Welding Automation Research in the engineering school is largely focused on problems involving sensing, modeling, and control of welding processes, i.e., welding automation. Faculty and students from electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and material science are involved in the welding automation research. The overall objective of this research is to provide both greater productivity and enhanced quality for welding in the manufacturing environment.http://eecs.vanderbilt.edu/researchgroups/weldingautomation
电气工程：1Electrical Engineering My decision to pursue graduate study in the United States is underscored by my desire to be a part of the graduate program at your institution. Purdue University offers the flexibility needed for such a vast and rapidly changing field. The research facilities and the faculty at the university are par excellent. Communications is an industry that has changed our lives. In a very short period it has changed the way we have looked at things since centuries. It is one industry that is going to shape our future for centuries to come. Hence my desire to do masters in electrical engineering with communications as my major. My interest in electronics blossomed during my high school years. It was the time when technology had begun to make an impact on the lives of people in India. Hence engineering with electronics as my major was the first choice for my undergraduate studies. Right since the beginning of my undergraduate study electronics is a subject that has fascinated me with its power of applications. The subjects that I have studied include Linear Electronics, Digital Electronics. These laid the foundation for my courses in Electronic Communication & Communication Systems at a later stage. My undergraduate studies already focus on the communications aspect of electronics. A masters degree in electrical engineering with communications as major field is the next logical step. For the past four months I have been working as a project trainee at the Indian Institute for Advanced Electronics. I am working on the design and development of a "PC Controlled Digital Serial Data Generator". This short stint has given me invaluable practical experience. It has given me the confidence to pursue a masters degree and also kindled a desire to do research. During the course of my work at IIAE, I have come across several scientists. Most of them work in different areas of communications. Interactions with them have made me realize the vastness and the scope of communications. My discussions with them convinced me that specializing in communications will suit me very well. The subject of research which interests me very much is spread spectrum communication systems. Coding theory and combinations is another research subject which arouses my curiosity. The subject Communication Theory which I am studying at present introduces these topics in theory. I am eager to find out more about the applications of coding theory to spread spectrum communication systems. In addition I have been a student member of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.) for the past three years. Through its workshops/seminars and publications like the 'The Spectrum' it has exposed me to a lot of emerging technologies in the field of communications. It is a strong belief in my family that the American education system has the best to offer in the whole world. This belief arises out of the experience that my parents had when they did their Masters of Science in the University of Pennsylvania during the years 1967-69. If I can get an opportunity to be a part of that intellectually stimulating environment, I am sure my talents will be put to optimal use. India is a developing country with an enormous potential in the information technology business. To serve the needs of this developing industry and more important its vast population, communications is going to become of utmost importance. Thus conditions here are very conducive to supplement my aspirations when I return after completing my graduate studies. 2Electrical Engineering As a graduate student, I will undertake research and coursework in Electrical Engineering to enhance my competencies in this field. I intend to complete my master's degree in order to pursue my doctorate. The research that I am most interested in pursuing at Northeastern University surrounds the optical properties of MEMS devices, and the development of substrate-based fast electro-optical interfaces. My interest in this area stems from my undergraduate study in MEMs development for tri-axial accelerometers. Engineering has been a key interest of mine since childhood. While still in grade school I enjoyed listening to my father, an electrical engineer, teach me about advances in technology, and was always eager to hear more. I was introduced to my first computer at the age of five, and have loved interacting with them ever since. My decision to study engineering as a career was no surprise to those who knew me. In college I found that I was always studying something I enjoyed. I believe it is because I enjoy my life and my work that I have been successful. Spending hours in the laboratory is not something that I dread, but instead I take pride in my work and its successful completion. One example of this that is still fresh in my mind is the successful design of a fully functional microprocessor in the Xilinx environment. All told, the project took over 150 hours of each design-team member's time. However, I did not look on it as a drain, but an experience for learning and a focus for my professional and technical development. When we finished the project we felt the sense of worth and pride in completion of a task that was once above our level of knowledge. Pursuing a graduate degree in the research field I have chosen also feels like a challenge, and I know that study will frustrate me at times. However, I feel that my commitment to learning will not be swayed. I feel confident in my ability to be creative in my perspective, and to persevere. My ultimate goal is to be an innovator in the field I have chosen to study. Professionalism and creativity are my most valued strengths. At the heart of my interest is the advancement of man in concert with his environment. My personal philosophy of life will matter greatly during my study and after its completion. That is why I devote time to reflection on my goals and their implications. Money has never been a motivator for my work, nor do I think it will be in the future. However, as a professional and a graduate, I realize that my earning potential will be significant. That is why I also commit myself to charity and fairness. In the past I have been a member of the Boy Scouts of America, and have achieved the rank of Eagle Scout. In the course of my experience in that organization, I learned respect and moral value. Now, as a member of the IEEE, I value my professional standing and its commensurate moral implications. Ethics in engineering is as important as technical skill, and as such I intend to uphold my own ethical obligations to the best of my ability. As a Northeastern University student, I would commit all that I have to offer to my study. I intend to pursue research in MEMS technology. At Rowan University as an undergraduate student I have already conducted some research and development of MEMS sensors for military applications, resulting in publication. An article, written by myself and my project member David Bowen and edited by our advisor Dr. Robert Krchnavek, was published in the NAVSEA Intelligent Ships Symposium Proceedings of 2001. The paper was titled "Designing a 3-Axis, Monolithic, MEMS-Based Accelerometer" and was under review for endorsement by the US Navy's NAVSEA facility in Philadelphia during that year. Building on my past success in MEMs design, I hope to advance my understanding. Through research at the graduate level, it is my hope to become familiar with, and innovate the design of MEMs Optics in hopes of creating a reliable and practical MEMs Electro-Optical Interface for use in consumer electronics. It is my hope, that through my research, optical waveguides for intradevice communication might be realized. Finally, my intent to pursue graduate study is laid plain. Study of MEMs optics is my intended focus, and I am committed to my goal. In pursuing a doctoral degree, I have closely analyzed myself to determine the reasons for my previous successes and my goals for the future. I have found that I do and have always enjoyed engineering, and that I have a strong desire to pursue my study further. I am prepared to commit myself to that study, and achieve what I have set out to do. 3I Wish to Pursue an MS Degree in Electrical Engineering During my senior year at Purdue University, I made a decision that has impacted the entire course of my education. While my classmates were making definite decisions about their career paths, I chose to implement a five-year plan of development and growth for myself. I designed this plan in order to examine various careers that I thought might interest me, as well as to expand upon my abilities at the time. As I was attaining a BS degree in Electrical Engineering, I decided to focus primarily on fields related to the VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integrated) circuits area. My main goals were either to gain work experience or to further my education by pursuing an MS degree in Electrical Engineering (MSEE). I saw an opportunity to both work and learn through employment at Xilinx Inc. Operating as a product engineer at a successful, high-tech semiconductor company has enabled me to utilize my technical and interpersonal skills in new and challenging ways. The position has also allowed me to interact with a multitude of departments including marketing, integrated circuit (IC) design, software/CAD development, manufacturing, reliability, accounting, and sales. I thus have gained an array of experience that extended beyond the parameters of my own responsibilities. In the workplace, I rely heavily upon the interpersonal techniques I developed as a counselor in a Purdue residence hall, as well as the organizational skills I had acquired through holding various leadership positions in cultural and engineering societies. I have also cultivated an interest in high-technology marketing that has continued to grow throughout my career. My experiences with Xilinx have heightened my hunger for knowledge in the VLSI field. Two months after joining the corporation, I applied to several part-time programs in the vicinity that would allow me to acquire an MSEE degree within two to three years. San Jose State seemed an ideal choice, for its evening MSEE courses would allow me to pursue two independent, full-time positions concurrently. The San Jose program has complimented my Xilinx duties well; both demand large levels of energy and enthusiasm while guiding me to my ultimate goal a high degree of education in VLSI sciences. The resources that I poured into both endeavors have reaped many gains. I have been promoted to a Product-Yield Engineering position within Xilinx's Coarse Grain Static Memory (CGSM) Product Engineering division. My extensive coursework plays a key role in my continued success at Xilinx. Relevant classes in advanced digital and analog VLSI design, as well as sub-micron ULSI technology, have allowed me to understand more completely the workings of Xilinx, a fab-less semiconductor company that also functions as a software and hardware design, testing, and marketing center. The gains in knowledge I have made through the combination of work experience and education have indeed been exponential. The academic records of my senior year at Purdue, coupled with my MSEE coursework, are ample proof of my dedication to learning. I feel I have overcome through hard work and dedication the brief "dry phase" I underwent at Purdue during the close of my sophomore and the first semester of my junior years. My performance at that time is in no way indicative of my usual achievements; they are instead the result of urgent family difficulties that required much foreign travel and serious attention to resolve. In May, I shall graduate with an MSEE degree from San Jose well ahead of my original estimates. This early graduation with Dean's Honors is the result of my firm belief in the value of diligence, as well as my renewed determination to strive for perfection in both work and school. I am now embarking on another five-year plan, during which I hope to fulfill several specific career goals. For instance, being part of a very dynamic and results-oriented Yield team at Xilinx calls for continuous development of computational and statistical techniques. The Yield team is divided to focus on specific process/fabrication issues and process (manufacturing) optimization. My own position is an integral part of the optimization group. Speed and cost issues continue to press high technology atmospheres towards optimization, probability and stochastic processes and systems, and rigorous simulations of mathematical models. The MS in EES&OR offered at your university will grant me the statistical knowledge that is crucial for process and production optimization in a fab-less environment. In addition, product engineering requires fundamental research on mathematical models for linear and non-linear programming, as well as the utilization of efficient computer software. I continuously employ the knowledge I gained at Purdue in Operations Research and advanced mathematics courses. Yet despite the value of these classes and my high performance in them, I now require further education to best fulfill my duties. An MS in the EES&OR field, will give me knowledge that is invaluable to a career in product development, project management and strategic planning. The program will allow me to improve decision-making skills in operations, strategy, and policy issues. I will strengthen my theory and application in countless areas:continuous, discrete, numerical optimization; probabilistic and stochastic processes; dynamic systems and simulation; economics, finance, and investment; decision analysis; dynamic programming and planning under uncertainty; operations and service; corporate and individual strategy; and private and public policy issues.Thus, the EES&OR program will not only help me to excel at Xilinx but will also further any future career. My commitment to work and education over the last three years proves that I will pursue this MS with enthusiasm and zeal.The technical edge that the MS would provide is incomparable.Since I will be working while attending Stanford, I shall mingle education with practical application, and bring to the table interesting problems from my experience and past education. Technical challenges encountered through projects in the EES&OR program will provide motivation and opportunity for methodological innovation.The data collection, processing and presentation issues presented are integral to my future goals, and the management challenges raised will provide invaluable experience for professional practice. This will in turn build a solid foundation for a life-long career that can overcome any problem in decision-making. In addition, taking courses in economics, finance, and investment analysis will allow much growth of knowledge in investment issues in different industries. The EES&OR program thus appeals not only to my engineering, economics, science and mathematical background, but will compliment my technical abilities with the conceptual frameworks needed to analyze problems in operations, production, strategic planning, and marketing in the realm of emiconductor/IC/engineering systems. I feel that I am prepared to meet the challenges of the curriculum. My coursework in intermediate microeconomics and macroeconomics, international trade, operations research, linear algebra, and probabilistic methods, along with my extensive calculus background, will allow me to function well within the program. My long-term career goals include a move into marketing and product management. I believe that attaining this MS degree is the cornerstone to achieving my goals. It will give me the academic background necessary to succeed in product development, project management, and strategic planning. It will improve decision-making skills necessary for optimizing performance. The integration of two excellent programs in Economics Systems and Operations Research thus suits my current position and ties in with future goals perfectly by improving decision making in operations, strategy and policy. At present I desire to continue at Xilinx; attending a program that provides the flexibility and convenience of the SITN, is therefore imperative. Hence, being at Stanford as an HCP student alsoattracts me. I believe that Stanford is the best environment for me to achieve my goals while gaining exposure to and experience with a diverse student body and faculty. It is my belief that one continues to learn throughout one's life, and the most effective method of learning is through interaction with others.Stanford's diversity offers an environment for learning, both inside and outside the classroom. I hope to share my varied knowledge with my classmates and to take from them a new understanding of topics that are foreign to me. I believe that no other school provides students with the combination of education and environment offered by Stanford. Its outstanding academic reputation, mingled with its diverse environment and thriving Bay Area location, creates an opportunity for growth that is second to none. I have many ambitions for myself as I embark on this stage of my life. I believe that an education from Stanford will provide invaluable experiences and skills that will allow me to become a successful and innovative business leader in the new millennium. 4Research Department of Biomedical Engineering is designed to research on and solve the bio-electrical and biomagnetic engineering problems in the field of biology and medicine with the aid of engineering principles and methods. Its main task is to explain, from perspective view of engineering, the biological and pathologic processes of the living organisms, especially human beings, and research on and develop the related medical devices and life science devices. Its research directions mainly include the modeling and emulation of the biological system, testing and analysis of biomedical signals, the biomedical imaging and processing , the biological effects of electromagnetic field and the development of artificial organs and medical devices, etc.Electromagnetic Bioengineering With the development and integration of electromagnetism, biology and medicine, biological electromagnetism exercises more and more influence on human life and health, environment protection and biological engineering. The research on electromagnetic bioengineering is a new research direction for IEECAS, mainly including research on rules of mutual influence between electromagnetic field and life matter, biological electromagnetic effect and its application in biology, medicine and medical equipment. At present, the research team has set up labs such as biological electromagnetic environment lab, biological electromagnetic signals & electromagnetic property testing lab, electromagnetic biological effect testing lab and biological electromagnetic simulation lab. It is equipped with various electrical and magnetic fields for experiments of biological electromagnetic effects, simulation software and biochemical experiment equipment. With such equipments, it can do biological electromagnetic experiments on live animals and detached live cells, detect, analyze and process the very weak biological electromagnetic signals, analyze and test live organism or detached cell under electromagnetic interaction with biochemical quantitative methods. The recent research work focuses on the effects 方向对不对，不知你要哪种，告诉我，我再接着找多的话email you
用于分布式在线UPS中的并联逆变器的一种无线控制器已经发送。
用于分布式在线UPS中的并联逆变器的一种无线控制器A Wireless Controller for Parallel Inverters in Distributed Online UPS SystemsJosep M. Guerrero', Luis Garcia de Vicufia", Jose Matas'*, Jaume Miret", and Miguel Castilla". Departament #Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automatica i Informhtica Industrial. Universitat Polithica de CatalunyaC. Comte d'Urgell, 187.08036 -Barcelona. Spain. Email: .. Departament #Enginyeria Electrbnica. Universitat Polit6cnica de CatalunyaAV. Victor BaLguer s/n. 08800I - Vilanova i la Geltrh. SpainAbsiract - In this paper, a novel controller for parallelconnectedonline-UPS inverters without control wireinterconnections is presented. The wireless control technique isbased on the well-known droop method, which consists inintroducing P-oand Q-V schemes into the inverters, in order toshare properly the power drawn to the loads. The droop methodhas been widely used in applications of load sharing betweendifferent parallel-connected inverters. However, this methodhas several drawbacks that limited its application, such as atrade-off between output-voltage regulation and power sharingaccuracy, slow transient response, and frequency and phasedeviation. This last disadvantage makes impracticable themethod in online-UPS systems, since in this case every modulemust be in phase with the utility ac mains. To overcome theselimitations, we propose a novel control scheme, endowing to theparalleled-UPS system a proper transient response, strictlyfrequency and phase synchronization with the ac mains, andexcellent power sharing. Simulation and experimental resultsare reported confirming the validity of the proposed approach.1. INTRODUCTIONThe parallel operation of distributed Uninterruptible PowerSupplies (UPS) is presented as a suitable solution to supplycritical and sensitive loads, when high reliability and poweravailability are required. In the last years, many controlschemes for parallel-connected inverters has been raised,which are derived from parallel-schemes of dc-dc converters[I], such as the master-slave control [2], or the democraticcontrol [3]. In contrast, novel control schemes have beenappeared recently, such as the chain-structure control [4], orthe distributed control [ 5 ] . However, all these schemes needcontrol interconnections between modules and, hence, thereliability of the system is reduced since they can be a sourceof noise and failures. Moreover, these communication wireslimited the physical situation ofthe modules [6].In this sense, several control techniques has been proposedwithout control interconnections, such as the droop method.In this method, the control loop achieves good power sharingmaking tight adjustments over the output voltage frequencyand amplitude of the inverter, with the objective tocompensate the active and reactive power unbalances [7].This concept is derived from the power system theory, inwhich the frequency of a generator drops when the powerdrawn to the utility line increases [8].0-7803-7906-3/03/$17.00 02003 IEEE. 1637However, this control approach has an inherent trade-offbetween voltage regulation and power sharing. In addition,this method exhibits slow dynamic-response, since it requireslow-pass filters to calculate the average value of the activeand reactive power. Hence, the stability and the dynamics ofthe whole system are hardly influenced by the characteristicsof these filters and by the value of the droop coefficients,which are bounded by the maximum allowed deviations ofthe output voltage amplitude and frequency.Besides, when active power increases, the droopcharacteristic causes a frequency deviation from the nominalvalue and, consequently, it results in a variable phasedifference between the mains and the inverter output voltage.This fact can be a problem when the bypass switch mustconnect the utility line directly to the critical bus in stead ofits phase difference. In [9], two possibilities are presented inorder to achieve phase synchronization for parallel lineinteractiveUPS systems. The first one is to locate a particularmodule near the bypass switch, which must to synchronizethe output voltage to the mains while supporting overloadcondition before switch on. The second possibility is to waitfor the instant when phase matching is produced to connectthe bypass.However, the mentioned two folds cannot be applied to aparallel online-UPS system, since maximum transfer timeought to be less than a % of line period, and all the modulesmust be always synchronized with the mains when it ispresent. Hence, the modules should be prepared to transferdirectly the energy from the mains to the critical bus in caseof overload or failure [lo].In our previous works [11][12], we proposed differentcontrol schemes to overcome several limitations of theconventional droop method. However, these controllers bythemselves are inappropriate to apply to a parallel online-UPS system. In this paper, a novel wireless control scheme isproposed to parallel different online UPS modules with highperformance and restricted requirements. The controllerprovides: 1) proper transient response; 2) power sharingaccuracy; 3) stable frequency operation; and 4) good phasematching between the output-voltage and the utility line.Thus, this new approach is especially suitable for paralleled-UPS systems with true redundancy, high reliability andpower availability. Simulation and experimental results arereported, confirming the validity of this control scheme.Fig. 1. Equivalenl cimuif ofan invener connecled 10 a bust"Fig. 2. P-odraop function.11. REVlEW OF THE CONVENTIONAL DROOP METHODFig. 1 shows the equivalent circuit of an inverter connectedto a common bus through coupled impedance. When thisimpedance is inductive, the active and reactive powers drawnto the load can be expressed asEVcosQ - V2 Q=where Xis the output reactance of an inverter; Q is the phaseangle between the output voltage of the inverter and thevoltage of the common bus; E and V are the amplitude of theoutput voltage of the inverter and the bus voltage,respectively.From the above equations it can be derived that the activepower P is predominately dependent on the power angle Q,while the reactive power Q mostly depends on the outputvoltageamplitude. Consequently, most of wireless-control ofparalleled-inverters uses the conventional droop method,which introduces the following droops in the amplitude Eand the frequency U of the inverter output voltageu = w -mP (3)E = E ' - n Q , (4)being W* and E' the output voltage frequency and amplitudeat no load, respectively; m and n are the droop coefficientsfor the frequency and amplitude, respectively.Furthermore, a coupled inductance is needed between theinverter output and the critical bus that fixes the outputimpedance, in order to ensure a proper power flow. However,it is bulky and increase:; the size and the cost of the UPSmodules. In addition, tho output voltage is highly distortedwhen supplying nonlinezr loads since the output impedanceis a pure inductance.It is well known that if droop coefficients are increased,then good power sharing is achieved at the expense ofdegrading the voltage regulation (see Fig. 2).The inherent trade-off of this scheme restricts thementioned coefficients, which can be a serious limitation interms of transient response, power sharing accuracy, andsystem stability.On the other hand, lo carry out the droop functions,expressed by (3) and (4), it is necessary to calculate theaverage value over one line-cycle of the output active andreactive instantaneous power. This can be implemented bymeans of low pass filters with a smaller bandwidth than thatof the closed-loop inverter. Consequently, the powercalculation filters and droop coefficients determine, to a largeextent, the dynamics and the stability of the paralleledinvertersystem [ 131.In conclusion, the droop method has several intrinsicproblems to be applied 1.0 a wireless paralleled-system ofonline UPS, which can he summed-up as follows:Static trade-off between the output-voltage regulation(frequency and amplitude) and the power-sharingaccuracy (active an4d reactive).2) Limited transient response. The system dynamicsdepends on the power-calculation filter characteristics,the droop coefficients, and the output impedances.Lost of ac mains synchronization. The frequency andphase deviations, due to the frequency droop, makeimpracticable this method to a parallel-connectedonline UPS system, in which every UPS should becontinuously synchronized to the public ac supply.1)3)111. PROPOSED CONTROL FOR PARALLEL ONLINE UPSINVERTERSIn this work, we will try to overcome the above limitationsand to synthesize a novel control strategy withoutcommunication wires that could be appropriate to highperformanceparalleled industrial UPS. The objective is toconnect online UPS inverters in parallel without usingcontrol interconnections. This kind of systems, also namedinverter-preferred, should be continuously synchronized tothe utility line. When an overload or an inverter failureoccurs, a static bypass switch may connect the input line tothe load, bypassing the inve:rter [14][15].Fig. 3 shows the general diagram of a distributed onlineUPS system. This system consists of two buses: the utilitybus, which is connected lo the public ac mains; and thesecure bus, connected to the distributed critical loads. Theinterface between these buses is based on a number of onlineUPS modules connected in parallel, which providescontinuously power to the: loads [16]. The UPS modulesinclude a rectifier, a set of batteries, an inverter, and a staticbypass switch.11638Q ac mainsutility busI I Ij distributed loads !Fig. 3. Online distributed UPS system.syposr /I 4(4Fig. 4. Operation modes of an online UPS.(a) Normal operation. (b) Bypass operation. (c) Mains failureThe main operation modes of a distributed online UPS1) Normal operation: The power flows to the load, fromthe utility through the distributed UPS units.2) Mains failure: When the public ac mains fails, theUPS inverters supply the power to the loads, from thebatteries, without disruption.Bypass operation: When an overload situation occurs,the bypass switch must connect the critical busdirectly to the ac mains, in order to guarantee thecontinuous supply of the loads, avoiding the damageof the UPS modules.For this reason, the output-voltage waveform should besynchronized to the mains, when this last is present.system are listed below (see Fig. 5):3)Nevertheless, as we state before, the conventional droopmethod can not satisfy the need for synchronization with theutility, due to the frequency variation of the inverters, whichprovokes a phase deviation.To obtain the required performance, we present a transientP-w droop without frequency-deviation in steady-state,proposed previously by OUT in [ 111w=o -mP (5)where is the active power signal without the dccomponent,which is done by. -I t -1sP= p ,( s + t - ' ) ( s + o , )being zthe time constant of the transient droop action.The transient droop function ensures a stable frequencyregulation under steady-state conditions, and 'at the sametime, achieves active power balance by adjusting thefrequency of the modules during a load transient. Besides, toadjust the phase of the modules we propose an additionalsynchronizing loop, yieldingo=w'-m%k,A$, (7)where A$ is the phase difference between the inverter and themains; and k, is the proportional constant of the frequencyadjust. The steady-state frequency reference w* can beobtained by measuring the utility line frequency.The second term of the previous equality trends to zero insteady state, leading tow = w' - k4($ -@'), (8)being $and $* the phase angles of the output voltage inverterand the utility mains, respectively.Taking into account that w = d $ / d t , we can obtain thenext differential equation, which is stable fork, positived$ *dt dt- + km$ = - + k,$' . (9)Thus, when phase difference increases, frequency willdecrease slightly and, hence, all :he UPS modules will besynchronized with the utility, while sharing the power drawnto the loads.IV. CONTROLLIEMRP LEMENTATIONFig. 5 depicts the block diagram of the proposedcontroller. The average active power P , without the dccomponent, can be obtained by means of multiplying theoutput voltage by the output current, and filtering the product........................................................................................io",.LSj'nchronirorion loop.......................................................................................Fig. 5. Block diagram of the proposed controller.using a band-pass filter. In a similar way, the averagereactive power is obtained, hut in this case the output-voltagemust be delayed 90 degrees, and using a low-pass filter.In order to adjust the output voltage frequency, equation(7) is implemented, which corresponds to the frequencymains drooped by two transient-terms: the transient activepower signal term; and the phase difference term, whichis added in order to synchronize the output voltage with theac mains, in a phase-locked loop (PLL) fashion. The outputvoltageamplitude is regulated by using the conventionaldroop method (4).Finally, the physical coupled inductance can be avoided byusing a virtual inductor [17]. This concept consists inemulated an inductance behavior, by drooping the outputvoltage proportionally to the time derivative of the outputcurrent. However, when supplying nonlinear loads, the highordercurrent-harmonics can increase too much the outputvoltageTHD. This can be easily solved by using a high-passfilter instead of a pure-derivative term of the output current,which is useful to share linear and nonlinear loads [I 1][12].Furthermore, the proper design of this output inductance canreduce, to a large extent, the unbalance line-impedanceimpact over the power sharing accuracy.v. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTARELS ULTSThe proposed control scheme, (4) and (7), was simulatedwith the parameters listed in Table 1 and the scheme shownin Fig. 6, for a two paralleled inverters system. Thecoefficients m, n, T, and kv were chosen to ensure stability,proper transient response and good phase matching. Fig. 7shows the waveforms of the frequency, circulating currents,phase difference between the modules and the utility line,and the evolution of the active and reactive powers. Note theexcellent synchronization between the modules and theACmiiinr 4 j. ...L...I.P...S...1... ..........................B...u...n...r.r..r..e..s... ................................... iFig. 6. Parallel operation oftwa online UPS modules,mains, and, at the same time, the good power sharingobtained. This characteristik let us to apply the controller tothe online UPS paralleled systems.Two I-kVA UPS modules were built and tested in order toshow the validity of the proposed approach. Each UPSinverter consisted of a single-phase IGBT full-bridge with aswitching frequency of 20 kHz and an LC output filter, withthe following parameters: 1. = 1 mH, C = 20 WF, Vi" = 400V,v, = 220 V, I50 Hz. The controllers of these inverters werebased on three loops: an inner current-loop, an outer PIcontroller that ensures voltage regulation, and the loadsharingcontroller, based on (4) and (7). The last controllerwas implemented by means of a TMS320LF2407A, fixedpoint40 MHz digital sigrial processor (DSP) from TexasInstruments (see Fig. 8), using the parameters listed in TableI. The DSP-controller also includes a PLL block in order tosynchronize the inverter with the common bus. When thisoccurs, the static bypass switch is tumed on, and the droopbasedcontrol is initiated.1640big 7 Wa\cfc)rms for twu.invencr, ;mnectcd in parallel. rpchrontred io Ihc ac mdnl.(a) Frequencics ufhoth UPS (b) Clrculattng currcni among modulcs. (CJ Phmc d!Nercn;: betucen ihc UPS a#>dth e ai mum(d) Ikiril uf the phze diNmncc (e) md (0 Activc and rcactlw pouerr "I ooih UPSNote that the iimc-acs arc deliheratcly JiNercni due in thc disiinct timuion*uni) ofthe \ inrblrr1641TABLEI.PARAMETEROSF THE PARALLELESDYS TEM.Filter Order I IFilter Cut-off Frequency I 0, I 10 I ragsFig. 8 shows the output-current transient response of theUPS inverters. First, the two UPS are operating in parallelwithout load. Notice that a small reactive current is circlingbetween the modules, due to the measurement mismatches.Then, a nonlinear load, with a crest factor of 3, is connectedsuddenly. This result shows the good dynamics and loadsharingof the paralleled system when sharing a nonlinearload.Fig. 8. Output current for the two paralleled UPS, during the connection of Bcommon nonlinear load with a crest factor of 3. (Axis-x: 20 mddiv. Axis-y:5 Mdiv.).VI. CONCLUSIONSIn this paper, a novel load-sharing controller for parallelconnectedonline UPS systems, was proposed. The controlleris based on the droop method, which avoids the use ofcontrol interconnections. In a sharp contrast with theconventional droop method, the controller presented is ableto keep the output-voltage frequency and phase strictlysynchronized with the utility ac mains, while maintaininggood load sharing for linear and nonlinear loads. This fact letus to extend the droop method to paralleled online UPS.On the other hand, the proposed controller emulates aspecial kind of impedance, avoiding the use of a physicalcoupled inductance. Th.e results reported here show theeffectiveness of the proposed approach.
电气专业是我国理科院校中都会开设的一门专业，电气类专业(包括电气工程和自动化等相关)就是关于电气(有必要解释一下电气：电气并不是电器，它包括了所有的用电的设备。我国也有很多专门研究电气工程的专家和学者，为人们的生活和工业发展都带来了很大的进步。我国也有很多电气专业的期刊，为工程师提供了一个良好的交流平台，很多评审高级职称的工程师都会选择核心期刊投稿，核心期刊对文章的质量要求是比较高的，那么电气专业论文发表技巧有哪些呢?1、要明确读者对象。要解决“为谁写”、“写什么”、“给谁看”的问题。要考虑生产和社会需要，结合当前我国的有关技术政策、产业政策、考虑自己的经验和能力。若是为工人师傅写出的，应尽量结合生产实际写得通俗一些，深入浅出，易看、易懂。2、要充分占有资料。要写好技术论文，一定要掌握足够的资料，包括自己的经验总结和国内外资料;要对资料进行充分的分析、比较，加以消化，分清哪些是有用的，哪些是无用的，并根据选择的课题和命题拟出较详细的撰写提纲，包括主次的分类、段落的分节、重点的选择、图表的设计拟定、顺序的排列等。3、要仔细校阅。初稿完成后，不能算定稿，论文必然存在不少问题;如论文格式、表述方式、图的画法、公式的表述、名词术语、字体标点、技术内容、文字表达及文章结构等方面要进行反复推敲与修改，使文字表达符合我国的语言习惯，文字精炼，逻辑关系明确。除自审外，最好请有关专家审阅，按所提的意见再修改一次，以消除差错，进一步提高论文质量，达到精益求精的目的。以上就是一些电气工程论文撰写的技巧和需要注意的一些问题，总结的比较简单，如果您需要详细专业的指导服务的话可以联系本站客服给您安排专业的编辑老师，这样的话您的文章也可以很快发表出来，不会耽误职称评审的时间。电气工程论文发表期刊推荐：《电气自动化》《电气自动化》(双月刊)创刊于1979年，由上海电气自动化设计研究所有限公司、上海市自动化学会主办。刊载电气自动化方面的科学研究和应用技术论文，设有控制理论应用、电气传动和自动控制、微电脑应用、模糊控制、网络与通信技术、现场总线技术、仿真技术、PLC应用、实用电路、软开关及电源技术、计算机网络与通信、现总线控制、可编程控制器应用、故障诊断与容错控制、综述、数据库设计、智能控制技术、CAD/CAM、经验交流等栏目。读者为自动电子动手术、计算机应用等专业的科研技术人员及大专院校的师生。
我有一篇我本科毕设的小论文，英文中文都有，而且是我人工翻译的，8000字左右。你要的话PM我。我是电气工程及其自动化专业的。《Analysis of thyristor-controlled phase shifter applied in damping power system oscillations》
什么意思？要英文的？题目要汉语翻译？
ieee在太空、计算机、电信、生物医学、电力及消费性电子产品等领域中都是主要的权威。ieee发表多种杂志，学报，书籍和每年组织300多次专业会议。可以说如果发表一篇ieee论文在电子技术和信息科学方面是很巨大的成功。
ieee是一个组织，全名电气和电子工程师协会，在全球各国都有一定数量的会员，在我国国内多个城市也设有分会，电气和电子工程师协会出版有70多种期刊杂志、论文集和图书，因此ieee论文发表也是国际学术论文发表的一个类型。
ieee论文发表尤其适合电气工程和电子工程技术人员发表论文，应该说只要专业对口，就可以选择ieee发表论文，ieee专业针对性比较强。ieee出版广泛的同级评审期刊，是主要的国际标准机构。
ieee制定了全世界电子和电气还有计算机科学领域30%的文献，另外它还制定了超过900个现行工业标准。每年它还发起或者合作举办超过300次国际技术会议。ieee由37个协会组成，还组织了相关的专门技术领域,每年本地组织有规律的召开超过300次会议。
ieee期刊是什么级别?首先，我们要清楚ieee的含义，ieee不是一个检索工具，而是一个组织，全称是电气和电子工程师协会，是一个全球公认的专业学会，并且是国际上最大的非营利性学会，ieee制定了很多电气电子行业的标准规范，同时也检索很多本专业的期刊、会议、文献。
ieee期刊严格来说可以分为两类，一类是学术性期刊，统称journals，另一类是letters，也就是快报类型的期刊，这两类期刊都是可以发表学术论文的，不同之处在于journals适合发表长篇学术论文，letters适合发表短篇学术论文，还有一类是技术性期刊，主要发科普类或应用类的文章。
ieee期刊的选择与一般期刊的选择准则是一致的，与自己专业相符，还需要关注期刊的影响因子，ieee检索收录了本专业内很多高质量期刊，因此期刊的选择范围还是比较广的，作者可以通过ieee xplore数据库系统筛选适合自己的期刊。
ieee制定了全世界电子和电气还有计算机科学领域30%的文献，另外它还制定了超过900个现行工业标准。每年它还发起或者合作举办超过300次国际技术会议。ieee由37个协会组成，还组织了相关的专门技术领域,每年本地组织有规律的召开超过300次会议。
IEEE包含哪些期刊?学术期刊是IEEE检索的一类，除了学术期刊以外，IEEE还检索各类专业书籍、学术会议、论文集，还包括各个分会的会刊也会检索收录，所以IEEE从名称上看是一个组织协会，实际上是一个综合性很强的学术检索工具。
除了上述内容，IEEE召开会议、出版期刊杂志、制定标准、继续教育、颁发奖项、认证等内容都是IEEE的主要职责内容，IEEE检索的刊物书籍基本都是电子电气领域的出版物，这些刊物与其他检索系统检索刊物可能会有所重合，比如某个刊物同时被IEEE、SCI检索，或者同时被IEEE、SCI、国内核心期刊检索。
这类刊物的发表难度是非常高的，本身IEEE就是电气电子领域中学术价值比较高的检索系统，这类刊物也比那些仅被单一检索系统检索的刊物更具发表价值，IEEE从发表学术论文角度来说专业针对性是比较强的，作者如果不是电子电气专业的人员是不适用于IEEE的，另外，IEEE由于每年举办三百多场学术会议，因此也是非常适合发表会议学术论文的。
不单单是IEEE检索的刊物，检索的会议或者论文集可能也会与其他检索系统重叠，比如学术会议被IEEE和EI同时检索，所以IEEE本身与其他检索系统没有特别明显的界限与好坏之分，只要是被这些检索系统检索收录的期刊或者会议或者其他类型的文献载体。
维修电工技术是学生专业课学习中重要的实践教学课程，具有理论与实践相结合，综合性、专业性、实用性强等特点。这是我为大家整理的电工技师职称论文，仅供参考!
维修电工技术教育探讨
【摘 要】 维修电工实践教学是高职院校教学活动的一个重要组成部分，也是高职院校电力专业所必修的课程。维修教学的重要性地位，其原因主要是在于维修电工实践教学具有实践性、综合性的特点，而且维修电工实践教学对于提高高职院校学生综合能力具有十分重要的作用。目前市场上中高级维修电工的人才缺口很大，因此本文就高职院校维修电工实践教学的必要性做了探讨，而且给出了具体的实践教学改革方案。只有充分重视高职院校维修电工的实践教学，才能培养出社会所需、适应企业发展的一线技术岗位人才。
【关键词】 高职院校 维修电工 实践教学 必要性
一直以来，高职院校维修电工的实践教学都是一门很重要的课程，而且是高职院校必须设立的一门课程。高职院校维修电工实践教学之所以重要，主要在于其可以将学生书本的知识与各类机械电子设备的实践操作相结合，可以让学生初步掌握一些机械电子设备的使用。而且学生们通过学习这门课程，进而参加国家劳动保障局的考核，如果通过考核就可以获得由国家劳动保障局颁发的中高级维修电工职业资格证，为毕业后的就业打下良好的基础。因此，本文主要对高职院校维修电工实践教学的必要性做了分析，旨在为高职院校维修电工的实践教学提供指导。
1 维修电工实践教学现状分析
1.1 维修电工实践教学的必要性
通过对近几年高职院校维修电工实践教学的调查分析，可以看出：很多高职院校维修电工专业的学生对于强电方面的认识很少，且仅仅局限于书本知识。而且很多学生存在着畏惧心理，因此很有必要在高职院校中开展维修电工实践教学。高职院校的办学宗旨就是“培养应用型人才”，因此在高职院校开展维修电工实践教学，不仅是当前社会就业状况对于高职院校的要求，同样也是高职院校自身办学宗旨的现实要求。更主要的是：对高职院校维修电工开设实践教学，不仅可以使学生们在实践中认识机械电子设备，而且可以使整个高职院校维修电工的教学更加系统和连贯，摆脱过去单一的教学模式，从而呈现出一个整体性的特点。而且一些高职院校维修电工专业的学生有报考“维修电工技能等级证”的意愿，通过在高职院校开展维修电工实践教学，可以为这部分学生打下良好的学习基础，对学生毕业后就业提供了很大的帮助。
1.2 目前高职院校维修电工实践教学中存在的问题
1.2.1 实践教学的模式不适应教学要求
目前高职院校维修电工的实践教学仍然停留在传统的教学模式中，即以教师为中心，即使是实践教学，也依然未能摆脱传统的教学模式。目前高职院校的维修电工实践教学还是遵循此步骤：老师通过各种教学工具先把大量的理论知识灌输给学生，然后再通过演示和操作，让学生们观察各种机械电子设备的工作情况。这种教学模式虽然比起以前单纯的课堂教学有所进步，但仍旧没有太大的创新，本质上依然没有突破书本知识的限制，对学生的思维发展还是存在着一定的束缚。
1.2.2 实践教学的设备落后且更新缓慢
由于部分高职院校实践教学的经费不足，加之一些高职院校的领导对于实践教学的认识不够，导致预算对于实践教学投入不够，因此一些高职院校的实践教学设备存在着老化落后的问题。很多的教学设都备已经被淘汰了，而且一些设备还存在着损耗零件没有及时更换的问题。这些都会严重影响高职院校的维修电工实践教学。而且通过在这些设备上进行实践教学，其所得出的结论与当前生产一线的联系不够紧密，导致学生没法通过实践教学了解最新的机械电子设备的发展情况，学生对先进技术的运用也没有一个整体的把握，从而严重地影响了高职院校维修电工实践教学的教学效果。
1.2.3 实践教学内容与当前行业前沿技术脱节
目前很多高职院校的实践教学还存在着“师傅带徒弟”的现象，很多时候的实践教学成了教师把经验传授给学生的过程。而且一些教师对行业前沿技术了解的也不够，即使很多教师在专业知识上很过硬，但是他们对于现代企业对于员工综合素质的要求了解的不够。职业教学归根结底是要落实到就业上面，高职院校维修电工实践教学的目的也是为了提高学生在实际工作中职业技能，而目前的高职院校维修电工实践教学还是存在着一些教育要求与社会需求有所脱节的地方，这也是广大的高职院校维修电工实践教学工作者应该格外关注的地方。
2 传统的维修电工实践教学的优缺点
对于高职院校维修电工的实践教学，我们将其分为两大部分：应知部分以及应会部分。顾名思义，应知部分可以理解为学生对于理论知识体系的掌握情况，而应会部分则是指学生在实践操作方面的能力，即将理论知识应用于实践的能力。
传统的高职院校维修电工实践教学并非一无是处，其最大的优点就是应知部分的效果较为明显，即学生对于理论知识的掌握情况较好。由于传统的实践教学是教师分工进行教学，各个专业的老师将其擅长的理论知识详细地讲解给学生们，整个教学过程思路清晰、教学手段成熟、活动开展难度小，学生如果认真学习了教师所讲的专业知识，其维修电工专业考试的通过率往往很高。但传统教学模式的缺点正如上文所说，很多学生在经过实践学习后，对于应试技能往往有很大的提升，但是当学生真正走向社会，走上工作岗位的时候，他们会发现，自己通过实践教学所掌握的知识往往不能适应企业的要求，遇到新的机械电子设备时，还是无法进行熟练操作。
3 高职院校维修电工实践教学的探索以及改革方案
3.1 对实践教学内容的升级以及优化
高职院校在开展传统维修电工实践教学的同时，增加一些新的内容，最简单、直接的就是增加一些新的教学案例，尽量减少甚至是不提倡传统教学案例，这也就在无形之中增加了教师的教学难度，教师需要结合课堂的实际情况以及学生所学专业、个人学习能力等方面，将新的教学案例有机融入于传统的维修电工实践教学中。如当前很多企业使用的单片机以及变频技术就是很好的教学案例，需要广大一线从事高职院校维修电工实践教学的教师们，善于研究新的机械电子设备、认识新情况、解决新问题，将传统理论知识与教学方法与新技术、新设备的教学案例有机结合，创造出一种既富有理论性，同时又与前沿技术相接轨的教学方式。同时，要求广大教师改变单一模块讲解的教学模式，真正实现教学模块的综合化、现代化以及智能化。所以单就此点来看，企业在操作机械设备的过程中所产生的问题，也同样具备复杂性、综合性的特点，不能单就一点进行研究。 3.2 维修电工实践教学目标及评价制度的改革
当前高职院校应该对维修电工实践教学的目标进行改革，要转变以往的唯证书论，要将培养人才的目标定位为实用型人才，而不是应试型人才，一切高职院校维修电工实践教学的目标都要围绕着学生的就业，从学生在就业中所遇到的热点和难点出发，不断改进实践教学方式。不仅要改革高职院校维修电工实践教学的目标，还要对整个实践教学的评价制度加以改革，只有改变了实践教学的评价制度，才能从根本上将实践教学的重心从应试型转移到实用型。实践教学评价制度的改革，并不意味着对于理论知识的不重视，而是基于职业教育的特点，从维修电工的实践工作出发，需要制定科学有效的职业教育培训计划。高职院校维修电工实践教学目的在于提高学生对于实际工作中新型机械电子设备的掌握程度，从而更好地适应企业对于维修电工的要求。对于高职院校维修电工实践教学的评价制度，应该有这样的认识：当前的教学评价已经不再仅仅以一味追求考证通过率作为标准，而是根据学生毕业后其在企业中的胜任率以及毕业生的就业率来制定实践教学的评价标准。而且，今后的高职院校维修电工实践教学评价制度必将更加多元化，包括学生职业技能的提高程度、学生对授课教师的满意程度以及企业对于毕业生的满意程度等等。同时，其参考的依据也必将更加的多元化。
3.3 高职院校维修电工实践教学方式的改革
目前高职院校维修电工的实践教学仍然是运用传统的多媒体手段，将多媒体手段与实验室实训相结合。对于高职院校维修电工实践教学方式的改革，可以尝试引入效果很明显的项目式教学法。项目式教学法即把学生从传统的课堂及实验室解放出来，让学生更多接触实实在在的电气企业，安排学生到当地一些知名的电气企业进行参观学习，了解其工程项目，通过学生自身的看、听、问，加上指导教师从旁进行指导，更加直观的掌握机械电子设备的工作原理以及维护常识，而且学生在这种教学模式下还可以学到很多以往教学方式中学不到的知识，如对一些机械电子设备常见的电气故障进行处理的方法，了解其故障表面下的深层次原因。从而积累更多的实践经验，在毕业后的实际工作中就会更加的得心应手、游刃有余。
3.4 通过技能大赛促进维修电工实践教学的改革
对于广大的高职院校来说，可以在条件允许的情况下，适当举办一些技能大赛，通过举办这些技能大赛，既丰富了广大师生的学习生活，又可以选拔出优秀的骨干教师以及学生，通过这些优秀教师和学生的分享，可以促使学生更加积极的进行知识技能的学习，更加重视高职院校维修电工的实践教学和学习。通过大赛，分析自身对于机械电子设备掌握的不足，了解兄弟院校的教学发展，达到互通有无、切磋交流，从而实现共同进步。与此同时，还可以尝试让一些当地知名企业来赞助这些技能大赛，这样对于企业来说，可以选拔人才、扩大知名度，对于高职院校来说，可以达到向企业推荐优秀人才，展示自身教学成果的目的，所以可谓是一举两得的好事。
4 结语
对于高职院校维修电工实践教学的必要性，本文做了较为详细的分析，并且提出了改革方案。高职院校维修电工的实践教学工作应该围绕着“从课堂出发、立足于实际操作”这一原则。实行理论与实际相结合的一体化教学，让学生真正从维修电工实践教学中学到知识与技能，让学生真正能够掌握一技之长，为今后毕业生走向社会，适应工作岗位打下坚实的基础。从而为社会主义现代化建设作出贡献。
参考文献：
[1]罗庚兴，宁玉珊.高职中级维修电工实训教学改革研究与实践[J].职业教育研究，2011.
[2]陈艳玲.维修电工专业实习课的教学改革探讨[J].商情，2010.
[3]刘伯乐.《维修电工技能训练》的教学方法初探[J].中国教育发展研究杂志，2010.
项目来源：教育部重点课题。项目编号：090181108。
作者简介：程秀玲(1980―)，女，内蒙古四子王旗人，硕士研究生，讲师，主要研究智能控制。单水维(1980―)，男，河北衡水人，硕士研究生，工程师，主要研究新材料的开发及应用。
维修电工技术应用探讨
【摘 要】维修电工技术是学生专业课学习中重要的实践教学课程，具有理论与实践相结合，综合性、专业性、实用性强等特点。“理实一体化”教学模式重视实践能力的培养，符合中职学生的学习认知规律，是适应中职学校教学特点与培养方向的教学模式。
【关键词】理实一体化 维修电工 中职教学
机电一体化专业的应用领域已延伸到了各行各业，比如家电产品的控制、汽车、车床、照明系统等，都和机电一体化专业密切相关，它被广泛应用于工业、农业、国防等领域，在社会各项事务中发挥着巨大的作用。《维修电工》传统的教学模式是理论教学和实践教学分开进行的，学生先学习维修电工理论部分，再统一由实训指导老师带到实训室进行技能操作训练，理论与教学的分割导致理论基础差的学生对理论的学习缺乏兴趣，积极性不高，同时不能很好的把理论知识充分理解、掌握，进而应用的到技能操作训练中，导致教学效率不高，教学效果欠佳。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣和增强学生的认知能力，探索了“理实一体化”教学模式并应用于《维修电工》课程教学实践中，以下是笔者学校在《维修电工》教学中“理实一体化”教学的一些做法。
1实现教师的角色转变即以“教师为中心”转变为“以学生为中心”
传统的教学模式是“师本教育”，但在《维修电工》“理实一体化”教学模式中要以学生为中心，改变以往学生被动接受知识的学习方式，教师要承认并了解学生已有的知识经验，并引导学生从原有的知识经验中“生长”出新的知识经验。
其次，教学的过程不应该只是知识简单呈现和传递的过程，而是知识的处理和转换的过程，作为教师应当有意识的引导学生参与教学过程的各个环节，让学生成为教学过程中的主人，逐渐让学生懂得如何自主学习，培养学生的认知能力和学习能力。
2 实现教学方法由“多讲少练”向“精讲多练”的转变
心理学研究结果表明：听与看远远不如动手操作给人留下的印象深刻，对于《维修电工》课程的学习，更是如此。传统的教学课堂上，学生很少有机会动手练习，其学习效果也就可想而知了。“理实一体化”的教学模式就是提倡“精讲多练”，给学生更多动手的机会，在实践中学习知识，总结经验。要求老师能够做到能尽量让学生动手操作的就让学生亲自操作，能以练带讲的就只练不讲，必须要讲的就要“精讲”，即做到：讲重点、讲联系、讲规律、讲迁移。比如在教授电动机“起―保―停”控制电路接线内容的时候，由于学生刚学习了“点动控制”电路，两部分内容变化不大，很多学生完全有能力通过自己预习的知识把“起―保―停”电路接出来，那就可以完全让学生动手操作，只有在确实遇到困难的时候予以指导，最后对所学内容进行总结就可以了。学生在学习的整个过程中经历了摸索、挫折、改进，最终完成任务，这使得他们对知识的理解更加透彻，记忆更加深刻，且增强了学生学习的兴趣和主动性。
3实现从注重教学结果转向注重教学过程的转变
传统课堂教学存在“重结果、轻过程”的弊端，只重视知识的结论，让学生死记硬背，而忽略知识的来龙去脉，这样会导致学生一知半解，降低教学质量。“理实一体化”教学模式要求教师在教学中把重点放在揭示知识形成的过程上，让学生通过感知―概括―应用的思维过程去发现真理、总结规律。比如在教授《维修电工》中小型三相异步电动机拆装部分内容时，不但要让学生掌握如何顺利的将三相异步电动机拆卸、组装的技能，还要在拆装的过程中严格规范学生的每一步操作，讲解安全操作的重要性并对每一个拆下的零件进行结构、原理和功能的介绍，强调操作过程的重要性。学生通过了解电动机内部结构和功能原理，知道为什么要以这样的流程拆装，加深了对知识的记忆和对电动机的认知，同时为今后学习电动机的相关知识打下了良好的基础。
4以项目为引领的维修电工“理实一体化”教学
“理实一体化”教学如果仅仅停留在边教边做的程度上，那还不能充分发挥这种教学模式的优势和体现专业的特点。《维修电工》课程的学习过程中往往能够制作出具有一定功能的实物或者完成一个系统的操作流程。针对这一特点，师生可以通过共同实现一个完整的项目来开展教学活动，从信息的收集、方案的设计、任务的实施到最终的评价，都由师生共同负责，学生通过任务的完成，了解并把握整个过程以及每一环节的基本要求。通过这种教学方式，学生的学习兴趣大大提高，促进团队意识和独立工作能力的培养。但切记，并不是所有内容都适合以项目为引领的“理实一体化”教学，因为这种教学方法具有要求高、准备工作繁重;对学生迁移运用能力要求高;占用时间多等特点。所以“理实一体化”教学模式要有一定的灵活性，应用适合学习内容的教学方法方能取得更好的教学效果。
5实现评价模式单一化到评价模式多元化的转变
传统教学以学生学业成绩作为评价的唯一尺度，而对于中职生来说，没有升学的压力，如何掌握技能，进而在毕业的时候具有更强的社会竞争力是中职学习的最重要目标。所以，对中职生的评价就不能只停留在学业成绩的好坏上，要从评价模式的单一化转变为评价模式的多元化。可采用理论评价和实践评价相结合，开卷考核与闭卷考核相结合的方式进行评价。具体可以从以下几个方面实施：一、加强平时测验，利用刚上课几分钟的时间，通过闭卷答题或提问的方式，对学生进行测试，测试内容重点为维修电工课程的基本概念、原理等重要知识点。二、期末考试成绩包括理论知识考核和技能操作考核，可以参考的比重为理论占百分之四十，技能操作占百分之六十。三、将维修电工中级工技能鉴定成绩，计入综合成绩考量。四、不应只注重考试结果，技能操作过程中的良好操作习惯，学生的社会能力和创新能力的体现等都是衡量一个好学生的重要标准。
“理实一体化”教学模式提高了学生对本课程学习的兴趣，培养学生的动手能力和社会实践能力，激发了学生的创造能力，使学生更能适应人才市场的需求，具有更强的社会竞争力。必须指出的是，当前“理实一体化”教学模式还不够完善，还需要教师在实践中不断总结经验，加以完善，不断探索，提高理实一体化教学的科学性。
一篇论文，要有100到200字的摘要，3到6个的关键词。然后你再按照中图分类给你的文章分类。至于正文，不超过5000字，不低于3000字。正文一般格式如下：① 绪论（或引言）：绪论的内容主要介绍本研究领域国内外研究现状，提出论文所要解决的问题以及该研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的实用价值与理论意义。 ② 正文：正文是论文的核心部分，呈现研究工作的分析论证过程。正文的总体要求是：实事求是、论据充分、逻辑清楚、层次分明、文字流畅、数据真实可靠。 ③ 结论：结论要求明确、精练、完整、准确，阐述论文创造性成果或新见解在本领域的意义（应严格区分本人的研究成果与导师或其他人科研成果）。 ④ 参考文献：参考文献的排列按照学位论文中所引用的文献顺序列在正文末尾。
近年来，我国电气技术不断提高，在建筑工程中的应用也越来越广泛，给人们的日常生活带来极大的便利。这是我为大家整理的电气职称论文，仅供参考! 电气职称论文篇一 建筑电气中的低压电气安装技术 摘要：随着我国经济的发展，城市化进程的加快，住宅小区建设项目越来越多。低压电气设备是建筑工程中基础性设施，关系到人们的日常生活，必须做好施工质量的管理。低压电气安装工程一般工期较长、工序复杂、受到多方面因素的影响，在施工过程中涉及到交叉施工，因此，必须进行科学合理的安排，提高施工技术，才能有效的保证低压电气安装的质量。 关键词：建筑;低压电气;安装 近年来，我国电气化安装技术不断提高，在建筑工程中的应用也越来越广泛，给人们的日常生活带来极大的便利。但是，低压电气安装技术比较复杂，专业程度较高，施工中还涉及到多种交叉施工，因此，做好建筑低压电气安装技术的研究，对促进建筑行业的发展具有非常重要的现实意义。 1、低压电气安装工程特点的概况 重视预防工作，严把质量关。由于低压电气安装过程中容易受多种外在因素影响，每道工程环节存在诸多质量隐患，因此要重点加强预防工作，严把施工质量关，确保工程施工进度和安装质量达到工程要求。影响因素多，综合性强、涉及面广。建筑工程低压电气安装工程具有工种繁多、工期进度长等特点，也就决定工程必然面临着影响因素众多、施工综合性强、牵涉面广的问题。工期长工种复杂。施工之前，要做好接地网、管线铺设等前期土建工程，并开展焊接工作;该工序完成后，进入到设备试机阶段，全部工程竣工之后还要对电气系统进行总调试，再由有关部门进行最后的竣工检测验收。该工序阶段要涉及到土建、设备安装调试、工程质量验收等多个工种。 2.建筑工程低压电气安装技术 2.1 充分领会图纸的设计意图 施工图纸是保证施工正常开展的前提条件，只有在充分熟悉施工图纸的基础上，才能够组织有效的施工活动，及时发现问题并迅速解决，促进工程施工活动顺利开展。一般而言，电气系统具有种类繁多的设备和管线配置。在开展电气工程施工之前，要做好施工图纸的审阅工作，尤其是设计中的变更部分，要逐一进行扫描。 2.2 电柜、电箱和配电盘的安装技术 电柜、电箱和配电盘安装的施工技术，主要包括以下事项：(1)施工人员在进行电柜、电箱和配电盘安装时，不仅要对安装位置进行准确定位，而且要确保内部线路的正确连接，从而保证整个电力设备的安全运行。(2)在制作电柜、电箱和配电盘时，要选用不可燃材料，保证安装牢固，各类技术参数指标处于正常状况。(3)箱内元件的分布要按照图纸结构而定，严格进行各个相序间的划分，线路界面必须严格按照图纸进行操作。(4)电柜、电箱和配电盘的金属框架及基础型钢要确保接地正确，设置相应的可开启门。门和框架的接地端子间要选择裸铜线连接，同时配备相应的电击保护，抽出式配电柜推拉需要保持正常动作。(5)电柜、电箱和配电盘内线路整齐没有交接无序现象，导线间应紧密连接，没有断股和伤芯线现象。(6)漏电保护装置的动作电流设置合理，以免引起安全事故。 2.3 管件预埋的安装技术 作为建筑工程低压电气安装的重要内容，管件预埋和焊接的质量至关重要，然而在实际操作中，由于施工人员技术参差不齐，容易发生错埋、漏埋或者是没有安装图纸和施工规范要求进行管件的制作埋设。具体说来，管件预埋的施工技术包括如下方面：现场施工人员要对预埋件敷设的部位、数量、规格型号等与图纸进行认真核对，仔细检查钢管防腐、管口处理和焊接等;管间的连接、弯扁度、弯曲半径、过线盒和接线盒要符合相关规定;对设备基础、接地装置和接地网的施工质量进行检查;对接地网的接地电阻进行测量，对不满足设计要求的部位，采取增加接地极数或其他补救 措施 。 2.4 接地装置的安装技术 要按照建筑工程低压电气的施工图纸进行接地装置的分布，接地电阻值应该符合标准的设计要求。埋设防雷接地的干线时，经人行通道处埋地深度要大于1m，同时在管道上方敷设沥青。接地模块顶面埋地深度要大于0.6m，接地模块间距大于模块长度的3～5倍，其埋设基坑通常是模块外形尺寸的1.2～1.4倍，并且在开挖深度内做好各项指标记录。接地模块要保持水平或垂直就位，同时把握好各个上层间的接触距离。对接地模块的引线进行集中处理，用干线将接地模块并联焊接成一个环路，干线的材质与接地模块焊接点要保持一致。当进行暗敷操作时，在抹灰层内的引下线设置固定装置，明敷操作时引下线不能弯曲，要尽量实现平整的放置，用油漆做好支架焊接位置的防腐工作。 2.5 电线导管和线槽敷设的安装技术 电线导管和线槽敷设的施工要点包括：金属电缆导管和线槽必须接地或者是接零可靠。钢导管和金属线槽不能够熔焊跨接接地线，连接处需要使用专用接地卡固定跨接接地线，并且两卡间铜芯软导线截面大于4mm2。非金属导管采用螺纹连接时，连接处两端跨接接地线。防爆导管不能使用倒扣连接，金属导管严禁对口熔焊连接。当绝缘导体在砌体上剔槽埋设时，要采用强度等级大于M10的水泥砂浆抹面保护，并且保护层厚度大于15mm。室外埋地敷设电缆导管时，埋深要超过0.7m，并且壁厚小于2mm的钢导管不应该埋设在室外土壤内。所有管口在穿入电缆和电线后应该做密封处理。引向建筑物的导管，建筑物一侧的导管口应设在建筑物内。金属导管内外壁应做防腐处理，埋于混凝土内的到管内壁应做防腐处理。暗配的导管，其埋设深度和建筑物表面的距离要超过15mm;明配的导管，应该排列整齐，固定点间距均匀，并且安装牢固。导管和线槽在建筑物变形缝处，应该设补偿装置。 2.6 低压电气安装的协调施工技术 如前文所述，建筑工程低压电气安装中涉及的工序较多，各工序间经常会交叉施工，因此在进行低压电气安装前，应该做好各专业施工顺序的协调，正确权衡不同施工顺序的重要性，从而科学安排不同施工工种的进度。如建筑工程低压电气与土建、给排水施工间进行协调时，需要注意以下事项：(1)建筑工程低压电气安装会影响到土建工程的进度，因此在对两者进行协调时，要做好主次的把握，实现以土建为主，低压电气安装工程全面做好土建工程的配合工作。(2)建筑工程低压电气安装与给排水工程进行协调时，首先要认真比对和研究两个工种的图纸。由于这两个工种的图纸可能存在不同程度的差异，如低压电气安装的线管道与给排水作用的排水管道存在冲突时，一定要根据施工规范的要求，做好各管道的安装工作，确定好安装顺序，然后再进行安装。 3.建筑工程低压电气的调试和运行技术 当建筑工程低压电气安装工程结束后，需要对低压电气安装工程内各个元器件的运行进行考核，确保低压电气安装的有效性。具体说来：(1)成套配电(控制)设备的运行电流和电压要处于正常状态。(2)电动机应通电后观察其转向和机械转动是否正常，并且空载试运行的电机时间为2h。交流电动机在空载状态下持续启动两次，两次的断开时间在5min以上，确保电动机温度正常后方可再次启动;空载运行时，要记录电流、电压、温度和运行时间等参数，确保达到电气动产要求。(3)照明系统通电后，灯具回路控制要和配电箱回路相同，开关与灯具控制顺序也要逐一应对。 4、结语 总之，建筑工程低压电气安装工程质量直接影响工程总体质量，必须要高度重视其工程质量管理工作，希望在本文研究的基础之上，有更多的专家学者提供指导意见，切实提高低压电气安装工程质量。 参考文献： [1] __民.建筑低压电气安装工程的施工要求[J].广东建材，2009，25(7) [2] 孙坤.试论建筑工程中低压电气安装施工[J].科技与企业，2012(3) [3] 申伟华.低压电气安装质量控制措施[J].投资与合作，2011(6) 电气职称论文篇二 浅析工业电气设计中电气节能 【摘 要】随着大量节能型变压器产品的普及，有很多设计单位仍在使用S7等系列变压器。本文是笔者根据多年的工作 经验 ，从供配电系统的设计、控制系统的设计、照明系统的设计、设备的选择几个方面介绍了采取何种措施能达到节能减排的目的，实现方案的安全性、经济性及节能性。 【关键词】电气设计;电压;水平;电气节能 前言 依据调查统计资料显示：我国的国民生产总值增长率与能源消耗增长率比例为：1：1.5，但是标准的国民经济增长率与能源消耗增长率应该为：1：0.8。通过比较得出：我国的节能工作还有待提高。尽管我国地大物博，但是资源仍然不够用，因此，要实现可持续发展，就要做好资源的有效利用，其中最重要的是要做好节能计划，在安全性能、节能性等方面都要做好规划，按计划实施。 1 供配电系统的合理设计 工业电气与普通民用电气的主要区别是：用电负荷等级高，用电设备相对密集，对连续性供电的要求较高。为达到节能的效果，从以下几方面进行考虑。 (1)供配电系统的环节不宜过多，尽量做到简单可靠。过多的配电环节会造成额外的能量损耗。这也是规范规定“同一电压等级供电系统配电级数不宜多于两级”的原因。 (2)应合理选择设备的供电电压水平。同等情况下，电压水平高，损耗相对较小。如工业、企业大量使用的压缩机、循环水泵等，常采用6/10kV供电，既降低了供电线路上的电流，又减少了铜损耗，还能减少铜材的浪费。 (3)变电所应尽量深入负荷中心。大多数情况下，工业、企业内的负荷多为低压交流380V，若距离过远，为满足起动压降和运行压降的要求，增加电缆的截面，势必造成铜材的大量浪费。所以，如果厂区面积过大时，应采用合理的供电半径统一筹划，设置多个变配电装置，缩小线路的距离，降低损耗。如果有爆炸危险区存在，在满足规范的前提下，可将变电所设置在爆炸危险区外，将室内外地坪高度差提高至0.6m，就能达到降低能耗的效果。 (4)采用功率因数补偿。在工业企业中大多数用电负荷为机泵。在SH3038―2000《石油化工企业生产装置电力设计技术规范》推出后，石化装置设计人员将低压补偿取消，这种做法有欠妥当。如果补偿只设置在6/10kV侧，低压侧不进行补偿，负荷较多时配电变压器的数量会相应增加或变压器容量会相应增大，很容易造成额外的电能浪费。所以，应采取就地补偿原则，从设计上保证节能，可即变压器后侧进行相应的补偿，在同样负荷率的情况下，使变压器的效率提高。 变压器的合理选择：变压器是设计人员使用量最多，但又常是设计最不合理的设备之一。分以下两种情况： (1)在目前已有的大量节能型变压器产品推出的情况下，有很多设计单位仍在使用S7等系列变压器。很多电力部门往往将大城市的老变压器拆除后移至城乡结合部或乡村使用，不但造成大量电力损耗，还增加了低收入人群的额外支出费用。所以，设计人员应严把设计关，从源头杜绝再使用国家淘汰产品和落后产品变压器。尽量考虑选择损耗较小的节能型变压器，如S9、S10、S11、SC9、SC10等。节能型变压器在制造铁心的硅钢片、铁心的制造工艺上都有较大的改进，有利于减小变压的空载功率损耗。 (2)变压器的容量和数量也与节能有关。工业企业由于用电要求较高(多数为一、二级负荷)，所以在设计时一般总会按照互为全备用(即单台变压器的负荷率不超过50%，由两台变压器承担用电负荷)的思路。可以对一、二级负荷采用互为全备用的方式，对于三级等负荷，完全可另设变压器，将变压器的负荷率提高到75%左右，这样虽然增加了变压器的数量，但变压器总容量降低了，减少了部分无功损耗和有功损耗。当然，增加变压器的台数也会造成损耗和建筑物面积的增加，各种因素要综合考虑才能达到最佳效果. 2 控制系统的合理设计 在工业企业生产装置和生产线上往往有集散控制系统或者可编程逻辑控制器参与逻辑控制，是为了提高系统自动化程度，减少人工成本。在以往的设计中，为了减少一次性生产成本投入而减少DCS点数，将应控制的起动和停止由一个继电器输出控制。如采用1个继电器接点控制，则DCS采用的不间断电源(Uninterrupted PowerSource，UPS)容量往往会比采用2个继电器控制时的UPS容量大，即使增加了输出I/O卡件，也能达到很好的节能效果。 采用两个继电器的控制方式优点如下：如果装置第一次是在开起现场，当顺利开起后，转换开关在旋转的过程中运行的设备不会停止;而选择1个继电器输出控制设备起停时，转换开关在旋转的过程中运行的设备会停止。 3 照明系统的合理设计 工业、企业电气照明设计并没有民用建筑照明设计复杂，但是在装置中同时使用的灯具量大。 (1)过去通常采用的灯具为汞灯、钠灯、金卤灯，这些灯具在工矿企业当中使用量大、面广，也发挥了其应有的作用，但在新兴光源的推出后逐渐失去了原有的主导地位，光效低、寿命短、功率因数低，起动时间长等缺点，已经不能满足现代石化企业的照明要求。所以，现在推出了电磁感应灯、LED灯等光源，这些已能完全满足用户的要求，如表1所示。虽然价格稍高，但随着推广，费用会逐渐降低。 表1 各种光源参数对照表 注：参照《工厂常用电气设备手册》和厂家样本。 (2)过去对光源的控制不能达到节能的效果。如采用适当的措施，如光控、时控、稳压输出等，则每年可以节约大量的电能。 (3)新的照明设计标准对节能部分进行了增加，对主要功能建筑物的功率密度值进行了限制，如GB500342004《建筑照明设计标准》的第6.1.2～6.1.7条中对于“高于或低于规定表格内的照度值时，照明功率密度应按比例提高或折减”的相关条目就充分体现了我国对照明节能上的重视。 4 科学选取设备 机汞是工业及企业的主要用电负荷。尽管电气专业人员不负责选择机汞，但是仍然能够在设计准备时期给出较科学的意见。假如所选的电机功率较大，可以提高运转时的安全性，但是在轻载和空载时由于要消耗较大的电能往往导致工作效率低，因此可以对此类电动机安装变频调速器，既可以提高工作效率，还可以更加节能。 5 小结 总而言之，电气设计人员要尽心尽力地完成设计工作，从安全性能、节能性、经济性等多方面进行研究，最终选取科学的供配电规划，进一步改善计划后，投入实施，在提高社会效益和经济效益上面尽自己的一份力量。 参考文献： [1]王兆安，刘进军.电力电子技术(第五版) [M] .北京： 机械工业出版社， 2011.6.看了电气职称论文的人还看了：1. 变电站职称论文 2. 电气工程师学术论文 3. 电气专业论文范文 4. 电气自动化论文精选范文 5. 电气论文范文
什么意思？要英文的？题目要汉语翻译？
最好投SCI收录的国际会议，比较容易录用，我就刚有一篇被录用了。
我有一篇我本科毕设的小论文，英文中文都有，而且是我人工翻译的，8000字左右。你要的话PM我。我是电气工程及其自动化专业的。《Analysis of thyristor-controlled phase shifter applied in damping power system oscillations》
Fire FightingAlong with the our country economic development rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repair needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stricter request. In order to guarantee the people life and property the security, the fire auto-alarm system design has become in the high level civil construction design one of most important design contents. Presently based on the author fire of auto-alarm system design overseeing work in the high level civil building experience, proposed in present national related standard and standard unclear true detail shallow opinion, by for the colleagues to discuss and to point out mistakes.First, design basis The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Therefore, first should be clear about the following design basis: 1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard positive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be suitable" the meaning.2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard, earnestly treats the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishmentFire detector establishmentOpens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search coverage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the fire prevention, therefore should install the fire detector. Regarding common elevator in front of room although is not the personnel disperses , but this front room and the lift well are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be also easy to gather or to flow, suitably alone divides the search coverage and installs the fire detector. The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the difficulty and the present situation, the electric cable shaft installs the fire detector is extremely essential, and coordinates the shaft the fire protection separation request, each 2 ~ 3 or each level installs.The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator is the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air vent, the between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten the elevator machine room the facility. Therefore, the elevator machine room establishes the fire detector is necessary, crown of also suitable establishment fire detector lift well.2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the button first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to report to the police the button.In the public active place (including hall, hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to reports to the police the button distance from a fire protection district any position not to be supposed to be bigger than 30 meters".3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishmentThe aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathroom place emergency to broadcast the speaker.The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker. Disperses the stair hall also is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with the fire prevention, also the sounds of people are confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broadcast the speaker, by favors the fire emergency broadcast to disperse the instruction.4th, fire alarm installment establishmentThe establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unification to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from the ground 1.8 meters highly5th, fire special use telephone establishmentInstalls the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which related also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, discharges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty officers observation room, the security manages spot and so on public room. Sedan of theater box the fire elevator and in the ordinary elevator all should suppose the special use telephone, requests the elevator machine room and the elevator sedan theater box, the elevator machine room and the fire control room, the elevator sedan theater box and the fire control room and so on three compositions is reliable to speaks the correspondence telephone system. Usually in fire control room; The establishment elevator monitoring demonstration plate (including position indicator, direction indicating lamp, to speaks correspondence telephone, trouble lamp and so on), in order to carries on the necessity to the elevator running status which in the surveillance and the emergency case controls.Is equipped with the manual fire to report to the police position and so on button, fire hydrant button also should install the fire special use telephone receptacle.Third, fire linkage control 1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. When the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp). 2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malfunction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; In order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should use the belt electric signal the control signal valve by to demonstrate it opens the condition. 3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present national related standard and the standard specific stipulation.Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiringIn order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, electric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use the being flame-resistant electric cable, and should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. The fire manual positive governing installment line should use the fireproof electric cable, its electric cable also should use the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking protection. Uses Ming Fushi, should takes the fire protection protective measures on the metal tube or the enclosed metal trunking.Fifth, concluding remarkThe author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring pulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the property safety.消防 随着我国经济发展快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，城市使用是每天着急，敦促建设面临着发展的方向。这种高层次的民间建筑维修所需的材料和方式也更加多样化加快，而且随着使用电力负荷和煤气消费量扩大，提议消防自动报警系统设计较高，更严格的要求。为了保证人民生命和财产的安全，消防自动报警系统的设计已经成为在高级别民间建筑设计的一个最重要的设计内容。目前的基础上撰文火灾自动报警系统设计监督工作的高层次的民间建设的经验，建议在目前国家相关标准和标准不清楚真正详细浅见解，为同事们的讨论，并指出错误。 首先，设计依据 火灾自动报警系统的设计是一家专业非常强的技术工作，同时还具有很强的政策性。因此，首先应明确以下设计依据： 第一，必须紧紧抓住的建筑设计防火标准，该系统的设计标准，标准的设备制造，安装施工审批标准和管理的法律和规章等五大方面的消防法律法规，并在实际了解国家有关本标准和标准积极字： “必须” ， “必须假定” ， “不适合” ， “可能”和反面词： “严格禁止” ， “不应该” ， “没有” ， “不适合“的含义。 第二，必须着眼于高层次的民间建筑的功能，利用和保护对象的防火等级，认真开展本标准和国家有关标准，认真对待公安防火监督部门的审批意见。 其次，火灾自动报警系统设备的建立 建立火灾探测器 要么全打开的印章或楼梯大厅应单独划分搜索范围，每个2 〜 3建立火灾探测器。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防前面房间烟雾楼梯大会堂来用场）和过道应区分单独划分搜索范围，特别是前面的房间，以及电梯，分散楼梯大厅和走道都是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾比较容易收集或流动，是人员分散保存目标与防火，因此，应该安装火警探测器。关于共同电梯前室虽然不是人员分散，而且这方面的空间和良好的电梯是相互关联的，有时间的火灾烟雾也很容易被收集或流动，适当地划分为单独的搜索覆盖面和安装消防探测器。 电缆轴因此很容易形成掏出烟炎症渠道，拥有火灾时的火强度不容易延伸沿电缆燃烧，为此， “高级别民间建筑设计防火标准”和“民用建筑电气设计标准“分别提出了详细具体的规定，在建筑和在电线或电缆塑造。但认为具体实施的难度和目前的情况下，电缆竖井安装了火灾探测器是非常必要的，坐标轴的防火分隔要求，每2 〜 3或每一级安装。 电梯机房应安装火灾探测器，它的电梯是重要的垂直交通工具，其两个电梯机房已具有火灾危险性，其存在的三个基本解除以及打开洞，像打开闸门的水平之间的球洞，在气孔，持久的关系打开了洞与电梯机房或滑轮等，其时，有四个火，升降机以及往往成为火灾强度传播渠道，很容易危及电梯机房设施。因此，电梯机房建立了火灾探测器是必要的，也适用于皇冠建立火灾探测器举井。 2 ，手动火警报警按钮建立 （包括防前面的烟雾楼梯大厅鉴于各层前房间前面的房间，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时人员驱散节省目标，防火，应立即向警方举报的按钮，首选地点设立手动火警。此外，该室也应建立防火手册的共同电梯前，向警方报案的按钮。 在公共活动场所（包括会堂，礼堂，餐厅，多功能厅等）和主要通道等场所，是所有工作人员非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应立即向警方举报的按钮，在这些公共活动场所主要通道设立手册火灾;该手册规定的火灾中的主要通道报警按钮，以保证“ ，以手动火警最接近报警按钮距离防火区的任何位置不应该超过30米。 “ 第三，消防紧急广播喇叭建立 走道，大厅，餐厅等公共场所的工作人员都非常集中，主要是分散的渠道。因此，应该按这些公共场所的“最近的一项发言距离不超过25米的防火保护区的任何位置”和“在走道上不应大于十二点五米扬声器的过道末端距离”建立消防应急广播喇叭;下一步还应当建立消防在公共浴室的地方紧急广播喇叭。 第一个房间（包括防前面的烟雾大厅楼梯前室，消防电梯间，消防电梯防这些烟雾楼梯大会堂派上用场前室）是有火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也有分离和防火门的声音，人民的混乱和嘈杂，因此，应建立消防应急广播喇叭。在前面的共同电梯房也应建立消防应急广播喇叭。分散大厅楼梯也已经火灾时的人员驱散节省目标与防火，也是人民的声音和嘈杂的混淆，因此应建立消防应急广播喇叭，由主张消防紧急广播驱散指令。 第四，建立火灾报警装置 建立消防应急广播火灾自动报警系统，笔者认为还应该安装消防报警装置，但它的控制程序应该是：该报警器应确认火灾后，利用手动或自动控制模式统一消防相关区域传输预警，报警器停止工作时间的规定，迅速联系消防应急广播和电视节目，并且分散了人们的指示。 火警警报装置建立的立场，笔者认为应该向警方报案的按钮位置的手动火警是相同的，它的墙面安装应为距地面1.8米高度 第五，消防专用电话设立 安装消防专用电话分机电话，应设机房其中也涉及一些人是在工作地点经常与消防联动控制（包括消防给水设备，备件发电机房，火柴变电站，主要ventilates空调引擎室，排放烟气轮机室，防火电梯机房及其他） ，消防控制系统的经营场所或设备的控制室，消防责任人员观察室，现场的安全管理等公共空间。轿车的影院中消防电梯和普通电梯应假设所有使用的特殊电话，请电梯机房和电梯轿车影院中，电梯机房及消防控制室，电梯轿车影院方块和消防控制室等三个成分是可靠的讲通信电话系统。通常在消防控制室;建立电梯监测演示板（包括位置指示器，显示方向灯，以讲信函电话，麻烦灯等） ，以进行必要的电梯在运行状态的监视和紧急情况下的控制。 配备了手动火警报警位置等按钮，消火栓按钮，还应该安装消防专用电话插座。 第三，消防联动控制 第一，消防联动控制应包括控制消防泵开启，停止，也应表现出的按钮，打开泵的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。当消火栓设有消火栓按钮时，其电气安装工程现场也应表现出的消防泵的工作模式有效状态（即建立消防泵工作表明灯） 。 第二，消防联动控制应包括控制喷洒水和水雾化灭火系统打开，停止，也应表现出的消防泵的工作和故障和流利显示，报警阀，安全信号阀工作模式积极的地位。此外，该盆地，水箱水位也应进行示范监测;为了防止检修信号阀关闭，作者认为应该使用带电信号控制信号阀证明它打开条件。 第三，消防联动控制其他控制和示范作用，应进行本标准和国家有关标准的具体规定。 第四，火灾自动报警系统布线 为了防止火灾发生时，消防控制，通信和警戒线遣散，使灭火工作无法进行，造成了更大的经济损失，也为抑制electronmagetic干扰（例如变压器，电电机，电缆等）的影响而产生的火灾自动报警系统。火灾自动报警系统的输电线路和消防控制，通信和预警线应使用被阻燃电缆，并应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。消防手册积极理事分期付款行应使用防火电缆，其电缆也应使用金属管或封闭式金属线槽保护。使用明复，应采取防火保护措施的金属管或封闭金属trunking.Fifth ，结论备注 作者取决于具体的项目实施经验，阐述了设计依据，火灾自动报警设计和实际问题，以便建立系统设备，消防联动控制及其接线拿出一些肤浅的意见，其目的是增强了火灾自动报警系统的设计质量，早期发现，并通知消防，预防和减少火灾危害，通过保护个人和财产安全。
我有一篇我本科毕设的小论文，英文中文都有，而且是我人工翻译的，8000字左右。你要的话PM我。我是电气工程及其自动化专业的。《Analysis of thyristor-controlled phase shifter applied in damping power system oscillations》
Electric Automation 电气自动化ELECTRIC AUTOMATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION DEVICE The invention relates to an electric automation device comprising a control unit that is controlled by a computer. In order to create an automation device that can be set to predefined functions in a particularly flexible manner while requiring less testing, a computer hardware component (2) is provided with control software comprising a basic functional area which includes an operating system (3), a device driver (4), and communication modules (5) so as to form a basic automation device (1) while the basic automation device (1) is complemented with any application modules (7a, 7b, 7c, 8, 9) that can be connected to the basic functional area via a software interface (6) in order to obtain the automation device. The invention also relates to a method for producing or adjusting the functions of such an electric automation device. 电气自动化专业介绍一、专业概况 随着高新技术的发展和生产自动化程度的提高，我国国民经济发展，正在和继续需要大批技术应用型实用人才。电气自动化技术是现代制造技术中不可缺少的重要技术门类，也是一个国家科技实力乃至综合竞争力的综合反映，在工业发展中具有前导地位。电气自动化技术，集机、电、计算机、信息处理等多学科于一体，是多学科相互交叉、渗透、结系淖酆涎Э疲�诠�窬�媒ㄉ柚姓加兄匾�牡匚弧R虼耍�梢运档缙�远��际跏嵌ヌ炝⒌氐氖乱担�枪�窬�梅⒄购腿嗣裆�钏�教岣叩奈镏侍跫�� ?br> （一）、培养目标本专业培养德、智、体、美、劳全面发展，具有良好职业道德和综合业务素质，具备较强的创新意识和创业能力，掌握电气自动化技术、计算机控制技术的基础理论，能在生产、建设、管理、服务第一线从事常用电气自动化设备、常用电气设备、供配电系统和装置、计算机控制系统、PLC控制系统的安装、调试、运行和维护的实用型高技能专门人才。 （二）、培养要求及职业能力分析 1、培养要求：本专业主要学习电气自动化的专业技术知识，应具有较强的本专业技术应用能力。 2、职业能力分析 （1）具有良好的身体素质、职业道德和人文素质，较强的语言文字表达能力和一定的社会交往能力及继续学习能力。 （2）具有较强的用英语进行人际和人机交流能力，具有阅读和翻译本专业有关英文资料的能力。 （3）具有较强的在信息化社会中工作、学习、生活所必备的计算机应用能力；熟练使用电子电气CAD软件；掌握一门程序设计语言。 （4）具有分析和测试常见的电工电子线路，能设计一般电工电子应用线路，能熟练使用常规电工电子仪器、仪表，具有熟练的电工基本操作技能。 （5）熟悉常用低压电器的基本原理及使用；能熟练阅读电气控制线路的原理图与接线图；具有对常规电气设备、供配电设备等电气控制系统进行安装、调试、维护能力。 （6）具有正确选用、安装、调试、维护电力电子装置和典型交、直流调速系统的能力。 （7）具有熟练的可编程控制器应用能力。 （8）具有以嵌入式计算机数字控制技术为核心的新技术基本应用能力，对相应控制系统具有调试维护能力。 （9）具有对一般的机械零件图、产品装配图与机械、液压和气压传动系统回路的识读能力，了解常用机械设备的结构特点及工艺过程，了解常见的机械和电气的配合关系。 （10）了解企业管理的基本知识，具有一定的质量意识。 （三）、课程设置 课程设置共分五部分：公共必修课、专业必修课、专业限定选修课、专业选修课及公共选修课。 1、公共必修课包括：思想道德修养、法律基础、邓小平理论、马克思主义哲学、体育、英语、高等数学、计算机操作基础等。 2、专业必修课包括：电工基础、模拟电子技术、数字电子技术、电机及拖动基础、机械制图及公差、机械工程基础、嵌入式计算机原理及应用、C语言程序设计、自动检测与转换技术、现代电力电子技术、可编程序控制器应用、自动控制原理与系统、C语言、工厂电气控制技术、电子电气CAD、变配电技术、变频调速原理与应用、工业控制网络、DSP原理与应用及专业英语等。其中主干课程为：电工基础、模拟电子技术、数字电子技术、电机及拖动基础、嵌入式计算机原理及应用、自动检测与转换技术、现代电力电子技术、可编程序控制器应用、自动控制原理与系统等。 3、专业限选课包括：计算机控制技术、工业自动化仪表、控制电机、智能控制等。 4专业任选课包括：电工电子工艺、多媒体技术、楼宇自动化、计算机系统仿真、计算机维修、程序设计（VB）等。 5、公共选修课包括：包括两个能力模块：经济管理科学类和人文与社会科学类。 （四）、实践教学环节 1、专业主要实践教学包括：电工实验、模拟电子技术实验、数字电子技术实验、电机与电力拖动实验、可编程序控制器应用实验、嵌入式计算机原理实验、现代电力电子技术实验、电工基础课程设计、电子技术课程设计、嵌入式计算机原理课程设计、可编程序控制器应用课程设计、自控系统课程设计、综合系统实训、金工实习、电工电子实习、专业参观、综合生产实习、毕业设计等。 2、非专业实践教学包括：入学教育、军训、暑期社会实践、社团活动、体育活动、文艺活动等。 （五）、职业技能证书 本专业证书包含三个方面： 1、公共必修证书：PET、计算机一级证书。 2、专业必修证书：CAD初级、维修电工中级。 3、任选证书：CET四级证书、计算机三级证书(单片机方向）、CAD中级证书、维修电工高级证书、气液电控制技术。 （六）、本专业师资力量 学院拥有一支学术造诣高、教学经验丰富、实践能力强的师资队伍。电气自动化技术专业现有师资26人，其中副高职称以上有17人，“双师型”教师10人。能够满足公共基础课、专业基础课和专业课的理论及实践教学的需要。 二、职业前景 1、对口行业 电气自动化技术是传统而具有新内涵的专业，本专业培养拥护党的基本路线，德、智、体、美等全面发展，具备从事电气自动化技术所需要的理论知识和职业技术能力，主要在生产、建设、服务和管理等第一线工作的高级技术应用性专门人才。本专业的毕业生可就职于国防、航天、航空、航海、铁道、机械、轻工、化工、电子、电力、电信、钢铁、石油、矿山、煤炭、地质、勘测等广泛的工业、农业、科学研究领域，也可就职于现代物流及现代服务业。 2、就业前景 在上海市经济委员会的《上海制造业战略升级的行动纲要》中指出：加快推动制造业的战略升级是贯彻党的十六大精神，坚定地走新型工业化道路，实现向制造业强国转变的国家战略需要，也是上海建立新型产业体系，提高城市综合竞争力，坚持“四个中心”的客观要求。上海制造业战略升级的重点包括：高新技术产业重点发展电子信息和现代生物与现代医药制造业；交通运输设备制造业重点发展汽车、轨道交通、船舶、民用飞机；装备制造业重点发展大型成套设备、电站设备、新能源和新型环保设备制造业；原材料制造业重点发展石油化工和精细化工、精品钢材制造业；生产性服务业重点发展制造业物流、技术服务等产业；大力发展就业广、清洁型的都市型工业。根据电气自动化的内涵，上述产业无不包含电气自动化技术，同时也对电气自动化技术专业的人才提出了更高的要求。据上海市政府组织的《面向新世纪上海紧缺人才需求趋势与开发研究对策》的报告显示，复合型技术人才是紧缺的专业人才，而电气自动化技术专业是培养复合型技术人才的有效载体。可以预见在未来数年内，电气自动化专业毕业生就业前景良好。
Welding Automation Research in the engineering school is largely focused on problems involving sensing, modeling, and control of welding processes, i.e., welding automation. Faculty and students from electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and material science are involved in the welding automation research. The overall objective of this research is to provide both greater productivity and enhanced quality for welding in the manufacturing environment.http://eecs.vanderbilt.edu/researchgroups/weldingautomation
推荐你参考以下期刊：《电气应用》《机械传动》《科技通报》《液压与气动》《制造业自动化》