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环境会计产生的环境回顾环境会计产生和发展二十多年的历史，可以看出环境会计是在自然环境遭受严重破坏、生态环境严重恶化、经济发展的物质基础受到威胁的背景下，人们在分析了传统会计理论和方法的局限性基础上提出的。环境状况的恶化对经济活动主体提出新的要求。人类在生产和生活过程中，不断从自然界取得资源，同时又将生产和生活中产生的废物排放到环境中去。随着经济的发展和人口的增长，人类要求从自然界取得的资源越来越多，同时排放到自然界中的废物也越来越多，超过了自然界的承受能力，导致生态破坏、环境污染等一系列环境问题。目前，世界各国都不同程度的存在着环境污染和生态破坏问题，各国的环境问题又共同造成了全球性的环境问题。面对越来越严重的环境问题，各国提高了对环境问题的重视程度，在世界范围内寻求合作以解决治理环境的国际协调问题。1987年，联合国世界环境与发展委员会提出了可持续发展战略，作为指导各国环境与发展实践的共同战略。所谓可持续发展是指既满足当代人的需要，以不对后代人满足其需要的能力构成危害的发展模式，其实质在于限制、调整人类的各种活动特别是经济活动，在经济社会的发展过程中解决各种环境问题，使经济社会的发展建立在环境资源可以承受的基础上，并促使其充分、持久地发展，从而最大限度地满足当代人和后代人的需要。我国20年来的改革开放促进了经济发展和国民经济高速增长，创造了巨大的物质财富，人民生活有了较大提高，但由于对资源开发强度过大，造成环境污染，水土流失，耕地面积减少，资源耗竭速度提高，大量物种濒临灭绝等环境问题。98年特大洪水在一定程度上就是由于沿江植被遭到破坏，水土流失严重造成的。我国政府近年来加大了环境保护方面的法制建设和资金投入，取得了一定的效果，但也存在着投入总量不足、环保效益和经济效益差等问题。在总量上，发达国家环境保护投入平均占GNP的1％－2％，我国仅占7％，且由于我国环保历史欠帐较多，投入总量更显不足。在效益上，由于对环境资源的过度开发和浪费缺乏有效的监督和控制，现阶段仅仅从法律监督和行政管理方面对破坏环境的行为进行控制，而没有健全、系统的量化指标把企业的环保责任和经济效益联系起来，把保护环境变为企业的自觉行为。企业还没有把环境保护作为企业生存和发展的一个必要条件，没有把环境保护作为企业扩大市场占有率、提高经济效益的重要手段，认为进行环保投入和技改得不到切实的回报，积极性较差。为提高环保投入产出率，改善环保工作的效果，确保人类社会的可持续发展，利用会计手段对环境资源和环保责任进行计量和控制，研究专门的会计方法体系是十分必要的。企业适应环境要求，提高经济效益的必由之路。企业要实现长期生存和稳定发展，必须树立适应环境的观念，社会环境是企业生存和发展的制度基础，而自然环境则是企业生存和发展的物质基础。传统观点认为：企业必须尽可能地适应社会环境，寻求最佳投资环境、融资环境、市场环境和政策环境，才能求得长期生存和稳定发展。而从可持续发展观点看来：企业的生存和发展需要不断地从自然环境中取得资源，又要不断地将废物排放到环境中去，如果企业没有一个持续、稳定的自然环境作为物质基础，求得与自然环境的和谐共生，企业的长期生存和稳定发展只能是空谈。现实生活中，人们的环境保护意识不断增强，越来越要求企业提供更多的绿色产品，企业立足自身经济利益，也应增强环保意识，增大环保投入，降低能源消耗，细化环保投入和产出的计量，计量取得的环境资源、负有的环保责任和发生的环境费用，确认取得的环境收益或损失。这样才能全面的衡量企业的效益状况，为企业目标的实现提供真实、可靠的信息。传统会计模式的局限性传统会计的目标是借助会计对经济活动进行核算和监督，为经营管理提供财务信息，并考核经营责任，从而取得最大的经济效益。传统会计侧重于从人类经济活动的角度出发，着眼于对自然资源的开发利用，没有将环境所带来的经济问题纳入会计研究的范围，表现为会计信息披露不充分和会计循环过程的不完整。传统会计没有将环境所带来的经济问题纳入会计研究的范围，缺乏对企业环境资源、环境责任和环境费用的计量，缺乏对企业取得的环境收益或损失的确认。传统会计没有把企业视为与环境共生的经济体，没有认识到经济运转和自然环境循环是紧密联系在一起的。认为经济循环从企业从环境中取得资源开始，到企业实现其产品，取得经济收益结束。忽视了环境对企业的影响和企业对环境的影响，忽视了环境自身的物质补偿过程和企业环境中取得资源造成的企业对环境的补偿责任。具体而言，没有将环境资源确认为资产，没有将企业应承担的环保责任确认为负债，没有将环境资本确认为所有者权益，没有确认环境收入和费用以及环境利润。导致上述问题的原因是，传统会计认为没有凝结人类一般劳动的环境资源是没有价值的，不必对之进行确认和计量。应当看到，环境资源具有社会产品具有的有效用性和稀缺性，应当并可能对其进行确认和计量。environmental accounting environmental Recalling the development of environmental accounting and have more than two decades of history, can be seen in the natural environment, environmental accounting is severely damaged, a serious deterioration of the ecological environment, the material basis of economic development against the backdrop of threats to people in the traditional analysis of accounting theory and methods On the basis of the The deterioration of environmental conditions on the economic activities of the main new In the production and life of mankind, made from natural resources will have a life of the production and discharge of waste into the With the economic development and population growth, from the nature of human resources to achieve more and more, at the same time released into the nature of the waste more and more, exceeding the tolerance of the natural world, leading to ecological damage, environmental pollution, such as a Series of environmental At present, all countries in the world there are different levels of environmental pollution and ecological damage, environmental problems also led to a common global environmental In the face of increasingly serious environmental problems, raised the importance of environmental issues, around the world to seek cooperation to address environmental issues of international In 1987, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development put forward a strategy of sustainable development as a national guidance on Environment and Development, the common practice of the The so-called sustainable development means not only meets the needs of the people, not to future generations to meet their own needs the ability to pose a hazard model of development and its essence is to limit the adjustment of human activities, especially economic activities in the economic and social development In solving environmental problems, so that the economic and social development in the establishment of environmental resources to bear on the basis of, and to its full and lasting development in order to satisfy current and future China's 20 years of reform and opening to promote the economic development of the national economy and rapid growth has created tremendous material wealth, the people's living standard has improved greatly, but on the strength of resource development is too large, causing environmental pollution, soil erosion, reduction of arable land , To increase the speed of resource depletion, a large number of endangered species such as the 98-year flood to a certain extent is due to the destruction of vegetation along the river, caused serious soil In recent years, China's government increased the legal system of environmental protection and investment, has achieved some results, but there is a total lack of inputs, inefficiency and poor economic In total, the Environmental Protection developed into an average of 1% of GNP accounted for -2%, China accounted for only 7 percent, and as a result of China's environmental history, more debt, the total investment is even more In terms of effectiveness, as a result of over-exploitation of environmental resources and a waste of a lack of effective supervision and control at this stage only from a legal and administrative supervision of the destruction of the environment control, and no sound system of quantitative indicators of the enterprises Responsibility for environmental and economic benefits linked to the protection of the environment into a business conscious Environmental protection enterprises have not as a corporate survival and development of a necessary condition, not as an environmental protection enterprises to expand market share, an important means to enhance economic efficiency, environmental protection that are not practical technical inputs and the return of the more active P In order to enhance environmental protection input-output, improving the effectiveness of environmental protection to ensure sustainable development of human society, the means of accounting for the use of environmental resources and environmental responsibility and control measures, the study of specialized accounting system is Enterprises to adapt to environmental requirements, the only way to increase economic To achieve long-term business survival and development of a stable, we must foster the idea to adapt to the environment, social environment for enterprises to survive and develop on the basis of the system, and the natural environment is the existence and development of enterprises on the basis of the The traditional view: companies must adapt to the social environment as much as possible, to seek the best investment environment, financial environment, the market environment and policy environment in order to achieve stability and development of long-term From the point of view of sustainable development: the survival and development of enterprises need to obtain resources from the natural environment, but also will continue to discharge waste into the environment, if companies do not have a sustained and stable environment as a material foundation, To achieve harmony with the natural environment, Symbiotic, enterprises and the steady development of long-term survival can only be empty In real life, people's awareness of environmental protection, growing more and more requests to provide more green products, companies based on their own economic interests, should also enhance environmental awareness, increasing environmental protection input and reduce energy consumption, environmental protection, investment and Refinement The output measures, measures to achieve environmental resources, has the responsibility for environmental protection and environmental costs, to obtain recognition of the environmental gains or Only in this way can a comprehensive measure of the effectiveness of business conditions, corporate objectives to provide a true and reliable Limitations of the traditional accounting model Traditional accounting with the goal of accounting for economic activities and supervision of accounting, business management for the provision of financial information, assessment and accountability, so as to maximize economic The traditional emphasis on accounting from the human point of view of economic activity, focusing on the development and utilization of natural resources, not the economic environment into the accounting of the scope, accounting for the performance of inadequate disclosure and accounting of the cycle is not complete Traditional accounting does not brought about by the economic environment into the accounting of the scope, lack of resources in the enterprise environment, environmental responsibility and environmental costs of the measures, lack of access to the corporate environment or loss of revenue Not the traditional accounting business environment, Symbiotic and as the economy has not recognized the functioning of the economic cycle and the natural environment are closely That the economic cycle from the corporate environment to obtain resources from the beginning to achieve its business products, to obtain the end of the economic Ignoring the environmental impact of corporate and business impact on the environment, environmental neglect their own material and the process of compensation and business environment to obtain resources of the corporate environmental In particular, there is no environmental resources will be recognized as assets, not companies should bear the responsibility for environmental protection recognized as liabilities, not the environment identified as the owner's equity capital, there is no confirmation of income and the cost of the environment and environmental These led to the cause of the problem is that traditional accounting in general do not think there is condensation of human labor, environmental resources is of no value, no need for the confirmed and It should be noted that the community has the resources and the environment with the products and effective use of scarce, it should be and could be identified and

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会计学毕业论文参考文献一:　　[1]胡敏基于阿米巴经营理念的财务成本管控分析[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(20):119-　　[2]谢建厂大数据视角下财务会计向管理会计转型的策略分析[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(20):120-　　[3]贾晓佳新政府会计制度对高校财务工作的影响探析[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(20):122-　　[4]贾红艳,杨书想营改增后增值税税率调整对建筑业税负影响及应对措施探讨[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(20):124-　　[5]张玉莹我国注册会计师审计责任问题探讨[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(20):147-　　[6]赵霖昊会计事务所行政处罚机制对审计质量影响综述[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):178-　　[7]薛晨冉,王帆海信电器股份有限公司收益质量研究[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(19):7-　　[8]谭欣制造业企业竞争战略与成本粘性研究--基于市场化程度的调节作用[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(19):53-　　[9]姚华建论人工智能时代财务会计向管理会计的转型[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(19):95-　　[10]李晓珊大数据时代高校财务管理探析[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(19):104-　　[11]熊巧战略差异、成本粘性与企业研发投入探讨[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(19):115-　　[12]黄淑珍商业银行内部控制失效研究--以浦发银行为例[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(19):120-　　[13]王清君论新《政府会计制度》对公立医院财务管理的影响[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(19):183-　　[14]刘志辉我国建筑企业融资方式探析[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):11-　　[15]崔学贤,岳洋研发投入对企业财务绩效的影响研究--以长春长生科技有限责任公司为例[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):107-　　[16]邓欣"放管服"背景下高校科研预算管理改革探析[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):119-　　[17]陈永霞奶牛生产性生物资产的会计计量探究[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):138-　　[18]张倩从长春长生生物疫苗案看企业会计诚信问题[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):159-　　[19]闫文婧,颜苏莉股利政策及其影响因素分析--以西昌电力为例[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):161-　　[20]曹诗萌注册会计师法律责任问题研究[J]现代商贸工业,2019,40(21):172-　　[21]沈炎方我国乡镇政府内部控制问题与改进研究[D]浙江工商大学,　　[22]董浩不同动因下杠杆收购模式及目标企业绩效[D]浙江工商大学,　　[23]唐剑波高校预算支出标准体系构建研究[J]智库时代,2019(25):27+　　[24]范卫东论大数据时代财务会计如何向管理会计转型[J]智库时代,2019(25):51+　　[25]王丽制造业全面预算管理存在的问题及对策探讨[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):44-　　[26]周琼完善事业单位预算编制及管理的相关研究[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):46-　　[27]王晓杰行政事业单位内部控制存在的问题与对策探讨[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):52-　　[28]张永秀县级基层单位会计成本管理中的激励问题探讨[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):57-　　[29]龙媛浅析黄金珠宝加工行业成本管理及控制策略[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):58-　　[30]吴杨公路工程企业内部控制问题研究[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):60-　　[31]杨洁钢铁企业盈利能力分析--以安阳钢铁股份有限公司为例[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):79-　　[32]姜玉华"营改增"后建筑施工单位纳税筹划分析[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):100-　　[33]施心怡股权激励对公司绩效影响研究--以哈药股份为例[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):118-　　[34]韦望梅行政事业单位会计核算存在的问题及对策[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):141-　　[35]刘霞事业单位会计集中核算模式研究[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):146-　　[36]韩雪雁关于加强行政事业单位固定资产管理的思考[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):149-　　[37]袁小根高速公路施工企业成本费用内部会计控制措施[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):151-　　[38]张艳红关于深圳邮政企业资金管理存在的问题及对策浅析[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):152-　　[39]杜晨光浅析制药企业资金管理存在的问题及对策[J]中国集体经济,2019(18):154-　　[40]徐玉德,俞盛新,徐菲菲国有企业管理会计应用变迁及展望[J]会计之友,2019(12):12-　　会计学毕业论文参考文献二:　　[41]冷继波,杨舒惠"互联网+"背景下业财融合管理会计框架研究[J]会计之友,2019(12):19-　　[42]唐建纲二元结构理念下政府税务会计的嵌入与应用[J]会计之友,2019(12):46-　　[43]黄云梅,唐敏,尹佳佳基于模糊层次分析的工业企业经济效益评价[J]重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版),2019,36(03):29-　　[44]黄延霞基于主成分分析的电商企业物流成本核算[J/OL]商业经济研究,2019(11):95-97[2019-06-19]　　[45]苏宝金,雷光美,赵琦玮,张巍,胡嘉宸,蒋雨政管理会计在企业经营决策中的应用研究[J]科技经济市场,2019(04):34-　　[46]马航航管理会计在企业管理中的应用[J]科技经济市场,2019(04):36-　　[47]李优电子商务类上市公司财务状况统计分析[J]科技经济市场,2019(04):46-　　[48]唐建纲二元结构理念下政府税务会计的嵌入与应用[J/OL]会计之友,2019(12):46-51[2019-06-19]　　[49]赵政,张敏公平关切下总承包项目收益分配策略分析[J/OL]会计之友,2019(12):94-99[2019-06-19]　　[50]杨士英,王薛新销售模式下的收入确认问题研究[J/OL]会计之友,2019(12):139-143[2019-06-19]　　[51]刘红梅制造业小微企业财务问题研究[J]中国市场,2019(16):71-　　[52]王刚浅谈火力发电企业环保成本的控制措施[J]中国市场,2019(16):95-　　[53]王培加强企业会计诚信建设的问题研究[J]中国市场,2019(16):98-　　[54]张淑君公立中学执行政府会计制度的思考[J]中国市场,2019(16):163-　　[55]王元元论制造业企业工程项目的预算控制[J]中国市场,2019(17):91-　　[56]谭金卉关于行政事业单位部门决算管理的思考[J]中国市场,2019(17):110-　　[57]欧阳剑宇电力工程监理预算与成本控制管理[J]中国市场,2019(17):118+　　[58]袁彬论医疗行业系统财务精细化管理实现途径[J]中国市场,2019(17):119-　　[59]邵芳增值税改革下建筑施工企业纳税筹划探析[J]中国市场,2019(17):138-　　[60]范文红提高医院餐饮成本核算的路径探究[J]中国市场,2019(17):142-　　[61]王卓事业单位内控财务体系考评的问题探析[J]中国市场,2019(17):144-　　[62]王艺斐,王亚璐绩效评价视角下村级财务代理记账问题探析[J]中国市场,2019(17):147-148+　　[63]李俊霞事业单位报账会计的财务管理工作核心研究[J]中国市场,2019(17):149-　　[64]刘斌新财务会计制度对医院会计核算的影响[J]中国市场,2019(17):155+　　[65]方东移动互联网金融支付模式下电商企业财务风险的探讨[J]中国市场,2019(17):185-　　[66]唐黎大数据背景下政府部门财务风险控制研究[J]中国市场,2019(17):191-　　[67]生华,范若楠,安嘉琪,唐浩越论营改增对建筑业会计核算的影响[J]智库时代,2019(24):33-　　[68]孟杰会计制度改革对政府预算审计的影响分析[J]中国市场,2019(18):53+　　[69]胡倩倩环境会计研究综述[J]合作经济与科技,2019(12):160-　　[70]孙月我国环境会计未来发展及推进措施[J]合作经济与科技,2019(12):162-　　[71]畅蓓高校财务报销难成因及对策[J]合作经济与科技,2019(12):190-　　[72]彭亚文建筑企业PPP项目财务管理探讨[J]中国市场,2019(18):41-　　[73]万会萍中小金融企业财务管理存在的问题及对策[J]中国市场,2019(18):45-　　[74]林佳樱汽车租赁公司全面预算管理研究[J]中国市场,2019(18):58-　　[75]李保祥浅谈制造业企业资金管理[J]中国市场,2019(18):60-　　[76]陈慧新能源企业全面预算管理研究[J]中国市场,2019(18):64-　　[77]姜雅利酒店业成本管控问题及对策[J]中国市场,2019(18):66-　　[78]赵玉棠中小学预算管理问题研究[J]中国市场,2019(18):108-　　[79]金英男浅谈事业单位会计核算存在的问题与对策[J]中国市场,2019(18):145-　　[80]王晓婷行政事业单位财务内控制度存在的问题及对策[J]中国市场,2019(18):151-　　(学术堂提供更多论文知识)

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