论文开题报告翻译模版

发布时间：2023-12-09 11:45:15

论文开题报告翻译模版

论文的开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料，论文的开题报告的字体以及各式等方面都有一定的要求的。下面是我为大家整理的论文开题报告的字体格式要求的内容，希望能对大家有所帮助。

1.论文(含开题报告和文献翻译)用A4纸单面打印，页面设置：左边距、右边距、下边距均为厘米;上边距为厘米。页眉、页脚均为2厘米。论文(含任务书)及附件装订成一册，一式两份。

2.页眉从正文开始。页眉左端顶格为论文标题，论文标题用宋体五号字。若为开题报告或文献翻译则在标题后面加上“/开题报告或/文献翻译”。右端右对齐为页码，用五号阿拉伯数字。

3.正文(含开题报告和文献翻译)用宋体小四号，应当达到15000个字左右。非汉字均用Times New Roman体。字间距设置为“标准”，段落设置为“单倍行距”，所有段落开头均缩进2个字。数学公式用斜体，按章节编号，如第2章第3个公式为(2-3)，并与段落右边线对齐。

4.每一章另起一页，章节采用三级标题，用阿拉伯数字连续编号，(例：1，，)。章名为一级标题，位于一页的首行居中，用黑体小二号，段前距为0磅，与紧接其后的文字或二级标题间距为12磅。二级标题用宋体四号，左对齐，断前距12磅，段后距0磅。三级标题用黑体小四号，左对齐，段前距12磅，段后距0磅。

5.图表要有名称，表名位于表的正上方，用宋体小五号粗体。图名位于图的正下方，用宋体小五号粗体;图表按章节编号。例如：表为第2章第7个图表;图3-1为第3章第1个图。图表不要跨页。凡引用的图表，需在图表名后用相应的中括号〔〕加以标注，(如：〔1〕)。这里的标注号应与参考文献的序号为同一个号。

6.封面及任务书等由学生到(校图书馆一楼)装订处购买，封面不得复印。并在装订处装订论文。

7.除封面外，第一页是任务书，任务书下达时间是：按申请写作时间。

第二页是中文摘要(至少150字)。“摘要” 两字为黑体小二号，居中，设置段前为102磅，段后为12磅。内容用宋体五号字。 “关键词”三个字用黑体小五号，缩进2个字，后面的内容用宋体五号，一般用3-5个词组即可，中间用逗号分隔，结束时不用标点符号。关键词与摘要相距12磅(即设置段前12磅)。中文摘要用罗马数字编制页码，位于页面下方居中。

第三页是Abstract(至少500印刷字符)，“Abstract” (用Times New Roman 粗体小二号)，内容用Times New Roman 五号。Keywords用Times New Roman 粗体小五号，后面的内容用Times New Roman五号，与英文摘要内容同样相距12磅。英文摘要顺延“中文摘要”页用罗马数字编制页码，位于页面下方居中。

第四页为目录。“目录” 居中，用黑体小二号，段前设置为0磅，段后设置为12磅。目录页顺延“Abstract”页用罗马数字编制页码，位于页面下方居中。

目录依次为：摘要、Abstract、正文(要求列出一、二级标题，一级标题用黑体四号，二级标题用黑体小四号)、参考文献、致谢、附件1：开题报告、附件2：文献翻译(中、英文)。页码数字用小四号。

说明：中英文摘要和目录并非正文，不要设置页眉!

8.参考文献位于正文后另起一页，与正文连续编页码。“参考文献”居中，用黑体小二号，段前设置为0磅，段后设置为12磅。参考文献主要格式如下：

书籍：[序号]作者名(用逗号分隔).书名.版本号(初版不写).出版社名，出版年，引用页码

提示：结束处不要加句号!

例：〔1〕胡玉明，高级管理会计，厦门大学出版社，2005年，第51页

期刊：[序号]作者名(用逗号分隔).题名.刊名，出版年，卷号：(期号)，起始页码～终止页码。

特别提示：凡论文中引用过的参考文献须按照顺序依次在正文引用处进行标注，标注方法：位于引用处最后一句话的句号内，具体操作：在工具栏打开格式-字体-上标。(例：如〔1〕)。

9.致谢页位于参考文献之后，与正文连续编页码，“致谢”居中，用黑体小二号，段前设置为0磅，段后设置为12磅。内容为宋体小四号字。

10.附件1：开题报告(包括研究背景、文献综述、技术路线、进度安排和参考文献五部分，各部分之间不需另起一页)

开题报告的标题居中，用黑体小二号粗体，段前距和段后距均为0磅。标题下为：专业、(准考证号)、姓名，均为黑体四号并居中。

论文开题报告的字体格式要求说明：开题报告的标题应为论文题目，而不是开题报告四个字!

论文开题报告的字体格式要求：开题报告中紧接着是摘要(只需中文)和关键词。“摘要”和“关键词”用黑体小四号，“摘要”内容用宋体小四号，“关键词”包含3至5个词组，中间用逗号分隔，结束时不用标点符号。这里摘要和关键词均不需要开头缩进。然后是正文，正文与关键词之间的距离为12磅。

论文开题报告的字体格式要求：开题报告和文献翻译中，一级标题不需要另起页，一级标题设置段前、段后均为12磅，其余格式与正文同。

论文开题报告的字体格式应该注意：开题报告和文献翻译的页码要根据正文的页码进行连续编码。

11.附件2：文献翻译(中、英文)25000个字符左右，先中文(可比照论文格式)，标题应为所翻译文章的标题，用黑体小二号粗体，居中。这里文献翻译标题下面是原文作者的(英文)姓名，用小三号Times New Roman体加粗，居中。中文译稿结束后空两行注明外文资料来源，文字内容为“外文资料来源：书籍/期刊(按参考文献格式)”，资料来源结束处不要点句号!空2格写：某某译。字体用宋体小四号加粗(非汉字均用Times New Roman体加粗)右对齐。

摘要：音乐是舞蹈的灵魂，同时舞蹈和音乐又很好地统一在一起。优美的音乐可以激发舞蹈者的灵感和想象，同时跳动的音乐节奏又可以提示舞蹈者的动作。而在舞蹈中，舞蹈者的形象也是通过和谐一致的听觉和视觉才引起人们的欣赏美感的。如果没音乐，舞蹈也就失去了生命力。由古至今，音乐是舞蹈的声音，而舞蹈是音乐的表现形式，音乐和舞蹈是紧密相连的不同的艺术，都具有一定的美学价值，而音乐和舞蹈的完美配合，又可以带给人们一场盛大的听觉和视觉盛宴。

关键词：音乐舞蹈跳跃和谐

音乐与舞蹈是紧密联系在一起的，舞蹈者优美的动作和音乐是分不开的。在不同音乐的刺激下，人的听觉通过中枢神经会做出相应的心理反应，从而引起联想。在编排舞蹈时是从音乐开始的，音乐和舞蹈结合在一起，是把舞蹈者的感情突破空间的穿透力而表现出来，让舞者身心交融进而会产生共鸣。因此，在二者的关系中，音乐是舞蹈里不可分割的一个重要部分，音乐以其多样的风格、鲜明轻快的节奏以及优美的旋律而赋予舞蹈更加丰富的艺术表现。舞蹈者在优美的音乐中展开优美的舞蹈动作，不仅可以享受美丽，而且还能够陶冶精神。同时，舞蹈者对伴奏音乐的理解也影响着舞蹈的艺术表现，所以在实际中就需要把舞蹈和音乐和谐的结合在一起，促进二者的共同发展。

一、音乐在舞蹈中的重要地位

(一)音乐可以帮助舞蹈者表达情绪，烘托气氛

音乐的加入可以很好的激发强化舞蹈的表达，如果离开了音乐，舞蹈就不能够充分的表达出感情。由于音乐的一个直接的特点就是渗入人心，因而人们在欣赏时就会经常把音乐中表现出来的感情作为自己的内心感情来体验，而舞蹈在跳舞之前就会先对音乐进行深刻的体验，所以当这种对音乐的理解与感受激发起舞蹈者内心的感情时，这种感情就会通过丰富的舞蹈动作表现出来。这样，音乐的介入，就会首先打动大众观众的感情，也让观众对舞蹈有了更深的理解。另外，音乐的丰富情感也给了舞蹈更加丰富的艺术表现，也拉近了观众和舞蹈的距离。

(二)音乐可以帮助舞蹈者组织动作

音乐和舞蹈具有相同的韵律、节奏以及情感内容，并且在展示时也是同步进行的，因此就要求二者必须做到高度的协调统一。在设计舞蹈动作之前是就必须有音乐的，而不是先有了舞蹈动作之后再配备的音乐。在舞蹈中运用的音乐主要有两种形式，首先可以是为既定的舞蹈情节与主题来创作相关的音乐，其次是可以利用现成的音乐。其中普遍采用的方法是按照音乐来编排舞蹈。例如古典芭蕾就是根据音乐的旋律灵魂来展开的动作技巧，这也称作是舞蹈音乐，主要是利用和谐匀称的音乐来展示舞蹈的动作，但是也要注意，舞蹈并不是仅仅服从于音乐的。这主要表现在，首先如果是为了专门构思的舞蹈来创作音乐，就需要根据舞蹈编导的要求来进行创作。其次舞蹈的配乐也要有选择，因为不是所有的音乐都适合于舞蹈。第三，舞蹈编导在具体编制可以根据舞蹈内容要求对音乐进行相应的修改。

(三)音乐有利于舞蹈的构思创作

由于音乐的丰富性作用，一听到音乐就很容易想起舞蹈，所以舞蹈构想也就产生了。在实际中却还面临着听到的音乐是否可以立即成为伴奏音乐。如果听见音乐就想跳舞，这是对听到的音乐触发的灵感，而这种灵感就推动去创作舞蹈动作。音乐是由时间、感情以及节奏组成的，所以就可以把音乐直接变成舞蹈来应用，所以音乐其实具有伴奏与创作的双重性特征。例如在实际中听到了贝多芬的《命运交响曲》，有人就想创作出和命运有关的舞蹈，于是就产生了《命运》舞蹈。在一定程度上，舞蹈是对音乐的形象化表现，二者是相互依存的，如果没有了音乐，舞蹈就是半成品。同时，所有的曲子都可以自由的跳，这就是根据现成的音乐对舞蹈进行的创作。

二、舞蹈对音乐的升华作用

(一)舞蹈需要音乐的节奏和旋律

音乐是一门单独的艺术形式，但是在舞蹈中的音乐，是舞蹈者对音乐的再创作，舞蹈者在听到音乐之后，根据自己的理解而进行的和音乐一致的肢体动作，就是舞蹈的音乐的诠释、表现。但是这种肢体展示并不是根据音乐中的每个音符用人体来表现出来，而是对音乐精神和情感的展现。另外，音乐与舞蹈的一个共同点就是相同的节奏，而节奏也是舞蹈与音乐相结合的重要基础。在实际中，舞蹈是需要通过音乐来加强动作的展示与情感的渲染的，在表演舞蹈时，也需要有一定的节奏伴奏。在舞蹈中肢体舞动的位移因素就是因为节奏的存在，而任何形式的肢体动作都是在经过节奏加工后才会形成比较优美的肢体动作，而这些是形成舞蹈动作的一个重要前提。音乐的变化比较快，音乐是一门时间艺术，而舞蹈却是空间与时间的艺术，舞蹈不是对音乐中每一个细微的变化做出的机械反映。舞蹈与音乐的另外一个共同点就是抒情。舞蹈与音乐都是对感情的直接表达，但是音乐的表达一般具有抽象性，因而不会对舞蹈具体的感情表达产生干扰或者是矛盾，而是可以和舞蹈有完美结合。由于人具有丰富的情感，任何一种对感情的表现都一个产生到逐渐变化的过程，尤其是把生活中的喜怒哀乐搬到舞台上，就更需要借助一定的表现形式才能把这些情感表达出来。舞蹈中产生的一切肢体动作，都需要围绕人的主体来进行，并根据自然界的规律，对肢体动作进行升华。舞蹈中的任何情绪都是编导者通过对舞蹈作品进行构思之后形成的，然后在进行一定的创编，由舞蹈演员来把握其中的感情，把要表达的情感在舞蹈中呈现、抒发出来。并在此基础上把舞蹈与音乐结合在一起，也把其中的情感结合在一起，因而在选择相应的舞蹈音乐时创作者也需要具备一定的审美能力。

(二)舞蹈中需要音乐的辅助作用

舞蹈艺术是利用肢体的运动形式来表现语言的方式，而对事物事件的发展过程也是通过肢体的移动来实现的，因而运用舞蹈语言也可以把整件事情来表达清楚，但是舞蹈艺术的表现形式却不能够把事件所处的时代背景与发生的环境表现出来。而这一点，却可以通过音乐来弥补。由于音乐具有一定的听觉特征，音乐的表现和创作形式也会留下鲜明的时代情感表现与音乐特征，同时这种时代感也会给欣赏者带来一定的时代感受，比如我们在听到《红星闪闪》、《黄河协奏曲》时就很容易联想到那一代的事情，因此音乐就很好的把舞蹈中表现的事件就做出了交代。在实际中舞蹈艺术是以音乐的节奏和比较夸张的气口来作为肢体动作切入点的。而舞蹈的韵味和感觉都是通过肢体语言来表现的，所以在舞蹈时舞蹈者就会完全释放自己的肢体，另外，舞蹈者还根据音乐的节奏来表现蕴含的情感，而根据明快的节奏舞蹈者在实际舞蹈时也会不停的变换肢体动作，利用强烈的情感张丽给观众一种舞台是空的、舞台上只存在一种情绪的感觉。同时，舞蹈又很好的结合了写意与写实，利用肢体的动态变换过程来传递信息，也通过一定的个性化肢体动作来体现情绪。

(三)舞蹈形象与音乐形象的统一

音乐形象主要是由情绪音乐的形象体育主体音乐的形象相互结合而形成的。在舞蹈的艺术中音乐其实与舞蹈的文学形象具有同样重要的地位，益音乐形象也是舞蹈的一项主心骨，如果舞蹈没有了音乐，舞蹈就会失去色彩和灵魂，所以在舞蹈中离不开音乐的衬托。舞蹈中的舞蹈形象，首先则是舞蹈的主体音乐形象。在一部舞蹈作品里主体音乐形象一般是贯穿始终的一个主要线索，而舞蹈表现的现象也是在以这个线索为中心根据相应的文学形象支配来进行拓展创作的，舞蹈中主体音乐形象是对文学形象的一个很好的诠释，因此舞蹈形象与音乐形象的统一集合就可以让观众通过看和听来欣赏舞蹈艺术，进而陶冶情操，形成美好的精神感受。另外，主体音乐形象与舞蹈音乐形象结合在一起，又可以使舞蹈的形象更加具有个性化与典型化，形成完美统一的舞蹈艺术效果。

三、结语

综上所述，舞蹈动作和音乐是紧密联系在一起的，音乐不仅可以对舞蹈的动作做出提示，还可以给舞蹈者一定的灵感启发。舞蹈中利用听觉与视觉的结合来引起艺术美感的，如果没有了音乐的配合，舞蹈表现也就失去了生命力。因而成功的舞蹈是需要音乐的配合的，有了音乐优美和谐的伴奏，就很容易点燃跳舞者的激情，把舞蹈的内涵完美的呈现出来。

参考文献：

[1]汤晓宁.舞蹈艺术与实践[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社，2009.

[2]宋小璐.音乐是舞蹈的灵魂——试论音乐在舞蹈中的重要性[J]. 文化月刊，2009，(07).

[3]慕羽.当代舞蹈编导类群的价值定位——兼谈舞蹈编导的社会责任问题[J].北京蹈学院学报，2005，(04).

[4]陈佩玲.视觉艺术与听觉艺术-论舞蹈钢琴伴奏教学的特点[J].舞蹈，2009，(04).

[5]张娟.乐者舞之魂一舞蹈钢琴伴奏艺术探微[J].西安音乐学院学报，2010，(04).

1. 论文开题报告字体格式要求

2. 毕业论文开题报告格式字体的要求

3. 毕业论文开题报告格式字体

4. 毕业论文开题报告格式要求格式

5. 论文开题报告的打印格式要求

商务英语论文开题报告范文

下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的借鉴价值。 function and application of descriptive translation studies

1 introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

2 outline

development and major concepts of dts

in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

methodolgy

i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.

It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.

According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.

Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.

II. Literature Review

Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.

With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.

Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.

I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.

Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.

In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.

I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.

In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

翻译论文开题报告

翻译学论文开题报告

开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。

1、选题意义和背景

The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.

Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.

Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.

Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.

Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.

2、论文综述/研究基础

1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.

Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.

Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.

In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.

Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.

Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.

This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.

2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.

Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.

As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.

In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.

Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。

Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。

本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。

模因论广告翻译论文开题报告

你好，这个不是固定的，你可以和导师商量一下

样的广告中，根据化妆品行业对国际知名品牌的化妆品进行的调查数据显示, 广告中有一半是化妆品广告，,消费量仅次于食品。在这种环境下, 外国的化妆品牌不断的进入我国市场, 而我国的化妆品正在尝试着走出世界。生产商想得到他们在原有市场获得的效果, 这样便出现了一个问题——如何更好的做好广告的翻译? 对此，许多学者做出了以下探究：张超在化妆品广告的翻译中指出：决定翻译过程的主要原则是翻译的目的，它决定了翻译的方法和策略。以汉斯·弗米尔（Hans Vermeer）为代表的德国功能派将翻译从“源文本”的束缚中解放出来，翻译行动中的目的与委托提出翻译行为都有目的，为翻译提供一个新的视角。化妆品广告作为一种实用文体，有很强的目的性和功能性。化妆品广告的最终目的是使消费者购买商品，为企业创造利润。目的论观照下的化妆品广告英译一文中也提到，将目的论的主要观点应用于广告文本中，能够恰当地突出广告文本的目的性，并有效地指导译者怎样使广告译文产生“预期功能”。因此，采用目的论作为化妆品广告翻译的指导理论，确实能够使其有章可循，防止出现“乱译”现象

英语翻译论文直接找北京译顶科技就行了啊，省时省力，对接也方便。

商务英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文

开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。这是一种新的应用写作文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需要而产生的。下面是我帮大家整理的商务英语专业毕业论文开题报告范文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

题目名称：商务英语谈判中的礼貌策略研究

英文题目：Politeness Principle as a strategy in Business Negotiation

学生姓名：

学号：xxx

学院：xxxx

专业年级：英语专业商务方向xx级

指导教师：xxx

职称：

一、选题的依据：

由于商务活动的需要，在世界高度一体化，国际商务活动日益频繁，中国进入WTO 的国际背景下，需要人们熟练掌握对外商务活动的原则和技巧;而商务谈判是对外商务活动的重要环节，商务谈判实际上是通过语言来进行的经济活动，其成功与否很大程度上取决于语言的应用。在谈判过程中谈判双方都希望己方利益最大化，因此双方在谈判过程中的语言表达和应用对谈判有着深远影响。得体、合适的语言表达能促进商务谈判的顺利进行。而礼貌原则作为一种语用策略是商务谈判的必要技巧，我们通过运用礼貌策略减少谈判双方的利益摩擦，缓和谈判环境，使双方在快乐的条件下获得共赢和理想的谈判结果。本选题旨在研究礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的影响及具体应用。其意义如下：

意义：1. 得体的谈吐能树立谈判者良好的文化素养和职业道德形象，是商务谈判中的润滑剂;

2.增加谈判者之间的信任度，提高谈判中的自觉性，增加谈判的成功性，从而实现经济利益;

3. 对商务谈判中礼貌原则的研究有利于对今后礼貌原则文化差异起着促进作用;

4. 对礼貌原则的研究及礼貌语言的学习、应用利于人们生活实际中的交际和商务活动，利于个人生活。

2)综合国内外有关本选题的研究动态和自己的见解

我国学者何自然认为礼貌语言实际上是一种语用策略。大量学者对语用学中的礼貌策略进行了研究。我国学者胡艳芳认为礼貌是人类文明的重要标志，是人类社会活动的一条重要准绳(2009)，普遍存在于人类的交际活动中。国内学者徐盛恒也有深入的见解他认为礼貌语言是语言交际可能涉及的各方关系的杠杆(1992)，起着调节人际关系的作用。他们的研究都说明了礼貌语言策略在人们生活交际中有着重要的作用。

国外学者对其的研究更为突出。早在20世纪50年代，美国学者戈夫曼(Erving Goffman)就提出了“面子行为理论”，建立了礼貌模式。20世纪60年代，美国语言哲学家Grice(1975)在Austin 和Searle的言语行为基础上提出了会话合作原则，该原则认为人们在所有会话中都应遵循质量，方式和相关的四准则。(1972,1973,1975,1977)在上世纪七十年代提出礼貌三规则。1978年Brown 和Levinson 提出了“面子论”。而英国语言学家利奇(Leech,1983)将语用原则分为“人际修辞”(interpersonal rhetoric)和“篇章修辞(textual rhetoric)，提出了礼貌六准则。语用学中礼貌语言策略的历史来源及国内外学者的研究为诸多学者对礼貌策略在商务谈判中作用及应用的研究有着巨大的指导意义。许多学者就Grice的合作原则及相关理论，Leech的礼貌六准则，以及Brown和Levison的“面子论”在商务谈判中的应用进行了相关研究。他们的研究结果表明礼貌原则这一语用策略不仅适用于人们生活中的交流同时在商务谈判中依然适用并发挥着重要作用。

在此基础上，本选题在浅析各位学者对语用范畴中礼貌策略研究的同时，着重研究其具体礼貌语用策略和准则在商务谈判中的影响及应用。深入探讨 Grice的合作原则、Leech的礼貌六准则(得体，慷慨，赞誉，谦逊，一致，同情准则)及 Brown和Levison的“面子论”及他的礼貌策略(积极和消极礼貌策略)在商务谈判中的应用进行深入探讨。从而说明礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的重要性。

二、研究内容

(1)主要研究内容及观点：

本选题在浅析各位学者对语用范畴中礼貌策略研究的同时，着重研究其具体礼貌语用策略和准则在商务谈判中的影响及应用。深入探讨 Leech的礼貌六准则(得体，慷慨，赞誉，谦逊，一致，同情准则)及 Brown和Levison的“面子论”及他的礼貌策略(积极和消极礼貌策略)在商务谈判中的应用进行深入探讨。

(2)论文内容提纲：

1 商务谈判的简单介绍

商务谈判的定义

商务谈判的基本原则(语言特征)

2 礼貌语言策略的介绍

礼貌的定义

相关的礼貌理论( Grice(1975)会话合作原则; Leech的礼貌六准则; Brown Levison的“面子论”等)

相关礼貌理论下的具体礼貌原则和策略

3一些语用礼貌策略在商务谈判中的应用(重点)

“得体准则”(把Grice的合作原则中的量的准则，质的准则，关系准则纳入为得体准则说明：此为创新点)

慷慨准则的应用( Leech原理)

逊准则的应用( Leech原理)

Brown Levison积极和消极礼貌策略的应用

4 总结

三、研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析

本选题的主要研究方法有文献资料法和经验总结法，以网络技术、人工智能为研究手段，采用对比分析、综合分析等方法和手段，通过对国内外学者在礼貌原则领域的见解和研究成果的对比和解析，总结出礼貌语言策略在商务谈判中的应用的重要性。

四、进程安排和采取的主要措施

：

资料收集，阅读整理资料，拟定论文研究大致方向

- ：

向论文老师申报论文题目;确定研究方向，拟定出论文大纲，积累资料

：

撰写开题报告及交予老师审核

：

听取指导老师建议结合实际撰写、修改论文一稿

：

听取指导老师建议撰写、修改论文二稿

：

听取指导老师建议撰写、修改论文三稿

：

撰写论文定稿

：

上交论文定稿

：

将论文定稿交予老师审查

—：

做好答辩准备

五、主要参考文献

[1] Brown, P. &Levinson, S., 1978, “Universals in Language Usage. Politeness Phenomena”. In . Goody(ed.), Questions and Politeness: Strateges in Social Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1978, .

[2] Grice, ., 1975, “Logic and Conversation”. In Cole &Morgan(eds.). Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts. New York : Academic Press. 1975, .

[3] Goffman,E., 1967, International Ritual: Essays on Face –to Face Behacior. New York: Doubleday and Company.

[4] Leech .G. Principle of Pragmatics [M]. New York : Longman Inc, 1983.

[5] 胡艳芳(Hu, Yanfang),积极礼貌策略在英语课堂教学中的应用[J]. 重庆工学学院学报(社会科学版)2009(1).

[6] 何自然(He, Zirran).语用与英语学习[M]. 上海外语教育出版社， 1997.

[7] 邱天河(Qiu Tianhe), 语用策略在国际商务谈判中的运用[J]. 外语与外语教学.

[8] 徐盛恒(Xu Sheng hen)礼貌原则新拟[J]. 外语学刊，1992.

[9] 熊学亮(Xiong, Xueliang).礼貌文化参数. 简明语用学教程, : 1165-170.

[10] 杨林聪(Yang Lincong)礼貌原则在商务沟通中的应用[M].长沙.国防科技大学出版社，2002.

六、指导教师意见

指导教师签名：

xx年xx月xx日

课题名称：原则和合作原则在商务英语中的

本课题的研究现状、研究目的及意义

研究现状：随着全球经济一体化进程的加速，商务英语信函在国际贸易发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。商务英语信函引起了越来越多的国内外学者关注和研究，其领域涉及翻译、词汇学、语义学及语用学。国内的，如：吴金凤的《商务英语信函的特点及翻译》;黄雪芳的《商务英语信函的词汇特征分析》;武瑞的《商务英语信函中的'语用策略研究》。国外的，如：Josephine Baker的Correct Business Letter Writing and Business English;Beam Brilliance的New Business English;Leech,S.的Principles of Pragmatics等。

从这些论文著作整理统计来看，国内外学者对商务英语信函的翻译、词汇和语用的理论性研究分析的较多，将具体的礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究分析的较少。本论文选取礼貌原则和合作原则这两大原则并结合具体实例来具体分析研究这两大原则在商务英语信函的应用。

研究目的及意义：

目的：随着世界经济和信息技术快速发展，商务英语信函已经成为对外贸易中不可或缺的重要组成部分。商务英语信函是在商务环境下，利用信函与具有不同文化背景的客户进行国际交流的行为，它是一种行业英语，是开展对外商务活动的基础和重要工具，是最常用也最有效的通讯手段之一。为提高外贸人员对商务英语信函的礼貌原则和合作原则的认识，增强他们写作商务英语信函写作的有效性，本论文对礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用进行了具体研究。

意义：商务英语信函是建立友谊、吸引客户的手段，信函中灵活运用礼貌原则和合作原则是商务活动顺利开展的内在要求和取得商务交际成功的关键，是建立和睦合作关系的基础，因此，礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究对商务英语信函的写作具有重要的借鉴意义。

课题类型：

(1)A—工程实践型;B—理论研究型;C—科研装置研制型;D—计算机软件型;

E—综合应用型

(2)X—真实课题;Y—模拟课题;

(1)、(2)均要填，如AY、BX等。

本课题的研究内容

中文题目：礼貌原则和合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用研究

摘要

1引言

论文研究的背景

论文研究的意义

2商务英语信函及语用原则简介

商务英语信函的定义

商务英语信函的特点

商务英语信函的语用原则简介

3礼貌原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用

礼貌原则简介

礼貌原则的定义

礼貌原则的特点

礼貌原则在商务英语信函中的应用

4合作原则简介及在商务英语信函中的应用

合作原则简介

合作原则的定义

合作原则的特点

合作原则在商务英语信函中的应用

5 总结

6 参考文献

本课题研究的实施方案、进度安排

实施方案：

查找有关资料，收集并整理资料，结合自己兴趣和专业与指导老师探讨后确定选题。确定论文题目，根据论文的研究方向和所得资料结合任务书中的要求，写出开题报告。编写提纲根据提纲写出初稿，根据修改后的初稿写出二稿，根据再修改后的二稿写出三稿。调整论文结构，检查错别字，编排标准格式，定稿打印。

进度安排：

20XX年1月5日上交开题报告

20XX年4月9日交初稿

20XX年4至5月论文修改

20XX年5月22日论文定稿

20XX年5月29日答辩

已查阅的主要参考文献

[1] Beam Business English [M].Beijing: Tsinghua University Press,2010

[2] Frank of Positive Politeness Strategies in Business Letters [J].Journal of Pragmatics,2010

[3] Fraster, on Politeness [J].Journal of Pragmatics,2011

[4] and Politeness: strategies in social interaction [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2009

[5] Jef Pragmatics [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000

[6] Jiang : Theories and Applications [M].Beijing: Beijing University Press,2000

[7] Jones L,Alexander Business English [M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,2001

[8] Lesikar,Raymond Communication [J].New York: Richard

[9] Analysis of Business Letters of Negotiation [J].English for Specific Purposes,2002

[10] Scheraga, English Writing Skills [J].Illinois NTC Publishing Group,2001

[11]范俊芳.合作原则和礼貌原则在英语商务信函中的研究[D].辽宁大学，2012

[12]高欢.礼貌原则应用于商务英语信函的实证研究[D].重庆大学，2007

[13]胡志雯.语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴[J].湖南大学学报，2003

[14]李亮.商务英语应用中的合作原则和礼貌原则体现[J].广西大学学报，2009

[15]刘焕明.格莱斯合作原则在经贸英语合同文本中的应用[D].延边大学，2009

[16]梅庭军.合作原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].考试周刊，2012

[17]吴金凤.商务英语信函的特点及翻译[D].上海外国语大学，2006

[18]王晓英杨靖.商务英语写作教程[M].东南大学出版社，2004

[19]武瑞.商务英语信函中的语用策略探究[D].山西财经大学，2010

[20]赵军.商务英语语用特征研究[D].西华大学，2012

[21]周瑞琪.语用原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用[J].广东外语外贸大学学报，2007

题目：

On the Characteristics & Translating Skills of English Advertising(英语的特征和翻译)

选题依据及研究意义：

随着经济全球化的进一步加快，国际经济的进一步发展带动了广告业的腾飞，英语广告翻译日益成为翻译学研究的重要组成部分，广告翻译的发展对国际贸易的发展不言而喻。广告是商战中的有力的武器，广告英语是一种专门用途的英语，他与普通英语有着较大的差别，本文结合大量的实例，从广告英语的语法特点、句法特点和修辞特点三方面分析了广告英语的特点，并浅析了其翻译策略。英语广告翻译作为翻译学的一个新的领域，引起了众多的翻译工作者和研究人员的注意，发展仍然不够成熟和完善，这篇论文正是针对这一系列的问题提出了英语广告的特点和英语广告的翻译策略等重要意义的课题。从而为英语广告的翻译提供了有效的途径，为众多的翻译工作人员提供了重要的借鉴，同时也推动广告业及广告翻译事业的长足发展。

选题的研究现状：

对于商务沟通中的策略，曾有两语言学家提出过。

美国语言学家格莱斯于1967年提出的礼貌被称为“合作原则”。此原则中，会话双方需要共同遵守的原则包括数量、关系、质量和方式几个准则。有了“合作原则”，交易双方所说的话就不会逻辑混乱，说话者和听话者能顺畅沟通，以达到成功交际的目的。20世纪80年代，在合作原则的基础上，英国语言学家利奇又提出了著名的“礼貌原则”，其主要内容为：通过减少自身利益，使对方从中获得更大利益的方式获得对方好感，推进合作，使对方从中获得更长远的利益。

总而言之，“合作原则”和“礼貌原则”都是要求商务信函中要坚持礼貌策略，以达到维护交易各方地位均等、关系友好的目的。

拟研究的主要内容：

1.礼貌、礼貌原则和商务英语的表达原则;

2.商务英语信函的写作原则

3.礼貌原则在商务英语写作中的具体应用;

4.商务英语信函语言表达形式中礼貌的表现。

研究的创新点及重、难点：

（1）本研究的创新点：本研究立足于商务贸易间来往，提出了不容忽视的礼貌策略，符合现代商务沟通的基本准则，有利于更好的撰写商务英语信函，促进贸易。

（2）本研究存在的主要问题：参考文献的局限性以及信函中的创新概念，避免千篇一律。

研究的进程安排：

20XX-1-15——20XX-2-15 确定选题，收集资料，撰写开题报告

20XX-2-16——20XX-2-18 撰写初稿

20XX-2-19——20XX-2-20 完成二稿

20XX-2-21——20XX-3-1 定稿

主要参考文献：

[1] 曹顺发，冯波，国际商务英语谈判[M].沈阳：辽宁教育出版社，2001.

[2] 彭林霞，黄莉：商务电子邮件与传统商务信函中礼貌策略的对比分析[J].温州大学学报，2006第19卷第5期：49-56.

[3] 秦晓杰：英文商务信函中的“合作”和“礼貌”[J].西安外国语学院报，2001第9卷第4期：11-14.

[4] 曹菱，商务英语谈判[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001.

[5] Brown G&Yule,G Discourse Analysis,Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Reserch Press

[6] Bilbow G for

翻译方向论文开题报告模板

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

翻译英译中论文开题报告

英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文

以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

翻译专业开题报告

开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。

How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation

I. Purpose and Significance

II. Literature Review

III. Feasibility Analysis

This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:

have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.

have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .

have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in

translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.

have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.

instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.

IV. Problems of the research and solutions

1. Problems

2. Solutions

(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.

(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.

(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.

V. Necessary conditions

1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.

2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.

3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.

VI. Outline

I. Introduction

A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation

B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis

C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation

1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English

2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure

II. The Principles of Ellipsis

A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works

B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test

C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident

Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis

A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression

B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression

1. Ellipsis of Articles

a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles

2. Ellipsis of Prepositions

3. Ellipsis of Pronouns

a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns

b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns

c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns

4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions

a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions

b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions

5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric

a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words

b. Ellipsis of Synonyms

选题的原因、基本内容：

论文开题报告翻译模版