毕业论文外文翻译是在网上找到一篇与你论文主旨相关的英文文章，然后自己翻译过来，篇幅必须长一点，因为一般毕业设计都要有字数限制。
本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译基本规范：
一、要求
1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。
2、两篇文献。
二、基本格式
1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。
2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。
3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。
4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去(见原文)。（空一行，字体同正文）
5、原文中出现的专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。
三、毕业论文（设计）外文翻译的内容要求
外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。
原文出处：期刊类文献书写方法：[序号]作者（不超过3人，多者用等或et al表示）.题（篇）名[J].刊名（版本）,出版年，卷次（期次）：起止页次。
原文出处：图书类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.书名[M].版本.出版地：出版者,出版年.起止页次。
原文出处：论文集类文献书写方法：[序号]作者.篇名[A].编著者.论文集名[C]. 出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页次。
要求有外文原文复印件。
扩展资料：
文献翻译要求
1、翻译要注重专业、准确
文献翻译涵盖许许多多的学科，每一学科都有自己的专业术语。比如，从事专利文献翻译的译者必须对相关专业术语有着深入的了解和清楚的把握，这样才能用专业、准确、规范的语言翻译出来。
2、翻译要注重知识更新
文献翻译涉及到各种学科，这些学科的发展是与时俱进的。因此，译员也要与时俱进，随时掌握最新的知识，这样才能更好地胜任翻译任务。
3、翻译要注重本地化
无论是将国外的文献翻译进来，还是将国内的文献介绍出去，翻译时都必须注意语言的本地化，符合目标语言的习惯。
4、翻译要注重语言严谨、流畅
文献翻译一方面讲究语言的严谨科学，逻辑的连贯严密，另一方面它也注重文字尽可能的优美流畅。因此，这类翻译对译者的目标语言使用能力是一种挑战。
参考资料：百度百科-文献翻译
毕业设计中的外文翻译就是内容提要，有一些导师会要求写成摘要，把内容提要的中文版翻译成英文即可。值得一提的是，内容提要下方的关键字也需要翻译成英文。
内容提要是全文内容的缩影。在这里，作者以极经济的笔墨，勾画出全文的整体面目；提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。
内容提要是正文的附属部分，一般放置在论文的篇首。
写作内容提要的目的在于：
1．为了使指导老师在未审阅论文全文时，先对文章的主要内容有个大体上的了解，知道研究所取得的主要成果，研究的主要逻辑顺序。
2．为了使其他读者通过阅读内容提要，就能大略了解作者所研究的问题，假如产生共鸣，则再进一步阅读全文。在这里，内容提要成了把论文推荐给众多读者的“广告”。
因此，内容提要应把论文的主要观点提示出来，便于读者一看就能了解论文内容的要点。论文提要要求写得简明而又全面，不要罗哩啰嗦抓不住要点或者只是干巴巴的几条筋，缺乏说明观点的材料。
内容提要可分为报道性提要和指示性提要。
报道性提要，主要介绍研究的主要方法与成果以及成果分析等，对文章内容的提示较全面。
指示性提要，只简要地叙述研究的成果(数据、看法、意见、结论等)，对研究手段、方法、过程等均不涉及。毕业论文一般使用指示性提要。
文献综述简称综述，是对某一领域，某一专业或某一方面的课题、问题或研究专题搜集大量相关资料，然后通过分析、阅读、整理、提炼当前课题、问题或研究专题的最新进展、学术见解或建议，对其做出综合性介绍和阐述的一种学术论文。
文献综述，一般都包含以下四部分：摘要、引言、主体和参考文献。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法、结果、动态和进展。
扩展资料：
文献综述看似简单，其实是一项高难度的工作。在国外，宏观的或者是比较系统的文献综述通常都是由一个领域里的顶级“大牛”来做的。
在现有研究方法的著作中，都有关于文献综述的指导，然而无论是教授文献综述课的教师还是学习该课程的学生，大多实际上没有对其给予足够的重视。而到了真正自己来做研究，便发现综述实在是困难。
以下为注意事项：
⒈ 搜集文献应尽量全。掌握全面、大量的文献资料是写好综述的前提，否则，随便搜集一点资料就动手撰写是不可能写出好的综述。
⒉ 注意引用文献的代表性、可靠性和科学性。在搜集到的文献中可能出现观点雷同，有的文献在可靠性及科学性方面存在着差异，因此在引用文献时应注意选用代表性、可靠性和科学性较好的文献。
⒊ 引用文献要忠实文献内容。由于文献综述有作者自己的评论分析，因此在撰写时应分清作者的观点和文献的内容，不能篡改文献的内容。引用文献不过多。
文献综述的作者引用间接文献的现象时有所见。如果综述作者从他人引用的参考文献转引过来，这些文献在他人引用时是否恰当，有无谬误，综述作者是不知道的，所以最好不要间接转引文献。
⒋ 参考文献不能省略。有的科研论文可以将参考文献省略，但文献综述绝对不能省略，而且应是文中引用过的，能反映主题全貌的并且是作者直接阅读过的文献资料。
5.综述篇幅不可太长。杂志编辑部对综述的字数一般都有一定数量的约定。作者在初写综述时，往往不注意这点，造成虚话、空话较多，重点不突出。综述一般不宜超过4000字。
综述并不是简单的文献罗列，综述一定有作者自己的综合和归纳。有的综述只是将文献罗列，看上去像流水账，没有作者自己的综合与分析，使人看后感到重复、费解，材料与评述不协调。
6.一些作者似乎把论文的引言看成是一种形式，是可有可无的部分，将引言的写作和正文的写作相分离，只是为了给论文加一顶帽子。
常见的现象是，一般化地论述研究的重要性，甚至从技术所涉及的行业在国民经济中的地位开始谈起，就像一篇领导的讲话稿。就是落脚于研究的主题，也是从宏观谈起到微观结束，停留在一般性的论述较多。
显然，这样做的结果是使读者无法准确地判断“论文命题”的具体价值，缺少对当前研究状况的概括和介绍，不知道作者的研究与以往的研究工作有什么不同？
因此，科技论文的引言必须交代研究工作的背景，概括性地论述所研究问题的现状。对研究现状的论述，不仅是考查作者对资料的占有程度和熟悉程度，更重要的是从资料的全面程度和新旧程度可以判断研究工作的意义和价值，以及研究结果的可信度。
7. 引文罗列，缺少分析和概括。引言不仅要反映背景的广度，更重要的是要考查作者对研究背景了解的深度。
一般作者对研究的问题了解不深，在介绍研究现状时往往是列出一大堆参考文献，罗列出不同研究者的不同作法和结论，缺乏作者的分析和归纳，没有概括出研究的成果和存在的问题，有的甚至将一些与本文研究没有直接关系的文献也列在其中，片面地强调资料占有的丰富性。
尽管有人认为，对研究现状的介绍不同的杂志有不同的要求，但从论文写作的角度出发，引言的目的是阐述论文命题的意义，而并非是研究资料的综述，尽管综述对读者查找资料提供了方便。
因此，应当用作者自己的语言概括出研究的现状，特别是存在的难点和不足，从而引出论文研究的主题。
参考资料来源：百度百科-文献综述
为了综合评价学生的能力，毕业设计时有个文献翻译的任务，具体是学生自己找一篇与自己的毕业论文相关的英文文献（作者以英语为母语），并翻译成汉语，字数有要求，看学校的规定了。
外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
外文翻译，就是翻译一篇你参考的外文资料。文献综述，就是目前你研究课题的国内外研究情况的介绍、分析和存在的问题。当然，这些是建立在你查阅文献资料的基础上，要注意：文献综述要述评，而不能只是概括叙述别人的观点。
外文翻译就是在网上找一篇专业论文，要求跟你的涉及题目类似，然后自己翻译过来，翻译的字数要达到毕业设计的要求。文献综述就是把你用到的一些文献简单介绍下即可
毕业论文基本结构如下：1、标题：文章的大纲。每一种文章的标题、风格都是多样的，但无论是哪种形式，都应始终体现作者写作的意图
毕业论文的基本框架通常都包括摘要，这是用来介绍技术发展的；还有实验部分，这是来介绍自己的实验结果的以及结论部分，这是对自己的实验进行总结的部分。
The first semiconductor lasers into practical, the lasing wavelength 0.83到0.85 um. This corresponds to the fiber loss spectrum of a window, multi-mode optical fiber loss of 2 dB / km. Centered on improving the capacity of optical fiber communication systems, in the 1970s-period. 1.3 um wavelength in the loss was smaller (0.4 dB/km3, close to zero coefficient of dispersion single mode optical fiber. Soon after to develop further reduce the wear and tear 1. 55um single-mode optical fiberWindow. Back in the late 1960s began to study the long-wavelength (1.3 ym) InGaAsP / InP laser also with single-mode optical fiber into the development of practical systems. 1.55 uPm lasing wavelength of the laser diode was quick to practical use. To further to achieve the low threshold lasers, good dynamic single-frequency, high temperature and the characteristics of the work of the long-term stability, and have a lot of different structures, high-performance semiconductor lasers, such as the hidden bar buried heterojunction (BH ) Laser, distributed feedback (DFH) laser, sub-Bubu Bragg reflector (DBR) laser, cleavage coupled lasers and quantum well lasers, and so on.Visible development of the momentum from semiconductor laser discs, optical-times the income copying and processing technology development. As early as 1974 the Netherlands, Philips Research experimental laser-start digital audio recording (DAD) Study. Okazaki in the record store data on the number of inverse laser beam focus will be on the spot diameter and the diameter is proportional to the wavelength of the laser. Therefore, in order to improve access to the information DAD density, to use the laser wavelength as short as possible sources. The first is the use of the He-Ne laser, but because of their size greenhouses limited life, the 1982 listing of the CD (CompactDisk) jukebox on a wavelength of 780 nm semiconductor laser. In recent years. A shorter wavelength such as the 30 nm semiconductor lasers have become commodities. Small size, low price and long life in the semiconductor laser optical information storage and processing has been the largest market. shan of laser research to promote a high-power laser diode (including the array of lasers) development. For there were iron-doped solid medium, such as Nd: YAG, Nd; YVO, such as the wavelength of 808 nm-effective around the peaks, with small size, lasing wavelength of 808 nm semiconductor laser instead of the usual-pumped solid-state laser materials, Can be small in size, Su Pu high efficiency (up to 70%) for dim light of the solid.With REE-doped fiber amplifier, used as the source of pumping high-power laser diode was also another important application. For example, using wavelength of 980 nm or 1480 nm, for the tens of milliwatts of power semiconductor laser pump fiber, can get high-gain coefficient, so that optical signals are more than 30 dB gain. Fiber amplifier in the optical fiber communication has been critical applications.In short, the need for a variety of applications, semiconductor laser beam is to improve the quality of development, reducing the beam divergence angle to enhance the coherence of space, increasing the high-speed modulation of the so-called dynamic single-model; pressure narrow spectral line width to improve beam The time coherence; further enhance the stability of temperature (that is, high temperature on the strength of the levy), the application of the laser diode is continuously expanding.5, the band works so that semiconductor lasers generate a new leap forward with the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal organic compounds chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technology development and improvement, can grow to atomic size of the order of ultra-thin layer, which can Formation of the carrier into a holding it is the nature of quantum wells and superlattices. This is a band semiconductor and massive (often referred to as material) Semiconductor completely different shape and structure, and can, if necessary, by changing variables should be ultra-thin layer of the band structure change. The so-called "band project" or "band cutting project" to semiconductor laser with a new vitality, its device performance a big leap. For example, the quantum well semiconductor laser output power for up to tens of watts; temperatures as high as several characteristics of Baidu; laser threshold current of less than 1 mA; multiple quantum modulation doped laser relaxation oscillation frequency of up to 30 GHz, as usual Double-heterojunction semiconductor laser five times in the high-speed modulation than the width of the semiconductor laser is usually a low numberOrder of magnitude, and so on. As quantum well (especially strained quantum well) structure emerges, the visible light laser diode increase the life span, the lasing wavelength further shortened. Have proven that the band works to fundamentally change the face of the semiconductor laser. In the near future, its continuous power output may reach several hundred watts and watts in order to enable it is not only a technical school in the field of information, but also in material processing, and to play an important role.
2, Business English, translation strategies 1. Multi-word translation and professional terminology � Business English Translation of words before and after the match according to context for an accurate selection of the link. Such as the Premium Translation of the word are as follows: a. Insurance; b. Additional costs, surcharges c. Beyond the usual price premium. The same word, due to the different contexts, its meaning can vary widely. Look at the following examples: They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China, London. These two sentences have the semantic distinction between credit. Business English Translation contains a large number of vocabulary, so the precise vocabulary for commonly used in the translation is very important. As a large number of Business English translators must have a grasp of business implications of these common words and compound words and acronyms language. Prices of commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF has its own specific professional content, and if CWO ordering payment; B / L bill of lading; L / C Letter of Credit; COD shipping to pay now; WPA W. P. A.; blue chip blue chip, blue-chip stocks; bad debt bad debts, and so on. Business English translation should follow the business of professional terminology. So they requested that Business English translation of a large number of professional workers to master vocabulary and translation skills. 2. Words the amount of increase or decrease in English translation in business practice, the word is also important to increase or decrease in the amount of a translation skills. The process of translation according to the original context, meaning, logical relations, and target language features and syntax of expression, sometimes an increase in the translation of the original does not appear, but the actual contents of the letter already contains the word or less original though, but do not need the word language translation . Appropriate by word, by word, balance, and punctuate sentences with the relationship between the English and Chinese sentence structure, expression, figure of speech entirely, so as to make translation a more concise, more in line with Chinese expression, is sometimes necessary to omit some words; and sometimes in order to enable translation of clear, according to the meaning, rhetoric and syntax, no need for translation into the original meaning of its words and its word, to make translation more. As well as the original sentence can be divided into a few words, or specific circumstances to a synthesis of two sentences, and to make appropriate adjustments to the original, this aim is to make the translation complete and accurate. We are pleased to have received your invitation to the symposium on Internet. (Omitted pronoun "we"). Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet be settle. (Noun fact is not translated). 3. � The role of the use of context sometimes, we need the help of contextual factors on the article to be translated, in other words, in the trade English translation, sometimes need to use literal translation, sometimes need to use translation, whether it's literal translation or paraphrase all need to translate the objective reality and to determine the need according to the context, context and other factors. Literal translation is difficult wording, or translated after the ineffective, that is not fully reflect the intention of the original or translation incoherently when vivid contextual factors that need to consider the context in order to paraphrase, and we must ensure that the correct expression of doubt to the original content, and accurate reproduction the spirit of the original tone to achieve fluent. Such as: Please lose no time in dispatching our goods. If we are literally these words: Please do not lose a little time for our shipment. This translation is a mouthful, does not meet the specific context of the English language and customs of trade, if we change kinds of translation methods: please do not hesitate for our shipping. This translation is more authentic.
The first semiconductor lasers into practical, the lasing wavelength 0.83到0.85 um. This corresponds to the fiber loss spectrum of a window, multi-mode optical fiber loss of 2 dB / km. Centered on improving the capacity of optical fiber communication systems, in the 1970s-period. 1.3 um wavelength in the loss was smaller (0.4 dB/km3, close to zero coefficient of dispersion single mode optical fiber. Soon after to develop further reduce wear and tear of 1.55 um single-mode optical fiber Window. Back in the late 1960s began to study the long-wavelength (1.3 ym) InGaAsP / InP laser also with single-mode optical fiber into the development of practical systems. 1.55 uPm lasing wavelength of the laser diode was quick to practical use. To further to achieve the low threshold lasers, good dynamic single-frequency, high temperature and the characteristics of the work of the long-term stability, and have a lot of different structures, high-performance semiconductor lasers, such as the hidden bar buried heterojunction (BH ) Laser, distributed feedback (DFH) laser, sub-Bubu Bragg reflector (DBR) laser, cleavage coupled lasers and quantum well lasers, and so on. Visible development of the momentum from semiconductor laser discs, optical-times the income copying and processing technology development. As early as 1974 the Netherlands, Philips Research experimental laser-start digital audio recording (DAD) Study. Okazaki in the record store data on the number of inverse laser beam focus will be on the spot diameter and the diameter is proportional to the wavelength of the laser. Therefore, in order to improve access to the information DAD density, to use the laser wavelength as short as possible sources. The first is the use of the He-Ne laser, but because of their size greenhouses limited life, the 1982 listing of the CD (CompactDisk) jukebox on a wavelength of 780 nm semiconductor laser. In recent years. A shorter wavelength such as the 30 nm semiconductor lasers have become commodities. Small size, low price and long life in the semiconductor laser optical information storage and processing has been the largest market. shan of laser research to promote a high-power laser diode (including the array of lasers) development. For there were iron-doped solid medium, such as Nd: YAG, Nd; YVO, such as the wavelength of 808 nm-effective around the peaks, with small size, lasing wavelength of 808 nm semiconductor laser instead of the usual-pumped solid-state laser materials, Can be small in size, Su Pu high efficiency (up to 70%) for dim light of the solid. With REE-doped fiber amplifier, used as the source of pumping high-power laser diode was also another important application. For example, using wavelength of 980 nm or 1480 nm, for the tens of milliwatts of power semiconductor laser pump fiber, can get high-gain coefficient, so that optical signals are more than 30 dB gain. Fiber amplifier in the optical fiber communication has been critical applications. In short, the need for a variety of applications, semiconductor laser beam is to improve the quality of development, reducing the beam divergence angle to enhance the coherence of space, increasing the high-speed modulation of the so-called dynamic single-model; pressure narrow spectral line width to improve beam The time coherence; further enhance the stability of temperature (that is, high temperature on the strength of the levy), the application of the laser diode is continuously expanding5, the band works so that semiconductor lasers generate a new leap forward with the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal organic compounds chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technology development and improvement, can grow to atomic size of the order of ultra-thin layer, which can Formation of the carrier into a holding it is the nature of quantum wells and superlattices. This is a band semiconductor and massive (often referred to as material) Semiconductor completely different shape and structure, and can, if necessary, by changing variables should be ultra-thin layer of the band structure change. The so-called "band project" or "band cutting project" to semiconductor laser with a new vitality, its device performance a big leap. For example, the quantum well semiconductor laser output power for up to tens of watts; temperatures as high as several characteristics of Baidu; laser threshold current of less than 1 mA; multiple quantum modulation doped laser relaxation oscillation frequency of up to 30 GHz, as usual Double-heterojunction semiconductor laser five times in the high-speed modulation than the width of the semiconductor laser is usually a low number Order of magnitude, and so on. As quantum well (especially strained quantum well) structure emerges, the visible light laser diode increase the life span, the lasing wavelength further shortened. Have proven that the band works to fundamentally change the face of the semiconductor laser. In the near future, its continuous power output may reach several hundred watts and watts in order to enable it is not only a technical school in the field of information, but also in material processing, and to play an important role.
参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献。
因参考文献的著录格式各刊不尽相同，投稿前作者应注意杂志稿约的有关规定，至少得先看看有关期刊发表的论文的参考文献是如何标注的，以了解有关期刊的参考文献的著录格式，以免出错。许多作者投递的稿件书写格式包括参考文献的著录格式与杂志所要求的不同。
坦率地讲，编辑和审稿专家也是人，工作中多少也有感情因素。如果拿到手中的是一篇书写格式不合要求的文章，别的暂且不论，就书写格式不规范这一条，就足以给编辑留下不好的印象，甚至让编辑做出退稿的决定。
就算最后没有被退稿，此类稿件较书写格式规范的稿件被录用的可能性大大降低。其实作者犯的是一个很低级的错误，让编辑很自然地联想到，该作者不太尊重期刊，还有期刊的编辑以及审稿专家。
因此，作者在投稿前一定要注意期刊参考文献的著录方式，以免产生不必要的负面影响。其实，并不复杂，只要稍稍留意即可。
写参考书的名称、作者、著作时间等，在论文的最后。
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
正文中的注释和参考文献是论文格式最为重要的部分，请论文作者逐条仔细阅读。建议先做好参考文献格式，再对照格式要求作夹注。
分脚注和夹注两种，。
1)脚注
正文内容如有需作出特别说明或解释之处以脚注的形式处理，编号格式设置为“○1,○2,○3…”，编号方式设置为“每页重新编号”，脚注会自动出现在当页正文下。字体采用默认值(小五号)。
2)夹注
对论文中的直接引用或间接引用部分所依据的文献以夹注的形式标出。夹注可以采用以下几种形式：
作者姓氏未在引文中出现，则夹注用括号标出作者姓氏，空一格字母再标出引文页码。为避免不必要的麻烦，中文作者用全名。
引用一位作者
“Time is no longer felt as an objective, causal progression with clearly marked-out differences between periods…” (Frank 20)
As the British novelist-critic Christine Brooke-Rose has put it, the novelists now have nothing new to tell since what should be told have been told altogether (Yin Qiping 33-35) .
引用两位作者
Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend & Waugh 10-16).
作者有三个以上，
则在第一位作者的姓氏后写上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略，或列上全部姓氏，夹注中的形式应与参考文献中的形式保持一致。
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 19-35).
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff, Goldberger, & Tarule 15-20).
同姓作者
还需加名的开头字母予以区分，如：
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
文本中不指名列举持某一观点的'作者
Others hold the opposite point of view (e.g., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)
作者姓氏在引文中出现，则只需用括号标出引文页码
Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (10).
如在引文中提及整个文献及作者姓氏(不必夹注，但参考文献中要注明相关出版信息)
Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.
集体作者如果组织名称太长，第一次提及时可采用全称后加注缩略
The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).
以后直接用缩略形式做夹注
The report surveys the major problems in fundraising (AMNH 15).
引用多卷本中的一卷
Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4).
Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972 (4: 98-104).
引文出自同一作者的不同文献
引用同一作者的两篇以上的文献, 可以分别以文献名全名(如果文献全名简短的话)或文献名的缩略形式(如果文献全名较长的话)注释。
文本中未出现引文作者姓氏，也未出现文献名的，夹注用括号标出作者姓氏，姓氏后加逗号，空一格字母标出带下划线的该作者的书名，书名后空一格字母标出引文页码，如：
Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the grotesque” (Frye, The Anatomy of Criticism 237).
文本中出现作者姓氏的，夹注用括号标出带下划线的该作者的书名，空一格字母再标出引文页码，如：
Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79).
若引文出自杂志，则把文章名放在双引号内，空一格字母再标出引文页码，如：
Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).
文本中既出现作者姓氏又出现该作者的书名或文章名，则只需标出引文页码
In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth-century England as a minor force in the world of music and art (214-48).
一个夹注中涉及一篇以上文献
(Lauter 34; Crane 98)
...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
转引
Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
引文来自于中文作者(对“孔子”等已有英文译名的必须使用标准译名，如Confucius 33; Mencius 22-25)
(Hu Zhuanglin 33)
(Zhu Xianzhi & Lin Chongde 89)
(Xu Guozhang et al. 33-35)
(Confucius 33)
短引文 (四行以内或诗歌三行以内)
引文须加双引号，括号内提供作者、页码(诗歌的话提供诗行)信息，标点符号在括号之后。如果问号、感叹号若是引文的一部分，则须放在引言内，否则，也放在括号之后。
According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?
诗行与诗行之间用“/”隔开，如：
Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there/ That's all I remember" (11-12).
长引文
如果引文较长，超过4行，拟另起一行，不加引号，左边缩进10个英文字母, 夹注紧随引文末尾，句点应放在引用括号之前。
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)
引文为两段或两段以上，或引文来自诗歌，或引文来自剧本，或引文附带译文，详细说明分别参考《MLA科研论文写作规范》82页;83-84页;85页;93页。注意引文来自诗歌等韵文时，可以篇次和行次代替夹注中的页码;引文来自剧本等文献时，以幕次、场次和行次代替页码。
引文中的添加与省略
在添加的词两头加“[ ]”。
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (78).
在省略的此处用省略号“…”代替，省略号前后各空一字母。
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (78).
词典词条
将词条在双引号中列出，后加 “def.”，空一字母后再加页码。
According to The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, “study” means “application of the mind to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, investigation, or reflection” (“Study,” def. 1888).
5. 关于参考文献
说明：
1)参考文献部分以Times New Roman小四号正体加粗居中标明“Works Cited”列在正文后(或尾注后)，另页书写。“Works Cited”与第一个参考文献之间空一行。不得罗列同正文没有直接关系的文献，参考文献条目与引文夹注要对应。外文文献排列在前，以姓氏的首字母为序排列，中文文献排列在后，以姓氏的拼音为序排列。每条文献顶格写，回行时英文空5个字母，中文空两格。
2) 建议论文作者多使用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献。引用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献至少2本(篇)以上。
4)主要作者(编者、译者)采用姓在前，名在后的形式，作者姓与名之间用逗号分隔(中文姓名不用分隔);2人以内全部写上，第2 者起姓名按正常顺序，两个主要作者(编者、译者)之间英语的加“&”、中文的加 “、”三个主要作者(编者、译者)以上只写第一人再加“et al.”或“等”(中文)。
5)英文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用斜体，如果图书中包含作品名，作品名使用正体。例如：
Parkes, Adam. Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day. New York & London: Continuum, 2001.
6)中文图书等采用汉英对照形式，以便正文中统一按照英文模式(格式同英文文献)做夹注，列中文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用书名号，作者与作者之间用“、”号，英 语文 献中的句点在中文文献中用宋体字体下的逗号代替、冒号也要是宋体字体下的冒号，且汉字之间或标点与汉字之间没有空格。中文文献的英文模式须加“[ ]”，下面参考文献格式不再赘述。例如：
王守仁、方杰，《英国文学简史》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006年。
[Wang Shouren & Fang Jie. A Concise History of English Literature. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.]
7)除了版本研究(如翻译版本对照研究)之外，不宜将同一本书的英文版本和中文版本同时列为参考文献。英 语文 学论文作者必须使用所研究作品的英文版本。
8) 非单行本短篇小说一般应参照文章格式处理，例如：
Joyce, James. “Araby.” Dubliners. London: Penguin, 1967.
Based on this account, feminism British charlotte Bronte's Jane eyre by identity, from the writer, the heroine of the words in the text, on the basis of the description of trying to prove is certain, and embodies the rebellious in Victorian some ideas in revolt, reflected in balance, the balance of rebellion, namely again revealed work itself exists.This article, from the four aspects: Jane eyre by the objectivity of narration. First is the first person narration in historical context, this has certain estabished and author adopts anonymous way to hide in the neutral kohler bell such symbols, avoid face behind the evaluation, and the "reader" narrative calm objective analysis of the language and also helps to hide the female identity.Secondly, to rebel against the epistolary novel with regression. In the historical condition at that time, women writer published works, if want to get the right to social authority and established tradition compromise. When the dominant female writing text, with the epistolary an individual who tells the story of the way maximum weakened "freedom" shake the patriarchal society of energy, Jane eyre by using this kind of style, but no text in the "reader" and the call is very similar to the epistolary novel. In this way the managed to established social authority of compromise and balance.Third, to a governess types of narrative beyond and balance. The female teacher managed before the family story in view of the narrator were the characters in the novel and the distance of moral character, the narrator by the muzzle admonished, Jane eyre by while the narrator in moral character and no difference. People in some cases of words, but the more radical from the whole novel, also there is silence and gradually, both the calm of the Victorian some ideas.Finally, the serious novels and achieve a balance between the popular novels. As a wto is not deep but thought rich women, have individual need expression rebelliousness and instinctive desires, But time limitations and individuals in the era under the influence of the ideological state and can choose economic status, forcing her consciously or unconsciously reflect a certain historical environment and the coordination and balance.
JANE EYRE > is the 19th century British Writer Criticizing realism Scialotti Bronte representative of the. It has succeeded in shaping the shape of the British literature in the first to love, life, social and religious have taken an independent and active attitude and dare to fight and daring to fight for free and equal status of women. This major conform to simplicity love character and dignity of the value = love for analysis.
1、References （最为常用）2、Bibliography3、上面两个合用
Of twists and turns in the journey of life, who give you the most sincere and warm care, greetings to you who is, always give your selfless dedication; who worked tirelessly to teach the truth with your interaction with others; who is for you trivia worry? Yes! Great maternal love. Maternal love is selfless and unceasing. A mother is not no love for their children. Anyway, after all, are the maternal life the most sincere and most difficult to let go of the feelings. Hemerocallis Sheng Tang stage, wandering the line End of the World; mother by a break and not see day lily flowers. Mother hands line, wandering clothing. Departure sew, For fear. Who is the inch of grass, reported in the apartments. These are poems of Meng Jiao, sons and daughters expressed gratitude to the mother, praised the world's greatest mother love, motherly love, what a divine, what a great word, the word includes all the love, it is love byword Maternal, influence everything. When you have to withstand the pressures brought about by the outside world, the mother from the top of your piece of the sky, to resist all the wind and rain; when your heart is no comfort, she enlighten you, educate you, teach you "step backward" in philosophy; When you encounter difficulties and setbacks or in a bad mood while she blew her top when she was still strong enough to endure in silence, but to enlighten; when you're learning because of fatigue, upset, she would send a cup of hot tea, not to be in any language, all feelings were translated into tears fall on your palm, nothing at all, maternal love, but simply want us to feel the warmth and love it. Mother's love is not deep, it in life. She is my favorite person in the world, but also my most trusted friends. Maternal love, sincere and selfless. When you are in danger, she was desperate to help you, even if the loss of life would complain; when you feel the pain of despair, she is more painful than you sad, but it must be strong to comfort you, make you feel at ease; when please you pleasure, she will accompany you to share his joy, but it will not occupy more than a little, let your heart be empty nothing. Friends may be enemies, but the mother does not. Even how much you hurt her heart, she still loves you, as always, but my mother does not need to return, I know, my mother's love, with my life is not yet clear. This love is too strong. Maternal love, asking nothing in return. When your birthday, she seemed much excited, nervous, make arrangements for you all, down from year to year, always remember than you know. And when I arrived at her birthday, but never saw her too much make arrangements, but still maintain the look of the TV drama smile, silently accept you forget her birthday and her indifference, grew up, I know my mother As long as I have been good, the other to pay more, are only secondary. I also learned not to let my mother sad, not let her down. Maternal love, never stops. At home, her love surrounded me like a lot of ideas; accompany the mother of truth and warmth of my time infection, maternal love is really very great, even if you every day with her and always felt her love. Sometimes rebellious, tired just want to express his love to her but no performance, so another way to let her attention. Mother's Love does not need arrangements, as long as the hard feelings, she is in you by my side. Of course, the occasion of the maternal ho knows no boundaries, but also the savior of women themselves. As long as she thought of the children, do children think of an example, think of the children must not live their lives so that she will defeat themselves from the power of rising from the good from the true from the United States. Mother love is permanent, and maternal love is great, and it is selfless, it is immersed in all things, filling in between heaven and earth. No matter where you are, can feel the warmth of her, no matter what your insurance throughout the body, can feel her heartbeat, you're happy, her happiness. You sad, she cried. Only her, never need to treasure, but never forget that this is love. Here, I want to say: Mom, I want you, I love you! When the call is connected the moment, I cried. . . This time of year I gave my mother a bath and enjoy themselves to the heart to the joy of my mother! Mom, I want to do for you?