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政府采购 Government PurchaseGovernment Procurement 政府供应链管理 Supply Chain Management ----------------------------供应链管理环境下政府采购研究Study of government procurement in supply chain management<<科技与管理 >>2005年01期杨光华 , 许康 , 何康平供应链管理为政府采购改革和发展提供新的思想和模式供应链管理环境下政府采购注重信息化、主动化、全过程的采购思想用集成式信息运作模式来解决政府集中采购供应链的复杂性采购计划、准时采购、供应商管理、信息技术为其实施的基础 --------------------Government Procurement SummaryGovernment Procurement of goods and services typically accounts for 10-15% of GDP for developed countries, and up to as much as 20% of GDP for developing In an attempt to harness this significant portion of the international economy, WTO members signed the plurilateral (only binding to WTO members who choose to sign) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) at the Uruguay Round in The agreement was based on the 1979 Tokyo Round government procurement Currently, there are 26 signatories, including Canada, the EU, the United Kingdom and the United S[1] The rest of the signatories are predominantly developed [2]The intention of the GPA is to ensure that government decisions regarding government purchases of goods and services do not depend upon where the good is produced or the service rendered, nor upon the supplier's foreign The GPA signatories' initial step in establishing this "non-discrimination" was to create a working group at the 1996 Ministerial Conference in Singapore to investigate government procurement All WTO members were represented in this working The Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement examines questions such as: does a particular government publish the criteria upon which it bases its procurement decisions? Does it publish the opportunities for procurement so that all suppliers know about them? Does it encourage competition among potential suppliers? After investigating these questions and others, the working group will try to create policies to open competition for government Many countries place restrictions on government procurement of both goods and services for a variety of Some will do so to encourage domestic industry, though many developing countries have limited domestic service industries, and turn to foreign service providers as a Several developed countries would like to see the GPA become a multilateral Such a step would increase market opportunities for their own firms, allowing them to bid for foreign government purchases on a "level playing " The most vocal proponents of a multilateral GPA are the US and EU Proponents of a multilateral GPA also see it as part of a "good governance" agenda for the developing world - the more transparent procurement processes are, they argue, the less opportunity there will be for corruption and rent-seeking on the part of domestic governments and [3]While these countries hope for a multilateral GPA in the future, opposition to a multilateral agreement comes from several developing countries (particularly India, Pakistan and Egypt) and relief organizations, such as O[4] These parties see the opening of government procurement not as a way to gain a "level playing field," but rather as a situation in which developing and least developed countries are likely to lose ground to expanding industrial The developing countries and relief organizations fear that the growing industries of developing nations will be at a disadvantage if large and established foreign companies are allowed to bid for government contracts alongside their own domestic firms, leading to balance of payments In addition, other opposing countries cite government procurement laws as a restraint on their ability to address certain non-trade issues, such as the environment, ecolabelling, and human rights Currently, if a government has certain labor standards, for example, it may discourage human rights violations in the workplace by only purchasing from firms that meet their Such countries argue that if government procurement laws would eliminate their discretion in deciding similar matters, and labor standards and environmental protection, among other things, would ---------------------ProcurementPublic sector spending on goods and services across Scotland amounts to around £8 billion per Procurement guidelines govern the purchasing of these goods and services in areas such as IT and telecoms, health and education services and local The public procurement reform programme aims to drive up standards in the way the public sector procures goods and services to ensure that tax payers money is spent as wisely as

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[1] 贺晓甫；浅谈煤炭企业物资管理的重要性[J] ；中国煤矿安全生产网；2009，（12）[2] 马琨；浅析煤炭企业仓库管理现状及发展趋势[J] 现代经济信息；2012年第2期[3] 秦晋丹企业仓库作业现代化的重要性[J] 山西煤炭管理干部学院学报，2008 年02期[4]陈枫煤炭企业物资供应管理体系的探讨[J ] 今日科苑2009年第12期 [5] 蔡秀芹煤炭企业物资管理模式改革探讨[J ] 《魅力中国》，2011 ，(6) [6] 韩新春煤炭企业物资集中管理模式浅析[J ] 企业导报，2012 第9期

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1]何桢,车建国精益六西格玛:新竞争优势的来源[J] 天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2005,(05) [2]王慧战略采购[J] 山东纺织经济, 2006,(04) [3]何桢,岳刚,王丽林六西格玛管理及其实施[J] 数理统计与管理, 2007,(06) [4]吴跃东 ,尹丽丽战略采购关乎企业赢利能力[J] 上海经济, 2005,(05) [5]方贤水,薛丽莉战略采购研究综述及启示[J] 商场现代化, 2006,(24) [6]吴虹飞,李向晟论公司的战略采购及其构成[J] 浙江统计, 2005,(07) [7]邵敬中 ,张帆节约60%成本的方法:战略采购[J] 中国企业家, 2003,(02) [8]浦杰战略采购确实有效吗?[J] 现代制造, 2000,(10) 1]杜培枫基于现代物流竞争战略的3PL[J] 山西财经大学学报, 2003,(02) [2]何桢,车建国精益六西格玛:新竞争优势的来源[J] 天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2005,(05) [3]刘海霞基于战略目标驱动下的企业并购战略选择[J] 商丘职业技术学院学报, 2007,(06) [4]刘建香超循环理论在供应链联盟中的应用[J] 商讯商业经济文荟, 2006,(03) [5]阎海燕,2徐波供应链管理环境中的制造柔性[J] 特区经济, 2006,(06) [6]边利,李自如,邓建基于信息熵和密切值法的供应商选择与实证研究[J] 情报杂志, 2005,(11) [7]王慧战略采购[J] 山东纺织经济, 2006,(04) [8]何桢,岳刚,王丽林六西格玛管理及其实施[J] 数理统计与管理, 2007,(06) [9]公斌酒店采购管理漏洞及解决方法的探讨[J] 中国市场, 2008,(41) [10]张群,来守林 CPFR技术在连锁超市的应用[J] 商场现代化, 2006,(28)

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