写作《呼啸山庄》时，这种困惑与不安的情绪变得更加急躁，她迫切需要创造一个虚构的世界来演绎它，把自己心底几近撕裂的痛苦借小说人物之口淋漓尽致地发泄出来。因此《呼啸山庄》是饱含作者心血与情感的作品。
参考资料来源：百度百科—呼啸山庄 （艾米莉·勃朗特著长篇小说）