首页 > 论文发表知识库 > 关于美国梦的英语毕业论文

关于美国梦的英语毕业论文

发布时间:

关于美国梦的英语毕业论文

Some say, that the American Dream has become the pursuit of material prosperity—thatpeople work more hours to get bigger cars, fancier homes, the fruits of prosperity for theirfamilies—but have less time to enjoy their prosperity. Others say that the American Dream isbeyond the reach of the working poor who must work two jobs for their family's survival. Yet others look toward a new American Dream with less focus on financial gain and moreemphasis on living a simple, fulfilling life.有人说,美国梦已经演变成对物质繁荣的追求——为了买更高级的车,住更豪华的住宅,改善家庭经济状况,人们工作时间增长——却没有足够时间来享受他们的劳动成果。也有人说是美国梦是那些努力工作,为了养家一人兼两职,但是报酬却很低的穷人无法实现的。然而,还有一部分人开始追求新的美国梦,即注重简单而充实的生活,更少地关注经济利益。

What is the American Dream? The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written in 1931. He states: "The American Dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position." ()In the United States’ Declaration of Independence, our founding fathers: "…held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness." Might this sentiment be considered the foundation of the American Dream? Were homesteaders who left the big cities of the east to find happiness and their piece of land in the unknown wilderness pursuing these inalienable Rights? Were the immigrants who came to the United States looking for their bit of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, their Dream? And what did the desire of the veteran of World War II - to settle down, to have a home, a car and a family - tell us about this evolving Dream? Is the American Dream attainable by all Americans? Would Martin Luther King feel his Dream was attained? Did Malcolm X realize his Dream?Some say, that the American Dream has become the pursuit of material prosperity - that people work more hours to get bigger cars, fancier homes, the fruits of prosperity for their families - but have less time to enjoy their prosperity. Others say that the American Dream is beyond the grasp of the working poor who must work two jobs to insure their family’s survival. Yet others look toward a new American Dream with less focus on financial gain and more emphasis on living a simple, fulfilling Wolfe said, "…to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity ….the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him.", Americans have sought to realise the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. However, the industrialisation of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replacing it with a philosophy of "get rich quick". A variety of seductive but elusive strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth are large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot state lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, examines why so many Americans are persuaded to seek these easy ways to their dream. How does one achieve the American Dream? The answer undoubtedly depends upon one’s definition of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a "City upon a Hill." Martin Luther King, Jr. dreamed of racial equality. [1] Both men yearned for what they perceived as perfection. Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American excellence.[2] One component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent: the quest for money. Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the “almighty dollar.” In a society dedicated to capitalism and the maxim that, “the one who dies with the most toys wins,” the ability to purchase a big house and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not.[3] Yet the question remains, how does one achieve this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratification. Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic, far too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as “easy” money. This article focuses on three phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows, lottery luck, and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth. Instant wealth has not always been a major component of the Dream. Americans have traditionally centered their efforts on thrift and hard work. During the Colonial Period, Benjamin Franklin counseled people on the "The Way to Wealth." Poor Richard's Almanac advised that "Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise." The key to wealth was industry: "Industry pays debts," insisted Poor Richard.[4] Americans of the Early Republic expanded Franklin's notion of industry into a labor ideology. For many the goal was not extravagant wealth, but, rather, economic independence and the opportunity for social advancement through financial gain. Abraham Lincoln insisted that the greatness of the American North was that industry allowed all men to prosper: "The prudent, penniless beginner in the world, labors for wages awhile, saves a surplus with which to buy tools or land, for himself; then labors on his own account another while, and at length hires another new beginner to help him. This…is free labor--the just and generous, and prosperous system, which opens the way for all."[5] In the midst of industrialization following the Civil War, many Americans experienced profound hardship in the changing economic landscape. They found solace in the tales of Horatio Alger, whose characters overcame adversity through industry, perseverance, self-reliance, and self-discipline. The ubiquitous "rags to riches" legend became a cornerstone of American society; anyone could succeed and achieve wealth if they worked hard.[6] The commitment to industry illustrated by Alger's characters, Lincoln's ideals of free labor, and Franklin's practical maxims were further solidified in the American mind by the addition of a religiously based, Protestant "work ethic."[7] Many believed that hard work allowed one to not only achieve financial success, but, through that success, revealed God's grace. Numerous scholars note that the shift away from the traditional American work ethic corresponded directly with the rise of industry. Work values changed dramatically when the assembly line production and machine driven atmosphere of industrial America swallowed up skilled workers.[8] The aftermath of World War II exacerbated the ethical shift as a consumer culture blossomed and Americans became preoccupied with material goods. As one critic noted, “consumed by desires for status, material goods, and acceptance, Americans apparently had lost the sense of individuality, thrift, hard work, and craftsmanship that had characterized the nation.”[9]The result of this shift in work ethic has actually spurred rather than lessened the people’s desire to achieve the American Dream. Yet the real difference is that the Dream has become more of an entitlement than something to work towards. Many Americans no longer entertain a vision for the future that includes time, sweat, and ultimate success. Rather, they covet the shortcut to wealth. Many who are engaged in work view it more as a necessary evil until striking it rich. This idea has been perpetuated by a massive marketing effort that legitimizes the message that wealth can be obtained quickly and easily. Whether through the television entertainment industry, state-based lottery marketing drives, or legal advertisements, Americans are told again and again that the road to the financial success of the American Dream is more a matter of luck than hard

What is the American Dream? The term was first used by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written in 1931. He states: "The American Dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position." () In the United States’ Declaration of Independence, our founding fathers: "…held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness." Might this sentiment be considered the foundation of the American Dream? Were homesteaders who left the big cities of the east to find happiness and their piece of land in the unknown wilderness pursuing these inalienable Rights? Were the immigrants who came to the United States looking for their bit of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, their Dream? And what did the desire of the veteran of World War II - to settle down, to have a home, a car and a family - tell us about this evolving Dream? Is the American Dream attainable by all Americans? Would Martin Luther King feel his Dream was attained? Did Malcolm X realize his Dream? Some say, that the American Dream has become the pursuit of material prosperity - that people work more hours to get bigger cars, fancier homes, the fruits of prosperity for their families - but have less time to enjoy their prosperity. Others say that the American Dream is beyond the grasp of the working poor who must work two jobs to insure their family’s survival. Yet others look toward a new American Dream with less focus on financial gain and more emphasis on living a simple, fulfilling life. Thomas Wolfe said, "…to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity ….the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him." Traditionally, Americans have sought to realise the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. However, the industrialisation of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replacing it with a philosophy of "get rich quick". A variety of seductive but elusive strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth are large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot state lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, examines why so many Americans are persuaded to seek these easy ways to their dream. How does one achieve the American Dream? The answer undoubtedly depends upon one’s definition of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a "City upon a Hill." Martin Luther King, Jr. dreamed of racial equality. [1] Both men yearned for what they perceived as perfection. Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American excellence.[2] One component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent: the quest for money. Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the “almighty dollar.” In a society dedicated to capitalism and the maxim that, “the one who dies with the most toys wins,” the ability to purchase a big house and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not.[3] Yet the question remains, how does one achieve this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratification. Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic, far too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as “easy” money. This article focuses on three phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows, lottery luck, and lucrative lawsuits are the way to wealth. Instant wealth has not always been a major component of the Dream. Americans have traditionally centered their efforts on thrift and hard work. During the Colonial Period, Benjamin Franklin counseled people on the "The Way to Wealth." Poor Richard's Almanac advised that "Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise." The key to wealth was industry: "Industry pays debts," insisted Poor Richard.[4] Americans of the Early Republic expanded Franklin's notion of industry into a labor ideology. For many the goal was not extravagant wealth, but, rather, economic independence and the opportunity for social advancement through financial gain. Abraham Lincoln insisted that the greatness of the American North was that industry allowed all men to prosper: "The prudent, penniless beginner in the world, labors for wages awhile, saves a surplus with which to buy tools or land, for himself; then labors on his own account another while, and at length hires another new beginner to help him. This…is free labor--the just and generous, and prosperous system, which opens the way for all."[5] In the midst of industrialization following the Civil War, many Americans experienced profound hardship in the changing economic landscape. They found solace in the tales of Horatio Alger, whose characters overcame adversity through industry, perseverance, self-reliance, and self-discipline. The ubiquitous "rags to riches" legend became a cornerstone of American society; anyone could succeed and achieve wealth if they worked hard.[6] The commitment to industry illustrated by Alger's characters, Lincoln's ideals of free labor, and Franklin's practical maxims were further solidified in the American mind by the addition of a religiously based, Protestant "work ethic."[7] Many believed that hard work allowed one to not only achieve financial success, but, through that success, revealed God's grace. Numerous scholars note that the shift away from the traditional American work ethic corresponded directly with the rise of industry. Work values changed dramatically when the assembly line production and machine driven atmosphere of industrial America swallowed up skilled workers.[8] The aftermath of World War II exacerbated the ethical shift as a consumer culture blossomed and Americans became preoccupied with material goods. As one critic noted, “consumed by desires for status, material goods, and acceptance, Americans apparently had lost the sense of individuality, thrift, hard work, and craftsmanship that had characterized the nation.”[9] The result of this shift in work ethic has actually spurred rather than lessened the people’s desire to achieve the American Dream. Yet the real difference is that the Dream has become more of an entitlement than something to work towards. Many Americans no longer entertain a vision for the future that includes time, sweat, and ultimate success. Rather, they covet the shortcut to wealth. Many who are engaged in work view it more as a necessary evil until striking it rich. This idea has been perpetuated by a massive marketing effort that legitimizes the message that wealth can be obtained quickly and easily. Whether through the television entertainment industry, state-based lottery marketing drives, or legal advertisements, Americans are told again and again that the road to the financial success of the American Dream is more a matter of luck than hard work. 什么是美国梦? 詹姆斯・首先使用The用语Truslow亚当斯在他的书在1931年被写美国的史诗。 他陈述: “美国梦是“生活应该是好和富有和充分为大家土地的那个梦想,以其中每一的机会根据能力或成就。 它是欧洲上层阶级的一个困难的梦想能充分地解释,并且太多我们我们自己增长疲倦和不信任它。 它不仅仅是汽车和高薪水梦想,但是每个男人和每名妇女能获得到最充分的身材他们是固有地可胜任的和由其他认出社会秩序的梦想什么的他们是,不管诞生或位置偶然性情况”。 () In美国’独立声明,我们的创立人: “是…held某些的真相不言而喻的,那人生而平等,那他们由他们的有某些不能疏远的权利的创作者资助,在这些之中是生活、自由和对幸福的追求”。 这种情绪也许被认为美国梦的基础? Were自耕农谁在追求这些不可分割的权利的未知的原野离开东部大城市发现幸福和他们的一块土地? 来到美国寻找他们的位生活、自由和对幸福的追求的移民,他们的梦想? 并且第二次世界大战的退伍军人的欲望-安定,有家、汽车和家庭-告诉什么我们关于这个演变的梦想? 由所有美国人美国梦是否是可达到的? Martin Luther King是否会感觉他的梦想被获得了? 是否马尔科姆X实现了他的梦想? Some说,美国梦成为了对原料丰富的追求的那-那人民工作更多小时上更大的汽车,更加花梢的家,繁荣果子他们的家庭的-,但是有较少时间享受他们的繁荣。 其他说美国梦是在必须工作二个工作保险他们的family’s生存工作贫寒的掌握之外。 其他看往与较少焦点在经济获益和更多重点的新的美国梦对居住简单,履行的生活。 Thomas沃尔夫说, “…to每个人,不管他的诞生,他发光的,良机….the居住,工作,是他自己和成为任何事他的成年和他的视觉可能结合做他”。 Traditionally,美国人寻求通过节俭和坚苦工作实现成功、名望和财富美国梦。 然而,第19和20世纪的工业化开始腐蚀梦想,替换它用哲学“得到富有快”。 各种各样诱人,但是逃避战略演变了,并且今天对立即财富的三个主导的方式是大奖电视电视知识竞赛、大困境状态抽奖和报偿诉讼。 在这篇文章上,马修Warshauer,历史学教授在中央康涅狄格州立大学的,审查许多美国人为什么被说服寻找这些容易的方法到他们的梦想。 How一个是否达到美国梦? 答复无疑地取决于梦想的one’s定义,并且有选择的许多。 约翰Winthrop在小山的一个“城市构想了一个宗教天堂”。 Martin Luther King, Jr.作梦种族平等。 [1]两个人盼望了什么他们察觉作为完美。 学者认可了这些搜寻的广泛变化的构想对美国优秀的。[2]美国梦的一个组分似乎,然而,是相当一致的: 对金钱的搜寻。 少数否认美国人专心地集中于在社会的“almighty dollar.”致力资本主义和, “the人死与多数玩具胜利, ”能力购买一个大房子和一辆精密汽车分离那些人被认为成功从那些人不是的格言。[3],问题怎么保持,一个达到这成功? 梦想怎么实现? 对于许多美国人惯例是一个瞬时,虽然逃避,称心。 而不是遵守传统工作概念,许多美国人他们的把希望寄托在什么的他们察觉当“easy”金钱。 这篇文章集中于顺利地夺取了对美国梦的搜寻在当代美国社会的三种现象。 精明的去市场的人说服了他们的观众电视电视知识竞赛一个新一轮,抽奖运气和赚钱的诉讼是方式对财富。 Instant财富总是不是梦想的一个主要元件。 美国人传统上集中了他们的在节俭和坚苦工作的努力。 在殖民地期间, Benjamin Franklin建议了在“途中的人对财富”。 可怜的理查的年历劝告“及早对床和及早上升,使一个人健康,富裕和明智”。 财富的钥匙是产业: “产业支付债务”,被坚持的可怜的理查。[4]早期的共和国的美国人扩展了产业的富兰克林的概念入一个辛苦思想体系。 对于许多目标,宁可,是没有侈奢的财富,而是经济独立和社会推进的机会通过经济获益。 Abraham Lincoln坚持,美国北部的伟大是产业允许所有人繁荣: “慎密,身无分文的初学者在世界上,薪水的劳方一会儿,保存买工具或土地,他自己的节余; 然后独自地劳动帐户别的,当和充分雇用另一个新的初学者帮助他时。 This…is自由劳力--正义和慷慨和兴旺的系统,开辟所有的道路。” [5] 在跟随内战的工业化中间的,许多美国人体验了在改变的经济风景的深刻困难。 他们发现了在Horatio Alger的传说的安慰,字符通过产业、坚持不懈、自力和自我训练克服患难。 普遍存在的“对财宝的旧布”传奇成为了美国社会基石; 如果他们努力,工作任何人可能成功和达到财富。[6]对Alger的字符说明的产业,自由劳力林肯的理想和富兰克林的实用格言的承诺在由一个宗教上基于,新教徒“工作概念的加法的美国头脑里进一步变硬了。” [7]许多通过那成功相信坚苦工作允许一不仅达到财政成功,但是,显露了上帝的雍容。 Numerous学者注意到,远离传统美国工作概念的转移对应了直接地与产业的上升。 当装配线生产和机器被驾驶的大气工业美国吞下熟练工,工作显著被改变的价值。[8]第二次世界大战后果使道德转移恶化,当消费者文化进展,并且美国人变得对物质物品出神。 因为状态的欲望注意的, “consumed一位评论家,物质物品和采纳,美国人显然地丢失了描绘了nation.”的自立性、节俭、坚苦工作和技巧[9] 这转移的The结果在工作概念中实际上激励了而不是变小people’s欲望达到美国梦。 真正的区别是梦想比某事成为了更多权利工作往。 许多美国人不再愿意考虑展望为包括时间、汗水和最后成功的将来。 相反,他们垂涎捷径对财富。 参与工作视图它更多作为直到触击它的一种必要的罪恶富有的许多。 这个想法由使消息合法的大销售永存财富可以得到迅速和容易地。 通过电视娱乐业,基于状态的抽奖营销是否驾驶或者法律广告,美国人再次被告诉向美国梦的财政成功的路比坚苦工作是更多运气问题。

我的美国梦 英文作文,你所需的作文资料,在顺溜作文网 里可以找到,修改一下就可以了。10万条免费作文资源,不用注册即可浏览下载。有中小学作文,高中作文,英语作文,毕业论文以及中高考作文,作文指导、作文相关素材等免费资源。

有关于中国梦我的梦毕业论文

我的中国梦 2梦境的似真还假、亦真亦幻令人不胜惊叹、唏嘘不已,梦的飘渺、梦的美妙不断地陶醉着梦中人,这种精神现象曾经令多少文人骚客为之神往,多少志士仁人为之奋斗。正是梦的存在使我们倍加前进的勇气和取胜的信心,因为梦,我们的世界更加多彩和美好。 有人说中国是一个难以创新的国家,因为中国没有梦和敢做梦的人,有人说中国人的处世风格是世界上最现实的,比一般的商人还无利不起早。但是,在历史上,中国和中国人是历来不缺少梦的。庄生梦蝶体现了思想的自由释放,万户的奔月更是表现了追求的大胆探索,从秦汉的明月到唐明的关城,中国人的梦不但一直在做,而且为了到达梦境的彼岸去不断地尝试和冲击,于是我们有了引以为傲的四大发明,有了浩若烟海的文学艺术,成就了中国的伟大和不同凡响。 可如今一提起梦,我们现在的中国人首先想到的是荒诞不经,如果说到要为之努力,周边的人除了会给予更多的白眼和不屑外,就不会再看第二眼了,至于梦中的机会和可能就永远地被湮没了。在我们的视野中梦只是孩童的天真和痴人的乱语,我们生活在聪明人的现实世界,我们要发展,我们要理性、我们要挣钱,我们要……我们究竟要什么,生活必须这样过吗?每当深夜来临的时候,当我们蘸着唾沫津津有味地数着红红的革命成果的时候,我们的心在哪里?当我们为了生存四处奔波,当我们为了金钱付出一切的时候,我们得到了什么,而又失去了什么呢?难道我们的欲望只有更多的钱才能满足?我们得到了钱,却失去了梦。 “我有一个梦想”,这是马丁·路德金的著名演讲,描绘了他心目中的美国梦--一个没有歧视和偏见、追求公平和正义的梦想。正是有了这样的追求、这样的坚持,才成就了今日美国的强盛。 当我们现在醉心于美国的文明和富有的时候,是否曾经想过我们也曾经有过那样的辉煌,当我们现在耳边到处充斥美国梦的时候,可曾想过中国梦的存在。有人会问中国梦存在吗?我说美国梦一开始就存在吗,人清醒地时候是很难做梦的,时时刻刻只考虑现实性和可能性那还叫梦吗? 美国梦成就了今日美国,那么未来中国就更需要中国梦来成就她将来的辉煌。我们的中国梦需要我们敢想敢梦的勇气,需要我们克服现实的障碍,需要我们努力实现梦想的信心。跳出既有思维和生活的范式,走出现实的压抑,在生活中去寻觅真善美的踪迹,在生活中重造梦中的美好。 如果有人问我,你的中国梦是什么,我会说,我的中国梦是中国要有梦,中国人要敢做梦。 因为有梦就有创新,有梦才有未来。

梦想在长城脚下放飞,希望在我们脑海中点燃。黑暗中一盏明灯,指引着我们的去向。记得苏格拉底说过:世界上最快乐的事,莫过于为理想而奋斗。我们从不怀疑,因为梦想只要经过奋斗,就可能变成现实。哪怕没有成功,我们也不后悔,因为我们至少奋斗、努力过。“我的中国梦”,和“梦”联系在一起的“国”不再空洞,和一个个“我”联系在一起的“梦”不再抽象。这里的“中国梦”不是一串漂亮的宏观数据,不是畅销书榜单上“大国崛起”,不是外国媒体派送的花篮或炮制的标签,它属于每一个平凡的中国人。“国”,要为每个社会个体实现自我价值提供公平的机会和正义的土壤,为他们体面劳动、尊严生活、合理上升提供最大保障。而“我”,要在改变自身命运的过程中相互守望、共同担当,为这个时代、这个社会、这个国家注入更多自信、温暖与希望。物质日渐富足,国力持续提升,新世纪第一个十年即将走完,“我的梦•中国梦”少了些沉重,多了些自由与开放,也更多闪烁出精神需求的光芒。正如《开学第一课》讲述的那样,今天的梦想不一定都是宏大叙事,袁隆平“干到九十岁,种出亩产一千公斤杂交水稻”是梦想,高原上的藏族小女孩喜欢跳舞、以后想当个舞蹈老师也是梦想。梦想也不一定都那么自我、那么“本土”、那么物质,创造财富是梦想,用手中的财富回馈全世界、影响全世界也是梦想。也许,现在“我的梦”中还有一些迷惘,“中国梦”中也还有太多需要自我完善和提升的地方,但每个梦想都值得尊重,并应该获得被平等放飞的机会。我的梦想是当一个可以救死扶伤、挽救生命的医生。我的妈妈是一名医生,所以我知道当医生有多累。但我更知道当妈妈成功救治了一个患者是,心中的快乐和自豪是难以想象的。我希望能有很多拥有这些梦想的同学,大家能够一起努力。说不定未来的中国将会减少很多悲伤痛苦,多出很多欢歌笑语。为中国出份绵薄之力。每个人,都可以有一个“中国梦”,就好像每个人都可以仰望星空,星光洒在每个人的脸上,照亮更加丰沛的人生,也照亮更加灿烂的中国。

提供几篇范文供你参考,希望对你有所帮助与启发,字数限制只能粘贴部分:1."中国梦"文化起源和发展梦如同人的身影一般,既司空见惯,又神秘莫测,既虚无飘渺,又真实可见。若说梦是幻觉,然梦中之人物事件,醒后皆历历在目;若说梦是真实之表现,然醒后难找与梦中人物事件完全一致者。有时日有所思,夜即梦之;有时梦中所见,日即遇之。梦之神秘至此,我们的祖先亦早知之,即产生梦文化。梦反映出人类内心世界,以及潜意识和意识之间的联系。在人类文明史上,梦始终被人们视为一个谜。在原始部落中,梦甚至是被当成天神降临或是妖魔附体。中国梦文化的历史演变梦文化的含义,梦是做梦者的一种心理体验,一旦这种体验突破梦者个体的界限,在人们之间互相交流,大家共同关注和思考的时候,它便成为一种具有社会性的文化现象,它是一种很奇特复杂的文化. 中国梦文化作为中国特殊的精神文化,具有自己固定的思想内涵和清晰的历史线索,在形式上与宗教哲学,艺术类的精神文化有着明显的不同,它不是以一种"凝聚态"的形式存在活动演变的,是以"发散态"的形式存在演变活动的.梦文化的这种形式,与其它的"凝聚态"精神文化,具有更强的渗透力和作用力.梦文化的主体也是整个中国文化的各个层面环节和角落,都可以看到梦文化的存在和它产生的影响.中国古代占梦迷信的历史演变,历代占梦书的流传和考证,种种的占梦术的秘密,90年出版的<睡虎地秦墓竹简日书>,是中国现代出土时间最早的梦书文本,在具体剖析占梦术的过程中,揭穿蒙昧性欺性,采取客观的态度,肯定占梦过程在不自觉的形式中,可能接触到梦的性质以及其活动机制的某些方面.研究历史文化现象,对于陈腐的东西不能够没有批判,但是批判要有实事求是的分析依据,讲明道理,破解除迷信,解放旧思想.梦体验是在个体身上发生的,过程和感受也是个体性的,它不只是属于某些个体,人人共同具有共同感受的.在人们日常交往中,互相交流这种体验与感受,大家共同关注和思考的时候,它便形成一种具有社会性的文化现象-梦文化.来自:.中国政治模式成就“中国梦”衡量一个国家的政治模式是否成功,标准和标志可能是多维的,但最主要的是看能否促进和保证国家经济社会快速、全面、稳定地发展,并在此基础上提高综合国力和人民的福祉。由此判断,中国现有的政治模式是成功的。“为了下次选举还是为了下一代”,是人们对政党竞选口号的尖锐批评为什么30年中国创造了人类历史上的奇迹,取得“井喷式的发展”?一种观点把中国30年的进步归于以市场为取向的改革,这只说对了一半,忽视了中国现有政治模式对经济发展、社会进步的推动、促进和保障作用。中国的政治模式在一个落后国家发展市场经济、实现现代化的过程中发挥了突出的作用,表现出巨大的优势。来源:.“中国梦”与世界梦什么是中国梦?中国梦就是实现中华民族的伟大复兴,建设一个富强、民主、文明、和谐的伟大国家。为什么要把中国梦与和谐世界联系在一起?这是中国梦的三个突出的特点所决定的。第一,规模大。在近代史上,崛起大国中最突出的例子是美国。美国1776年独立,1913年人均GDP超过英国。1914年美国人口是9800万。今天,中国在崛起,人口是13亿。可以想象,中国在崛起的过程中,会有多少人实现自己的梦想。这个规模可能是人类历史上没有先例的。转贴来源:

2010年9月1日上午9点整,北京市奋斗小学38个教学班的学生安静地坐在教室里,收看《开学第一课》。当电视屏幕上出现一群朝气蓬勃的少年握紧拳头、坚定地说出“少年智则中国智,少年强则中国强;我的梦是中国梦,中国的梦是我们的梦”时,孩子们个个坐得笔直,全神贯注,生怕错过了精彩的瞬间。今天,全国共有亿名中小学生同时收看了《开学第一课》。开学第一天,由教育部和中央电视台联合推出的以“我的梦·中国梦[1]”为主题的大型公益节目《开学第一课》在中央电视台播出。节目分为“我的梦”、“坚持梦想”、“探索梦想”、“中国梦”4个篇章,既有袁隆平院士、马云、李连杰、房祖名、章子怡等知名人士参与,也有一批少年英雄登台亮相,如豆豆、张子枫。节目还通过网络征集了全国中小学生的10万个梦想。编辑本段上课详情当主持人王小丫讲述舟曲孩子的梦想时,几度哽咽,也感动了电视机前的学生们。韩璇是舟曲县城关一小二年级学生。灾难来临时,她的爸爸从离家200米的地方飞奔回来,但看到的已是一片泥沙。整整3天,爸爸在泥土堆里拼命地挖啊找啊,直到看见了那枚红色的发卡。泥土堆里的韩璇,长发上满是泥浆,爸爸为心爱的女儿最后一次洗净了头发,亲手为她扎起了小辫。爸爸说,小韩璇的梦想是当一名老师,他们家有一块小黑板,小韩璇经常在上面写写画画,还让爸爸妈妈坐在小板凳上,听她讲课。虽然小韩璇没有机会实现这个梦想,但梦想绝不会消逝,即使是房屋倒塌,生命不再,梦想一定还在!今天上午9点,湖北800万中小学生同上开学第一课。武昌实验小学利用多媒体教学系统为全体学生播放了《开学第一课》。不时爆发的掌声、满含泪水的双眼……精彩的节目震撼着师生的心灵。该校四年级(A)班的黄小璐说:“以前我总是一遇到困难就想放弃,节目里那个没有手臂却能用脚弹出美妙琴声的大哥哥让我明白,只有永不放弃,才能实现梦想。”“这种开学第一课的形式非常好,既能吸引学生又能教育学生。”“钢琴王子”郎朗小学期间的班主任、现任沈阳市浑南一小校长冯凝说:“全社会都来宣传和弘扬崇高的理想,是对教育工作的最大支持。过去往往是学校‘单枪匹马’地进行德育,而今天的第一课,为孩子树立了追寻梦想的榜样,这一课上得非常有意义!”2010年9月1日,湖南桂东县、安化县、龙山县相关学校均组织广大师生同时收看了《开学第一课》,并举行了梦想大集合活动。安化县二中高一学生唐倩说,自己连续三年收看《开学第一课》,这次感触尤其深刻:进入高中了,梦想就是努力考上一所理想的大学,要像袁隆平那样用自己的智慧,倾尽毕生精力造福全人类。北京奋斗小学1400多名学生今早一到校,先参加了隆重的开学典礼。结合即将播出的《开学第一课》,典礼的主题定为“做脚踏实地的快乐追梦人”。校长见培炎充满激情地讲道:“我愿全校每一个同学的心中都装有很多的梦、美好的梦、多彩的梦……我希望同学们能把自己的梦想和祖国的强盛、人民的幸福紧紧地联系在一起。希望同学们大胆地做梦,快乐地追梦,在追梦中成长,成为造福于祖国和人民的人。”亿名中小学生是中国未来的希望,从小培养孩子们的梦想,对中国未来发展至关重要。每个孩子的梦想聚集起来,就汇成了明天的中国梦。央视一套节目部副主任许文广告诉记者,希望《开学第一课》成为孩子们一个共同的记忆,成为引领其价值观和人生观健康发展的推动力量,这正是《开学第一课》的意义所在。

有关红楼梦的英语毕业论文

my favorite book

As a student, we have studied for many years. During these years, we have been studing Chinese, English, science and so on. In this period, with the improvement of our knowledge, we not only read the books in class but also read extracurricular after school. In my opinion Dream of the red chamber is the best book I have read. In this book, the great author Cao xueqin expressed his view about love. He had firmly faith in what is the true love and try to tell us that there are different kinds of love, only one kind which should be considered as True expressed his firm belief on true love. Among different types of love, only one was considered true love.)

A Dream of Red MansionsA Dream of Red Mansions, an ancient novel written by Tsao Hsueh-chin and Kao Hgo; Dream of Red Mansions, an English translation by Yang Hsien-Yi and Gladys Yang, illustrated by Tai Tun-Pang, Volumes I II III, 1,900 pages, hardcover with cloth, Foreign Language Press, Beijing, 1995 The novel as a literary genre has a long history in China, germinating at the time of Wei and Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties (. 220-589), growing apace through Tang and Song, and blossoming forth in full splendor during the Ming and Qing Dynasties with the emergence of some renowned writers and works of which the best known are Luo Guanzhong of late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties and his Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shi Naian of the same period and his Outlaws of the Marsh, Whu Chenen of Ming Dynasty and his Journey to the West and Cao Xueqin of Qing Dynasty and his book A Dream of the Red Mansions. All these full-length novels are characterized by a plicated and interesting plot, an extensive vista and scope, vivid and realistic characterization and elegant and evocative language, testifying to the high artistic achievement of the authors and the maturity of novel writing in early Chinese literature. These books have enjoyed great popularity among the people and exerted a tremendous influence on their minds. Many of the characters and stories in these novels are known to everyone in China, not excluding housewives and children.

1.介绍上海的购物中心 Shanghai City shopping center covers an area of 66,000 square meters, construction area of 80,000 square meters, total construction area of 360,000 square meters, consists of o grade a Office building to high standards and prehensive shopping mall consisting of a very large. One-stage opening of 80,000 square meters. HongQiao Shanghai City shopping center to promote "casual, fashion" style, for the Shanghai people, successful people, expatriates provides an elegant environment, cordial and warm to meet the demand for a rich life and taste, leisure, entertainment, dining, shopping, activities, health content plurali *** of international leisure and shopping venues. HongQiao Shanghai City Shopping Center 上海城购物中心占地面积66000平方米,建筑面积80000平方米,总建筑面积360000平方米,由两栋高标准甲级写字楼及一个超大型综合性商场组成。

一期开业80000平方米。

虹桥上海城购物中心以倡导"都会休闲,引领时尚"之风格,为上海民众、成功人士、外籍人士提供一个环境优雅、亲切温馨,满足丰富生活与品味需求,具备休闲、娱乐、美食、购物、活动、健康多元内容的国际化休闲购物场所。

2.介绍一个旅游景点 云南昆明 Kunming, Yunnan, it is called spring city, it is very beautiful. North is now far away frozen over, Wanli snow drift, but are feeling that there is winter in Kunming, it is still a profusion of garden flowers spring, blooming Camellia flowers, plum and cherry blossoms that bloom to the interpretation of stone forest in suburbs of Kunming, jiuxiang, West Hill, national village, is a very famous tourist attraction. Qifengguaishi of the stone forest, jiuxiang dangerous, deep, and, strange cave, Longmen, the sleeping beauty mountain, Xishan, have left a deep impression on us.云南昆明,人称春城,确实非常美丽。

北方现在已是千里冰封,万里雪飘了,但在昆明却没有寒冬的感觉,它依然花红柳绿春意盎然,怒放的山茶花,竟相绽放的梅花和樱花演绎着昆明近郊的石林、九乡、西山、民族村,都是非常著名的旅游胜地。

石林的奇峰怪石,九乡的险、幽、雄、奇溶洞,西山的龙门、睡美人山,都给我们留下了深刻的印象。

3.我的大学生活 In College, there will be no more teacher lesson of well-meaning and anti-corrosion of tireless explanation; does not have to do exercises every day and paper; nor every day anxiety, anguish in order to score, ranking sth University will not be from class 5 points out quarters until 10 o'clock in the morning back rest; do not like to see the dream of something but is afraid of being found by the teacher and hide oneself from place to place, even more important is, at the University there are all kinds of activities waiting for you to participate in and experience, which is considered something is a waste of time in high school. In fact, we can learn from these things a lot--textbooks and no knowledge, learn a lot of experience or lessons learned College colorful sth 在大学,不会再有老师苦口婆心的教诲和防腐不知疲倦的讲解;不会有每天做不完的习题和试卷;也不会天天为了分数、名次而焦急、苦恼…… 大学中绝不会有从早上5点出宿舍上课直到晚上10点才回去休息的情况;也不会因为喜欢看《红楼梦》但怕被老师发现而东躲西藏的事情,更重要的是,在大学里有各种各样的活动等着你去参加和体验,而这些在高中都被视为纯属浪费时间的事情。

其实,从这些事情中我们也能学到许多知识——课本里并没有的知识,学到许多经验或是教训,学到大学的丰富多彩……

“四大名著”全称“四大古典文学名著”是“四大奇书”的现代说法,时间自然也不会早了。

因此,“四大名著”(四大奇书)的提法一定是出现在《红楼梦》成书之后。

相较于“奇书”,“名著”的称呼更有文化意味,更强调在文化上的成就,四大名著不是某个人定下来的,而是在流传过程中广大读者研究、解读、衡量后评定出来的,四大名著承载了许多文化精华,在潜移默化中对许多人的思维智慧、为人处世方式产生了影响,对往后社会思潮、社会风气、政治生态变化有着深远影响。

中国的四大名著公认为:《三国演义》(罗贯中)、《水浒传》(施耐庵)、《西游记》(吴承恩)、《红楼梦》(曹雪芹);(是上世纪50年代人民文学出版社出版这四部名著的时候定名为“四大名著”,从此定名)。

The "four famous" full name "four big classical literature" is "the four masterpieces" of the modern view, time will not be the natural early. Therefore,the "four famous" (four books) formulation must be appeared in the "a dream of Red Mansions" into a Book to the "writing", "call more cultural meaning of classics", moreemphasis on cultural achievements four classic is not a person to settle down,but in the process of circulating readers research, interpretation, measuredafter the asses *** ent, the four famous hosts a number of cultural essence,imperceptibly to many human thinking wisdom, Weirenchushi way influence,has the profound influence on the later social ideological trend, socialatmosphere, change of political 's four famous recognized as: "the romance of the Three Kingdoms" (Luo Guanzhong), "the Water Margin" (Shi Naian), "journey to the west" (Wu Chengen), "a dream of Red Mansions" (Cao Xueqin); (is the last century 50'sthe people's Literature Publishing House of the four classics of the time known as the "four famous". From the name).

推荐杨宪益的。

从事汉诗英译的国人当中,杨宪益可能真的是最好的。

杨宪益的英译之所以好,除了他有在英国留学的经历以及对多国文学的深刻感悟之外,还有一个优势就是他在翻译过程中,如果吃不准某种译法是否地道,他可以随口问坐在他右手边的戴乃迭女士。

一般认为,杨宪益最大的翻译成就是他的《红楼梦》英译。

关於杨宪益的《红楼梦》翻译艺术,冯庆华主编的《红译艺谈》一书,尤其是其中罗平对「红诗」英译的三个章节论述已经相当全面,我在这里只是想补充几条。

有些专家在谈到《红楼梦》的英译本时,声称在西方社会,大卫·霍克斯译本接受度高,杨译本接受度低。

这导致国内一些不知情的人认为杨译本差,霍译本好。

这种看法是片面的。

其实,英美读者出於对自己熟悉的出版社的偏爱,很自然地就会选择非常著名的企鹅出版社的霍译本,而不是中国的外文出版社的杨译本。

在做统计工作时需要以不同的参数来计算。

由於翻译策略上的差异,即使杨译本不如霍译本好,那也不是一般意义上的好坏,而是两个优秀译本之间的差异。

刘朝晖在美国亚利桑那州立大学对学生进行过抽样调查,分析他们对《红楼梦》杨、霍两个英译本的接受情况。

结果显示两个译本在总体上各有千秋。

杨译本偏向於直译,具有文化内涵的词语,在霍译本里被淡化或者转化,在杨译本里都照直译出,所以整体上杨译本的词汇量比霍译本要大很多。

而霍译本文字流畅,有明显的阅读 *** ,但他喜欢使用长句,不太适合当代读者的阅读习惯。

读过两本美国出版的专著,其中提及有关霍译本和杨译本在美国读者中的评价。

一是威廉·倪豪士教授的《中国古典文学手册》,印第安纳大学1986年出版。

这本书称赞杨译《红楼梦》是「完整而准确的」,同时称赞霍译《红楼梦》是「精致的」,认为两个译本同样优秀。

另一本是玛格丽特·贝利教授的《中国古典小说:英语书目笺注》,加兰出版公司1988年出版。

这本书称赞杨译《红楼梦》:「根据各地的读者反馈,杨译本和霍译本都具有很高的价值……学生的评价认为,有时他们更喜欢杨译本,因为它是更加感人的、同情的、贴切的。

」书中还称赞杨译本「在某些方面略胜一筹,如对诗歌的翻译、私密对话的呈现,以及一些描写悲哀、感人的章节。

」...

红楼梦的,希望你喜欢啊 As a student, we have study for many years. During there years, we study Chinese, English, science and so on. In this period, with the improvement of our knowledge, we not only read the books in class but also read extracurricular after school. In my opinion Dream of the red chamber is the best book I have read. In this book, the great author Cao xueqin his view about love. He had firmly faith in what is the true love and try to tell us that there are different kinds of love, only one kind which should be considered as True Love. In a dream, and under mythical circumstances, the main character of the novel, Jia baoyu, met the Fairy Disenchantment in the Land of Illusions. She showed him three "registers" each containing the names and "the happenings in life" of 12 girls in his clan. Each girl represents a kind of love. From the stories which are unfolding in the novel, the reader should know the characteristics of the different kinds of love, and should be able to distinguish True Love from the other kinds. True love is acceptance, mittal, mutual and without any post conditions. The love beeen Lin daiyu and Jia baoyu is considered to be True Love. Just saying or hearing I love you is not good enough because talk is cheap. Action in mutual mitment is essential, as we can see in the novel. We always have dreams. What's ours dream? Do you know what you exactly want? And do you work hard for it. In this book, you can taste the feeling of the author about his strong will. In his words, you can find the charm of Chinese. It is not a book, but a precious deposits. You can get a lot from it. But unfortunately, the novel was never "pleted" to such a state. On the other hand, maybe, it is another kind of beauty of the book. If you have not read this book yet, just go and read it. You will love it.

There is a reading-room in our is a good place for students to stay,only because the reading-room is usually very quiet and it has lots of different books and magazines for students to the books in the reading-room cover the books from different aspects,such as the books about history,arts, geography, philosophy, literature and even math , physics,chemistry, and so may choose whatever books you like in the reading-room in our school opens at 8: and closes at 8: you like,you can stay there for the whole course, you need show your student's card to the library you can surf in the "ocean of knowledge".You will not be disturbed by anybody. Anybody who used to be a student must have a very good memory of the is the first time for us to read books with lots of people in the same room without any 's a very impression in our minds.

昨天,我们还依偎在父母身边任性;而今,我们开始用自己的眼睛重新发现自己与他人。

告别无邪纯真的童年,我们蓦然发现,生活向我们掀开新的一页,一个丰富多彩的世界展现在我们眼前,那么多的第一次令我们目不瑕接,心情激荡;一切开始改变,仿佛一夜之间,我们被施了魔法一般开始意识到自己的成长,这就是青春的魔力,她正在轻轻地敲开我们的心灵之门。

我突然间发现自己似乎长大了,如小鸟的羽毛日渐丰满,就要向蓝天飞翔;如小树的年轮增添了一圈,就会越发粗壮。

我是中学生了,不愿像风筝,按他人的意图升降,而愿像雄鹰那样搏击长空。

或许我仍会向你调皮地回眸一笑,仍会对 “大风车”全神贯注。

朦胧中的我,一只脚兴冲冲地跨进青春的门槛,另一只脚却在童年的梦中不肯出来。

我是初中生了,不喜欢与同学们一起做游戏,总喜欢背着画夹,提着 “百宝箱”去大自然中写生、采树种。

骄阳似火的夏日,是我翱翔的季节。

蝉声一起,我就迫不及待地换上短装,兴致勃勃地冲下楼去,去吃桑葚,去摘柳条儿编个花篮……“杯水可起千层浪”。

虽然我不太成熟,但我也有一个小世界,拥有一些小秘密。

我会为琐碎小事而发愁,为成绩进步而快乐。

我喜欢月光下的茉莉,喜欢穿一身雪白的衣裙。

我是初中生了,渴望把世界名著通读一遍,阅读一下保尔·柯察金英勇平凡的一生,欣赏一下莎士比亚的人间悲剧,认识一下施耐庵笔下行侠义的梁山好汉,品味一下曹雪芹十年写就的《红楼梦》……我是中学生了,把青春的倩影藏在镜中,不时瞅瞅自己的容颜会不会比其他女孩逊色,身穿着时髦款式的衣裙,在镜前飘然起舞。

我应该……当这种欲望刚刚萌发,似乎有个声音在我耳边低语: “要塑造有个性的自己,去追求自然美!”我是一个中学生了,也开始追逐政治的步伐,将告别红色飘带,准备接受团徽的召唤。

但希望之舟,惟恐经不起风霜的嘲讽,只得暂时 “搁浅”在心中——违心地把崇高的信念表现为表面的满不在乎,掩饰内心的撞击。

然而,我又意识到:13岁的我,对于这些似乎显得成熟过早,但13岁绝不是犹豫彷徨的年龄,而应当在暴风雨中执著追求,促使自己不断进取。

哦,这就是一个初中生,一个正在迈向成熟,却又稚气未脱的13岁女生。

dear sir/mdmMerry Christmas!!! i wish this Christmas will be a memorable one for you. First of all, i would like to express my gratitude for your guidance and patience. You kind words have constantly motivated me to work hard to improve my English (或者别的什么科目,看你老师教什么). i would like to say a big "thank you". Without you, i will not be who i am sincerely hope that you will continue to teach me, not only English, but also lessons in life. once again, i wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new sincerely,xxx

转载请注明出处 » 为什么喜欢曹雪芹的《红楼梦》英语作文

在全球化时代,随着国际交流日益增多,中国对高质量英语人才的要求也达到了前所未有的高度。英语教学在中国高等 教育 体系中占据着举足轻重的地位,也肩负着社会培养高质量人才的重任。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于 毕业 英语论文 范文 大全的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!毕业英语论文范文大全篇1 浅谈老水手的心理历程——《苦舟子咏》 读后感 [摘要]:《苦舟子咏》是英国19世纪湖畔派诗人柯勒律治的一首长诗。全诗是一个充满了奇幻之美的的航海 故事 。全诗探索人生的罪与罚问题,诗人把热爱宇宙的万物泛神论思想和____思想结合起来,宣传仁爱和基督____罪思想。诗中的水手的心理活动刻画得细致入微,水手杀掉信天翁表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物,他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物,也就除掉了对这个世界的感情,最后水手内心发生转变,以新的态度对待自然,为此他才得以解脱出来。 [关键词]:老水手;道德;内疚;痛苦;赎罪 Abstract: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is one of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s masterpieces. It is a long poem, telling a story in the form of ballads .The poem can be approached as a dream voyage to another realm, as a story of sin and expatiation, or as the quiet essential representation of the alienated isolated modern individual. 一、作者简介 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)1772年10月21日生于英格兰西南部德文郡一个乡镇牧师的家庭。9岁丧父,被送往伦敦基督慈幼学校上学,熟读希腊、罗马文学。19岁入剑桥大学,与骚塞相识。当时两人都同情法国革命,但又都害怕革命暴力,于是设想去美洲建立乌托邦社会。计划失败后柯尔律治移居英格兰部西部湖区,致力于写诗,并与华兹华斯结成密友。他憎恶资本主义城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系,于是远离城市,隐居于昆布兰湖区,寄情山水或缅怀中世纪的宗法社会。他们创作出歌颂大自然的或美化宗法制农村生活方式的诗篇,以抵制丑恶的资本主义现实。因此被称为“湖畔派诗人”。1798年,两人合作出版著名的《抒情歌谣集》。同年他与华兹华斯兄妹到德国 留学 ,被康德的哲学和耶拿派的诗歌理论和创作所吸引。回国后继续居住于湖区,与华兹华斯保持往来。柯尔律治年青时代即患有风湿痛等多种疾病。为求镇痛他长期服食鸦片竟至上瘾,故健康大受损害。晚年他贫病交加,1834年7月25日逝世于海格特。柯尔律治的作品以真的细节描绘超自然的神秘事物,令人甘愿暂时不去考虑普通情理而信以为真,并在领略到一种怪异的美的同时获得教益或良知的觉醒。柯尔律治的创作实践和理论建设,不仅影响过他的同时代人,也影响了包括和他政治态度相左的拜伦、雪莱和济慈,而且,对于时至今日的诗歌艺术探索者,仍具有重要的借鉴价值。他在英国文学史上有重要地位,是浪漫主义思潮的重要代表。 二、《苦舟子咏》简介 《苦舟子咏》是柯尔律治唯一一部完整的长诗。这部长625行的叙事谣曲是一个神秘恐怖的浪漫故事:一名老水手对一个赴结婚宴的客人讲述了他自己的可怕的故事。客人想走开,赶快去赴宴,却为老水手眼中的特殊表情所吸引住,不得不站在那里把这个故事听完了。老水手和同伴们坐了一艘船出海去。一路上很平安。然后遇到了一阵暴风,暴风过后,这位水手却无端地射杀一只了航海者认为好运象征的信天翁。因此,厄运又降临了。船驶进静海中,那里没有风也没有浪;太阳如火如荼地照耀着。海水绿绿地满载着腐物。船停在那里不动,老水手被视为这次厄运的造因者。水手们都渴得要死去,仿佛有一只船要驶进救他们却又消失不见了。那是一只幻船,水手们一个个都死在甲板上,每个死者的眼光都注定在这位杀死信天翁的水手身上。全船的人,只有他没有死。后来,他对于自所做的恶罪觉得悔恨。于是天使们可怜他的悲苦,使死尸们站了起来,仍去做水手们的职务。他们开上了帆。虽然没有风,船却渐渐地移动。于是,这船一直驶到了老水手的故乡。一个领航者离了海岸,出来迎接。但在他到这船之前,它却突然地沉下了,留下了这位老水手在海波中与死神挣扎着。他被领航者所救。后来,他一想起那时受的言之不尽的痛苦,便不能忍。他的心在体内烧着,一直到了把这可怕的故事说了出来,方才觉得舒服。 三、分析老水手的心理历程 “自由、平等、博爱”是资产阶级道德重要规范。“自由、平等、博爱”的 口号 是资产阶级革命时期提出来的。它既是资产阶级的政治主张,又是资产阶级道德的重要内容。这一口号的提出不仅在政治上曾经起过推动历史进步的作用,而且在人类道德发展史上也是一个巨大的进步,因为它否定了人身依附关系,肯定了人身自由;否定了等级特权,肯定了人的平等;否定了把人不当人的非人道主义的博爱思想。一句话,肯定了人的尊严、价值以及个人对幸福的追求。所以,它对个性的张扬和自我意识的发展,对人们挣脱禁欲主义、蒙昧主义、等级主义的枷锁都起到了巨大的革命作用。 西方____的万物泛神论主张神无处不在,万物都是神的表象。这种主张认为:上帝就等于万事万物;任何个别事物就是上帝;世上的事物实际上都是虚无的。 在这两种思想的支配下,作者把信天翁认为是基督____徒。老水手无端地射死了信天翁,表示他拒绝社会给他的礼物,他除掉了深爱自己并代表超自然的事物,也就除掉了对这个世界的感情。老水手违反上天的指意,违反自然规律,射死了无辜的信天翁,必然要受到惩罚。于是,灾难来了:风停了,船无法前进,阳光酷热,水手们口干舌燥。这时候,有人指责老水手——“你怎敢放肆,将神鸟射死!是它引来了南风。”此时,老水手开始意识到自己行为的错误。于是,他开始不断地感到内疚。心理学认为,在道德情感系统中,羞耻感是其中的一个元素。毕达哥拉斯要求人们对自己言行进行反省以后,就应该在内心里对卑劣的行为感到羞耻、悲哀和恐惧;对善良行为感到欣喜。沙莆慈伯利认为,道德上的善恶主要取决于感情系统中的羞耻感。他说:“凡出自不公正的情感所作的,就是不义恶行和过失;如果情感公正、健全、良好,并且情感的内容有益于社会,而且还是以有益于社会方式施行,或有所感动,这就必定在任何行动中构成我们所说的公平和正直。”不义、恶行和过失将引起人们的羞耻感。羞耻感是个人的自我道德意识的一种表现,表示一个人对自己的行为、动机和道德品质的谴责时的内心体验。良心是羞耻感的的主要作用机制,常表现出焦虑、羞愧和内疚等情绪。道德焦虑是一种复合情绪。其中,痛苦和畏惧是主要构成“因子”。但它仅以避免外在处罚为目的,是低级形式的羞耻感,可又是羞耻感发生的基础。那么,羞耻感的真正作用是什么?是内疚,只有内疚才是高度的主体意识的产物,它激活潜在的思维和力量,专注与对过失的懊悔和追悔的行为,促进个体的心理成熟。如果个体内疚匮乏,那他将对道德不屑一顾,达不到“有羞知格”的认识。同时,羞耻感要以自尊为前提,一个没有自尊的人是不会知耻的,更不会自责。自尊体现了对自我社会话的切近,没有自尊的防卫,就不可能有自责的意识和行为的发生。老水手对自己的不道德行为知耻,惭愧和悔恨。老水手真是由于良心发现才深感自己行为的错误,于是惶惶终日,不断自责自己。 事态进一步发展,在他忏悔和祈祷下挂在脖子下的鸟掉下来了,但是同行的水手都因为缺水而一个个地死去,只有老水手一个人活着。这似乎是上帝对他的又一个惩罚。他一方面觉得自己的罪行深重,导致了其他水手的死亡——痛苦;另一方面在茫茫大海中,一条船上就他孤零零的一个人——恐惧。于是他的内心又经历了一场痛苦与恐惧的考验。良心是每个人自身内部的道德评析,是自己对自己行为道德价值的认识、认知、判断、态度、感情、体验、意向、意志、动机等一切心理反应活动。老水手不断对自己惊醒良心谴责。良心的基本因素是感情,感情是对需要的体验,是心理的动力因素。它一方面产生良心的认知因素,推动自己去判断自己行为的道德价值;另一方面则产生良心意志因素,推动自己做出改过迁善的选择。在行为过后,良心对行为的后果有影响和评价作用。对于履行了道德义务并产生了好后果的影响和行为,它便于进行自我谴责,使人感到内疚、惭愧和悔恨。这种自我谴责,往往能形成一种力量,促使人们改正自己的行为。 后来,老水手虔诚地祈求海蛇破开魔法,他才获救得以回家。人非圣贤,孰能无过?人生在生活中不免发生道德过失。道德反省就是通过对道德过失的追悔,从而激励人们采用新的道德行为去补救已经酿成的道德不幸,并且通过对道德过失的觉醒为将要开始的道德行为提供罗盘。道德反省的实质在于主体对自己已作的道德选择进行批判性的分析,是在主体已经体验到自己的道德行为存在着过失的情况下,从而进行的对自己内心的深刻 反思 。通过反思,要为今后的行为提供新的路线和方案,明白来者可追,逝者可补。在今后的行动过程中,要用千倍的补偿替代原有的损失;通过反思,主体对自我发展和自我需要与社会道德的系统会领悟得更加深刻。 故事的最后,老水手回到了家。于是出现了开篇的那一幕:他极力拉住去赴婚宴的人,让他们听他讲这个离奇的故事——他想寻找听众,承认自己的错误,说出自己的故事,解除内心的痛苦——赎罪。尽管老水手已经虔诚忏悔,但还是有种负罪感难以释怀,于是他渴望被人理解,宣泄出来以排除内心的痛苦。生活也是这样,当我们遇到困难、痛苦的时候,不要封闭自己,找一个忠实的听众,把自己的苦恼说给他听。这是一种释放压力的好 方法 。 总之,柯尔律治的这首诗歌以神秘、怪诞著称,其中的心理描写可谓是典范!诗歌探讨了罪与罚、善与恶,生与死等哲学问题,宣传了一切生物皆上帝听造的教义。但诗歌的真正价值并不在故事本身或它所包含的哲理上,而在以造型艺术的精确性和音乐的流动感为读者创造了一幅幅神奇的海洋画面:时而风平浪静,沉寂安宁;时而风暴骤起,一片喧嚣。在写作此诗时,柯尔律治并不熟悉大海,但他能凭借想象,使真实的情形与幻想的景象互相交织,把平凡的细节与诗意的象征融为一体,充分显示了瑰丽奇特的想象能力。在诗艺上,长诗将英国民歌的自由与古典文人诗的谨严冶于一炉,炼就出适合表达浪漫主义情绪的活泼自然的诗体,而长诗的音韵与节奏之美,也表现了诗人能让文字进行歌唱的本领。 [参考文献]: 《英美文学选读》 天津大学出版社出版 《英国文学简史》 河南人民出版社出版 《道德心理学》 中南大学出版社出版 毕业英语论文范文大全篇2 浅谈东西方数字九的 文化 对比分析与翻译 一、前言 "数是人类思维发展到一定阶段,为适应社会生产活动的需要,在符号的帮 助下产生的。"(苏金智,19 91)"数字是语言学中的一个特殊的领域。在科 学的数字世界里,它的功能是计算,秩序严谨,职司分明,是 实数;而在人类 心灵的数字世界中,它的功能是表义,许多数字经过“神化”后成为“玄数”、 “虚数”、“ 天数"。它们有着极其丰富的外延和内涵。"(王秉钦,1998) 由于受东西方文化传统、宗教信仰、语言崇拜、地理环境等方面的影响,数 字的神化存在着东西方的差异 ,但也存在着共性,有着共同的规律。在"数的 灵物崇拜"上各民族都有普通性。东方人有自己心目中的"天 数",而西方人 也有自己心目中的"神数"。神秘数字的演化规律一般经过"神化—泛化—虚 化"的过程。( 王秉钦,1998) 东西方已有不少有关数字科学的专著和论文, 如毕达哥拉斯(phythagoras) 学派的T·丹齐克的《数 科学语言》(商务印书馆,1998),英国人伦拉德·法 拉的《七的探源》;国内也有不少学者就数字写过著作 和论文,并开展过学术探 讨。如,王秉钦教授在其《语言与翻译新论》的中篇第六章就以"数的语义范围 比较 与翻译"为专题;苏金智曾写过《数的灵物崇拜》(载〈语言、社会、文化》 440页, 语文出版社,1991,1) 等。在1998 年南昌大学主办的"中国英汉语 比较研究会第二届年会暨第三次学术研讨会"上,英汉文化对比专 业委员会会 员曾就中南工业大学外语学院吴玲英老师的《中西文学中"以三为法”的文化模 式》展开了激烈的 讨论。本人认为东方人,尤其是中国人,自己心目中的天数 是"九"而不是"三",也并非完全是因为"九" 是"三"的倍数。 二、东西方数字"九"的文化对比分析 在我国,人们之所以把"九"看成是自己心目中的"天数"和最富有神奇色 彩的数字, 是因为"九" 这个数字的象征意义(symbolicmeaning),在我国可 以说历时最久,涉及面也最广。 "九"作为数不同于一 般数字,在中国古代被 认为是一种神秘的数字,它起初是龙形(或蛇形)图腾化之文字,继而演化出"神 圣" 之意,于是中国古代历代帝王为了表示自己神圣的权力为天赐神赋,便竭 力把自己同“九”联系在一起。如天 分九层,极言其高,天证/诞日为正月初 九,天子祭天一年九次。更有趣的是连皇宫建筑都与"九"有关。例 如,北京 城有九门,天安门城楼面阔九问,门上饰有九路钉(即每扇门的门钉纵横各九排)。 汉语词汇中也常 用"九"来形容帝王将相的称谓,如"九五之尊"(imperial throne);称官位仅次于皇帝的王爷为"九千岁 "等。 根据阴阳五行与数的关系,万物之根均为数,宇宙也是数。数始于1而终于 10,五行也是数,按传统的五行 理论来划分,则1、2为木:1为阳木,2为阴 木。以3、4为火:3为阳火,4为阴火。以5、6为土:5为阳土,6为 阴土。 以7、8为金:7为阳金,8为阴金。以9、10为水:9 为阳水,10为阴水。这 就是将"象"、"数"与五行 结合起来推演变化,用以显示事物发展变化的内 在联系。由此看来,"九"是最大的阳数,象征着天。 传说 古 代中国人把天分 为九层,九层天是天的最高处,汉语中有关词汇有"九重霄"(指极高的天空, "九霄云外" ,"九天揽月","九天九地"等。另外,天坛,这个明清两代 祭天的场所,其建筑无处不体现着“九”的象 征意义。 民间传说中还有"九头 鸟"(nine-headed bird: a fabulous bird whose appearance was f ormerlyregarded as a bad omcn)的故事。 中国人以"九"为大数,刘师培在《古书疑义举例补》一书中写道:"凡数 指其极者,皆得称之为'九' ;"《素问》中说:"天地之数,始于一,终于 九。"因此,汉语中有"九九归一"或"九九归原"之说。因 从"九"为数之 极而引出人生之限,故"明九"或"暗九"均为人生之"坎",避讳有“九”之 岁。例如:“ 老太太因明年八十一岁,是个暗九。"(《红楼梦》)。日本人一般 认为"九"是"苦命和痛苦"的象征,因 为"九"与"苦"同音,因此忌讳 "九"。然而,《外语与外语教学》曾报道过国内一位学者曾为考证这一点 ,采 用"全选法"将日本某地电话号码其中的几千个姓和名分别进行统计,结果发现 将"九"作为姓的只占极 少数(约占),而将"九"作为名的却不少(约 占35%)。看来,日本人忌讳"九"也并非绝对。 此外,《词源》中说:"九:虚指多数。""九"作虚数解时,是数的一种 语义模糊现象。《现代汉语词 典》中,"九"的意思有三个:(1)数目,八加一 后所得;(2)从 冬至 起每九天是一个"九",从一"九" 数起,二"九"、三 "九",一直数到九"九"为止。冬练三九,夏练三伏;(3)表示多数或多次: 九泉,三 弯九转等。因此, 汉语中有不少和"九"有关的 成语 。如:"九牛一 毛"、"九死一生"、"九牛二虎之力" 、"九流宾客"等等。 在我国,数字"九"涉及面在所有数字中最广。含有数字"九"的词汇也十 分丰富。如,"九州"是指传 说中的我国上古行政区划,后用作"中国"的代 称。因此,有的全国性的电视节目就取名为“九州方圆”;“ 九族"(the nine degrees of kindred: either thenine generations from one's great-great-gr andfather down toone's great-great-grandson;or four generations of one'spatemal relations, three generations of one's matemalrelations, and two generations of noe's wife's relatio ns),古代有一种残酷的刑法叫"诛灭九族";古代传说 "龙生九子,各有所好"。因此,《红楼梦》第九回 中用"一龙生九种,种种各 别"来比喻贾氏家族族大人多,龙蛇混杂,好坏不一,各种各样的人都有。还有 " 九龙杯"等。此外,在文娱、体育等词汇中,数字"九"也比比皆是。如, 许多歌名都以"九"开头:"九妹 "、"九九艳阳天"、"九百九十九朵玫瑰" 等;乐器中也有"九音锣";在体育活动中,"九柱戏"(nine pins),兵器中 有"九节鞭"[但这与西方文化中的"九尾鞭”(cat-o '-nine- tails: an instrurnent of punishment so calledfrom the nine pieces of leather or cord which compose it)意义不大一样]。 地名中也有一些以"九"开头的,如"九 寨沟"、"九华山"、"九江"和"九龙"等。此外,中国人常把" 九"看成 为吉祥数字之一。在申请电话号码时,人们宁愿多出 钱去买一个尾数为"8"或 "9"的吉祥号码。比 如,湖南有线电视台的"欢乐热线"号码为"16899919"。 在西方,数字"九"也是人们心目中的"神数"之一。对西方人来说, "九"的象征意义是"神性"、 "神圣之至"。 英语权威字典Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's ThirdIntema tional Dictionary 中 对"九"所解释的意义比《现代汉语词典》所解释的意义还多,分别有: 1)one more than eight, three threes, the square of three;2) nine units of objects (a tota l of nine) ; 3) a: thenumerable quantity symbolized by the arabic numeral 9; b: thefigure 9 ; 4) nine o'clock——compared Bell table, timeillustration; 5) the ninth size in a set series: as a; aplaying team of nine members, baseball team; b:the firstor last 9 hol es of an 18-hole golf course…。 其中收入与"九"有关词语和成语多达近二十条。常用的有: a nine-day's wonder (an object or event that creates ashort-lived sensation) ____Those political expositions…that make a nine day'snine wonder till something fresh c omes alone——Mary Deasy. nine times out of ten(very often) be dressed up to the nines(elaborately dressed, as for aformal occasion) ____She dressed herself up to the nines and went to theparty. in the nineholes:in the difficult situation nine-men's morris: morris played with nine counters A cat has nine lives: A cat can move so fast and jump sowell that he seems to escape being killed many times. 从以上的解释还可以发现一个规律:数字"九"及其倍数在西方也被广泛运 用于文娱和体育活动中。如, 保龄球(bowling )中的瓶状木柱数(ninepins) 为"九"; 高尔夫球 球场有一十八个洞:跳子棋的棋板上各 方均为九个孔; 古 时英国还有一种九个男人一起跳的舞蹈(morrisdance)等。由此看来,数字"九" 也倍 受西方人的青睐。 总之,在东西方文化中,数字"九"含有以下主要共性: 1)东西方大多数人把数字"九"看成神秘的数字, 其象征意义均有"神 圣"之意。 2)在东西方文化中,数字"九"均可虚指多数。 3)数字"九"被广泛运用于文体项目中。 数字“九”在东西方文化中的个性恐怕主要在于:对中国人来说,其神奇色 彩要比西方人更浓;其象征意 义的历史在东方文化中比西方文化中更悠久;其 涉及面在东方文化中比西方文化中更广泛。 三、数字"九"的翻译问题 罗马西塞罗说过:"翻译不是字当句对,而是保留语言的总风格和力 量。""按分量而不是按数量译词" 。此处所说的数字是指经过神化、泛化、 虚化了的"虚数","实数"的翻译不在此例。根据这一理论,结合 东西方文 化的共性与个性,可采用如下的翻译方法,并遵循以下的翻译原则。 可采取的翻译方法主要有: (一)保留原数字 . We thought our cat would be killed when he fell fromthe roof of the house. He was not, he used up one of his ninelives. 我们以为我们的猫从屋顶掉下来会死了,它并没死,只失掉九条命中的一条。 这样翻译过来,人们很容易接受,因为人们已熟悉"猫有九命"这个成语, 并能够促进东西方文化的融合 。 (二)转换成各民族喜爱的数字 out of ten——十之八九 nine days' wonder———可翻译为"昙花一现", 这样翻译可以加深对奈 达的"对等"和纽马克的"转 换"翻译理论的理解。 (三)增舍数字 比如,"九死一生"可翻译成"a narrow escape from death;survival after many hazards";又如 ,"九九归一,还是他说的话对。"可翻译成"All things considered,what he says is right."其译文均 舍弃了数字,转译其 形象意义。 应遵循的原则主要有: (一)民族性原则 比如,汉语中的"费了九牛二虎之力",《汉英词典》(外研社,1996)的译 文有三个:"strain onese lf to the limit; use everyounce of one's strength; make herculean efforts"。笔者认为第二种译文 "use every ounce of one's strength "更符合"民族性原则”,成功地将东方文化中该成语的比喻意义转 化成了西方文化语言中的形象意义。 (二)习语性原则 比如:"匡超人此时恍若亲见瑶宫仙子,月下嫦娥,那魂灵都飘到九霄云外 去了。"(《儒林外史》), 其译文为"Kuang felt that he was gazing at a goddess and his spirit had flown to heaven."这种译 文因遵循了"习语性原则", 充分地体现了人类交际行为的一个最根本原则——语言——符号的经济原则。 (三)形象性原则 数字用于模糊意义时,一般都失去了其数量意义而具有形象意义。翻译时, 必须越出其理性意义而捕捉其 与 其它 的词结合后所产生的形象意义。 比如:"飞流直下三千尽,疑是银河落九天(李白)。"此句诗中的"九天" 的形象意义为"极高的天空 ",因此,可翻译成"Down itcascades a sheer three thousand feet—As if the Silver River [. the Milky. Way]were falling from heaven!"猜你喜欢: 1. 毕业英语论文范文 2. 英美文学毕业论文优秀范文 3. 商务英语专业毕业论文范文 4. 大学英语毕业论文范文 5. 英语专业论文范文 6. 本科英语专业论文范文

可以写人物性格分析!

2002年10月,南开大学外国语学院和《中国翻译》编辑部联合举办“全国《红楼梦》翻译研讨会”,这是专就一部文学经典的翻译举行的学术会议。大会收到数量较多的论文,这里汇集的是其中的一部分,凑成一个集子,以资纪念。同时,借此机会与学者们互通信息,交流经验,共同推动《红楼梦》的翻译研究。在世界文学史上,有因对具体作家的研究而发展成为一个专门学问的,如,将英国戏剧家莎士比亚研究称为“莎学”,将爱尔兰作家乔伊斯 (JamesJoyce)研究称为“乔学”。因对一本书的研究而发展成专门学问的不多,《红楼梦》是一个。这是文学史上一个特殊的现象。《红楼梦》于乾隆五十六(1791)年第一次刊印,至清朝末年,一些文人把对《红楼梦》的研读和评说称之为“红学”。此后的“红学”经历了一个曲折的发展过程,至于今,已成为一门显学,不仅在中国,在国外也受关注。《红楼梦》作为一部文学经典具有恒久的魅力,它在中国文化里产生、流传,在异域文化里也得到传播——主要通过它的译文得以实现。 目前,《红楼梦》已有十五六种文字的译本。就英语译本看,它的翻译经历了一个较长的历史。陈宏薇教授和江帆在她们合写的《难忘的历程》里说,自 1830年英国皇家学会会员戴维斯翻译《红楼梦》第三回片断开始, 160年来,先后产生了9种英译文。在霍克斯/闵福德和杨宪益夫女王的全译本之前的翻译都是节译,其中以王良志(1927)和王际真 (1929)的译本在推动《红楼梦》在西方流传方面影响较大。20世纪70年代,英国汉学家戴维·霍克斯(DavidHawkes)着手翻译《红楼梦》前80回,由英国企鹅出版公司出版,译文书名为 The StoryO/the Stone,分三卷,第一卷The Golden Days(1973),包括前26回;第二卷The Crab—Flower Club(1977),包括27 —53回;第三卷The Warning Voice(1980),包括54—80回。后来约翰·闵福德(John Minford)继霍克斯翻译了《红楼梦》的后四十回,分两卷出版,第四卷TheDebto/Tears(1982),包括81—98回;第五卷TheDreamer Wakes(1986),包括99—120回。20世纪70年代后期,杨宪益(Yang Hsien-yi)和戴乃迭(Glad— ysYang)夫夕]也开始了翻译《红楼梦》的巨大工程,于1978— 1980年由外文出版社(北京)分三卷出版,译文书名为‘4 Dream o/ Red Mansions。《红楼梦》两个英文全译本的出版,不仅是中国和英语国家文化交流的大事,也是文学翻译的大事,它促进了中国古典小说的翻译进程。在此后不到十年的时间里,相继又出版了由詹纳(W.J。 P.Jenner)翻译的《西游记》(/ourneycOthe West,1982),由沙博里 (SidneyShapiro)翻译的《水浒传》(Outlaws O/the Marsh,1988),以及由罗伯茨(Moss Roberts)翻译的《三国演义》(Three King— doms,1994)。至此,中国四部古典文学名著的英文全译本已出齐。在推动中国古典文学名著英译并使其形成一个蓬勃发展的形势过程中,《红楼梦》的英译者们是有功劳的。随着《红楼梦》的翻译出版,出现了《红楼梦》翻译批评和研究的好形势。 自戴维·霍克斯于1973年出版第一卷The Golden Days以来,便有人开始写研究《红楼梦》翻译的文章。据不完全统计,到目前就霍克斯/闵福德译本和杨宪益/戴乃迭译本所写的散见于各地的研究文章,已有70余篇,加上这里收集的30几篇,足有100多篇。这期间也有关于《红楼梦》翻译研究的专著问世,如南开大学王宏印教授的《<红楼梦>诗词曲赋英译比较研究》,是《红楼梦》系统研究的一个良好开端。现在研究《红楼梦》翻译的人逐渐多起来,专家学者之外,也有青年教师和研究生。在这种形势下,探讨如何使《红楼梦》的翻译研究深入,也许能够使其成为一个专门的研究课题,为翻译作为一门学科的建设做贡献,这是很值得的。从这里收入的文章看,大体分二种类型。一种是宏观类型的研究,其研究方法突破了以往规定性的“标准一分析一结论”和文本“对等”的单一模式,回到历史和文化的背景中,研究《红楼梦》翻译和当时的历史、政治、文化和文学思潮的互动关系,·体现了以历史地描述和解释为主的科学研究的性质;这一类型里还有关于《红楼梦》翻译的体制、策略、翻译倾向和补偿策略等问题的研究,也是值得重视的问题。另一种是微观类型的研究,多涉及文化和语言层面的问题,以阐释批评的方式对译作和原作以及它们之间的关系进行评价,对译作进行审美的和其他方面的价值判断等。 这两种类型的研究各有自己的功能和价值。宏观方面的研究可以帮助我们认识不同文化之间的交流和理解是经过怎样一个过程实现的;微观方面的研究可以帮助我们思考如何翻译好,如何培养好的译者,以真正实现文化交流的目的。勒菲弗尔(Andr6 Lefe— vere)和巴斯奈特(Susan Bassneff)将这二者比喻为翻译大厦里的两栋房子,没有理由不让它们并肩而立。翻译研究的目的除了对翻译活动进行客观的和科学的描述和解释,还要通过研究翻译过程和翻译作品对翻译进行理论总结,以端正对翻译的认识,提高翻译质量,促进翻译事业的发展。著名红学家冯其庸说:《红楼梦》是一首无韵的《离骚》,也是一部“说”家之绝唱。 自从《红楼梦》问世以后,中国的古典小说再也没有超越它的作品出现了。《红楼梦》是一部“前不见古人,后不见来者”的千古绝唱!读过《红楼梦》的人大概都同意这个意见,甚至连读过《红楼梦》的外国人也持同样的看法。斯洛伐克翻译家玛丽纳·恰尔诺古尔斯卡(Marina Camogul3ka)就说:因为它是一部天才的小说、散文和诗的交响曲,它是一部集所有重要的中国文化之大成的百科全书,它是一部蕴涵重要的人生哲理和世界观的小说——而这样大师级的文学作品在世界上任何别的地方均不存在。《红楼梦》的译者以及未来的《红楼梦》译者们肩负着一个伟大而艰难的使命,即,通过译文让英语读者也能认识到“《红楼梦》是一部‘前不见古人,后不见来者’的千古绝唱”,是一部“在世界上任何别的地方均不存在”的作品。如果我们的译文不能达到这样的境界,那就辜负了这部伟大的作品。 钱谷融先生认为一切文学作品都应该是诗,都应该有诗的意味。他说李白、杜甫的诗篇是诗,曹雪芹的《红楼梦》以及鲁迅的《朝花夕拾》都是诗,研究文学不可忘记文学作品的本质是诗。他的这番话对于翻译的研究者和文学作品的译者有很深的启示:《红楼梦》里“诗的意味”是什么,它是以怎样的形式表现出来或隐含在内,翻译《红楼梦》时如何才能体验和再现它的“诗的意味”。这些涉及到文艺美学也涉及到翻译美学,是《红楼梦》的翻译和研究不可回避的问题。 《红楼梦》的翻译研究虽属个案研究,但在对两种语言、两种文学和文化的对比研究中可以汲取丰富的灵感和资源,用科学的方法加以梳理总结,可以使我们的翻译研究建立在语言、文学和文化对比研究的坚实的基础之上,在对比语言学、对比文化学、文艺美学和翻译诗学等方面有所发现,为翻译学的建设和翻译事业的发展做出自己的贡献In October 2002, Nankai University Foreign Languages Institute and "Chinese Translation" Editorial Department jointly organized the "National" Dream of Red Mansions "translation workshop," This is a classic on the translation of a literary conference held. The General Assembly received a large number of papers collected here are part of, to make up a collection, memento of the occasion. At the same time, and scholars to take this opportunity to share information, exchange experiences and jointly promote the "Dream of Red Mansions" of translation studies. In the history of world literature, a writer because of the specific research and the development of a specialized knowledge of, for example, the British dramatist Shakespeare referred to as the "school-sha", the Irish writer James Joyce (JamesJoyce) study known as "Joe Xue . " Because of a book devoted to research and develop into a little learning, "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a. This is a special literary phenomenon. "A Dream of Red Mansions" at 56 Qianlong (1791) published for the first time to the late Qing dynasty, a number of scholars to "A Dream of Red Mansions" and comment on the study called "A Dream of Red Mansions." Since then the "A Dream of Red Mansions" has gone through a tortuous development process, as this has become a significant study, not only in China, in other countries of concern. "A Dream of Red Mansions" as a literary classic with a long-lasting charm, which have a culture in China, spread in a foreign land has been the dissemination of culture - mainly through its President can be achieved. At present, the "Dream of Red Mansions" has been the translation of languages十五六. On the English translation, the translation of it has gone through a long history. And Professor Chen Hongwei Jiang Fan in their co-wrote the "unforgettable journey," said that since 1830 the Royal Society of translation Davis, "A Dream of Red Mansions" to fragment the third year, 160 years ago, has resulted in nine kinds of English translation . In the Hawkes / Min Yang Xianyi Ford and the Queen's husband before the whole translation of the translation section is translated, with Wang Chi (1927) and WANG Ji-Zhen (1929) in promoting the translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" in the West affect the larger circulation. The 20th century, 70's, the United Kingdom戴维霍克斯sinologist (DavidHawkes) start of translation, "A Dream of Red Mansions" before the 80 back, from United Kingdom Penguin Books published the title of President for The StoryO / the Stone, in three volumes, the first volume of The Golden Days (1973), including the former 26 Back; II The Crab-Flower Club (1977), including back to 27 -53; III The Warning Voice (1980), including back to 54-80. Later, John Minford (John Minford) following the Hawkes translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" after the 40 back, in two volumes published in Volume IV TheDebto / Tears (1982), including back to 81-98; TheDreamer V Wakes (1986), including back to 99-120. 70 In the late 20th century, Yang Yi (Yang Hsien-yi) and Gladys (Glad-ysYang) Fu Xi] also began the translation, "A Dream of Red Mansions," the great works, in 1978 - 1980 by Foreign Languages Press (Beijing) published in three volumes, entitled Mr'4 Dream o / Red Mansions. "A Dream of Red Mansions" two of the published English translation of the whole is not only a cultural exchange between China and the major English-speaking countries, but also a major event in literary translation, it has promoted the translation of classical Chinese novels process. Less than a decade in time, have also published by Jenner (. P. Jenner) translation of "Journey to the West" (/ ourneycOthe West, 1982), by the Shapiro-ri (SidneyShapiro) Translation " Outlaws of the Marsh "(Outlaws O / the Marsh, 1988), as well as Roberts (Moss Roberts) translation of the" Romance of the Three Kingdoms "(Three King-doms, 1994). So far, four classical Chinese Literature in English translation has been a homogeneous whole. In promoting the English translation of Chinese Classical Literature and make it into a dynamic growth process, "A Dream of Red Mansions" is the British translator who has the credit of. With the "Dream of Red Mansions" translated and published, there has been "A Dream of Red Mansions," the study of translation criticism and a good situation.戴维霍克斯since the publication of Volume I in 1973, since The Golden Days, people began to write research "A Dream of Red Mansions," the article translated. According to incomplete statistics, the current on the Hawkes / Minford translation and Yang Hsien-yi / Gladys written translation research scattered throughout the articles, there are more than 70 articles, together with the collection of 30 essays here, there are more than 100 feet articles. During this period there are on "A Dream of Red Mansions" Translation Studies monographs available, such as the Nankai University's Professor Wang Hongyin " Poetry A Comparative Study of the English translation of Qu Fu" and "A Dream of Red Mansions" System of a good start. Research is now "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation gradually grown, outside experts and scholars, there are young teachers and graduate students. Under such circumstances, to explore how to make the "A Dream of Red Mansions," the translation of research in depth, may be able to make it a special research topic for the translation as a discipline to contribute to the building, it is worth it. Income from here to see the article, generally divided into two types. One is the macro-type of research, the research methods of breaking through the previous "standard an analysis of a conclusion" and the text of "reciprocity" of single-mode and return to historical and cultural background, the study of "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation and the historical, political, cultural and literary interaction between ideas, reflects the historical description and interpretation of the nature of scientific research-based; this type there are still on "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation system, strategy, Translation compensation trends and issues such as research strategy, one that deserves attention. Another type of study is the micro-, multi-cultural and linguistic level, in order to explain the criticism of the way and the original translation as well as their evaluation of the relationship between, on the translation for aesthetic and other value judgments and so on. Both types of study have their own functions and values. Macro-studies can help us understand the exchange between different cultures and understanding how a process is achieved; micro research can help us to think about how good the translation, how to cultivate a good translator, so as to really achieve the purpose of cultural exchange . Lefebvre (Andr6 Lefe-vere) and Bassnett (Susan Bassneff) compared to the translation of these two buildings in the two houses, there is no reason not to allow them to stand shoulder to shoulder. The purpose of translation studies translation activities in addition to objective and scientific description and explanation, but also by studying the process of translation and translation work on the translation of theoretical summary to correct understanding of translation, translation quality, and promote the development of translation. Yong Feng红学家famous said: "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a non-rhyme of "Li Sao", is also a "say" home of farewell. Since the "Dream of Red Mansions" after launch, the Chinese classical novel does not go beyond it no longer works there. "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a "not before the ancients, the latter were not to" the eternal farewell! Read "A Dream of Red Mansions" who probably agree with this view, and even read the "Dream of Red Mansions" of foreigners, also holds the same view. Slovakia玛丽纳恰尔诺古尔斯卡translator (Marina Camogul3ka) said: because it is a genius of fiction, prose and poetry of the symphony, it is a collection of all the important of the Chinese culture Dacheng Encyclopedia, which is an important implication of the life philosophy and world view of the novel - and this master of literary works in the world do not exist in any other places. "A Dream of Red Mansions" and the future of the translator, "A Dream of Red Mansions" translators are responsible for a great and difficult mission, that is, through the President so that English readers will understand "" A Dream of Red Mansions "is a 'pre - not ancient, but not to those who, after 'the eternal farewell "is a" in the world do not exist in any other places "works. Asked if we can not achieve such a state, then let this great work. Mr. Qian Gurong that all literary works should be poetry, poetry should have the means. He said that Li Bai, Du Fu's poetry is poetry, Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" and Lu Xun's "朝花夕拾" are poetry, literary studies should not forget that the essence of literature is poetry. Translation of his remarks for the researchers and the translator of literary works have a very deep inspiration: "A Dream of Red Mansions" in "means that poetry" is what kind of form it is manifested or implied, including, translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" how to reproduce it in order to experience and the "means of poetry." These relate to literary aesthetics of translation also involves aesthetics, is "A Dream of Red Mansions" of the translation and study of the problem can not be avoided. "A Dream of Red Mansions", although the translation of research case studies, but in two languages, two types of Comparative Literature and cultural studies can learn a wealth of inspiration and resources to sort out the scientific method to sum up, you can make our translation Research based on language, literature and cultural comparative study on the solid foundation, in contrast to linguistics, comparative culture, literature and art aesthetics and poetics of translation has been found and so on, for the construction of translation studies and translation of the cause of the development of its own contribution to

关于美的英语论文范文

英文: Inner Beauty and Physical BeautyIt is generally believed that physical beauty refers to a person's appearance which is gracefully appealing to other; while inner beauty means a person's moral standard which constitutes a certain value to people. Many people regard apprarance the most important. For one thing. physical beauty is aftrative toeverybody, perucularly to the opposite set; for another, charming faces can help us to win more chances so as torealize our dreams. Many other people think that although pysical beauty is important, inner beauty is more important because it is something beneath us and can be very infectious to the my opinion, physical beauty coexists with inner beauty. Physical beauty is by birth, but innerbeauty is cultivated after birth. So we must learn to be helpful, giving, affectionate, selfishieas, andforgiving which are all the valuable traits that inner beauty bears in people. Thus, we can create a harmonious atmosphere in which we are living and working.中文:内在美和外在美人们普遍认为,外在美是指人的外表,优雅的吸引,而内在美是指人的道德标准构成一定人的价值观。许多人把外表看作最重要的。 为一件事。外在美是雕塑品,特别是相反的设置;另一方面,迷人的面孔可以帮助我们赢得更多的机会,实现我们的梦想。很多人认为,尽管外在美很重要,内在美更重要,因为它是我们下,可以对社会具有高度的传染性。在我看来,外在美与内在美共存。外在美是出生,但内在美是出生后培养。所以我们必须学会帮助,给予,深情,这都是有价值的特征,内在美熊人。因此,我们可以创建一个和谐的气氛中生活和工作。一定采纳哈!!!

写作思路:可以将内在美与外在美分别详细地介绍一下,说一说二者的联系以及哪一个更为重要,语言要通顺连贯等等。

正文:

Beauty is naturally a kind of praise for good scenery or people. However, the use of beautiful words in people can be divided into two forms: internal beauty and external beauty.

美,自然而然是对好的景物或人的一种赞扬。然而,美字用在人的身上,却分为两形式,内在美和外在美。

The inner beauty is important, the inner beauty is the spiritual beauty, and the goodness, sincerity and truth of the human are the most important. Even if the appearance is not beautiful, it also appears that the external beauty also follows the beauty because of the spiritual beauty.

内在美重要,内在美即心灵美,人善良、诚恳、真实才是最重要的,即便长相不漂亮,也因为心灵美而显得外在的也跟着美了起来。

In today's society, people are wearing a mask of hypocrisy, which is terrible. External beauty just means that people's appearance has a relatively beautiful face compared with others. If the mind is ugly, it's useless to have a beautiful face.

现今社会人与人之间的相处都是戴着虚伪的面具,这才是可怕的。外在美只是代表了人的外貌比别人长了相对漂亮的脸而已,如果心灵是丑陋的,那长着漂亮的脸是没有用的。

People are not lovely because they are beautiful, but beautiful because they are lovely.

人并不是因为美丽而可爱,而是因为可爱而美丽。

近年来,世界各国在 教育 、军事、经济、政治、文学等多个领域的交流越来越频繁,极大地促进了这些领域的进步和快速发展。下面是我为大家整理的英文学术论文,供大家参考。

摘要:英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论,不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同,每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础,从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评,正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点,能够包容多种批评学派的存在,对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。

关键词:英美文学;文学批评

一、文学批评理论在英美文学教学中的意义

目前我国大多数院校都开设了相应的文学教育理论课程,而在关于英美文学的教学过程中,文学批评与文学教学是相辅相成的关系,文学批评可以从其独特的视角关注和解读英美文学作品,得到与众不同的观点,从而充分了解了整部英美文学作品的历史意义和内涵。文学批评也为英美文学教学提供了一把打开其大门的钥匙,让学生有机会从不同的角度,不同的观点、不同的思想关注英美文学,更好地促进了英美文学的发展。以文学批评基本理论为依据,应用到英美文学教学中,将有助于在学习作品过程中,避免传统的、印象式的解读,使学生通过对原著的充分解读,仔细品味原著中作者想要表达的观点,以及写作的手法,培养学生踏实阅读的学风,还能够让学生充分感受到文学的魅力,增强学习兴趣,提高学习成绩。

二、英美文学中文学批评的多方位表现形式

1.英美文学中新批评理论。

上世纪三四十年代开始出现以兰色姆()、威姆塞特()等为代表,形成了英美文学中的“新批评”理论。他们认为一切从作者的原始写作动机与作者的阅读感受为出发点所进行的文学批评都是“错误的谬论”,脱离了文学批评的初衷,将文学批评的对象进行了根本的转移,即转移到了文学作品对阅读者心理影响方面上,脱离了被批评对象的本身,从而沦为了单一的印象论。英美文学中的新批评理论认为单纯依靠阅读者的感觉,会使阅读者产生相对的“阅读错觉”——即带入阅读者已有的自我认知来干扰对作品进行正确的、客观的文学批评。新批评理论强调的是以尊重和细读原著为基础,对原著进行客观、公正的、不带有固有主观意识的文学批评,形成踏实阅读的风气。在高校英美文学教学过程中运用新批评理论,也就是说教师需要花更多的时间去钻研原著,提出更有价值的问题供学生进行课上探讨,这样才能赋予学生机会去利用新批评理论认识英美文学、了解英美文学、发现英美文学的精髓所在,主动地去学习英美文学。

2.英美文学中读者反应批评理论。

在整个英美文学历史发展过程中,从来不缺少批评的新声音和新形式的产生于与发展,斯坦利.费希(StanleyFish)就对新批评理论提出了挑战,他认为单纯的从作品本身进行分析而忽略了读者的作用,是对整个阅读过程的误解。“读者反应批评”强调原著作品对于读者的影响,读者在阅读原著后所起到的作用以及能够从中得到的感受为重点。读者反应批评理论以读者为重,从读者的角度来诠释“文学批评”的过程。作品需要“留白”,这些留白的地方正是读者阅读完作品之后进行的“自我想象”,是对作品新的解读和延展,得到一种“作者——作品——读者”三者之间的交流。但是这种理论由于强调的是读者的作用,而每位读者都是不同的个体,即便对同一文学作品,也有着不同的解读方式和看法。这是“读者反应批评理论”所面对的最大的难题。

三、英美文学作品中文学批评的特点

1.文学批评与多种学科紧密相连。

在英美文学中文学批评几乎是文学研究的 同义词 ,文学批评以文学鉴赏为基础,以文学理论为指导,对作家作品进行分析、研究、认识和评价,这一整个过程不单单是一种文学行为,更是与多种学科有着密切的联系,大部分的文学批评都运用了“心理学”“社会学”“哲学”等多种学科。尤其是文学批评中的“读者反应批评理论”充分运用了读者的阅读心理和阅读感受,来对文学作品进行文学批评,得到了相关作品的反馈。

2.英美文学中的文学批评具有审美性。

不论是以新批评理论为基础,还是以读者反应批评理论为基础,大部分的文学批评都具有审美性。这里的审美性指的是它以文学作品为基础,关注做作品所传达的艺术性和美学性,批评者需要按照美的规律,从文学作品的美学方向出发对原著进行审美性分析,作出审美判断和评价,使读者能够更好的理解和认识到作品,提升读者的审美情趣和阅读能力。

3.英美文学中的文学批评具有科学性。

任何形式的文学批评都不应该脱离科学发展的实际,正确的文学批评在批评者进行美学、艺术学批评的同时也要利用理性的 逻辑思维 方式,对文学作品进行客观的批评。批评者需要具备科学的创造性,用科学的研究 方法 、研究思维、研究理论对文学作品进行客观公正的批评,并且能够以客观事实为基础,查阅大量丰富的文学资料来对原著进行周密的、系统的分析和判断,不可参杂大量的个人主观思想、狭隘偏见,以对原著进行科学的文学批评。

四、结束语

英美文学中的文学批评存在多种不同的理论,不同理论学派所持有的观点也不尽相同,每个学派之间都有其丰富的理论基础,从多维的角度去进行主客观的文学批评,正是因为文学批评有着其自身科学性、审美性、公信力等方面的特点,能够包容多种批评学派的存在,对文学作品进行客观、科学的批评。文学又有着其特殊的地方,不同于其他客观事物,不能用一般规律去对它进行解读和分析,正是因为有了文学批评的存在,才能够在不同读者角度,不同理论支持下对英美文学作品进行深层次的分析和解读,探究作者想要表达的观点,了解原著作者的真实意图, 总结 归纳英美文学发展特点,以便更好地学习。

参考文献

1、英美文学课的困境与多媒体辅助教学刘仪华南通师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)2000-10-3025

2、高校英语专业英美文学类课程教学现状调查鲁吉西安外国语学院学报2003-12-0124

摘要:随着时代的发展,我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才,以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养,将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人。

关键词:英美文学;英语教学

英美文学导入作为一种新的导入模式,可以拓宽大学英语的教学模式,符合《要求》中集多种教学模式的需要.另外,我国普通高校特别是理工科院校的学生大都是理科生,在高中阶段把注意力集中在数理化和生物的学习上,对英美文学知识的了解相对较少,《要求》中提出大学英语教学要提高学生的综合 文化 素养,在大学英语教学中有必要融入英美文学导入,使学生更多地了解英美文学知识和西方文化,这有助于提高学生的学习兴趣,培养其综合文化素养.目前,我国普通高校的大学英语教师在学习期间都学习过英美文学,其中一些教师在研究生阶段的研究方向就是英美文学.教师掌握丰富的英美文学知识,有能力在导入中融入该方面的知识.所以,从大学英语教学要求、学生的求知欲和教师能力几方面来看,英美文学导入融入大学英语教学具有一定的可行性.

受传统大学英语教学模式单一的影响,很多学生在学习过程中产生厌学感、疲惫感和焦虑感,影响学生学习的积极性和学习效率,而文学导入“可以减轻学习者的焦虑感,以利于语言习得”[2].英美文学导入可帮助学生摆脱传统大学英语教学模式单一的负面影响,对新时代的大学英语教学具有积极的促进作用.

1有助于提高学生的学习兴趣

著名科学家爱因斯坦曾说过:“兴趣是最好的老师”.当学生对一门学科感兴趣时,即使没有家长、教师的督促,学生也会对这一学科不断地探索和学习,从中获得学习这一学科的乐趣.目前,我国大多数学生从小学三年级开始 学习英语 ,到大学一年级基本学习了十年英语,多数学生已经对英语产生厌倦感.所以,让学生继续学习英语的最好办法就是不断提高他们对英语的兴趣.英美文学方面的知识在高中阶段接触得较少或只接触一些浅显的内容,在导入中加入英美文学内容会使学生们觉得很新颖,从而能集中注意力认真听老师讲解并提高学习兴趣.在《新视野大学英语》读写教程第一册第七单元“FacetoFacewithGuns”中有一个 句子 :Turingthosepa-gesandstudyingtheirphotographsislikeflowingonthesadcurrentthat,likeBlake’sThames,seemsto“markineveryface,marksofweakness,marksofwoe[3]”.这句话实际上引用了美国著名浪漫主义诗人威廉•布莱克的著作《伦敦》中的诗句,教师可以通过对浪漫主义时期的诗歌特点对《伦敦》进行分析,可以增强学生对诗歌的欣赏能力和对课文中句子的准确理解.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第六单元中,SectionA部分的 文章 标题是“AsHisNameIs,SoIsHe!”,有的教师会根据文章标题从人名的角度进行导入,但如果从文学角度进行导入会更加激发学生们的兴趣.这个标题实际上出自《圣经》箴言第七章,原句是“Asamanthinkethinhisheart,soheis.”教师可以从《圣经》这个角度进行导入,学生基本都听说过《圣经》,但了解得不是很多,教师可以给学生们介绍《圣经》中伊甸园、诺亚方舟、出埃及记等著名的 故事 .另外,《圣经》不仅是__的经典,也是西方文学的源头,许多英美文学中的著名作品都与《圣经》有关.综合考察这些受《圣经》影响的文学作品,我们会发现,文学作品对圣经 典故 的运用非常灵活多样.就圣经典故的类型而言,就有语典、人典、事典、意象、结构模式、观念等诸多种类[4].霍桑的《红字》、梅尔维尔的《白鲸》、斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》和福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等许多英美文学经典作品中的对白、典故和意象都源自《圣经》.通过从《圣经》角度进行导入,学生们可以了解《圣经》与文学作品之间千丝万缕的联系,并增加对英美文学和英语的学习兴趣.

2有助于学生了解西方文化

在阅读英美文学作品时,学生们可以从中了解更多的西方文化,在国际交流中可以避免不必要的文化冲突.《新视野大学英语》读写教程中出现了爱尔兰作家奥斯卡•王尔德、英国诗人威廉•华兹华斯、约翰•弥尔顿和美国作家大卫•梭罗,教师可以从他们的作品作为切入点进行导入,用这些作品帮助学生了解西方文化.教师也可从课文中出现的单词进行导入,《新视野大学英语》读写教程第三册第四单元中出现了colony这个单词,学生们看注释都知道它是“殖民地”的意思,教师可以从文学角度进行导入,欧洲的清教徒移民在北美先后建立十三块殖民地,美国文学深受清教主义的影响,清教主义对美国文学的影响就如儒家思想对中国文学的影响一样深远,历史学家巴斯认为,没有对美国清教思想的了解,就不可能理解美国社会[6].清教徒提倡的谦卑、诚实、勤奋、节俭以及在艰难环境下的乐观精神也对美国社会产生深远影响,清教主义奠定了美国民主并塑造了美国人民的性格,美国人的勤奋、节俭和乐观与清教主义是分不开的.同时,很多美国作家在创作中深受清教主义的影响,这些作家的作品文风简朴,语言清新、直接.所以,通过对清教主义的讲解,有助于学生从根源上了解美国人的性格,有助于对西方文化有更深层次的了解.

3有助于提高学生的人文素质

随着时代的发展,我国高等教育需要培养人文素质与科学素质相结合的人才,以促进学生的全面发展.如果学生只注重科学知识而忽视其人文素质的培养,将会成为一个只拥有知识而没有智慧的人.人文素质可以帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观,促进精神方面的修养.《新视野大学英语》读写教程第二册第七单元“LightenYourLoadandSaveYourLife”中出现了本•富兰克林,教师可以把富兰克林作为导入的对象.富兰克林不仅是政治家、科学家,还是著名的文学家,在他的《自传》中,富兰克林为自己规定了十三条需要培养的美德,包括节制、沉默寡言、生活秩序、决心、简朴、勤勉、诚恳、公正、适度、清洁、贞洁和谦虚等.这十三条美德对当今的大学生提高人文素质具有一定的积极作用,教师可以让学生以富兰克林为典范,在日常生活中以十三条美德要求自己.教师也可以让学生们对这些美德进行自由讨论,相互交流,并对目前社会中存在的不良现象进行评价,有助于提高学生的分析能力和社会责任感.所以,英美文学导入是新时期高等教育的重要组成部分,也是提高学生人文素质的重要手段.

我国高等院校,特别是理工科院校的非英语专业学生对英美文学知识了解得相对匮乏,同时大学英语教学的导入方法也比较单一.所以,教师在大学英语教学中利用英美文学知识进行导入,既可以解决课堂导入的单一问题,又可以增强学生的学习兴趣,增加学生对英美文学知识的了解,有助于他们了解西方文化并提高其人文素质,这符合我国高等教育培养全面人才的发展需要,满足21世纪对复合型人才的需求.

参考文献

1、英美电影文学的多媒体教学模式周震,丁文英外语电化教学2002-02-2026

2、独白与交往,何去何从?——浅论英美文学课程的教学吕洪灵;外语与外语教学2006-08-0126

英文学术论文范文相关文章:

1. 英语学术论文范文

2. 编辑视野下的英文学术论文写作论文

3. 学术论文英文题名和英文摘要的写作

4. 关于学术论文中文摘要英语翻译的思考论文

5. 研究生中英文学术论文写作课程的构建论文

a leaf, a drop of rain, a bird, a clump of reeds in the wind。。 are so touching, aftertaste. yes, the beauty of nature is often reflected in the moment that *** art. flying and you see, autumn leaves like a butterfly, dancing in the air, sometimes falling, sometimes peting gradually play。。 at the last moment of life with their own interpretation of the beautiful. when the leaves may drop to the ground, is so quiet, so quiet. the fallen leaves, so beautiful! almost perfect arc

you see, it looks like the quiet of the night sky, a meteor across the night sky. the beautiful is always fleeting meteor, people say, is the tears of the moon, when the moon is lonely, hide secretly leave in a corner of the tears. when her tears in the earth, they bee meteors, people bring infinite hope. perhaps, the meteor was so beautiful, because it is transient. the meteor, so beautiful! the leaves are the time of the witness, a meteor represents the end of the story, but life is not, in the short life, we need to unremittingly, exhausted all his strength, to create the light of life.

Beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eye. A nice and well built girl is regarded as beautiful. A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful. A splendid waterfall ing down from a mountain is as well looked on as also refers to what appeals to the mind. The virtue of the Chinese nation industry and bravery are taken as beautiful, because it helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world. Einstein's theory of relativity is also perceived as beautiful, for it explains many natural phenomena so perfectly. Beauty is around us. If you keep an eye or pay some attention, it is never difficult to find something beautiful somewhere about you. Wonderful natural spots, historical relics, fine arts, splendid buildings, and kind people are just a few inches away.。

美的英文:esthetical、beautiful、pretty、good-looking、geous。

一、esthetical

英 [i:s'θetɪkəl] 美 [i:s'θetɪkəl]

adj.美的,美术的

Women are resorting more and more to esthetical surgery to improve their physical appearance.

妇女诉诸越来越美的手术,以改善他们的外貌。

二、beautiful

英 [ˈbju:tɪfl] 美 [ˈbjutəfəl]

adj.美丽的,美好的;极好的

beautiful countryside/weather/music

美丽的乡村;美好的天气;美妙的音乐。

三、pretty

英 [ˈprɪti] 美 [ˈprɪti]

adj.美的,漂亮的;机灵的,聪明的

She's got a very pretty face.

她有一张非常美的脸。

四、good-looking

英 [ɡʊd 'lʊkɪŋ] 美 [ ˈɡʊdˈlʊkɪŋ]

adj.美的,好看的;美貌的;标致的;丰采

a good-looking man/couple

俊美的男子;漂亮的一对

五、geous

英 [ˈgɔ:dʒəs] 美 [ˈgɔ:rdʒəs]

adj.美的,华丽的,艳丽的;极好的,称心的;美丽动人的

You look geous !

你真美!

什么是美丽?

Beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eye. A nice and well built girl is regarded as beautiful. A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful. A splendid waterfall ing down from a mountain is as well looked on as also refers to what appeals to the mind. The virtue of the Chinese nation industry and bravery are taken as beautiful, because it helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world. Einstein's theory of relativity is also perceived as beautiful, for it explains many natural phenomena so perfectly. Beauty is around us. If you keep an eye or pay some attention, it is never difficult to find something beautiful somewhere about you. Wonderful natural spots, historical relics, fine arts, splendid buildings, and kind people are just a few inches away.

学生会开展了一场讨论,什么是美丽,学生有两种观点,一:好脸蛋就是一封介绍信,理由:在社交竞争求职等方面作用大;二,漂亮不能当饭吃,理由:追求外在美而放弃内在美不是真正的美

什么是美丽?

Beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eye. A nice and well built girl is regarded as beautiful. A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful. A splendid waterfall ing down from a mountain is as well looked on as also refers to what appeals to the mind. The virtue of the Chinese nation industry and bravery are taken as beautiful, because it helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world. Einstein's theory of rel。理由:在社交竞争求职等方面作用大.Beauty also refers to what appeals to the mind,漂亮不能当饭吃. If you keep an eye or pay some attention?

Beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eye. Einstein's theory of relativity is also perceived as beautiful;二,什么是美丽, historical relics:追求外在美而放弃内在美不是真正的美

什么是美丽, for it explains many natural phenomena so perfectly,学生有两种观点. Wonderful natural spots. A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful学生会开展了一场讨论. A nice and well built girl is regarded as beautiful:好脸蛋就是一封介绍信, fine arts,一. The virtue of the Chinese nation industry and bravery are taken as beautiful, it is never difficult to find something beautiful somewhere about you,理由. A splendid waterfall ing down from a mountain is as well looked on as beautiful, because it helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world, and kind people are just a few inches away. Beauty is around us, splendid buildings

学生会开展了一场讨论,什么是美丽,学生有两种观点,一:好脸蛋就是一封介绍信,理由:在社交竞争求职等方面作用大;二,漂亮不能当饭吃,理由:追求外在美而放弃内在美不是真正的美

什么是美丽?

Beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eye. A nice and well built girl is regarded as beautiful. A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful. A splendid waterfall ing down from a mountain is as well looked on as also refers to what appeals to the mind. The virtue of the Chinese nation industry and bravery are taken as beautiful, because it helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world. Einstein's theory of relativity is also perceived as beautiful, for it explains many natural phenomena so perfectly. Beauty is around us. If you keep an eye or pay some attention, it is never difficult to find something beautiful somewhere about you. Wonderful natural spots, historical relics, fine arts, splendid buildings, and kind people are just a few inches away.

It is cold and dry wind often blows days are shorter and the nights are animals go to will sleep for a long time till the spring don't like to go have to wear heavy coats,scarves and children like to be it often is snow is ice on the can throw snowballs,make the a surprise!Do you see?The river is frozen!Here e the boys,there e the girls,they are skating in the river !Winter is really an interesting has so much fun!冬天的气候属于所有气象现象中的一种,是一定时期内大气层的现象,描写冬天的英语作文. The weather in winter is a set of all the phenomena in a given atmosphere at a given also includes interactions with the hydrosphere.它同样包括水圈的相互作用.The term usually refers to the activity of these phenomena over short periods (hours or days),as opposed to the term climate,which refers to the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of used without qualification,weather" is understood to be the weather of Earth.如果没有限定的条件,人们对于气候的理解就是地球的天气.虽然冬天意味着寒冷,但我仍然热爱冬天.我认为冬天是一个美丽的季节,尤其是下雪的日子.雪花像玲珑剔透的小精灵,调皮地飘落下来.它们落在树枝上,屋顶上和麦田里.很快整个大地都银妆素裹起来.太阳出来后,万物都闪烁着光芒,作文素材《描写冬天的英语作文》.每次下雪,我都会记起一句格言:冬天来了,春天还会远吗?Although winter means cold weather,I love it all the think winter is a beautiful season,especially when it fall down fall on branches of trees,on roofs of houses and on wheat the whole earth will be dressed in is shining in the time it snows,I will remember an old saying,"Winter has e,can spring be far away?\'There are four seasons in a year,each season has different sceneries,and I like winter best when a magnificent view of the snow in winter,it seems people came to a quiet and tastefully laid out and quiet realm,came to a glistening thoroughly tick the fairy tale the fragrance,the ice snow sweet,give a person a kind of cool YingYing is in filtration,everything in the sublimation,even my soul also at purification,bee pure and of snow,deep cut,as if there were,and countless emotions like water,raging,generally can drown everything,there\'s a uncover the bare CangTouLouWei form myriad,shining brilliantly,like the names of the warrior,be covered with silver of armor,and like pieces of white sails in the war voyage。

In a snow scenery magnificent,beeen heaven and earth,unaware of monochromatic,can only see a silver,as though the whole world with silver to decorate and continuous snow world,decorated with QiongZhi jade leaf,pink outfit jade and bricks Hao ran monochromatic,was a plete snow gratifying I love,I love white snow,I love the is the mind very cold,but it has inparable warmth and hope.。

Along with the advance of the society。

More and more new elements joining in our daily life 。In terms of beauty sparking a fierce debate。

Currently ,there are different opinions among people as to beauty。what is really true beauty,and why do you think of it beauty。

Do you have a dream of becaming a beautiful person? In my point of view,Inner beauty is more than external beauty。A kindness people can warmed other person's heart 。

life in the future ,i will try my best to help others。The progress of the society is based on harmoy that we should contribute to our love。

关于中国梦的论文

梦想在长城脚下放飞,希望在我们脑海中点燃。黑暗中一盏明灯,指引着我们的去向。记得苏格拉底说过:世界上最快乐的事,莫过于为理想而奋斗。我们从不怀疑,因为梦想只要经过奋斗,就可能变成现实。哪怕没有成功,我们也不后悔,因为我们至少奋斗、努力过。“我的中国梦”,和“梦”联系在一起的“国”不再空洞,和一个个“我”联系在一起的“梦”不再抽象。这里的“中国梦”不是一串漂亮的宏观数据,不是畅销书榜单上“大国崛起”,不是外国媒体派送的花篮或炮制的标签,它属于每一个平凡的中国人。“国”,要为每个社会个体实现自我价值提供公平的机会和正义的土壤,为他们体面劳动、尊严生活、合理上升提供最大保障。而“我”,要在改变自身命运的过程中相互守望、共同担当,为这个时代、这个社会、这个国家注入更多自信、温暖与希望。物质日渐富足,国力持续提升,新世纪第一个十年即将走完,“我的梦•中国梦”少了些沉重,多了些自由与开放,也更多闪烁出精神需求的光芒。正如《开学第一课》讲述的那样,今天的梦想不一定都是宏大叙事,袁隆平“干到九十岁,种出亩产一千公斤杂交水稻”是梦想,高原上的藏族小女孩喜欢跳舞、以后想当个舞蹈老师也是梦想。梦想也不一定都那么自我、那么“本土”、那么物质,创造财富是梦想,用手中的财富回馈全世界、影响全世界也是梦想。也许,现在“我的梦”中还有一些迷惘,“中国梦”中也还有太多需要自我完善和提升的地方,但每个梦想都值得尊重,并应该获得被平等放飞的机会。我的梦想是当一个可以救死扶伤、挽救生命的医生。我的妈妈是一名医生,所以我知道当医生有多累。但我更知道当妈妈成功救治了一个患者是,心中的快乐和自豪是难以想象的。我希望能有很多拥有这些梦想的同学,大家能够一起努力。说不定未来的中国将会减少很多悲伤痛苦,多出很多欢歌笑语。为中国出份绵薄之力。每个人,都可以有一个“中国梦”,就好像每个人都可以仰望星空,星光洒在每个人的脸上,照亮更加丰沛的人生,也照亮更加灿烂的中国。

中国梦是什么呢?中国梦是一双温暖无比的手,它会拉着你走向幸福的生活;中国梦是一辆 赛车 ,它会乘着你开向成功的道路;中国梦有一种非凡的力量,它可以释放出每个人一生中的所有潜力。下面是我给大家推荐的我心中的中国梦为主题的600字毛概论文,希望大家喜欢!

我心中的中国梦为主题的600字毛概论文篇一

《我心中的中国梦》

摘要:本文主要讲述了笔者对中国梦的理解。

关键字:中国梦

讲到中华民族,毛泽东同志曾经动情地说过这样一段话:“我们中国是世界上最大国家之一,它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这广大的领土之上,有广大的肥田沃地,给我们以衣食之源;有纵横全国的大小山脉,给我们生长了广大的森林,贮藏了丰富的矿产;有很多的江河湖泽,给我们以舟楫和灌溉之利;有很长的海岸线,给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。从很早的古代起,我们中华民族的祖先就劳动、生息、繁殖在这块广大的土地之上”。

正是在这片广袤神奇的土地上,勤劳勇敢的我国各族人民创造了灿烂的文明,写下了辉煌的历史。到乾隆末年,中国的经济总量已居世界第一位。但进入近代后,由于清朝统治者虚骄傲慢,闭关自守,盲目排外,中国这个东方大国落伍了。加之清王朝政治腐败,军备废弛,财政拮据,社会动荡,中国开始陷入危机四伏的境地。特别是1840年的鸦片战争更成为中国历史的转折点。此后,西方列强纷至沓来,对中国发动了一次又一次侵略战争,使中国一步一步沦为半殖民地半封建社会。到1900年八国联军占领北京,国家已濒临灭亡的边缘。于是,两大历史任务非常严峻地摆到了中华民族面前:一个是求得民族独立和人民解放;一个是实现繁荣富强和人民共同富裕。为了实现这个目标,中国人民不屈不挠,奋起抗争,终于掌握了自己的命运,开始了建设自己国家的伟大进程。经过鸦片战争以来170多年的不懈奋斗,中华民族伟大复兴展现出光明的前景。

每个人都有自己的理想和追求,都有自己的梦想和憧憬。而国家的前途、民族的命运,则与每个人息息相关。国家好,民族好,每个人才会好。实现中华民族的伟大复兴,是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想,也是每一个中国人最渴望实现的中国梦。现在,我们比历史上任何时候都更接近这个伟大目标。只要全体中华儿女同心同德,努力奋斗,中华民族伟大复兴的梦想就一定能实现。

我心中的中国梦为主题的600字毛概论文篇二

《我唯一的中国梦》

摘要:本文主要讲述了笔者对中国梦的认识。

关键字:鸦片战争;抗日战争;中国梦

我国自鸦片战争以后,遭受帝国主义列强的侵略与欺凌,特别是日本帝国主义者从1895年起,就逼迫我国签订了《马关条约》,将台湾、澎湖列岛掠夺走。1937年7月7日,又藉寻找一个“失踪”的士兵为名挑起卢沟桥事变。1937年12月13日南京沦陷,日本鬼子杀害我无辜老百姓30万人,妇女遭轮奸后也被杀害,罪恶滔天,罄竹难书。国共第二次合作共同抗日,坚持持久抗战,以消耗敌人有生力量。1945年8月6日、9日,美国分别在广岛、长崎投下两颗原子弹,而在我国境内的日本鬼子已深深陷入人民战争的泥潭,无法自拔,不得不于1945年8月15日宣布无条件投降。

八年抗日战争是我国历史上最艰苦最光辉的一页,全国几百万抗日官兵包括数十万黄埔将士献出了他们宝贵的生命,才换来中美英苏四大强国的国际地位,换回了民族的尊敬与自信。但是,战后日本从未向我国赔偿道歉,还不顾邻国反对,一再借靖国神社搞拜鬼活动,为军国主义招魂。特别从去年9月起,在钓鱼岛问题上颠倒是非,严重侵犯我国领土主权,伤害了中华民族两岸同胞的根本利益和尊严,是可忍,孰不可忍!对于一贯诡计多端、无事生非的日本右翼分子。我们要特别提高警惕,牢记贫穷就要挨饿、落后就要挨打的教训。在主席为首的党中央英明领导下,万众一心,奋发图强,发扬爱国革命的黄埔精神,捍卫国家的领土主权和民族利益。对胆敢来犯之敌,聚而歼之,彻底消灭干净!使两岸炎黄子孙永远过上幸福安康的生活。这就是我唯一的中国梦。

(作者为成都本校政研班七期,现任黄埔军校同学会理事)

小时候,我喜欢用音乐表现所有的美丽,也希望做个音乐老师,让身边所有人能感受音乐的魅力。学了几年的电子琴、但是我却没有一个认真的态度和一个坚韧的性格,所以也就一直一事无成,不经意间走过了的童年。任性的我错过了学习的好时机也错过了重点高中,初二我非常希望当兵,但是爸爸妈妈又怕我吃不了苦,就这样我没有自己的目标,也不知道该做什么.初中毕业后我选择学习美容美发,我只希望我能养活自己,我的琴开始荒废了,不过我为有自己的事情而开心。当我准备张罗自己的美容厅时,我却有个机会进入一所中专学习幼教专业。就这样三年后以优异的成绩中专毕业,当我真正步入工作岗位我发现一切不是象我所想象, 在一年的工作中不仅仅懂得了什么是白眼,讥讽,挤兑,我也渐渐了解一个18岁女孩子该做的是什么。在一次和父母的交谈中我说出了我心中的想法,我希望父母支助我读几年的大学。我毅然辞掉了父亲为我苦心安排的机关幼儿园教师那人人羡慕的工作。离开家开始我的求学经历。我的父母虽然也不舍得我的离开,但是他们为我的决定感到骄傲,在离家100公里的一个城市我开始了一个自己的梦想。我拜访名师,学习挨骂和暗自努力,住单身宿舍,啃方便面,疯狂的练琴、唱歌。学习文化课,我只能一个月回家一次,我会经常的一个人躲在宿舍里想爸爸妈妈,想家里温馨的氛围。但是留下的却是我的大哭一场。接着还要继续面对新的一天。当大学的录取通知书下来的的时候,我在医院躺了2个星期。长期的营养不良和严重的心理负担让我第一次尝到付出是什么滋味。大学毕业我放弃了市内的工作,而义无反顾的回到我的家乡在一所农村中学任教,我什么都教,地理、历史、政治、养殖、种植、美容、美发、服装裁剪、服装设计。在那所职业初级中学我开始展示我的不凡的才华,不会的我就把所有的内容从书上都背下来讲给学生听。每周我依旧过我的单身宿舍生活,接着就是火车到汽车,在到火车。吃面包喝矿泉水,为的就是去沈阳的一个教授那里学习声乐。但是一切都是那样的自然,一年后我考入了辽宁教育学院音乐教育成人本科班,每周我仍然坐近8个小时的汽车与火车。为了求学,我花掉了我的积蓄和我的工资,但是我收获的是更多的知识和技能,2000年我被我的母校清原职业中专正式调入,成为了一名名副其实的音乐专业的钢琴教师,现在我又拥有了一所私人的电子琴教室,除了我解释了自己存在的意义,我也为自己和家人创造了一个音乐的氛围和一个温馨的港湾。 现在我被驻扎在我们这里的部队邀请为政治处编外干事,主要就是教《军人道德组歌》,在真正接触了部队我才知道部队的艰苦和封闭。但是就因为这样我更崇拜军人也更愿意为部队做点我的贡献,三年来我每年都要去部队教歌,慰问,联欢,帮助他们排练节目,我的“军中玫瑰”的称号也是部队首长调侃出来的,但是我非常喜欢这个名字,也希望我无愧于这个名字。

提供几篇范文供你参考,希望对你有所帮助与启发,字数限制只能粘贴部分:1."中国梦"文化起源和发展梦如同人的身影一般,既司空见惯,又神秘莫测,既虚无飘渺,又真实可见。若说梦是幻觉,然梦中之人物事件,醒后皆历历在目;若说梦是真实之表现,然醒后难找与梦中人物事件完全一致者。有时日有所思,夜即梦之;有时梦中所见,日即遇之。梦之神秘至此,我们的祖先亦早知之,即产生梦文化。梦反映出人类内心世界,以及潜意识和意识之间的联系。在人类文明史上,梦始终被人们视为一个谜。在原始部落中,梦甚至是被当成天神降临或是妖魔附体。中国梦文化的历史演变梦文化的含义,梦是做梦者的一种心理体验,一旦这种体验突破梦者个体的界限,在人们之间互相交流,大家共同关注和思考的时候,它便成为一种具有社会性的文化现象,它是一种很奇特复杂的文化. 中国梦文化作为中国特殊的精神文化,具有自己固定的思想内涵和清晰的历史线索,在形式上与宗教哲学,艺术类的精神文化有着明显的不同,它不是以一种"凝聚态"的形式存在活动演变的,是以"发散态"的形式存在演变活动的.梦文化的这种形式,与其它的"凝聚态"精神文化,具有更强的渗透力和作用力.梦文化的主体也是整个中国文化的各个层面环节和角落,都可以看到梦文化的存在和它产生的影响.中国古代占梦迷信的历史演变,历代占梦书的流传和考证,种种的占梦术的秘密,90年出版的<睡虎地秦墓竹简日书>,是中国现代出土时间最早的梦书文本,在具体剖析占梦术的过程中,揭穿蒙昧性欺性,采取客观的态度,肯定占梦过程在不自觉的形式中,可能接触到梦的性质以及其活动机制的某些方面.研究历史文化现象,对于陈腐的东西不能够没有批判,但是批判要有实事求是的分析依据,讲明道理,破解除迷信,解放旧思想.梦体验是在个体身上发生的,过程和感受也是个体性的,它不只是属于某些个体,人人共同具有共同感受的.在人们日常交往中,互相交流这种体验与感受,大家共同关注和思考的时候,它便形成一种具有社会性的文化现象-梦文化.来自:.中国政治模式成就“中国梦”衡量一个国家的政治模式是否成功,标准和标志可能是多维的,但最主要的是看能否促进和保证国家经济社会快速、全面、稳定地发展,并在此基础上提高综合国力和人民的福祉。由此判断,中国现有的政治模式是成功的。“为了下次选举还是为了下一代”,是人们对政党竞选口号的尖锐批评为什么30年中国创造了人类历史上的奇迹,取得“井喷式的发展”?一种观点把中国30年的进步归于以市场为取向的改革,这只说对了一半,忽视了中国现有政治模式对经济发展、社会进步的推动、促进和保障作用。中国的政治模式在一个落后国家发展市场经济、实现现代化的过程中发挥了突出的作用,表现出巨大的优势。来源:.“中国梦”与世界梦什么是中国梦?中国梦就是实现中华民族的伟大复兴,建设一个富强、民主、文明、和谐的伟大国家。为什么要把中国梦与和谐世界联系在一起?这是中国梦的三个突出的特点所决定的。第一,规模大。在近代史上,崛起大国中最突出的例子是美国。美国1776年独立,1913年人均GDP超过英国。1914年美国人口是9800万。今天,中国在崛起,人口是13亿。可以想象,中国在崛起的过程中,会有多少人实现自己的梦想。这个规模可能是人类历史上没有先例的。转贴来源:

  • 索引序列
  • 关于美国梦的英语毕业论文
  • 有关于中国梦我的梦毕业论文
  • 有关红楼梦的英语毕业论文
  • 关于美的英语论文范文
  • 关于中国梦的论文
  • 返回顶部