He was awarded his PhD for a thesis on industrial robots.
他凭一篇研究工业机器人的论文获得博士学位。
Please write an abstract of this article 〔 thesis 〕.
请写一份这本书〔这篇论文〕的`摘要。
Your thesis wouldn't get across if you used too many technical terms in it.
如果你用了过多的专门术语，你的论文就不会被人理解。
He is writing his doctoral thesis in electrical engineering.
他在写关于电气工程学的博士论文。
药物药理学文献：Abstract: detoxification Vitamin Tablets (approval of the text: State Yao Zhunzi Z20026566) is a composition of compound ingredients Shisan Wei, head of its function as "Qingrejiedu, replenishing liver and kidney. Heat for leukemia drug Yung-sheng, liver and kidney Card and a lack of radiotherapy and chemotherapy-induced blood cells to reduce Dengzheng "In order to better guide clinical treatment, according to the symptoms of such disease and the characteristics of the drug, focusing on 27 and retrieval of leukemia related to pharmacology literature, and all experiments And the use of oral compound related to administration, including oral mice, gavage and in vitro experiments, the compound used in medicines and Shi Sanwei the experimental leukemia treatment. The results showed that: Liuwei with killing leukemia cells, with 10 flavor increase immune function, improve the shamisen with hematopoietic system, Bawei can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and the taste of the two anti-fatigue effect. This is the "antidote Viacom film" The clinical application provided further evidence. Key words: "detoxification Vitamin Tablets", pharmacology, leukemia, immune function, blood system, pathogenic microorganisms, anti-fatigue, Summary Leukemia is a malignant hematopoietic system diseases. Characterized by bone marrow or other blood organizations, the WBC and a series of naive cells unrestricted dysplasia (known as leukemia cells). Invasion of the body organs and blood into the liquid, caused clinical manifestations and the surrounding blood leukocyte change. In order for patients suffering from the early, according to "Quxie, centralizer, to improve efficiency, and detoxification" Pharmacodynamic study of requirements, we antidote to Viacom-prescription medicines Shi Sanwei in the composition of the 627 study of literature, summed up the specific Are as follows: • anti-tumor effect (A), the Northeast "Guanzhong": the extract on a variety of transplanted animals inhibited the tumor, research shows that the Guanzhong B is part of an effective anti-tumor. Films detect oxygen electrode, Guanzhong B P 388 significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate of leukemia cells, mitochondria may be its anti-tumor effect of a target cell [1]. Northeast Guanzhong extract of the Northeast Guanzhong suppression of DNA synthesis, Lewis lung cancer in mice and P 388 leukemia effective. The compound used in the "Mian Ma Guanzhong" to the same family belong to the substitutes, and has since been contained in the 2000 Pharmacopoeia. (2), Qingdai: its active ingredient indirubin has anti-tumor activity, is on the clinical treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) of effective drugs. Use of radionuclide tag (3 H-TdR, 3 H-uR, 3 H-leucine), respectively incorporation of the tumor DNA, RNA and protein research shows that the method, indirubin can inhibit the slow tablets and tablets of urgency Patients with leukemia cells, W 256 solid tumors in rats, mice liver and ascites EAC cancer cell synthesis of DNA metabolism, a slight suppression of RNA synthesis, protein synthesis no significant impact [3-5]. (3), Hedyotis diffusa: its crude preparation, in vitro only in high concentration under the EAC cancer, leukemia Yoshida sarcoma and a variety of cancer cells inhibited [6-8]. (4), Scutellaria barbata: Blue Screening test-tube experiments show that the tablets cell acute leukemia (AML) have mild blood cells inhibited use of respirators screening experiments show that the blood cells of AML inhibitory rate of more than 75 % [9]. (5), Wumei: The main ingredients of this compound for chronic, such as cervical cancer tumors have a certain effect, to further confirm the anti-tumor activity on its composition and role of an effective mechanism, it was the people of the original giant leukocyte (HIM eg ) And human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL 60) for the study, conducted in vitro. Counting from living cells and cloning experiments can be seen its rate of water and alcohol extracts of the HIMeg and HL 60 cells have a direct role in inhibiting the growth [10]. (6), artesunate: The row with law and in vitro cloning research artemisinic acid and derivatives of the four artesunate B - compounds A, B, C, D on a variety of cell lines cytotoxicity. When the four kinds of compounds concentration of 5 μ g / ml, its P 388 mouse leukemia cells inhibited the rate of more than 85% [11]. Artemisinic acid (Ⅰ) of hydroxyl in the derivatives after a ene-a-lactone of a pair of six Central to the poor vary purchase of (Ⅱ, Ⅲ), Ⅱ after a reduction in a heterogeneous in Ester (Ⅳ, Ⅴ), Ⅱ further oxidation in a post-hydroxy-lactone (Ⅵ). Compounds Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅵ in vitro small P 388 leukemia cells have anti-tumor activity, and Ⅰ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ no. The concentration of 10 μ g / ml and 1 μ g / ml when, Ⅱ P 388 to inhibit cell growth rate of 100% and 42%; Ⅵ inhibition rate was 100 per cent and 47 per cent [14]. • immune function of (A), Qingdai: its active ingredient indirubin 200 mg / kg sc, for 6 d, to enhance tumor-bearing rats were swallowed up by macrophages in the role of chicken red blood cells [12]. (2), Hedyotis diffusa: mice fed with aqueous extract of its crude 0, 6g (Pharmacognosy) / only to enhance the peritoneal fluid swallowed up by white Staphylococcus leukemia in the ability of [13]. Rabbit in the ability of interleukin engulfed in bacteria, fed with water decoction group than the control group increased more than three times [14, 15]. In vitro tests can enhance people in the blood of the WBC, Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis [16]. (C), Scutellaria barbata: The goods were obtained from the polysaccharides in vitro can promote the concanavalin A (ConA) spleen cells in mice induced lymphocyte transformation, the optimal concentration of 400 r / ml [17]. (4), Astragalus: decoction of 50%, / only ig, can accelerate the mice injected into the blood plasma protein marker 131 I dissection of the role that their organizations giant嗜the liver and spleen cells could enhance the role of phagocytosis [18 ]; Decoction of the goods 100% ml / only ig, can promote mice嗜phagocytic giant chicken RBC role [19]; decoction of the goods 25 g / kg ig, giant嗜will enhance the role of phagocytosis [20] ; Decoction of the goods 10 μ g / ml concentration of cell culture cancer patients, rats injected into the skin, significantly enhancing its local graft-versus-host reaction, that the goods on the T-cell immune function is to promote the role [21]. (5), Chinese wolfberry son: an ultra-dose sheep red blood cells (SRBC) immunoassay (SOI) show that the appropriate dose of old mice LBP inhibit T cells (Ts) significantly regulation, enhance the activity of Ts cells [22 ]. Through the Yc Rose and EA rosette forming the rate of confirmed LBP10mg/kg gavage to mice, for 7 d, can significantly increase the macrophage C 3b and the Fc receptor number and vitality, and can weaken into acetic acid Hydrocortisone on macrophage C 3b Fc receptor and the inhibition [23]. (6), artemisinin: its suspension 450 mg / kg ip, for 6 d, the sheep red blood cells in mice sensitized enhance the role of delayed-type hypersensitivity; 300 ~ 600mg/kg ip, Rose specific immune suppression in mice Flower forming, inhibit hemolytic plaque formation for the suspension of the , , in vitro and promote transformation of lymphocytes, immune cells that promote the humoral immunity and are inhibited [24]. (7), the LDC Fuling; the humoral immune response without inhibition, but the option of inhibiting cell immune response. Its water extract of the antigen sensitization after the attack and after treatment were significantly curbed Picryl chloride (pc) mice contact dermatitis and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by the reaction of the foot, when the role of administration after the attacks more Strong. In addition, the goods on the formation of antibodies in mice SRBC cells had no significant impact, but its hemolytic plaque clearly than the control group, at the same time, the level of serum hemolysin not decreased, and was an upward trend in [25]. Fuling compound soil water, alcohol extract of gavage can inhibit the rat egg white and Carrageenan foot swelling [26]. (8), Cistanche: decoction of oral prednisolone to enhance the low Yang mice humoral and cellular immune function [27]; enhanced single-core - macrophage phagocytosis [28]; their water extract of 50 mg / kg, 100mg/kg gavage to mice, can significantly increase the weight of the spleen and thymus, enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, increase hemolysin and hemolytic plaque value, increase lymphocyte transformation rate, 3 H-TdR incorporation The increase in lymphocytes, enhanced mice delayed hypersensitivity, but also increased peritoneal macrophages in the CAMP level, lower level of CGMP, CAMP / CGMP ratio increased, this may be its enhanced peritoneal macrophages Phagocytosis one of the reasons [29]. (9), Dodder: its extract / kg ig, for 6 d, burn mice can be enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, an increase of serum antibody hemolysin spleen cells and enhance the proliferation of ConA [30]. (10), Bajitian: Wen Jinji 64 g / kg / day orally, can minors thymus atrophy, 10g/kg / day intraperitoneal injection, the thymus atrophy is also very significant, Bajitian 50 percent ethanol extract Of 60 g / kg / day of oral also make a minor thymus atrophy [31]. Its decoction, for delivery 10 days, but can inhibit the thymus atrophy and increase the number of leukocytes in the blood of the function [32]. . Microbial resistance of the role of (1), Mian Ma Guanzhong: decoction with test-tube dilution, 1: 800 to 1: 160 pairs of various types of influenza viruses have different degrees of inhibition [33]; decoction of its chicken test in 1: 104-105 Concentration of PR8 strain of influenza A virus, A virus in Asia have a strong effect [34]. (2), Qingdai: ethanol extract g / ml concentration in vitro test for Bacillus anthracis, pneumonia bacteria, Shigella dysentery bacteria, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus are white inhibition [35]; effective Effects of one element of wool-like Microsporum, breaking the Xuanjun, red Xuanjun, floc inhibit epidermal Xuanjun, the minimum inhibitory concentration for 5 μ g / ml [36]. (C), Hedyotis diffusa: In vitro antibacterial activity is not significant, only Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella are weak role [37]. High concentrations can inhibit the water decoction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Proteus the growth of many other common pathogenic role of the weak [38]. The rabbit test appendicitis a better effect [39]. (4), Scutellaria barbata: 50% decoction with flat-ditch, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella's blessing, typhoid bacteria, pus antibacterial Green, E. coli inhibit [40]. (5), Wumei: Screening of in vitro found that inhibit a variety of pathogens such as E. coli-dysentery, typhoid bacteria, Bacillus paratyphoid, whooping cough bacteria, such as meningococcus [41-45]. (6), Astragalus: decoction of 50% / only ig, for 2 d, with parainfluenza virus type Ⅰ (Sendai) BB 1株attacks continue to take 5 d, a protective role in mice, the mice can significantly reduce Mortality [46]. Decoction of percent of their concentration. The Sindbis virus, Newcastle disease virus, follicular stomatitis virus and influenza viruses have antiviral activity [47]. (7), artemisinin: water suspension , , / embryo, the embryo infected with influenza virus A 3-Beijing Section 79 - two inhibit [48]. Agar plate method to test for Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, streptococcus B, pneumococcal the LC 50 (mg / ml) of its decoction were , , ,> 200: ethanol extract of their respective To , , , ethanol extract of goods were , , , The drug acid on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus white, enterococci, Bacillus subtilis the minimum inhibitory concentration, respectively , ,> , [49]. The flooding of soft artesunate 1: 3 concentrations in vitro on XU Lan Huang's Xuanjun, Aodu Ang's small Bacillus Xuanjun, the star's card slaves Jundeng skin fungus, have different degrees of inhibition [50 ]. (8), Bajitian: ethanol extract, in vitro to inhibit Bacillus subtilis [51]. Bajitian ethanol extract of in vitro to inhibit the hepatitis B virus [52]. . The impact of the hematopoietic system (A), Astragalus: decoction of 20 g / kg, a total of 10 d, anemia and bleeding on acetylcholine PHENYLHYDRAZINE hemolytic anemia are caused by blood can increase the red blood cells and haemoglobin, cyclophosphamide caused by the WBC and platelet reduce Promote their recovery, would increase the number of reticulocyte and the number of bone marrow cells [53]. (2), Chinese wolfberry: normal mice monthly ig10% decoction of ml for 10 d, WBC will increase. Healthy people and cancer patients taking po wolfberry nuts 50 g / d, even serving 10 d, can significantly increase the WBC [54, 55]. LBP 10 mg / () ip, for 3 d, can promote mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, increased significantly tablets single progenitor cells, promote their differentiation to the tablets [56]. (C), Dodder: the suppression of cyclophosphamide tablets progenitor cells (CFU-D) to promote the growth of [57]. . Anti-Fatigue Effect (A), Wumei: dry goods can eliminate fatigue, citric acid in the body the energy conversion process is indispensable to the material, physical fatigue in the blood lactate divided into CO 2 and H 2 O and from in vitro, thereby preventing lactic acid and muscle Protein binding, to avoid cell and vascular sclerosis [58]. (2), Cistanche: water decoction of the pharmacological experiments conducted in vitro studies showed that the inhibition of rat liver homogenate LPO and the formation of strong anti-fatigue and anti-anoxia role [59]. Decoction of gavage Cistanche mice, mice can extend the time for swimming, sports load serum creatine kinase reduce the rate of increase, indicating the increase in physical goods is on the basis of its role in the anti-fatigue [60]. Conclusion: After the "antidote Vitamin Tablets," Shi Sanwei prescription medicines in the analysis, summarized the following five aspects of the effect: 1. Shiwei drugs on immune function, namely: Qingdai, Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, astragalus, Chinese wolfberry son, artesunate, soil Fuling, Cistanche, Dodder, Bajitian. 2. Bawei Chinese medicine against pathogenic microbes inhibit, namely: Mian Ma Guanzhong, Qingdai, Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, Wumei, astragalus, artesunate, Bajitian. 3. Liuwei drugs to kill leukemia cells, namely: Mian Ma Guanzhong, Qingdai, Hedyotis diffusa, Scutellaria barbata, Wumei, artesunate. 4. Shamisen Chinese medicine on hematopoietic function, namely: Astragalus, Chinese wolfberry son, Cuscuta. 5. The fight against drug taste of the role of fatigue are: Wu Mei, Cistanche. According to this analysis, for detoxification vitamin tablets provide further clinical application of the reference. 我给你一个英文药理文献网，里面有你说需的！：
Now ,preparation enough to shower and their quality inspection. Methods orthogonal test and optimization of Matrine Kushen Shikonin shikonin in the extraction process, through UV spectrophotometry of matrine and shikonin to determine the content and matrine, Shikonin Su, salicylic acid, benzoic acid and boric acid dissolved by a certain percentage to experiment. Chemical composition analysis by TLC and test-tube experiments in the Kushen Matrine and Shikonin shikonin in the chemical composition testing. Results TLC and test-tube experiments that matrine for alkaloids, shikonin for anthraquinone. By orthogonal testing and optimal UV spectrophotometry elected from the programme. Through the dissolution of the prescription drug in the form of suspension, enough to shower the end of samples. Conclusion T concentration of dissolved choice of 95 percent ethanol as solvent. Through L9 (33) orthogonal experiment to determine the optimal extraction process, that is, from time to 30 min, the temperature was 60 ℃, alcohol concentration of 60 percent, to matrine for reference substance, with its Determination in the matrine Rate of percent. After experimental exploration, extraction by ultrasound Shikonin the best of conditions, namely the concentration of 70 percent ethanol, ultrasonic power for 400 w, feed than for the higher rate of extraction at 1:40. Preparation is simple enough to shower, to actual production, reduce energy and save time, have greater value and the development and utilization of broad market prospects. Keyword: Shikonin; Kushen; orthogonal design; TLC
The English translation of 论文 is "thesis" or "dissertation".
人工翻译，请放心采纳整体来说，药理学涵盖历史、来源、物理和化学性质、混配，生化和生理效果、作用机理、吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，以及药物治疗及其他用途的知识。因为一种药物大体上被定义为影响生命过程的任何化学制剂，药理学的学科主体显然相当广泛。可是，对于医生和医学学生，药理学的范围并不如上面定义指出的那么宽泛。临床医生主要对预防、诊断和治疗人类疾病有用的药物感兴趣，或对于预防怀孕有用的药物感兴趣。他对这些药物的药理学的研究可以合理地限制在为其合理的临床用途提供基础的那些方面。
bicyclam 双环拉胺类 （bi-cyclam, bi- 前缀， 二个的，双，复，重，二倍）coreceptors 共同受体 （core-ceptor）Cyclams 环拉胺Monocyclam 单环拉胺 (mono-cyclam，mono- 前缀， 单的，一个的）pphenylenebis ---> phenylenebis (多了一个p），我认为是phenylenebisazo (苯双偶氮基) 的缩写（pheny- 苯基的）Bipharmacophore 双药效（团）（bi-pharmacophore）covalentlycoupled 共价（共原子价）偶合（的） （covalently coupled）metalcyclams 金属环拉胺 （metal-cyclam）dizinc 二锌 （di- 前缀，二，二次，二倍） 回楼主补充：cyclam 是 cycle 和lam 的合成词，“环拉”是音译，由“lam”而来；但是，有时音译也不把所有的音都对应地译出来，这里我还是主张译出来。polyaminocarboxylate （poly-amino-carboxylate)聚氨基羧化物
从排除的乌柳中获取的非环式的二萜-y-内酯和类黄酮 经供参考，欢迎指正
部分翻译 仅供参考coreceptor 复合受体 cyclam 环胺类 Monocyclam 单环胺类 covalentlycoupled 共价键偶合metalcyclams 金属环胺类
找雅虎在线翻译就行了
3.含蓄条件句在商务英语中的作用 3. Implicitly conditional on the role of Business English Implicitly refers to non-conditional conditions IF sentence guide. The most common verbs or other parts of speech have come from changes in terms of sentence structure. Terms of the structure of the sentence often contains conditions, reasons, such as semantic purpose. This is the English meaning of a sentence together. Of the structure of English noun phrases commonly used in English letters, documents in a formal style. Business English the official language, refining, strict terms, standardization, and often a certain format and cliches. This is the practical business of English foreign trade in the inquiry message, one of commonly used sentence: "Your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly appreciated. As soon as possible if you reply to our specific inquiry, would be grateful." Sentence subject reply comes from the verb changes in the term part of the whole subject with the semantic conditions. 4. The conditions in question the role of business negotiations Question conditions (conditional question) is "a condition of a question sentence +" component, this question can be a special question or general questions. There are two typical sentence: "What + ... if ...?" And "If ... + then?". In international business activities, the use of the conditions of the particular question with a lot of advantages: (1) to obtain other information. Offer in the negotiations and offer stage, the question can be used to test conditions for a better understanding of the specific circumstances of each other in order to modify their offers or offer. For example: Our side asked: What would you do if we agree to a two-year contract? Answer each other: What if we modify our specifications, would you consider a large order? Answer from the other side, we can determine the other concern is the long-term cooperation. Well, after this new information will help the negotiations. (2) mutual concessions. Questions posed by the conditions of offer and acceptance of our proposal is based on the premise of the conditions, in other words, only when the other side to accept our offer when we set up the offer. Therefore, we will not be made unilaterally by the binding site, nor will any party to make unilateral concessions, and only each other concessions in order to be successful transaction. (3) (the search for common ground. If the other party refused the conditions we have, we can pose other conditions of the conditions of the new questions, a new round of offers, the other conditions may also be used to question our offer. Both sides are doing mutual concession after concession, until they reached important common ground. (4) instead of the negative No. In international business negotiations, as far as possible to avoid direct use of "No" to refuse such a blunt tone, it would seem impolite to make negotiations easier, resulting in the failure of negotiations. Such as when we can not agree with the other party's request can be made in the form of question conditions. For example: Large quantities of home-made washing machines have been popular on the local market. The quality is good, and the price per set is just 190 can the wshing machining be salable if we import yours at 380 yuan per set? Recently, in the local market a large number of domestic washing machines are very popular. Their quality good, price is only 190 yuan each. If we take the price of 380 each import your products, how can it sell? (Solon, 2001) Do not ask each other because they refuse to lose each other's cooperation, but refused to allow the other their own requirements. This will continue to cooperate to retain the future possibility. (5) to avoid foreign exchange arising from different cultural misunderstanding ambiguity. The culture of countries around the world is not the same. Therefore, in the international business activities, often in different countries due to cultural misunderstanding ambiguous. Therefore, in order to avoid misunderstanding, and often the use of the Interpretation Act. Question the use of conditions is a very tactful way. III Conclusion English sentence in terms of business negotiations, and its language features and frequency of use appears that we are worthy of careful study. Business English English as a branch, it is increasingly in the international business activities of its importance. References: [1] Solon: "business English" [M]. Beijing: China Textile Press, 2001, 54,57,58,555 [2] Liu Central: Business English language translation of the characteristics and [J]. Shanghai: foreign language study in June 2006 published in the second half of its [3] Cao Ling Zhao Lei Zhao Xuemei Zhang: Business English negotiation [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001,41 [4] Park, LI Kui Liu Zheng: "International Business Negotiation" (second edition) [M]. Beijing: Foreign Trade and Economic University Press, 2006, 174 ~ 176
“论文”一词的英文表达很多，通常因场合、用处不同而有不同的表达，下面罗列了几种，请楼主斟酌一下那一种是适合自己。*dissertation（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论*disquisition专题论文；专题演讲，专题讨论：关于一个论题的正式讨论，常为书面形式*thesis命题论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文*discourse （学术）讨论，研讨用的论文*paper 作业形式的，为达到某一目的或效果（如学位）而写的
论文： paper ; thesis
经济学 | 计算机科学技术 | 法学 | 管理学
paper
The paper comprises seven chapters text.
论文共七章。
扩展资料
1、我们将在一起审阅这些论文。
We shall go through these papers together
2、我终于写完了李教授要的论文。
I finally popped that paper for Professor Li
3、教授已经把我的论文搁置一个月了。
The professor has turned aside my paper for a month
4、这里你列举出你的论文所做出的新知识的贡献。
Here you list the contributions of new knowledge that your thesis makes.
5、此时此刻，这个系统仅存在于论文和电脑里。
Right now the system exists only on paper and in the computer
6、在经济发展方面，这是最优秀的论文之一。
It’s one of the best papers on economic development
参考资料百度百科-英语单词
标点符号问题或正文结果与图片结果不符合等笔误问题，这一种我们只需要在自己的文章中核实后进行改正即可；北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下若是还有不明白可以统一去知道了解下
去百度搜索，需要什么语言直接在线翻译就OK啦
Clinical Experience in the Non-extraction Correction of Lingual Tripping Deep Bite of the Front : Objective: To explore the factors, methods and matters of caution regarding the non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front : To select 18 cases of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth and conduct relevant non-extraction corrections. Result: The correction work was completed in 15-21 months, the average of each correction was months. The overbite and overjet of the front teeth of patients have become normal and the facial profiles harmonized after the : Non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth should be conducted only on well selected indications. 【英语牛人团】
NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth tooth meets the clinical experience treatmentAbstract: objective to investigate NaQing sexual front teeth tooth overburden match not deep treatment of factors, correction method and the matters needing attention. Methods selection NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth and 18 cases, are not case tooth correction. Results treatment completion time 15 to 21 months, average months. Correction by first teeth together, facial side cover normal appearance was coordination. Conclusion anterior tooth NaQing sex should be repeated in deep choosing good indications fits the tooth under treatment.
研究论文中国药理学报2010年6月31期 746-752页 【数字对象唯一标识符】：吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究范云，李能明，马胜林，罗吕红，罗芳，黄志宇，于海峰，吴凤琴摘要目的：对未接受过化疗的III期和IV期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者，静脉注射吉西他滨，d1、d5，顺铂 d1，以研究吉西他滨（dFdC）的药效学药和药代动力学。方法：一个联合治疗周期，吉西他滨1250 mg/m2，静脉输液30 min，d1、d5，每三周静脉输液一次顺铂75mg/m2，d1。两次注射间隔1hr。观察该方案的毒性反应。此外，第一次输液周期中监测不同时期的吉西他滨（dFdC）及其代谢产物（dFdU）的血药浓度。使用药代动力学软件（PKS）评价吉西他滨及其代谢产物（dFdU）药代动力学参数。结果：共有28名患者参与此项研究，平均年龄54岁（介于27~75岁之间），大多数病人的临床表现良好。27名患者接受了2个或以上的治疗周期。临床总有效率为。中位生存期13个月。估算的肿瘤进展时间(TTP)中位天数为个月，1年生存率为。毒性反应总的较轻。主要毒性为骨髓抑制；的病人出现3/4度血液学毒性，而的病人出现3/4度非血液学毒性——常见的胃肠道反应。吉西他滨及其代谢产物（dFdU）药代动力学参数在注射吉西他滨d1、d5前后无差异。在注入吉西他滨d5前，dFdU（2，2'—双氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷）的最低浓度为± μg/mL，而吉西他滨未检测到。结论：该方案是治疗未接受过化疗的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）晚期患者的有效方案，总体临床耐受性良好。在静脉滴入吉西他滨，d1、d5后，吉西他滨及其代谢产物（dFdU）药代动力学参数较之前无差异，而在注入吉西他滨d5前，dFdU（2，2'—双氟脱氧胞嘧啶核苷）浓度最低。
m;pjpu7jbiug
摘要目标为了研究吉西他滨的药效学和药物动力学的作用， 在未做过化疗的IIIB期或IV期非小细胞型肺癌的病人中，在第一天(不确定是什么意思，但估计是day 1 的意思）和第5天给予吉西他滨和顺铂，第5天只单独给予吉西他滨。方法在每一个周期中，第一天和第5天吉西他滨的剂量是1250毫克每平方米，30分钟静脉输液完。第一天在给予吉西他滨后再给与顺铂75毫克每平方米，3小时静脉输液完。每3周一次。两次输液中间间隔一小时。这种治疗的临床反应和毒性被密切观察了。另外，吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢物在不同时间点上的值在第一个周期中被侦察了。药物动力学的软件PKS被用于分析吉西他滨的药物动力学计数和它的代谢产物。结果这次研究中一共有28位病患。中间年龄54岁（从27－75岁），大部分病患处于良好状态。27位病患接受了2次或更多的周期治疗。总体临床反应率为％。总体来说，平均存活时间为13个月。肿瘤发展平均时间为个月，一年存活率是％。毒性可承受。主要毒性是骨髓抑制。的病患有3/4级血液毒性，％有非血液型毒性，比如胃肠道反应。吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢产物的药物动力学计数在给药前和给药后是不同的。吉西他滨的代谢产物最小值 ± μg/mL是在静脉输入吉西他滨之前和不给与吉西他滨的时候。结论这个治疗方法对于非化疗的已发展的非小细胞型肺癌患者是可承受并有作用的。在第一天和第五天给与吉西他滨后，吉西他滨的血浆含量和代谢产物的药物动力学计数没有任何不同和在输液前相比。而且在第5天给药前吉西他滨的代谢产物达到最小值。
结论根据photoreactivity、分光学和光谱数据，我们确定新的photoproduct的结构是nonadjacent同边反cyclobutane二聚体被形成在T2和T7之间以结构描述的绝对立体化学I (图8B)。 这是cyclobutane二聚体的第一个interstrand类型在脱氧核糖核酸将隔绝和描绘的。 没有可能解释这个产品的高出产量形成的可预测的稳定的华森痛性痉挛被折叠的结构d (GTATCATGAGGTGC)。 根据我们的突变形成和集中研究，我们推测序列采取一个高次被折叠的结构在酸碱度5由配对在子线之间的相互和分子内基地，留待去阐明。 这interstrand photoproduct的形成也建议photoproducts的这样类型在生物重要高次脱氧核糖核酸结构在telomeres和促进者在我主题结构也许也形成例如在G四重唱结构之间圈和在子线之间。此中被描述的方法可能用于辨认和映射在解答可能使用作为区别的探针在体内各种各样的折叠的结构之间和的这样photoproducts。 一旦interstrand photoproduct形成结构活动关系更好被了解，它是可以想像的它可能为高次脱氧核糖核酸结构的装配和描述特性也使用为nanotechnological应用。