Section nothing to do with care of with the out with and downs of structure is never too bad for us to do something about the is never too old to is never too late for you to put a stop to this is never too late for you to mend your income was never too small to support his best friend,Anna,was here last company manager,Mr. Madison,gathered his staff and announced the should have seen an ophthalmologist, an eye sent for the accountant,the most experienced person in ."Leave it to me," said David,the man on night are never too experienced to learn new remains one problem,namely,who should be sent to head the research relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural he has had ups and downs,I believed all along that he would succeed have some reservations about the truth of your isn't particularly tall,but her slim figure gives an illusion of .应尽早告知年轻人:必须认真对待法律.2.他现在面临一个重要决定,这个决定可能会影响他的整个前程.3.即使在情况最糟糕的时候,你也必须保持镇静和信心.4.人际关系的成功与否与双方相处是否融洽以及交流是否顺畅有很大关系.5.他受到袭击,身受重伤,随后不治而亡.6.他的举止至少在表面上像个正常人。 Section BReading . F of the . anticipate2. brilliant3. ingredient4. dialect5. somehow6. bubbled7. compelled8. to /
lesson 18 He often does thisThe writer had lunch at a village could not find her bag after her meal .She could not pay thebill .The landlord soon found it for her .His dog had taken it into the garden.
Lesson 8Summary writing Joe Sanders has the best garden in wins 'The Nicest Garden Competition'each has a fine 's is writer's garden is always win a little prize for the 9 A cold welcomeWe went to theTown Hall on New Year's Eve .There were a lot of people there .The Town Hall clock would strike twelve in twenty minutes's time .It stopped at five to twelve .It refused to welcome the NewYear .Then the crowd began to laugh and sing . lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck we shall meet our neighbour ,Captain Charles Alison ,at Portsmouth Houbour early tomorrow morning .He will be in his small boat, will leave at eight o' shall say goodbye to him .He will take part in an important race across the 13 The Greenwood BoysThe Greenwood Boys are pop singers .They will be coming here tomorrow .Most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the will give performances .The police will be trying to keep order as 14 Do you speak English The writer gave a lift to a young man in the south of France last year. They greeted each other in French. Apart from a few words ,the writer doesn't speak any French . They sat in silence .At the end of the journey the young man asked ,"Do you speak English ?"He was English himself. lesson15 wanted to see felt very nervous about went into his said that business was firm could not pay such large salaries. Twenty people had left already. He did not ask me to leave as offered me an extra 1000 a year .lesson16 Traffic police usually give you a ticket if you park your car in the wrong writer found a polite note on his car during a holiday in traffic police wanted him to pay attention to their street one can fail to obey a polite request. lesson19 the play was going to begin at any asked for two tickets. there are none and i were then,a man hurried to the ticket office. he return two were for next wednesday's performance, i bought them. Lesson 21 The writer is slowly going lives near an planes can be heard night and of his neighbours have left their has been offered money to is determined to says he must be are probably crossed the Channel last threw the bottle into the contained a piece of paper withher name and address on months later，she received a letter from a girl in write to each other regularly send their letters by sister will come to England next she comes,she will get a have a new house in the I have invited my sister to stay witn it is a very modern house.请采纳
lesson92 Asking for trouble The writer returned home at about two in the morning and rang the failed to wake up his wife ,he put a ladder against the wall and began climbing towards the bedroom a policeman called out,but the writer answered him told him he had forgotten his key .The shouting woke his opened the window just as the policeman had started climbing the ladder after him. ( 74words ) On arriving home at about two in the morning,the writer rang the doorbell but failed to wake up his having put a ladder against the wall,he was climbing towards the bedroom window when a policeman called out .Answering him rudely,the writer told him he had forgotten his shouting woke his wife ,who opened the window at the moment when the policeman started climbing the ladder after him. ( 74 words )
语料库分析可分为在线查询和离线工具，off-line Corpus Analysis tools有AntConc和CORPUS，on-line 有美国当代英语语料库COCA： 。工具使用得当往往会达到事半功倍的效果，因此接下来对这两款工具的使用分别进行介绍记录。
PatternBuilder是一款专门用于辅助编写正则表达式以方便词性赋码语料库检索的工具，可以很方便地编写复杂的正则表达式。 PatternBuilder是自动生成正则表达式的工具，帮助用户从词性符码语料库中提取各种语言特征。该工具可以生成简单的表达式如方位名词（\S+_NNL2\s）或较复杂的结构的表达式如被动语态（\S+ VB\w*\s(\S+ [RX]\w+\s) \S+_V\wN\s），用户可以测试并保存自己编写的表达式。具体用法可见 梁茂成词性赋码语料库的检索与正则表达式的编写pdf 。 用法示例如下图： （1）显示赋码首字母，如名词以N开头、动词以V开头。 （2）包含特定赋码首字母的各种语言特征。 （3）用户自定义的各种语言特征，如被动语态等。 （4）显示所选语言特征的正则表达式，用户也可在此编辑表达式。 （5）按正则表达式检索语料库后的索引行，用以验证表达式的正误。 同时，为了尽可能做到少有遗漏，我们在得到基本的表达式后常常需要进行更细致的分析和推敲。我们可以利用 PatternBuilder 的【Get (Pattern) 】按钮，在表达式中使用一个可选的（optional）组块。
1、索引工具 单击File菜单，选择Open File(s).. 或Open Di..加载一个或多个要分析的文件，加载出来的文件会在主窗户的左边“Corpus Files”框里显示出来。 在下方Search Term下的输入框里输入搜索词，单击“start”。以“work”为例，可以看到三个语料库中检索到了973条结果。这种结果是以KWIC（Key Word in Context）模式显示的。如果需要调整检索词两边显示的字符数，可以使用"Search Window Size"进行调整（调整完成后单击start重新检索）。 除了检索整个词外，还可以用通配符进行高级检索。除了检索整个词外，还可以用通配符进行高级检索。 我们还可以对检索的结果进行排序。使用Kwic Sort下的Level对检索结果排序，0是指该检索词，1L指检索词左边第一个词。2R指检索词右边第二个词。Level共有三级，可根据需要进行勾选。设置完成后单击“Sort”即可进行分类排序。
2、索引检索及定位 单击“Advanced”，勾选“Use search term(s) from list below”。就检索下面框内的单词。可以手动输入多个单词，也可以直接加载一个txt词表用来检索。注意每个单词独立成行。设置完成后单击“Apply”。 而高级设置中的“Use Context Words and Horizons”是指检索上下文词和该词出现的范围。例如，在Context Words中输入“with”，单击add添加，之后将该词出现的范围设置成“From 3L to 3R”。就可以看到work从左边数3个词到右边数3个词出现with的所有句子。
3、词丛 Clusters/N-Grams 通过Clusters这一功能，可以把检索词及其临近的词生成一个列表，并且可以根据自身的需求进行排序分析。 N元是什么呢？简单来说，N元指单词的N 元。比如，“This is a pen.”这句话中二元是”this is”, “is a”和”a pen”。三元则是”this is a”和”is a pen”。因此，一个大的文件将会产生大量的N 元。N-Grams与Clusters功能操作起来很像。
4、搭配 Collocates 搭配功能，简单来说，可以生成检索词的有序的单词列表，用来查看搭配词与检索词相关性。 由于搭配功能需在生成词单的基础上才可使用，因此会自动弹出生成词单的对话框，我们单击确定即可。
5、词单 Word List 打开AntConc，加载语料库文件后，单击“Word List”选项卡，之后单击“Start”，即可生成词单。 在界面上方可以看到形符和类符的数量。所有的单词默认按照词频来排序，包含序号（Rank）、词频（Freq）、单词（Word）的统计信息。 界面中有一列是Lemma Word Form（词型）。该功能的启用要加载词元列表（Lemma List）。在菜单栏“Tool Preferences”中的“Word List”中，可以在“Lemma List”中加载词元列表。
在菜单栏“Tool Preferences”中的“Word List”中，可以对检索单词进行过滤。例如，输入“that”和“this”，选择“Use specific words below”，在词单页面仅能查看“that”和“this”的相关结果。若选中“Use a stoplist below”，则会在词单中排除“that”和“this”的相关结果。选择“Use all words”不会对结果产生变化。
6、实际例子 1）What is the word most frequently used at the immediate left/right of 'classification'?
COCA
Antconc
参考链接 1、 2、国科大学术论文写作
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《英语学术论文写作》共分六章，每章三单元。每章主要围绕三条主线展开。第一条主线是论文写作的主要步骤，第二条主线是论文写作相关事项，第三条主线是论述方法。论文写作的主要步骤包括选题、材料的收集与评估、列出提纲、论文写作、编写参考文献以及摘要写作。论文写作相关事项包括学术论文的特征、流程、文章的衔接与连贯、文体特点、图表的使用、写作规范、参考文献的标注以及致谢等。至于论述方法，则主要介绍定义法、因果法、比较与对照法、议论法以及记叙法等。附录包括三篇范文以及一个常用格式指南。参考答案则与各章练习相匹配，供读者参考。
想考好bec，题海战术也是有用的，下面我给大家分享2013 商务英语 BEC高级阅读题及答案，希望可以帮助到你们。
2013商务英语BEC高级阅读题(1)
l Look at the statements below and at the five reports about companies on the opposite page from an article giving advice to self-employed consultants about negotiating fees for their services.
l Which book (A, B, C,D or E) dose each statement 1 –8 refer to ?
l For each statement ! – 8, make one letter (A, B, C,D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
l You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
Example :
0 Lack of self-confidence will put you at a disadvantage in a negotiation .
0A B C D E
1. This company has been involved in diversifying its business act6ivities.
2. Although this company is doing well, it has a number of internal difficulties to deal with.
3. This company has reduced the profits it makes on individual items.
4. One statistic is a less accurate guide to this company’s performance than another.
5. The conditions which have helped this company are likely to be less favourable in the future.
6. This company’s share price has been extremely volatile over the last twelve months.
7. This company is likely to be the subject of a takeover bid in the near future.
8. This company’s performance exemplifies a widely held belief.
参考答案：
1 D 2 B 3 E 4 A 5 D 6 C 7 E 8 C
2013商务英语BEC高级阅读题(2)
Company
Masterson’s interim pre-tax profits growth of 20% was somewhat inflated as a result of the income received from the disposal of several of the company’s subsidiaries. The underlying 8% rise in operating profits is a more realistic gauge of the company’s true progress. However, Masterson’s impending merger with Bentley and Knight and its appointment of a new chief executive should mean that the company will be able to sustain growth for the foreseeable fut5ure. The share price has varied little during the course of the year and now stands at ￡
Group
During the past year the Bowden Hotel Group has acquired 77 new properties, thus doubling in size . last week the group reported pre-tax profits of ￡ 88 million in the first six months of the year, ahead of expectations and helped by a strong performance from its London-based hotels and newly expanded US business. However. There is still some way to go. Integration of the new acquisitions is still not complete and, while the share price has risen recently, major problems with integration have yet to be solved.
Company
This time last year a share in Usertech was worth just over ￡ 1. six months ago it was worth ￡ 40. today it is priced at under ￡ 8 . if proof were need, here is an illustration of how much of a lottery the technology market can be. But some technology companies are fighting back and Usertech is one of them . What has renewed excitement in the company is the opening of its new American offices in Dallas and its ambitious plans to expand its user base in both North and Latin America.
Company
Renton’s share price has risen gradually over the past year from ￡ to ￡ . The company has been successful in choosing prime location for its buildings and has benefited from the buoyant demand for housing. Whilst this demand is expected to slow down somewhat during the next year, investors are encouraged by the company’s decision to move into building supermarkets. Work has already begun on two sites in London, and the company is expected to sign a contract within the next month for building four large supermarkets in Scotland.
Manufacturer
Milton Dishes has been through a shake-up over the past year. The group, which has been cutting margins and improving marketing, may post a small profit this year. The many members of the Milton family, who between them own 58 per cent of the business, have been watching the share price rise steadily and several are looking to sell. Trade rival Ruskin has bought up just over 17 percent of the shares and could well be spurred into further action by the signs of a recovery at the firm.
PART TWO
Questions9– 14
l Read the text about career-planning services.
l Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps .
l For each gap 9– 14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet .
l Do not use any letter more than once .
l There is an example at the beginning .(0)
Your Career Path Can Lead You Anywhere
We used to be advised to plan our careers. We were told to make a plan during the later stages of our education and continue with it through our working lives.(0)_____ some people still see careers in this way. However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic.
Planning for a single career assumes that we set out with a full understanding of our likes and dislikes and the employment opportunities open to us. (9)____ For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.
Our initial choice of career path and employer is often based on inadequate knowledge and false perceptions. But with age and experience, we develop new interests and aptitudes and our priorities alter. The structure of the employment market and, indeed of employment itself, is subject to change as both new technologies and new work systems are introduced (10) _____ We must face the uncertainties of a portfolio career.
2013商务英语BEC高级阅读题(3)
The Negotiating Table:
You can negotiate virtually anything. Projects, resources, expectations and deadlines are all outcomes of negotiation. Some people negotiate deals for a living. Dr Herb Cohen is one of these professional talkers, called in by companies to negotiate on their behalf . He approaches the art of negotiation as a game because, as he is usually negotiating for somebody else, he says this helps him drain the emotional content from his conversation. He is working in a competitive field and needs to avoid being too adversarial. Whether he succeeds or not, it is important to him to make a good impression so that people will recommend him.
The starting point for any deal, he believes, is to identify exactly what you want from each other. More often than not, one party will be trying to persuade the other round to their point of view. Negotiation requires two people at the end saying ‘yes”. This can be a problem because one of them usually begins by saying “no”. However, although this can make talks more difficult, this is often just a starting point in the negotiation game. Top management may well reject the idea initially because it is the safer option but they would not be there if they were not interested.
It is a misconception that skilled negotiators are smooth operators in smart suits. Dr Cohen says that one of his strategies is to dress down so that the other side can relate to you. Pitch your look to suit your customer. You do not need to make them feel better than you but, For example, dressing in a style that is not overtly expensive or successful will make you more approachable. People will generally feel more comfortable with somebody who appears to be like them rather than superior to them. They may not like you but they will feel they can trust you.
Dr Cohen suggests that the best way to sell your proposal is by getting into the world of the other side. Ask questions rather than give answers and take an interest in what the other person is saying, even if you think what they are saying is silly. You do not need to become their best friends but being too clever will alienate them. A lot of deals are made on impressions. Do not rush what you are saying---put a few hesitations in , do not try to blind them with your verbal dexterity. Also, you should repeat back to them what they have said to show you take them seriously.
Inevitably some deals will not succeed. Generally the longer the negotiations go on, the better chance they have because people do not want to think their investment and energies have gone to waste. However , joint venture can mean joint risk and sometimes , if this becomes too great , neither party may be prepared to see the deal through . More common is a corporate culture clash between companies, which can put paid to any deal. Even having agreed a deal, things may not be tied up quickly because when the lawyers get involved, everything gets slowed down as they argue about small details.
De Cohen thinks that children are the masters of negotiation. Their goals are totally selfish. They understand the decision-making process within families perfectly. If Mum refuses their request , they will troop along to Dad and pressure him. If al else fails, they will try the grandparents, using some emotional blackmail. They can also be very single-minded and have an inexhaustible supply of energy for the cause they are pursuing. So there are lesson to be learned from watching and listening to children.
15 Dr Cohen treats negotiation as a game in order to
A put people at ease
B remain detached
C be competitive
D impress rivals
16 Many people say “no” to a suggestion in the beginning to
A convince the other party of their point of view
B show they are not really interested
C indicate they wish to take the easy option
D protect their company’s situation
17 Dr Cohen says that when you are trying to negotiate you should
A adapt your style to the people you are talking to
B make the other side feel superior to you
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具体选哪一题别人说了不算，建议选平时自己接触得到的。论文还是自己写，找枪手写，论文答辩时一样会穿帮。论文选题不要选太大、范围太广的题材，最好联系导师帮你选。 如果是我，我会从以下选题中选其一:3、On Language Communication Skills In Business Negotiation 论商务谈判中语言沟通技巧 4、On Skills of Writing a Business Letter商业信函的写作技巧 5、On the Characteristics of Business Negotiation Language and Its Translation 商务谈判用语特点及翻译 8、Language Characteristics of English Business Contracts商务合同的语言特点 14、国际条约的语言风格和汉译技巧 这几个选题的题材相对集中一些，比较好找论点、论据。而且是我工作中能接触到的。
我有商务谈判用语特点及翻译.你可以留邮箱，或在我空间里留言。是英语的可以吧？
商科论文写作通常可以遵循以下步骤：
1、定义主题
撰写商科论文的第一步是定义主题。了解论文的主要目的是什么(教育、宣传、推广)以及针对谁。这一步至关重要，因为它为整篇论文奠定了基础。
2、创建大纲
大纲在撰写商科论文时至关重要。要想论文讲得通，唯一的途径就是整合逻辑。首先创建一个简单的草图，描述论文整体的框架，包括各个部分应该写什么内容。这会防止同学在实际写作时偏离要点。
3、广泛研究
这是撰写论文时收集所有必要信息的部分。遵循之前创建的大纲，以避免浪费时间。充分利用所有可用的资源，例如：书籍、网络、采访等，只收集相关和必要的信息即可。这部分将构成论文的主体，所以同学需要获得充分的信息。
4、撰写初稿
有了详细的大纲和相关的材料支撑，这一步应该很容易。初稿很少是完美的，但通常需要耗费大量时间。有几个最重要的部分需要同学留意：
5、校对修改
千万不要直接提交初稿，因为很有可能里面全是错误。同学要消除所有的语法和结构错误。尽可能地浓缩观点，并通过修改论点来突出要点。
BookModule参考答案及部分解析参考答案’.短文改错：1....,ourclasshavea...have→had....celebrationstowelcoming...welcoming→welcome....→and....anwonderfulopportunity...an→a....meetnewfriends...new→old....photosfortheschool,...for→of....putthemup...去掉them....atthephoto...photo→photos....wouldpopular...popular前加be0....thedayswhen...when→that或去掉whenOnepossibleversion:Taiyuan,thecapitalofShanxiProvinceinNorthCna,'.部分解析单项填空：。developingcountries在题中表泛指，故第一空不用冠词；poverty是不可数名词，故其前不用冠词。题意：目前，许多发展中国家的人们仍然生活在贫困中。.C。根据题意可知是为“不幸的（unfortunate）”人捐。.D。agreetodosth.同意答应做某事。题意：父亲答应给我买辆新自行车作为生日礼物，这使我很高兴。.B。根据“你将会考试不及”可知，“你必须尽一切努力（makeeveryeffort）提高你的英语”。progress进步；acevement成就；goal目标。.C。上句“汤姆，我恐怕不能和你一起去看电影了”与下句“你答应过的”之间语意转折，故用But。.D。among意为“系……中之一，在……的一类中”，相当于oneof。witn强调在一个地域内或一段时间内。.A。空后是解释喜欢旅游的原因，故用because引导表语从句。.B。根据对方询问“起居室的宽度”及答语中的“不知道”可知，应答者将要去测量（measure）一下。examine检查；describe描述；figure计算。.D。在itis+adj.+that句型中，如果形容词在意义上与情态或意愿有关，如essential,important,necessary,desirable等时，that从句的谓语动词用（should+）动词原形。it'sonlyrightthat...……是很合理的。。althoughthough都可引导让步状语从句。但在以形容词等开头的倒装结构中，只能用though。。everycld与educate之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。根据Atpresent可知用现在进行时。.B。根据句中的but可知，应答者认为自己还是最好去确定一下（makesure）。makesense讲得通；lookaround四下观望；lookout小心。.D。当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，句子用全部倒装语序。.B。morethan意为“不止是，不仅仅是”，符合语境。.D。Howdoyoufind...?意为“你认为……怎么样？”，故D项正确。完形填空：话题：家庭本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者父亲打高尔夫球的故事。.A。.D。由第一段描述的时间和下文描述“我”父亲拥有多家餐馆可知，父亲在三十五年期间“工作（worked）”得很“辛苦（hard）”。.C。能拥有多家餐馆，父亲对自己所取得的成就感到“自豪（proudof）”。.D。由下文的providedforallofyou可知，努力工作的父亲“供养（provide）”了全家。。由下文父亲准备退休可知，父亲决定“卖掉（sell）”餐馆。。孩子毕业了，父亲的“工作（job）”也就完成了。.C。由上文的Ifyouaregraduating可知，此处是说让孩子们“受教育（educated）”。.A。由上文的Dadtoldmehedecidedto...therestaurantsandretire可知。.B。由下文的Ican'timagineyoudoinganytngelse可知，“我”“只（only）”知道父亲会做饭。.D。父亲“回应（replied）”了“我”提出的疑问“...,butwhatwillyoudo?”。.C。“我”从未听说过父亲会打高尔夫球，因此当“我”听父亲说他即将要打高尔夫球时，感到很“震惊（shocked）”。.B。由下文父亲通过打高尔夫球给我们讲人生道理可知，父亲“开始（began）”打球了。.B。父亲教“我”和哥哥的正是打高尔夫球这项“运动（game）”。.D。由下文父亲时常提醒我们的事情可知，如果我们像打高尔夫一样地生活，我们就会活得“很好（fine）”。。由上文的stayfocused可知，父亲告诫我们打球要集中精力，不要“思考（tnkabout）”其他的事情。。由上文的justwhereyouwanttoputtheball可知，集中精力进球，这样你才能“实现（reach）”目标。.B。.C。由上文父亲时常告诫我们的话可知，他希望我们拥有“目标（goals）”，集中精力去获得“成功（success）”。.C。由下文的tohavefunwithfriendsandfamily可知，父亲同时也希望我们享受生活，有时间与朋友和家人共度美好时光。enjoyourselves与havefun相呼应。.B。父亲所做的一切，让他成为了我们心中“伟大的（great）”偶像。阅读理解：A篇（兴趣）本文是记叙文。文章介绍了尼日利亚女洗车工Aliyu自食其力的故事。.A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Aliyu的母亲曾经是家里唯一的经济支柱，自从母亲去世后，她就承担起供养妹妹和弟弟上学的重任，故Aliyu洗车的目的是为了养家糊口。.A。推理判断题。根据第五段Mohammed说的话可知答案。.D。推理判断题。Aliyu是尼日利亚北部唯一的一位女性洗车工，最近有妇女向她寻求开洗车行的建议，由此可知，Aliyu为尼日利亚的女性树立了榜样。.B。推理判断题。根据第四段的Ihatelazinessordependingonsomebodyelse可知Aliyu很独立；根据最后一段的IseemendoingsometngandItnkIcandoittoo可知Aliyu很自信。B篇（节假日活动）本文是应用文。文章是关于一项活动的广告。。细节理解题。根据文章的When:urday,可知，无论天气状况如何，该活动都会如期举行。。细节理解题。根据文中对苹果派竞赛的描述Justbringyourpietothepietableonthemorningofthefair可知。.D。细节理解题。根据文中的Ticketsareonly$each可知。C篇（饮食健康）本文是说明文。一项最新研究表明，早餐对一个人的心脏健康具有重要意义。.D。主旨大意题。从文中多次提及的breakfast和heartproblems可知，本文主要探讨早餐对于心脏健康的重要性。.D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的Thetake-homemessageistoeatinthemorningwhenyouwakeup,preferablywitnanhour可知，DrLeahCall认为最好在醒来一小时之内吃早餐。.A。词义猜测题。由文章第一段的breakfasthelpedpeopleresistsugarysnacks以及本段tempting之前的less一词可知，吃早餐可以减少临近中午时饼干对自己的诱惑。故此处tempting有“有诱惑力的”之意。.D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Theseresearchersonlylookedatmenagedover,sowewouldneedtoseefurtherresearchtoprovethatbreakfasthasthesameeffectonthehearthealthofothergroupsofpeople可以推出，VictoriaTaylor认为，为了进一步确切证实早餐对人们心脏健康的重要性，研究者在该项研究中应该对其他年龄群体展开调查。D篇（社会）本文是新闻道。文章道了美国摄影师LiaBarrett拍摄的模拟人类在水中生活场景的作品。.C。细节理解题。由第三段的tocreateafantasticunderwaterworldinwchhumansgoabouteverydaytasks和第四段的todophotoshootsIhadonlydreamedofbefore可知，岁的美国摄影师LiaBarrett梦想在水下拍摄人类进行日常活动的愿望实现了。.D。推理判断题。由第三段的bravediverscompetingattheCaribbeanCup和第四段的Itookadvantageoftheirbreath-holdingskills可推知，在洪都拉举办的该项比赛主要展示了潜水选手的憋气能力。.A。细节理解题。Barrett时常被问到她的这张照片是否是用Photoshop处理过的，由此可知，很多人认为这张照片不真实。。细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，在返回海面时，为了预防可以导致致命性眩晕的减压病的发生，潜水模特缓慢上升，并在中途停留了11分钟。选做题参考答案及解析参考答案A1-BDDACB-10CBACA解析A篇（文学）本文是议论文。文章介绍了英国著名诗人威廉·布莱克的一首代表作《扫烟囱的孩子》。。推理判断题。由第二段的Theywereoftencoveredinsoot,可知，扫烟囱的工作又脏又危险。.D。细节理解题。由第三段的Thephysicaldangersandwidespreadunfairness...called“TheCmneySweeper”可知，布莱克对让儿童扫烟囱的现象深恶痛绝，因此写下两首诗予以抨击。.D。推理判断题。由第四段的Itdoesn'texist,because...cmney-sweeping,death,poverty,etc可知，布莱克认为，儿童的天真并不存在，因为它总是被现实世界破坏。由此可推断，布莱克对现实世界持否定态度。.A。段落大意题。Whatdoesafive-year--oldcmneysweeperin1th-centuryEnglandhavetodowithyou?这句话引出了《扫烟囱的孩子》的现实意义：当今世界仍有很多童工在艰苦的环境下工作。.C。写作目的题。本文介绍了英国著名诗人威廉·布莱克（1-1）的一首代表作《扫烟囱的孩子》，重点介绍了该诗的创作背景和主题。B篇（世界与环境）本文是说明文。文章介绍了《自然资本宣言》。.C。细节理解题。根据第一、二段的描述可知，naturalcapital（自然资本）即地球上诸如森林、水、空气、土地等自然资源。第三段的theEarth'snaturalresources(land,air,water,plantsandanimals)也是提示。.B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知，世界上四十家最有影响力的银行共同签署的《自然资本宣言》致力于改善生态环境，从而利于人类生活。由此可推断此宣言目的是为了保护环境。.A。篇章结构题。《自然资本宣言》是由世界上最有影响力的四十家银行共同签署的。根据本段对该宣言实施方式的描述可知，银行迫使各国政府和公司告知银行他们每年所使用的自然资源的量。由此可知，此处的them指代银行。.C。推理判断题。第五段中出现的notbeeasy和alsohard说明了实施《自然资本宣言》不易。。标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了《自然资本宣言》对自然资本的核算。对了 现在我报读的ABC夫下英语的助教才和我提过，若想学会英语是不难的..坚持要有一个好的学习环境以及闇练口语对象，最关键就是外教水平 口语标准很重要 坚持每日口语练习，一对一家教式辅导才可以有.好.的学习成效！课后需要重复温习课程录音音频 把所学知识融会贯通~然后要是真的无口语交谈的人的情况 只能去旺旺或大耳朵得到课外学习资料学习 多说多问一下子语境会进步许多 整体效果是必定达成目标的；A项中的worth与第一段的Howmucsalakeworth?...Canyouputapricetagonair?相呼应。
ACBAD BCABC CBCAD ACBCD BBCCC AACBC BCBCB ABCBB CBCC
Unit4大学英语综合教程1课后答案
答案对有关问题所作的解答的结果；对提出的问题所做的解答，练习的答案。以下是我为大家整理的相关Unit4大学英语综合教程1课后答案内容，仅供参考，希望能够帮助大家！
Unit 4
Part I P
re-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
When an idle moment turned up at work, people used to reach for the newspaper, providing the boss wasn't looking. Nowadays they are more likely to spend their spare moments surfing the Internet. Needless to say, the boss is usually no more happier than before, thinking that his staff should be looking for some useful work to do. So what happens to the surfer who hears the boss's footsteps approaching? This is the situation the writer of the poem you are about to hear found himself in. Will he be caught in the act?
Surfing the Internet
Stepping into the lab, I round no one is inside. So I think I'm in the clear Because the boss is nowhere in sight. I log onto the web and start to surf And then my hair stands up with fright.
The footsteps coming down the hall Are quickening in pace. There is no time to exit, No way to save my race.
-So I press the power button
And relax just a bit.
There is no way he can tell
Appendix I -113-
Exactly what I nit.
I act all surprised, Don't know why my machine died. "Simply unpredictable these Computers are!" I cried.
"So we'll get you a new one,
A computer that won't crash" he exclaims.
Do you think he'll wonder
When the new one acts the same?
Part II Text A
Text Organization l.
Contents Paragraphs
1. Description of the author's virtual life 2-3
2. How she feels about it after staying on the Net for a while 1,4-10, 13
3. What she does to return to the real world 11
4. How she feels about the real world 12
2. The first paragraph tells about the consequences of living a virtual life and the last tells about the author's return to it. Together, they show us the dilemma people at present are in: Because of modern technology, we have a choice between a virtual life and real life, but we find both unsat?isfactory. The author, however, finally has to choose the latter despite its negative effects.
- 114 - Appendix I
2) relationship
4) symptom
6) abusing
8) took (her) in 10) communicate 12) insight
14) data
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) conversely
3) but then
5) spitting
7) tone
9) editing
11) Internet
13) stretched
15) angles
2. 1) The sight of teenagers smoking cigarettes jars on me.
2) I turned on the TV just to relax a little bit after a heavy dinner, but soon I found myself getting sucked in by the fascinating plot of a science fiction film.
3) Jeffrey's computer crashed again this morning. The manager has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check and repair it.
4) During the Vietnam War, many young Americans fled their country to avoid military ser?vice.
Or: During the Vietnam War, many young Americans fled to other countries to avoid military service.
5) The new government is planning an anti-corruption campaign so as to restore people's
confidence in it.
3. 1) The traditional school will never go away, but the virtual c
lassroom is playing a more and more important role. Obviously, the online student relies on the computer. To get started, he must have his computer hooked up to the Internet through a phone line and modem. To be successful, he must keep up with the class and complete all work on time. Once he gets behind, it is almost impossible to catch up.
2) When the economy slows down, the worst nightmare for an employee is losing his job. In addition to money problems, the emotional stress is hard to bear. Hunting for a job is now the daily routine of many workers like Henry Smith. He fills out applications and writes resumes and submits them to various companies, expecting an interview. But in times of rising unemployment, even job interviews are hard to get. He takes great care not to miss any appointment, for if he missed it, it would be all but impossible to arrange for another one.
3) "The bubble has burst. Venture capitalists have become cautious in putting more
Appendix I - 115
money into the IT industry and small investors are taking their cue," said the chairman in his concluding speech. It is clear from these remarks that the ever-optimistic economist has changed his tune.
II. Collocation
1. We came here all the way on foot.
2. Private cars are not allowed on campus.
3. They are on vacation in Florida.
4. Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.
5. Don't worry, Lucy is always on time.
6. Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise.
III. Usage
2. difficult
3. impossible 4. tough
5. hard 6. easy
Structure
1. 1) Anyone who has talked with him will see Mark is a person of remarkable intelligence.
2) The book is of no value to one who is not familiar with the subject.
3) She is a woman of wealth. She never has to worry about money.
4) In today's job market, basic skills in computer science and foreign languages are of great importance.
2. 1) you will find yourself penniless in a month.
2) he found himself lying in a hospital ward
3) she found herself faced with the toughest job she had ever taken
4) Susan found herself in a trap from which she could not escape.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. Internet 2. click
3. nightmare 4. sucked
5. email 6. rely
116 - Appendix I
7. communicating 8. emotional
9. At times 10. flee
11. on line
(B)
1. between 2. The
3. to 4. away
5. on 6. work
7. enables 8. local
9. reach 10. benefits
11. because 12. provides/brings
13. does 14. in
15. making 16. with
17. Nor 18. virtual
II. Translation
Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer. I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frus?trating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without th
e emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.
Part III TextB
Comprehension check
1. c 2. a
3. a 4. b
5. d 6. c
Translation
(#ja Appendix III)
Appendix I
-117-
Language Practice
1. vehicle 2. hooked on
3. intense 4. communication
5. worldwide 6. overnight
7. individual 8. slipped
9. version 10. on the whole
11. called forth 12. outwards
13. acquaintances 14. Needless to say
15. to my knowledge 16. On top of that
17. innocent 18. tendencies
19. plot 20. Scattered
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
The Internet Will Not Isolate Us from One Another
Since I bought a computer last month, a new world has opened up before me, a world that reaches far beyond my immediate surroundings.
Every morning, the first thing I do after opening my eyes is to access the Internet to look at the top news stories of the day. In the evening, I will again sit by my computer and roam the world. The Internet brings me live World Cup football games and the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. It also enables me to communicate with my friends via email. The other day I got a message from an old classmate whom I hadn't heard from for years. She got my email address just by searching the website of my university! In addition to helping us keep up old ties, it also brings me new friends with whom I meet virtually in chat rooms. We exchange views on topics of interest and pour our hearts out to one another like intimate friends.
So, instead of isolating us from one another, the Internet serves to shorten or eliminate distance,
and helps to bring friends closer. (187 words)
大学英语写作套路
各位同学们，我个人认为CET4 和CET6的习作是可以使用套路的'。我认为运用套路基本可以保证10到11分。以下内容出自裘雯老师编写的书。我以后有时间会把范文和必须的谚语也帖上来
大学英语写作套路
1.我的观点（MY VIEW）
When asked about a theme, different people will offer different opinions... is no exception. Some people take it for granted that ... However, others hold that...
As for as I am concerned, that I am in favor for the second view. The reasons are as follows.
First, there is and elements of truth that ... But it doesn’t follow that... A case in point is that ...Therefore, the first view doesn’t hold water.
In conclusion...
2.优点和缺点（Advantages and disadvantages）
Nowadays, ...plays an important part in ... Like everything else, ...has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows
Firstly, ... Besides ... Most important of all ...
But every coin has tow sides. The negative aspects are alse apparent. To begin with, ... To make matters worse of all ...
Through above analysis, I believe that the advantages aspects outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore...
3.怎么办(How to)
Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all ... Another way to solve the problem of ... is ... Finally...
There are not the best and only tow measures we can take. But it should be noted that if we take strong action to ...
4.选择行动(A or B)
When you ... you will be faced with the choice between A and B. Before making the right choice, you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them.
First of all, A... Also, B... Second, A... likewise, B... Despite their similarities, A and B are also different in the following aspects. First, A... However, B... Besides, A... on the contrary, B...
Therefore, it depends with ... you should choose. If you ..., you should choose A; but if you ... you should turn to B.
5.为什么(Why)
There are many reasons for... but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing... for another thing ... Perhaps the prime reason is that ... From the foregoing...
谚语引用：
As proverb goes that......
Ten Chinese traditional virtuesFirst, love filial pietyThis is the virtue of the Chinese nation in the most characteristic part. "Benevolence" is a symbol of the Chinese nation's moral and spiritual, a variety of basic morality is the highest virtues, but also in secular moral life is the most common virtues standards. Core "benevolence" Germany is love, that "benevolent"; the basic content of the virtue of filial piety is Fucizixiao, Xiongyoudigong, it forms a strong sense of family, of the family relationship, and thus also for China social stability played an extremely important role, is the cornerstone of national unity, when feelings of filial piety extended "Forbearance" basic requirements "Forbearance" Morality is based on Sincerity, benefit the people, that is, "All men are brothers", " Its not just the pro-pro, not only son of his son, "the social climate. Thereby forming a Chinese family strong humane social life and zest for life. Love, filial piety, loyalty and forgiveness are the basic content of Rende, also embodies the traditional Chinese , modest mannersChina is the world-famous ceremonies, "ceremony" is the highlight of the spirit of Chinese culture, manners, courtesy, propriety is important to pay attention to the virtues of the Chinese people conduct themselves in society. "Ceremony" is one of the German mother of the Chinese nation, she is rooted in people's heart respectful, politely refuse the heart, in the pair of long, respectful of ethics and politely refuse the love of brothers and friends. "Benefit him, full of hurts," This is the Chinese people since ancient times to understand the truth, Kentoku also rooted in the heart of Rende politely refuse, which is embodied in the face of honor, humility indisputable benefits, as well as relationships of mutual respect. "And the German" reflected in the attitude of the "gas" in the relationships as "harmony" in the value orientation of "harmony", but as a virtue to "neutral", "Manners" and "modest" , "and" better reflects the sentiment of the Chinese , the integrity of knowledge report"Honesty" That's no jump, its basic meaning is sincere to ourselves, honest in their nature. "Sincerity" as the basis, the Chinese people formed a number of related ethics, such as the man's honest, sincere others, loyalty to the cause. "Trust" is the word, talk about faith, the basic requirement is consistent with her words and deeds, "true to its word, line must be fruit." "Newspaper" that famous, "drip grace, the smallest favor." These are also composed of Chinese people's moral conscience and moral conscience of an important component, it is China's important moral simplicity of , sakeDeep patriotic feelings for the motherland is the most simple emotion and character, she as a kind of "thousands of years to consolidate up to their country a deep affection" is the love family love family emotional sublimation, which also the formation of a defense of national dignity, and safeguard the interests of the motherland and noble character. Sake of defending the country's spirit of the Chinese nation great cohesion, but also to promote national development of great spiritual . austerityBecause the Chinese social structure and culture of the traditional family-based ethics, and foster a spirit of holism, and the virtues of austerity is formed on this basis. Is a spirit of order "ritual" of the spirit of nature, the highlight is the overall significance of the individual order, requiring the individual to obey and serve the whole. Therefore it is necessary dedication and self-denial, play its private is public, that is justice, "self-denial" that go beyond the private self-restraint has, subject to the overall. After the private spiritual nature is Xiangong austerity on personal interests to obey the spirit of the public interest of society. This "public" is to strengthen the spirit of nurturing the community, the nation's sense of responsibility and sense of , Xiuji CautiousnessGoodness of faith and goodness of a tradition, so that Chinese ethics, and the whole Chinese culture, are built on to emphasize human dignity and expectations. This epitomizes characterized in cultivating self-discipline and moral cultivation theory emphasizes independent discipline, self-transcendence in order to safeguard human relations and the overall order and establish moral self, its basic spirit is "His", "Maintenance" is when the self alone to discipline, avoiding fear, "immersive abyss, treading on thin ice," the cultivation of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation Xiuji Cautiousness Pursuits moral consciousness in the initiative, creating a gentleman's personality has many noble qualities and strong festival , see Leith justiceOf righteousness and benefit processing relationship epitomizes the value orientation of Chinese Ethics. After the first justice to the justice system benefit is the traditional concept of justice and benefit basic contents and its rational core, it is also very important to the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. The fundamental characteristics and values justice of man, is the essence of Chinese moral spirit, she sublimated as "born to upload justice," "righteousness to Lisheng 'outlook on life, the sublimation of the Chinese nation" Shashenchengren, justice, "the lofty moral realm . This morality is inspired by high ideals hesitate to sacrifice for the national cause important spiritual force, but also the glorious nation of high moral character , thrift IndependentChinese people traditionally regard to thrift, integrity and integrity known to the world. They work self-reliance, forming a labor of love, hard-working, honest and hardworking high quality. "Frugal and Germany to support" it is to ask "indifferent Ming, quiet Zhiyuan," for the government to say it is mainly Morality. Lim is both for the government's requirements, but also ordinary people should have character, because there is no "cheap" is not "clean", no "cheap" is not "out." "Inexpensive" are intended to be trade-offs between, take moral, homes Evil, strict self-discipline. With "clean" it may be "positive." "N" is to follow the public welfare and morality. Against both thrifty nation common values, but also the Chinese people there are , Atsuzane generousChinese traditional moral advocate simple, plain spirit. Chinese people in dealing with others, to "real" as the standard against hypocrisy false. In the long-term moral practice, the Chinese nation has formed many with "real" as the value of the standard norms and virtues. As honest, honest, realistic, pragmatic, really like, advocating the formation of hard work, pragmatism and opposition talk of spiritual practice. On the interpersonal, the Chinese nation has always been generous to the United States, self-discipline, and lenient towards others. In interpersonal relationships, the Chinese people, "Care", "heart to heart." In real life, through generous moral personality to impress others, to achieve any purpose of my communication. Moral Evaluation everyday life tolerant, generous, honest and elderly, are generous character embodies the Chinese , dauntless exerciseThis is a nation in moral Pursuits has the virtue and virtue, or moral will is reflected in terms of virtue. "Courage" have the courage of blood with strength, there are emotional courage with will, justifiably, and abide by a firm moral convictions "courage." "Yi" is to persevere in hardship in perseverance, and perseverance in the ethical norms of. Chinese people attach great importance to "exercise" virtues. Chinese culture believes perfect personality, social progress, the focus is not Zhiyu words, but action. "Gentleman satisfied in words, and sensitive to the line," It is this dauntless exercise of virtue, so that the Chinese people in a variety of dangerous environments can be saved the day, self-improvement, constant progress.
想要写一篇优秀的英文科研论文，就要先知道什么是优秀的论文什么不是。 编辑不喜欢看到的文章类型： （1）逻辑混乱的文章 （2）用语不当夸大其词或表述有误 （3）语法和其他错误百出
通常而言一篇科研论文包含以下部分： Title Abstract Introduction Results Discussion Materials and Methods Acknowledgements
标题是编辑或者阅读者首先看到的，因此取一个好标题至关重要。 我们要用最少的单词概括出文章的主题，对标题有以下三点要求： 1.简洁，完整，易懂 2.避免出现化学式或特殊符号 3.通常采取以下三种形式：短语式、句子式和主副式，比如： 短语式： Cyro-EM structure of human DNA-PK holoenzyme A vital sugar code for ricin toxicity 句子式： Suppression of MAPK11 or HIPK3 reduces mutant Huntingtin level in Huntington's disease models Intermittent fasting promotes adipose thermogenesis and metabolic homeostasis via VEGF-mediated alternative activation of macrophage 主副式： Class I histone deacetylases are major histone decrotonylases: evidecnce for critical and broad function of histone crotonylation in transcription
Abstract的目的是为了帮助读者快速了解文章的内容。 有以下几个要求： 1.独立性和完整性 可以单独存在并能够传达全文核心思想 2.简洁、准确、逻辑性强 因为Abstract有字数限制，我们必须用短短几句话说明全文的核心思想，因此每一个单词和句子都要仔细斟酌 3.形式符合期刊的规范 以发表在Cell Research 的‘5-Hydroxymethylcytosine signatures in cell-free DNA provide information about tumor types and stages’为例：
Green：课题背景 高亮：结果（可以简单提实验方法） 红线：总结（可以适当展望提升）
1.介绍本文研究领域的发展状况（mini-review） 介绍内容一定是与本文主线最相关的研究背景。重要的点一定要涉及到。细节处可以在文中提及时再介绍。 2.通过讨论本研究领域为解决的问题（包括自己之前发表论文未解决的问题），自然过渡到介绍你的实验目的和重要性。 3.在结尾简单介绍本研究所做的内容和结论。 注意： 一定要在有限的篇幅内全面介绍已知科学背景，但是不要过度铺开，只要围绕文章主线着重介绍相关的背景即可。
相对而言这是一篇文章最轻松的部分，但是此部分也是最容易犯错的部分。通常方法材料部分的语法检查最不仔细，常见问题包括：时态、单复数、主动被动语态
1.逻辑很重要，有条理的叙述故事。注意段与段间的逻辑。可以在每一部分的小结果的开篇写一些承上启下的句子以连接段落。
讨论是相对难写的部分，讨论不是对结果简单的罗列，而是对结果进行更为深入的讨论： 你的研究解决了领域中哪些问题和疑惑 你的研究提出了哪些新的可能 以后应该怎样去进一步研究等 一般，还可以在结尾处再总结一下自己的研究成果
1976年，William Zinsser在《On Writing Well》提出优秀写作的三原则：
被动态包括：宾语+谓语+主语，或宾语+谓语 eg： Upon the chemical treatment, the activation of XX signaling pathway could be observed. 可以修改为： We could observe the activation of XX signaling pathway upon the chemical treatment.
General dysfunction of the immune system has been suggested in both mouse and human studies. 可以修改为： Both mouse and human studies suggested that XX (disease) cause general dysfunction of the immune system.
1.不需要介绍性短语。例如：as it is published; as it is known
2.去掉没有意义的词。例如: important
3.啰嗦的词简化，把精力花在主要的句子上 a majority of ->most a number of ->many all four of the ->the four due to the fact that ->because give rise to ->cause
4.重复意义的词或句子用一个 limit condition, output performance
5.剪掉一些副词：very, really, quite
6.用肯定语气 not harmful ->safe does not have ->lacks not correct ->wrong be not the result of A but B ->reflect B rather than A
7.不要常用there is/are There are many ways in which we can handle this case. ->We can handle this case in many ways.
The data suggest there is an association between temperature and crop diseases. ->The data suggest an association between temperature and crop diseases.
It is likely that there exists functional redundancy among XX proteins. ->It is likely that functional redundancy among XX proteins exists.
8.用标点符号来改变句式，精简语言 分号(semicolon): 连接两个独立的从句。 圆括号(parenthesis): 加入解释或一些想法，即使没有这部分句子也应该是独立的。 冒号(Colon): 分隔能力弱于分号，比破折号要正式。用于列举，引用，举例，第二个从句是第一个从句的延伸。 破折号(dash): 表示强调，解释或定义。留给重要的用处。
在英文写作中我们常犯的问题： 1.科学用语的准确性 2.时态错误（描述实验过程结果时用过去式，总结实验结果时用现在时） 3.单复数错误 4.'a','an','the'的使用错误 5.比较不对等： The root length of XX mutant is shorter than wild type rice. The root length of XXmutant is shorter than that of wild type rice. 6.用词或句式单一 7.语序问题 8.句子过长 9.使用口语化用词
【摘要】英语写作能够客观地反映学生多方面的语言运用能力,她要求学生有比较扎实的基本功,具备一定的审题能力、想象能力、表达能力和评价能力.本文主要讲了四个方面的内容：积累、训练、日记、兴趣. 【关键词】英语；写作 how write good an english position luo xin-hua 【abstract】english writing can objectively reflection student various of language usage ability, she request the student be firmer basic achievement, have certain of review an ability, imagination ability, expression ability and evaluation text was main to speak four contents:backlog, train, diary, interest. 【key words】english；writing 英语写作能够客观地反映学生多方面的语言运用能力,它要求学生有比较扎实的语言基本功,具备一定的审题能力、想象能力、表达能力和评价能力.书面表达历来被认为是学生感到头疼、教师组织训练感到吃力费劲的问题.其实,只要指导和练习得法,写作完全可以成为学生分数的一个增值点.通过探索、总结,我认为教师只要在平时指导练习中 采用多途径、多手段的综合型教学,就能解决学生英语写作中存在的问题,从而提高学生的英语写作水平. 1．注意积累,打好扎实的基础 1．1 重视默写,巩固词汇.词汇教学在英语教学中占有重要的地位.衡量一个学生英语写作水平,关键要看他掌握词汇量的多少.教学大纲规定的词汇是经过筛选的,是学生学好英语的最基本的词汇.对于词汇的教学,我的做法是：把常用的、重要的词汇放在每一单元的第一课时来教,因为学生对第一课时比较新鲜,学习效率较高,记忆较深刻.平时反复听写一些常用的、精彩的词、短语和句子.另外,不放松语法知识,可以利用多媒体把词的音、形、义呈现给学生,学生能够在多种感官的协同作用下,迅速建立起词汇各方面的联系,准确掌握词汇各方面的用法.为了达到大纲的要求,提高学生写作能力,我在多年的教学中坚持每天让学生听写单词,还要求学生写出汉语解释和音标,同桌当堂交换批改,教师抽查,记入平时成绩表中,要求正确率在95% 以上.我从初中第一册开始逐册让学生听写,到初三下半学期刚开学再重新听写,这样就使学生在长期的练习中积累了大量的词汇,为学生书面表达打下了坚实的基础. 1．2 重视阅读,扩充词汇量. 1．2．1 阅读是写作的基础,在阅读方面下的功夫越深,驾驭语言的能力也就越强.所以要写好英语先要读好英语, 在语言学习方面狠下苦功,教科书要读透,因为教科书中的文章都是一些很好的范文,文笔流畅,语言规范,精彩的一些课文段落要背诵.再就是要进行大量课外阅读,并记住一些好文章的篇章结构.这不仅丰富了他们的语言内涵,提高了学生的理解能力,同时还为日后的写作积累了丰富的材料,提高了写作技能.大声地朗读可以培养学生的语感,并能把它化解为自己的语言.通过广泛的阅读,不仅有利于学生扩大词汇量,丰富语言,开阔视野,开拓思路,还有利于学生了解英美民族的文化背景、生活、习俗、思维习惯及英语特有的语言表达方式,从而提高阅读理解能力和英语运用能力.学生学到的知识不断出现,反复循环,因而对知识的理解进一步加深,记忆更加牢固了,同时学生从阅读材料中获得诸如语言背景、生活习俗、风土人情等文化信息,开阔了视野,增长了见识.在阅读过程中,学生摸索阅读技巧,积累阅读经验,他们的理解能力和直接应用能力不断得到训练和提高.我们在实际教学中尽量做到课文阅读训练与课外阅读指导相结合,课外精读和课外泛读相结合.由于学生在阅读中扩大了眼界,增长了知识,英语知识水平得到了强化和巩固,进一步开发了智力,而智力的开发又激发了学生的兴趣、意志和动机等非智力因素,促使自己去阅读更多的课外读物. 1．2．2 写好概要、巩固阅读成果.读完一篇文章之后, 也许我们自以为读懂了,但是是否真地读懂了呢?拿什么作为判断阅读效果的标准呢?大量实践表明,读后写概要是一个行之有效的办法.如果写概要的过程进展顺利,可以肯定对短文的理解是到位的,反之则暴露出阅读理解能力或英语书面表达能力有欠缺,无论属于哪一方面的问题,都必须通过大量阅读,学习、欣赏别人的文章,多加训练,才能解决,即俗话所说“熟读唐诗三百首,不会吟诗也会引”的道理. 2．加强练词造句训练 2．1 词句对作文相当于造房的材料,无好材料就造不出好房子.平时在学习阅读时要注意收集积累,把好的词语、短语、句型做好笔记.平时在练习中的错误也要做好记录,再对照正确句子,使地道的英语句子如同条件反射,落笔就对.平时多练习翻译单句,然后把它们串连成段,注意运用适当的修饰词和过渡语. 2．2 学会修改作文.一是检查体裁,看文章的格式布局、开头和结尾用语是否正确；二是检查要点是否齐全,字数是否符合要求；三是检查语法是否有错误,这就和平时的阅读有关,也可建议学生写作时参考教科书或一些有关语法资料,或者向他人求教；四是检查拼写、大小写、标点符号及词形变化是否正确,行文是否流畅,语言是否丰富.再有就是教师的批改,英语作文因为各种各样的错误都有,又不能面批,教师辛辛苦苦批改的作文,学生要么不看,要么不知 错在那里.如用讨论式批改,效果可能好些,可以将一名中等生的作文写在黑板上,在教师指导下,学生集体批改,要求学生指出其中的错误缺点,并予以改正.大多数情况下,学生会踊跃发言.你指出一个错误,他指出一个错误,并改正.说对了用红笔勾上,说错了也没关系,学生找不出的,教师再加以指导,对隐蔽性的错误,教师要重点讲解.这样既让学生积极思考,又让个人的错误有暴露的机会.此外,还可以抽样批改,指导学生自批自改. 3．要养成记英语日记勤练笔的好习惯 经常用英语记日记,等于天天在练笔,这无疑是提高英语写作的行之有效的好办法.在记日记时,不要总是用简单句,而要有意识地用一些好的词组、句型、关联词和复合句等,使文句更优美生动.还有要按照题目或所给情景写文章练笔.写好后对照范文,找出差距,然后再练习,这对提高英语作文也很有帮助. 4．师生互动,培养兴趣 学生既是学习活动的主体,又是教学的对象,教师是教学活动的组织者和管理者.英语教学活动是在一种特定情景中进行人际交往的活动,是师生双方建立平等关系、共同参与教学的过程.在写作教学过程中,教师如果创设一个英语写作所需要的和谐环境,对学生英语写作水平的提高有着很大的影响.我尝试着把课堂交给学生,让学生成为课堂的主 人.现行教材中的许多课文在课后都安排了一些讨论,教师可引导学生就课文中的观点展开讨论或辩论.学生就某个话题先口头讨论,各抒己见,互相启发,打开思路.课堂讨论也可由学生自己主持,造就了更加自由和谐的讨论氛围,促使多数学生交流发言.讨论结束后,要求学生独立构思,把口头上的语言变成书面语言,这样就降低了写作的难度,提高了写作的兴趣. 总之,英语书面表达训练是综合技能的训练之一,是学生对所学语言知识的综合运用,是一个系统工程,它应贯穿于教学活动的全过程.英语的听、说、读、写是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体.功夫在平时,再好的答题技巧也离不开日常的点滴积累,一切急功近利的做法都是徒劳的,大量的训练要贯穿于英语教学的始终.归根到底,学生应多读、多记、多写；教师应多指导、多鼓励、多训练.这样就能取得良好效果.我们深信,有了扎实的基本功,再加上有针对性的训练,学生就能从真正意义上提高英语书面表达能力.