关于美国梦的英语毕业论文

What is the American Dream? The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written in 1931. He states: "The American Dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position." ()In the United States’ Declaration of Independence, our founding fathers: "…held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness." Might this sentiment be considered the foundation of the American Dream? Were homesteaders who left the big cities of the east to find happiness and their piece of land in the unknown wilderness pursuing these inalienable Rights? Were the immigrants who came to the United States looking for their bit of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, their Dream? And what did the desire of the veteran of World War II - to settle down, to have a home, a car and a family - tell us about this evolving Dream? Is the American Dream attainable by all Americans? Would Martin Luther King feel his Dream was attained? Did Malcolm X realize his Dream?Some say, that the American Dream has become the pursuit of material prosperity - that people work more hours to get bigger cars, fancier homes, the fruits of prosperity for their families - but have less time to enjoy their prosperity. Others say that the American Dream is beyond the grasp of the working poor who must work two jobs to insure their family’s survival. Yet others look toward a new American Dream with less focus on financial gain and more emphasis on living a simple, fulfilling Wolfe said, "…to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity ….the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him.", Americans have sought to realise the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. However, the industrialisation of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replacing it with a philosophy of "get rich quick". A variety of seductive but elusive strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth are large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot state lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, examines why so many Americans are persuaded to seek these easy ways to their dream. How does one achieve the American Dream? The answer undoubtedly depends upon one’s definition of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a "City upon a Hill." Martin Luther King, Jr. dreamed of racial equality. [1] Both men yearned for what they perceived as perfection. Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American excellence.[2] One component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent: the quest for money. Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the “almighty dollar.” In a society dedicated to capitalism and the maxim that, “the one who dies with the most toys wins,” the ability to purchase a big house and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not.[3] Yet the question remains, how does one achieve this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratification. Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic, far too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as “easy” money. This article focuses on three phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows, lottery luck, and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth. Instant wealth has not always been a major component of the Dream. Americans have traditionally centered their efforts on thrift and hard work. During the Colonial Period, Benjamin Franklin counseled people on the "The Way to Wealth." Poor Richard's Almanac advised that "Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise." The key to wealth was industry: "Industry pays debts," insisted Poor Richard.[4] Americans of the Early Republic expanded Franklin's notion of industry into a labor ideology. For many the goal was not extravagant wealth, but, rather, economic independence and the opportunity for social advancement through financial gain. Abraham Lincoln insisted that the greatness of the American North was that industry allowed all men to prosper: "The prudent, penniless beginner in the world, labors for wages awhile, saves a surplus with which to buy tools or land, for himself; then labors on his own account another while, and at length hires another new beginner to help him. This…is free labor--the just and generous, and prosperous system, which opens the way for all."[5] In the midst of industrialization following the Civil War, many Americans experienced profound hardship in the changing economic landscape. They found solace in the tales of Horatio Alger, whose characters overcame adversity through industry, perseverance, self-reliance, and self-discipline. The ubiquitous "rags to riches" legend became a cornerstone of American society; anyone could succeed and achieve wealth if they worked hard.[6] The commitment to industry illustrated by Alger's characters, Lincoln's ideals of free labor, and Franklin's practical maxims were further solidified in the American mind by the addition of a religiously based, Protestant "work ethic."[7] Many believed that hard work allowed one to not only achieve financial success, but, through that success, revealed God's grace. Numerous scholars note that the shift away from the traditional American work ethic corresponded directly with the rise of industry. Work values changed dramatically when the assembly line production and machine driven atmosphere of industrial America swallowed up skilled workers.[8] The aftermath of World War II exacerbated the ethical shift as a consumer culture blossomed and Americans became preoccupied with material goods. As one critic noted, “consumed by desires for status, material goods, and acceptance, Americans apparently had lost the sense of individuality, thrift, hard work, and craftsmanship that had characterized the nation.”[9]The result of this shift in work ethic has actually spurred rather than lessened the people’s desire to achieve the American Dream. Yet the real difference is that the Dream has become more of an entitlement than something to work towards. Many Americans no longer entertain a vision for the future that includes time, sweat, and ultimate success. Rather, they covet the shortcut to wealth. Many who are engaged in work view it more as a necessary evil until striking it rich. This idea has been perpetuated by a massive marketing effort that legitimizes the message that wealth can be obtained quickly and easily. Whether through the television entertainment industry, state-based lottery marketing drives, or legal advertisements, Americans are told again and again that the road to the financial success of the American Dream is more a matter of luck than hard

What is the American Dream? The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written in 1931. He states: "The American Dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position." () In the United States’ Declaration of Independence, our founding fathers: "…held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness." Might this sentiment be considered the foundation of the American Dream? Were homesteaders who left the big cities of the east to find happiness and their piece of land in the unknown wilderness pursuing these inalienable Rights? Were the immigrants who came to the United States looking for their bit of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, their Dream? And what did the desire of the veteran of World War II - to settle down, to have a home, a car and a family - tell us about this evolving Dream? Is the American Dream attainable by all Americans? Would Martin Luther King feel his Dream was attained? Did Malcolm X realize his Dream? Some say, that the American Dream has become the pursuit of material prosperity - that people work more hours to get bigger cars, fancier homes, the fruits of prosperity for their families - but have less time to enjoy their prosperity. Others say that the American Dream is beyond the grasp of the working poor who must work two jobs to insure their family’s survival. Yet others look toward a new American Dream with less focus on financial gain and more emphasis on living a simple, fulfilling life. Thomas Wolfe said, "…to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity ….the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him." Traditionally, Americans have sought to realise the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. However, the industrialisation of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replacing it with a philosophy of "get rich quick". A variety of seductive but elusive strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth are large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot state lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, examines why so many Americans are persuaded to seek these easy ways to their dream. How does one achieve the American Dream? The answer undoubtedly depends upon one’s definition of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a "City upon a Hill." Martin Luther King, Jr. dreamed of racial equality. [1] Both men yearned for what they perceived as perfection. Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American excellence.[2] One component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent: the quest for money. Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the “almighty dollar.” In a society dedicated to capitalism and the maxim that, “the one who dies with the most toys wins,” the ability to purchase a big house and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not.[3] Yet the question remains, how does one achieve this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratification. Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic, far too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as “easy” money. This article focuses on three phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows, lottery luck, and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth. Instant wealth has not always been a major component of the Dream. Americans have traditionally centered their efforts on thrift and hard work. During the Colonial Period, Benjamin Franklin counseled people on the "The Way to Wealth." Poor Richard's Almanac advised that "Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise." The key to wealth was industry: "Industry pays debts," insisted Poor Richard.[4] Americans of the Early Republic expanded Franklin's notion of industry into a labor ideology. For many the goal was not extravagant wealth, but, rather, economic independence and the opportunity for social advancement through financial gain. Abraham Lincoln insisted that the greatness of the American North was that industry allowed all men to prosper: "The prudent, penniless beginner in the world, labors for wages awhile, saves a surplus with which to buy tools or land, for himself; then labors on his own account another while, and at length hires another new beginner to help him. This…is free labor--the just and generous, and prosperous system, which opens the way for all."[5] In the midst of industrialization following the Civil War, many Americans experienced profound hardship in the changing economic landscape. They found solace in the tales of Horatio Alger, whose characters overcame adversity through industry, perseverance, self-reliance, and self-discipline. The ubiquitous "rags to riches" legend became a cornerstone of American society; anyone could succeed and achieve wealth if they worked hard.[6] The commitment to industry illustrated by Alger's characters, Lincoln's ideals of free labor, and Franklin's practical maxims were further solidified in the American mind by the addition of a religiously based, Protestant "work ethic."[7] Many believed that hard work allowed one to not only achieve financial success, but, through that success, revealed God's grace. Numerous scholars note that the shift away from the traditional American work ethic corresponded directly with the rise of industry. Work values changed dramatically when the assembly line production and machine driven atmosphere of industrial America swallowed up skilled workers.[8] The aftermath of World War II exacerbated the ethical shift as a consumer culture blossomed and Americans became preoccupied with material goods. As one critic noted, “consumed by desires for status, material goods, and acceptance, Americans apparently had lost the sense of individuality, thrift, hard work, and craftsmanship that had characterized the nation.”[9] The result of this shift in work ethic has actually spurred rather than lessened the people’s desire to achieve the American Dream. Yet the real difference is that the Dream has become more of an entitlement than something to work towards. Many Americans no longer entertain a vision for the future that includes time, sweat, and ultimate success. Rather, they covet the shortcut to wealth. Many who are engaged in work view it more as a necessary evil until striking it rich. This idea has been perpetuated by a massive marketing effort that legitimizes the message that wealth can be obtained quickly and easily. Whether through the television entertainment industry, state-based lottery marketing drives, or legal advertisements, Americans are told again and again that the road to the financial success of the American Dream is more a matter of luck than hard work. 什么是美国梦？ 詹姆斯・首先使用The用语Truslow亚当斯在他的书在1931年被写美国的史诗。 他陈述： “美国梦是“生活应该是好和富有和充分为大家土地的那个梦想，以其中每一的机会根据能力或成就。 它是欧洲上层阶级的一个困难的梦想能充分地解释，并且太多我们我们自己增长疲倦和不信任它。 它不仅仅是汽车和高薪水梦想，但是每个男人和每名妇女能获得到最充分的身材他们是固有地可胜任的和由其他认出社会秩序的梦想什么的他们是，不管诞生或位置偶然性情况”。 () In美国’独立声明，我们的创立人： “是…held某些的真相不言而喻的，那人生而平等，那他们由他们的有某些不能疏远的权利的创作者资助，在这些之中是生活、自由和对幸福的追求”。 这种情绪也许被认为美国梦的基础？ Were自耕农谁在追求这些不可分割的权利的未知的原野离开东部大城市发现幸福和他们的一块土地？ 来到美国寻找他们的位生活、自由和对幸福的追求的移民，他们的梦想？ 并且第二次世界大战的退伍军人的欲望-安定，有家、汽车和家庭-告诉什么我们关于这个演变的梦想？ 由所有美国人美国梦是否是可达到的？ Martin Luther King是否会感觉他的梦想被获得了？ 是否马尔科姆X实现了他的梦想？ Some说，美国梦成为了对原料丰富的追求的那-那人民工作更多小时上更大的汽车，更加花梢的家，繁荣果子他们的家庭的-，但是有较少时间享受他们的繁荣。 其他说美国梦是在必须工作二个工作保险他们的family’s生存工作贫寒的掌握之外。 其他看往与较少焦点在经济获益和更多重点的新的美国梦对居住简单，履行的生活。 Thomas沃尔夫说， “…to每个人，不管他的诞生，他发光的，良机….the居住，工作，是他自己和成为任何事他的成年和他的视觉可能结合做他”。 Traditionally，美国人寻求通过节俭和坚苦工作实现成功、名望和财富美国梦。 然而，第19和20世纪的工业化开始腐蚀梦想，替换它用哲学“得到富有快”。 各种各样诱人，但是逃避战略演变了，并且今天对立即财富的三个主导的方式是大奖电视电视知识竞赛、大困境状态抽奖和报偿诉讼。 在这篇文章上，马修Warshauer，历史学教授在中央康涅狄格州立大学的，审查许多美国人为什么被说服寻找这些容易的方法到他们的梦想。 How一个是否达到美国梦？ 答复无疑地取决于梦想的one’s定义，并且有选择的许多。 约翰Winthrop在小山的一个“城市构想了一个宗教天堂”。 Martin Luther King， Jr.作梦种族平等。 [1]两个人盼望了什么他们察觉作为完美。 学者认可了这些搜寻的广泛变化的构想对美国优秀的。[2]美国梦的一个组分似乎，然而，是相当一致的： 对金钱的搜寻。 少数否认美国人专心地集中于在社会的“almighty dollar.”致力资本主义和， “the人死与多数玩具胜利， ”能力购买一个大房子和一辆精密汽车分离那些人被认为成功从那些人不是的格言。[3]，问题怎么保持，一个达到这成功？ 梦想怎么实现？ 对于许多美国人惯例是一个瞬时，虽然逃避，称心。 而不是遵守传统工作概念，许多美国人他们的把希望寄托在什么的他们察觉当“easy”金钱。 这篇文章集中于顺利地夺取了对美国梦的搜寻在当代美国社会的三种现象。 精明的去市场的人说服了他们的观众电视电视知识竞赛一个新一轮，抽奖运气和赚钱的诉讼是方式对财富。 Instant财富总是不是梦想的一个主要元件。 美国人传统上集中了他们的在节俭和坚苦工作的努力。 在殖民地期间， Benjamin Franklin建议了在“途中的人对财富”。 可怜的理查的年历劝告“及早对床和及早上升，使一个人健康，富裕和明智”。 财富的钥匙是产业： “产业支付债务”，被坚持的可怜的理查。[4]早期的共和国的美国人扩展了产业的富兰克林的概念入一个辛苦思想体系。 对于许多目标，宁可，是没有侈奢的财富，而是经济独立和社会推进的机会通过经济获益。 Abraham Lincoln坚持，美国北部的伟大是产业允许所有人繁荣： “慎密，身无分文的初学者在世界上，薪水的劳方一会儿，保存买工具或土地，他自己的节余; 然后独自地劳动帐户别的，当和充分雇用另一个新的初学者帮助他时。 This…is自由劳力--正义和慷慨和兴旺的系统，开辟所有的道路。” [5] 在跟随内战的工业化中间的，许多美国人体验了在改变的经济风景的深刻困难。 他们发现了在Horatio Alger的传说的安慰，字符通过产业、坚持不懈、自力和自我训练克服患难。 普遍存在的“对财宝的旧布”传奇成为了美国社会基石; 如果他们努力，工作任何人可能成功和达到财富。[6]对Alger的字符说明的产业，自由劳力林肯的理想和富兰克林的实用格言的承诺在由一个宗教上基于，新教徒“工作概念的加法的美国头脑里进一步变硬了。” [7]许多通过那成功相信坚苦工作允许一不仅达到财政成功，但是，显露了上帝的雍容。 Numerous学者注意到，远离传统美国工作概念的转移对应了直接地与产业的上升。 当装配线生产和机器被驾驶的大气工业美国吞下熟练工，工作显著被改变的价值。[8]第二次世界大战后果使道德转移恶化，当消费者文化进展，并且美国人变得对物质物品出神。 因为状态的欲望注意的， “consumed一位评论家，物质物品和采纳，美国人显然地丢失了描绘了nation.”的自立性、节俭、坚苦工作和技巧[9] 这转移的The结果在工作概念中实际上激励了而不是变小people’s欲望达到美国梦。 真正的区别是梦想比某事成为了更多权利工作往。 许多美国人不再愿意考虑展望为包括时间、汗水和最后成功的将来。 相反，他们垂涎捷径对财富。 参与工作视图它更多作为直到触击它的一种必要的罪恶富有的许多。 这个想法由使消息合法的大销售永存财富可以得到迅速和容易地。 通过电视娱乐业，基于状态的抽奖营销是否驾驶或者法律广告，美国人再次被告诉向美国梦的财政成功的路比坚苦工作是更多运气问题。

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