首页 > 学术论文知识库 > 红字论文国内外参考文献

红字论文国内外参考文献

发布时间:

红字论文国内外参考文献

在写论文时国内外同类课题研究水平概述:

选题在该领域的水平和发展动态: 众所周知,旅游业在现代经济的发展过程中起着举足轻重的作用,随着经济的快速发展,人们的生活水平的提高,越来越多的人选择去旅游放松心情,陶冶情操,增加见闻,旅游业已成为全球经济中发展势头最强劲和规模最大的产业之一。

旅游业随之也带动了其产业的发展,产生了很多的经济效益,中国的旅游业在改革开放30年以来,保持了健康、持续、快速的发展态势,领各行业之先,国内积极参与全球和区域合作,全面建设小康社会,也给旅游业的发展带来了重要的机遇,我国在旅游领域里面迈入了世界旅游大国的行列。

有力地推动了我国服务业总体规模的扩大和整体质量的提升,成为我国服务业发展的重要因素,但是在旅游业的发展过程中也会产生很多的问题,所以在很多问题需要解决的情况下,专家学者了解旅游业的现状和存在的问题,提出了一系列的措施和解决方案。

很多的周刊杂志也发表了关于该选题的文章,现在这是一个热点问题,受到了很多人的关注,目前国内外的学者在这方面的实验研究已取得了诸多可借鉴的成果,实际研究取得了很多成绩,国内现在对旅游业的可持续发展主要研究的有旅游业可持续发展与环境保护的关系。

我国旅游业可持续发展与环境保护方面存在的问题和正确处理旅游业可持续发展与环境保护的对策选择,这方面的研究还需要进一步的深入和完善,要跟着旅游业的发展而日趋合理化。

近年来研究成果呈明显增势,各种学术论文、著作不断涌现,从公开发表的形式来看,主要有两大类: 旅游、地理、历史和其他相关报刊、杂志(以学报为主)上刊登的有关旅游可持续发展研究的论文,这种类型的研究成果最多。

[1] Schubert : Leland Hawthorne[M] , The Artist University of North Carolina Press , 1944 [2] Turner, Arlin: Nathaniel Hawthorne [M] . Barnes & Nobel, Inc. ,1961 [3]Gerber, John C. ed. , Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter:A Collection of Critical Essays[M] .New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. ,1968 . [4] Bercovtiti,Sacvan.The Office of The Starlet Letter[M].Baltimore London:The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1991. [5]Todd , Robert The Magna Mater Archetype in the“The Scarlet Letter”[J ]New England Quarterly 45

正确引用参考文献的格式!

1.学术期刊文献

[序号]作者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起-止页码

2.学术著作

[序号]作者.书名[M].版次(首次免注).翻译者.出版地:出版社, 出版年: 起-止页码

3.有ISBN号的论文集

[序号]作者.题名[A].主编.论文集名[C].出版地:出版社,出版年:起-止页码

4.学位论文

[序号]作者.题名[D].保存地:保存单位,年份

5.专利文献

[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别:专利号,发布日期

6.技术标准

[序号]标准代号,标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,出版年

7.报纸文章

[序号]作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)

8.报告

[序号]作者.文献题名[R].报告地:报告会主办单位,年份

9.电子文献

[序号]作者.电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型].文献网址或出处,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选)

引用的参考文献应具备哪些条件

被引用的参考文献主要有以下几种:

1、是关于具体的实验的方法;

2、是支持性或者有冲突的证据;

3、是比较有用的类似的文献;

4、是有历史背景的和有意义的文献;

5、引用文献要新:在某种程度上体现了文章的先进性;

6、引用高质量文献:在一定程度上反映了该文章学术水平的高低,从总体上体现了该文章的科掌性、实用性和先进性。

7、提高自引文献量:作者自引是指作者引用了自己以前发表的文章作参考文献,期刊自引是指该期刊引用了该刊以前发表的文献。

8、引用文献要全:参考文献一定要全面,尽可能全面地引用态伏毁国内外相关研究成果。

9、多引期刊文献,少引书籍文献。

红字的国内外研究论文

The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, is an American novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and is generally considered to be his magnum opus. Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who gives birth after committing adultery, refuses to name the father, and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne explores questions of grace, legalism, sin and guilt.[edit] Plot summaryThe Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal Scarlet Letter. Painting by T. H. Matteson. This 1860 oil-on-canvas was made under Hawthorne's personal supervision.[1]The novel begins in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts, then a Puritan settlement. A young woman, Hester Prynne, is led from the town prison with her infant daughter in her arms and the scarlet letter “A” on her bosom. The scarlet letter "A" represents the act of adultery that she has committed and it is to be a symbol of her sin – a badge of shame – for all to see. A man in the crowd tells an elderly onlooker that Hester is being punished for adultery. Hester's husband, who is much older than she is, sent her ahead to America while he settled some affairs in Europe. However, her husband never arrived in Boston. The consensus is that he has been lost at sea. While waiting for her husband, Hester has apparently had an affair, as she has given birth to a child. She will not reveal her lover’s identity, however, and the scarlet letter, along with her public shaming, is her punishment for her sin and her secrecy. On this day Hester is led to the town scaffold and harangued by the town fathers, but she again refuses to identify her child’s father.[1]The elderly onlooker is Hester’s missing husband, who is now practicing medicine and calling himself Roger Chillingworth. He settles in Boston, intent on revenge. He reveals his true identity to no one but Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. Several years pass. Hester supports herself by working as a seamstress, and Pearl (her daughter) grows into a willful, impish child, who is more of a symbol than an actual character, said to be the scarlet letter come to life as both Hester's love and her punishment. Shunned by the community, they live in a small cottage on the outskirts of Boston. Community officials attempt to take Pearl away from Hester, but, with the help of Arthur Dimmesdale, an eloquent minister, the mother and daughter manage to stay together. Dimmesdale, however, appears to be wasting away and suffers from mysterious heart trouble, seemingly caused by psychological distress. Chillingworth attaches himself to the ailing minister and eventually moves in with him so that he can provide his patient with round-the-clock care. Chillingworth also suspects that there may be a connection between the minister’s torments and Hester’s secret, and he begins to test Dimmesdale to see what he can learn. One afternoon, while the minister sleeps, Chillingworth discovers something undescribed to the reader, supposedly an "A" burned into Dimmesdale's chest, which convinces him that his suspicions are correct.[1]Dimmesdale’s psychological anguish deepens, and he invents new tortures for himself. In the meantime, Hester’s charitable deeds and quiet humility have earned her a reprieve from the scorn of the community. One night, when Pearl is about seven years old, she and her mother are returning home from a visit to the deathbed of John Winthrop when they encounter Dimmesdale atop the town scaffold, trying to punish himself for his sins. Hester and Pearl join him, and the three link hands. Dimmesdale refuses Pearl’s request that he acknowledge her publicly the next day, and a meteor marks a dull red “A” in the night sky. It is interpreted by the townsfolk to mean Angel, as a prominent figure in the community had died that night, but Dimmesdale sees it as meaning Adultery. Hester can see that the minister’s condition is worsening, and she resolves to intervene. She goes to Chillingworth and asks him to stop adding to Dimmesdale’s self-torment. Chillingworth refuses. She suggests that she may reveal his identity to Dimmesdale.[1]Hester arranges an encounter with Dimmesdale in the forest because she is aware that Chillingworth knows that she plans to reveal his identity to Dimmesdale, and she wishes to protect him. While walking through the forest, the sun will not shine on Hester, though Pearl can bask in it. They then wait for Dimmesdale, and he arrives. The former lovers decide to flee to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family. They will take a ship sailing from Boston in four days. Both feel a sense of release, and Hester removes her scarlet letter and lets down her hair. The sun immediately breaks through the clouds and trees to illuminate her release and joy. Pearl, playing nearby, does not recognize her mother without the letter. She is unnerved and expels a shriek until her mother points out the letter on the ground. Hester beckons Pearl to come to her, but Pearl will not go to her mother until Hester buttons the letter back onto her dress. Pearl then goes to her mother. Dimmesdale gives Pearl a kiss on the forehead, which Pearl immediately tries to wash off in the brook, because he again refuses to make known publicly their relationship. However, he too clearly feels a release from the pretense of his former life, and the laws and sins he has lived day before the ship is to sail, the townspeople gather for a holiday and Dimmesdale preaches his most eloquent sermon ever. Meanwhile, Hester has learned that Chillingworth knows of their plan and has booked passage on the same ship. Dimmesdale, leaving the church after his sermon, sees Hester and Pearl standing before the town scaffold. He impulsively mounts the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the mark supposedly seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead just after Pearl kisses him.[1]Frustrated in his revenge, Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows what has happened to them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She receives occasional letters from Pearl, who was rumored to have married an European aristocrat and established a family of her own. Pearl also inherits all of Chillingworth's money even though he knows she is not his daughter. There is a sense of liberation in her and the townspeople, especially the women, who had finally begun to forgive Hester of her tragic indiscretion. When Hester dies, she is buried in "a new grave near an old and sunken one, in that burial ground beside which King's Chapel has since been built. It was near that old and sunken grave, yet with a space between, as if the dust of the two sleepers had no right to mingle. Yet one tombstone served for both." The tombstone was decorated with a letter "A", and it was used for Hester and Dimmesdale.[edit] Major themesNathaniel HawthorneNathaniel Hawthorne[edit] SinSin and knowledge are linked in the Judeo-Christian tradition. The Bible begins with the story of Adam and Eve, who were expelled from the Garden of Eden for eating from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. As a result of their knowledge, Adam and Eve are made aware of their disobedience, that which separates them from the divine and from other creatures. Once expelled from the Garden of Eden, they are forced to toil and to procreate – two “labors” that seem to define the human condition. The experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge – specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be human. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as “her passport into regions where other women dared not tread,” leading her to “speculate” about her society and herself more “boldly” than anyone else in New England.[2]As for Dimmesdale, the “cheating minister” of his sin gives him “sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his heart vibrate[s] in unison with theirs.” His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[2] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity. He ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister is his own deceiver, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[3]The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it – as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be – is held out in part as an invitation to find “some sweet moral blossom” in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that “the deep heart of nature” (perhaps God) may look more kindly on the errant Hester and her child (the roses among the weeds) than do her Puritan neighbors. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[4]Chillingworth’s misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the evil in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart.[4]Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom. [2] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Both are studies in the same direction, though from different standpoints. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.[edit] Past and presentThe clashing of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be “the soul and spirit of New England hardihood.” Now put out to pasture, he sometimes presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with “no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities,” who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[4]Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as “dim and dusky,” “grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned,” “bitter persecutors” whose “better deeds” would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne’s disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors’ disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. “A writer of story books!” But even as he disagrees with his ancestor’s viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a “sense of place” in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel.[4][edit] Public responseThe Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850 by Ticknor & Fields, beginning Hawthorne's most lucrative period.[5] When he delivered the final pages to James Thomas Fields in February 1850, Hawthorne said that "some portions of the book are powerfully written" but doubted it would be popular.[6] In fact, the book was an instant best-seller[7] though, over fourteen years, it brought its author only $1,500.[5] Its initial publication brought wide protest from natives of Salem, who did not approve of how Hawthorne had depicted them in his introduction "The Custom-House". A 2,500-copy second edition of The Scarlet Letter included a preface by Hawthorne dated March 30, 1850, that he had decided to reprint his introduction "without the change of a word... The only remarkable features of the sketch are its frank and genuine good-humor... As to enmity, or ill-feeling of any kind, personal or political, he utterly disclaims such motives".[8]The book's immediate and lasting success are due to the way it addresses spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American standpoint. In 1850, adultery was an extremely risqué subject, but because Hawthorne had the support of the New England literary establishment, it passed easily into the realm of appropriate reading. It has been said that this work represents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; dense with terse descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.[9]The Scarlet Letter was also one of the first mass-produced books in America. Into the mid-nineteenth century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, 2,500 volumes, sold out within ten days,[5] and was widely read and discussed to an extent not much experienced in the young country up until that time. Copies of the first edition are often sought by collectors as rare books, and may fetch up to around $6,000 its publication, critic Evert Augustus Duyckinck, a friend of Hawthorne, said he preferred the author's Washington Irving-like tales. Another friend, critic Edwin Percy Whipple, objected to the novel's "morbid intensity" with dense psychological details, writing that the book "is therefore apt to become, like Hawthorne, too painfully anatomical in his exhibition of them".[10] 20th century writer D. H. Lawrence said that there could be no more perfect work of the American imagination than The Scarlet Letter.[11][edit] Allusions* Anne Hutchinson, mentioned in Chapter 1, The Prison Door, was a religious dissenter (1591-1643). In the 1630s she was excommunicated by the Puritans and exiled from Boston and moved to Rhode Island.[4]* Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a leader of the Protestant Reformation in Germany.* Sir Thomas Overbury and Dr. Forman were the subjects of an adultery scandal in 1615 in England. Dr. Forman was charged with trying to poison his adulterous wife and her lover. Overbury was a friend of the lover and was perhaps poisoned.* John Winthrop (1588-1649), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.* Richard Dawkins' Out Campaign is represented with the Scarlet Letter A emblem.[edit] Film, TV and theatrical adaptationsMain article: Film Adaptations of the Scarlet Letter1995 film poster1995 film poster* 1917: A black-and-white silent film directed by Carl Harbaugh with Mary G. Martin as Hester Prynne* 1926: A silent movie directed by Victor Sjostrom and starring Lillian Gish and Lars Hanson.* 1934: film directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Colleen Moore* 1973: Der Scharlachrote Buchstabe a film directed by Wim Wenders in German* 1979: PBS version starring Meg Foster and John Heard* 1994: A rock musical, "The Scarlet Letter" written by Mark Governor is produced in Los Angeles.* 1995: The Scarlet Letter, a film directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore as Hester and Gary Oldman as Arthur Dimmesdale. This version is "freely adapted" from Hawthorne according to the opening credits and takes liberties with the original story.* 1996: The film Primal Fear references The Scarlet Letter.* 1996: The Marilyn Manson promotional video for the song 'Man That You Fear' obliquely references the novel.* The Red Letter Plays (In The Blood produced in 1999, and F--ing A, produced in 2000) by playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, rewrote the story placing it in contemporary New York and Houston.* 2001: A musical stage adaptation which premiered at the Fringe Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland, by Stacey Mancine, Daniel Koloski, and Simon Gray.* 2004: The Scarlet Letter is a Korean noir-thriller featuring an adulteress' monologue, that mentions a plan to raise her unborn child as Pearl in America, in a desperate plea to exit her obsessive affair.* 2008: "shAme"[1], a rock opera by Mark Governor based on "The Scarlet Letter" premieres in Los Angeles. It is a major reworking of his 1994 stage musical that was also produced in Boston in 2000 and as a radio production in Berlin in 2005. The 2000 version was endorsed and presented by the Nathaniel Hawthorne Society.[edit] References to the novelLists of miscellaneous information should be avoided. Please relocate any relevant information into appropriate sections or articles. (September 2008)[edit] Literature* The 1993 novel The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee re-wrote the story, placing it in present-day Boston, Colonial America, and seventeenth-century India during the spread of the British East India Company.* Deborah Noyes wrote a companion to this novel entitled Angel and Apostle with Pearl as the main character.* Postmodern writer Kathy Acker borrows from The Scarlet Letter in her novel Blood and Guts in High School. Janie, the main character, identifies with Hester Prynne and intertwines their stories in a vulgar manner.* In the novel Speak, Hairwoman, the English teacher, refers to The Scarlet Letter in her lesson. The novel's protagonist, Melinda Sordino, is a freshman in high school who is ostracized from her fellow schoolmates during the school year, much as Hester Prynne was ostracized by the Puritans in Boston.* Maryse Condé's novel I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, although set at the time of the Salem witch trials, also features the character Hester Prynne.* The title of Jhumpa Lahiri's 2008 novel Unaccustomed Earth comes from a passage from the introduction to The Scarlet Letter: "Human nature will not flourish, any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil. My children have had other birthplaces, and, so far as their fortunes may be within my control, shall strike their roots into unaccustomed earth."[edit] CultureRichard Dawkins's Out Campaign for atheism uses a red scarlet "A" on webpages and clothing as an emblem of atheist identification. [12]Tennessee has drivers convicted of DUI wear vests advertising this fact while on roadside litter pick-up duty. This is a badge of shame similar to the original scarlet letter.

红字》的象征意义关键词:红字 象征主义 中国论文 职称论文摘要:分析了《红字》中红字“A”丰富而深刻的内涵,指出作者通过塑造“小珠儿”的形象,增强了美与丑,善与恶的对比,寄托了作者对爱的绝对自由的向往。关键词:红字;A Pearl;象征主义纳萨内尼·霍桑是浪漫主义时期美国最具天赋的小说家。他开创了美国文学史上“象征浪漫主义”的创作手法。作为生活在19世纪中期的浪漫主义作家,霍桑深受清教意识、超验哲学和神秘主义三种思想的影响,他对社会充满了怀疑,使得他的作品具有强烈的象征主义倾向。长篇小说《红字》是霍桑的代表作,作品以一通奸案为题材,通过描述小说人物的思想矛盾和生活遭遇来揭露黑暗的社会。霍桑在《红字》中艺术技巧独具匠心,特别是广泛地运用象征手法,像变魔术一样给予平凡的单词以不平凡的意义,给人以深刻的启示。《红字》中使用的象征手法有其深刻的思想根源和美学理论基础,体现了霍桑对“生命力受到压抑”的切肤之痛。鲁迅曾经指出“生命受到压抑而生的苦闷懊恼是文学的根底,而其表现手法乃是广义的象征主义”。霍桑的代表作《红字》正是在继承传统象征意义的艺术手法的基础上,开创了象征主义的新篇章。作为小说名字的“红字”贯穿于故事的全过程,并带有不同的象征含义,具有多义性和不确定性。随着故事情节的发展,红字“A”的内涵发生了由Adulteress到Able再到Angle的变化。这种象征的多义性和不确定性正是作者思想矛盾的反映,同时,作者一方面控诉清教对人性的摧残和压抑;另一方面又认同清教的道德观和教义。《红字》以17世纪北美清教殖民统治下的新英格兰为背景,取材于1642—1649年在波士顿发生的一个恋爱悲剧。故事一开始的场景发生在该镇监狱的门前,而这个场景的主角是海丝特·白兰,一个年轻、美丽的女人,她怀里抱着3个月大的女婴———珠儿,站在刑台上,等待政教合一的加尔文教(即清教)政权在大庭广众面前宣布对她的判决。那么,受审的女罪犯是什么人?她又犯了什么罪?故事开始于几年前,出身英国破落贵族家庭的白兰嫁给了一个畸形的年老学者。婚后,两人决定移居波士顿。途径荷兰时,丈夫因有事留下,妻子先独自来到波士顿,一住近两年。期间丈夫毫无音信。据传他在赶来的途中被印第安人俘虏,生死不明。在独居生活中,海丝特与当地牧师阿瑟·丁梅斯代尔相爱,生下了一个女婴。显然,她犯下了基督教“十戒”中的“一戒”,即通奸罪,为清教的教义所不容。她被投入监狱,法庭判她有罪,令她在刑台上站立三个小时当众受辱,并终身佩带一个红色的字母A(英文通奸Adultery的第一个字母)作为惩戒。但是作者霍桑赋予了在刑台上的“A”更深层的含义。对于压抑人民和毒害人民思想的清教而言,红字“A”为通奸的标记,事实上“A”不仅是海丝特深爱着的恋人Arthur Dimmesdale名字的第一个字母,也是法语中爱情Amour这个词的第一个字母。从字里行间中,读者可以品味出作者霍桑同情海丝特对爱的追求,甚至认为那是人的纯真本性,笔下洋溢出对海丝特的赞美之词:“斯特胸前红色的“A”字之精美仿佛不是屈辱的标志,而是艺术饰品。这个红色的“A”字是用细红布做的,四周用金色的丝线精心刺绣而成,手工奇巧。对于这个“A”字,霍桑设计的独具匠心,包含了丰富而华美的想象,配在她穿的那件衣服上真成了一件美丽的装饰品”。文中的描写给读者的感觉是海丝特仿佛不是一个“犯下无耻罪行的犯人”,而是一个怀抱圣婴的美丽端庄的妇人。随着故事的发展,霍桑不断地赋予了红字“A”更多更深层的含义。海斯特是一个向往纯真爱情,渴望幸福的女人。虽然她无法摆脱强加在她身体上的耻辱,但是她的内心深处的感情却激情澎湃,无法遏制。为了维持生计,她为别人刺绣。她的绣工巧夺天工,精妙绝伦。她精心地绣制各种美丽的“A”字。除了维持生计,海丝特别无所求,把寄托着她的青春,激情和才气的绣品换来的钱施舍给比她幸运的穷苦百姓。尽管她乐善好施,但是海丝特仍然没有摆脱精神的痛苦和世俗的磨难。但她始终没有消沉,反而变得坚强而成熟,依然反抗着清教并坚信着对丁梅斯代尔的爱情。时间是最好的证明,渐渐地她胸前所佩戴的红色字母“A”在众人的心中有了另一番含义:“没有人能够像她那样乐善好施,那样喜欢接济贫困者”;“那刺绣的红字闪射出非凡的光芒,给人以慰藉。在别的地方他是罪恶的标志,但在病房里却成为蜡烛。”虽然还有那些“执着的清教徒”认为海丝特的红字是耻辱的象征,但是更多善良的人们拒绝再用原来的意思解释“A”,他们说那个字的意思应该解释为“能干”(able)的意思。她以自己的美德赢得了人们的尊重和敬爱,她无尽的同情心和勇于献身的精神产生了巨大的力量,在众人眼中,红字“A”反而具有了天使的内涵———纯洁,美丽,善良,博爱。通过作者对红色字母“A”的驾驭,我们可以看出霍桑对主人公海丝特热情、善良、坚强、勇敢的天性的赞美。于此同时,我们也可以看出作者的另一个写作意图,通过美与丑,善与恶的对比,霍桑对清教徒的卑劣行径刻画的入木三分,痛斥得酣畅淋漓。“清教徒倡导勤俭、反对奢靡,无疑是净化社会的一剂良药,但是标榜禁欲,让世人过苦行僧般的生活,多少有些泯灭人性之嫌”。而主人公海丝特正是祭奠清教徒狂热宗教信仰的无辜羔羊。通过“A”的不断变化,作者为我们揭示了当时社会的真实图景。如果说红字A在清教徒的眼中是通奸的代表,那么赋予了象征意义的红字A就象征着善良、美好、坚强和勤劳。如果说小珠儿是永不磨灭的活着的红字的话,那么赋予了象征意义的小珠儿就象征着纯真的爱情、这个时代的曙光。Pearl(小珠儿)是这部小说中唯一的一个阳光人物,她像珍珠一样纯洁,像天使一样善良快乐。在四个主要人物中,只有小珠儿在道德上是完美没有残缺的,她象征着人性中最无暇的一面。小珠儿的出现并非是作者的心血来潮,读者从对海丝特女儿名字的设计上就可以体会到。她是海丝特和丁梅斯代尔的女儿。Pearl这个词来源于圣经,意思是“十分珍贵的东西”。在圣经中记载,上帝让一个商人卖掉所有的财产去买一颗珍珠,并告诉他这颗珍珠即是他的天堂。海丝特为这段爱情付出了沉重的代价,可以说女儿在她心中占据绝对重要的位置,是她的天堂。同时,霍桑在小珠儿情节上的设计也是恰到好处,独具匠心。小珠儿既是海丝特爱情的象征,同时也是她耻辱的象征,是活着的红字。作者总是会有意无意地描写小珠儿对红字近乎天生的热爱:小珠儿出生时第一眼看到的就是母亲胸前灿烂的红字A.而且小珠儿十分的喜欢,伸手去抓,“眼里总是含着奇怪的表情与特殊的微笑”。正是珠儿的存在才时刻提醒着海丝特和丁梅斯代尔他们曾经犯下的“罪行”,督促他们净化自己的灵魂改过自新。正是因为小珠儿的存在才使丁梅斯代尔有勇气在公众面前承认自己的“罪行”。可以说,小珠儿寄托了作者对美好生活,纯真爱情,和追求善良无暇的人性的向往。是作者的希望所在,也是社会的希望所在。总而言之,正是由于霍桑在《红字》中独具匠心的象征手法的运用,使《红字》成为美国第一部象征主义小说,也正是因为霍桑在《红字》中象征手法的成功运用,成就了《红字》在文学领域的重要地位。参考文献[1]常耀信.美国文学简史[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2003.[2]任晓晋,魏玲.红字中象征与原型的 模糊性、多义性和矛盾性[J].外国文学研究,2000,(1):121-125.[3]於奇.新编美国文学选读[M].郑州大学出版社,2005[4]田俊武.霍桑红字人名寓意研究[J].外国文学研究,1999,(1):52-54.[5]胡尚田.论红字中的红字[J].四川外语学院学报,1999,(4):45-48.[6]约翰·罗尔斯.正义论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, study of sym bolic m ean ingsof The Scarlet L etterZHANG W en-si(Fudan U n iversity,S hangha i 200433,Ch ina)Abstract:The author gives many rich and p rofoundmeanings of the scarlet letter A to contract beauty w ithugliness besides kindness and reposes too much hope by molding the im age words:“the scarlet letter”;A Pearl;symbolism

,红字象征主义国内外研究现状红字象征主义研究的现状可以从国内外两个方面来考察。国内方面,红字象征主义研究的成果较少,只有少数学者对其进行了深入研究。目前,红字象征主义研究的热度也比较低,大多数学者倾向于把精力放在其他文学研究上,而忽视了红字象征主义的研究。国外方面,红字象征主义的研究发展较为成熟,其研究成果也较为丰富。目前,许多西方学者都在研究红字象征主义,他们将其看作是一种独特的文学形式,深入研究其在文学创作中的作用和意义。此外,许多学者也把红字象征主义与政治、历史等诸多因素联系起来

论文写国内外参考文献

需要提供检索页就是知网可以检索到论文的那个网址(有摘要的那一页),里面有姓名,文章题目,摘要,参考文献等,也可以把这一页打印出来。

论文索引情况按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为:[编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。

扩展资料

根据省人事厅《关于调整专业技术资格条件论文发表刊物等级划分规定通知》粤人发(2005)300号文精神,著作论文要求,可简单概括为:

申报高级:要在具有CN刊号、ISSN刊号的专业期刊发表论文2-3篇或在具有CN刊号的专业期刊发表论文1篇以上,以及解决复杂技术问题而撰写的有较高水平的专项技术分析(论证)报告2篇以上。

申报中级:要在具有CN刊号、ISSN刊号的专业期刊发表论文1篇或在具有CN刊号,以及解决技术问题而撰写的专项技术分析(论证)报告1篇以上。

1.连续出版物的格式 标引项顺序号 作者.题名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码. (外名可缩写,缩写后首字母大写,并省略缩写点) 2.专著的著录格式 标引项顺序号 作者.书名[M].版本(第一版不标注).出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码. 3.论文集的著录格式 标引项顺序号 作者.题名[C].见(英文用In):主编.论文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码. 4.学位论文的著录格式 标引项顺序号 作者.题名[D].保存地点:保存单位,年份. 5.专利的著录格式 标引项顺序号 专利申请者.题名[P].国别 专利文专利号,发布日期. 6.技术标准的著录格式 标引项顺序号 起草责任者.标准代号 标准顺序号—发布年 标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,出版年. 7.报告 标引项顺序号 报告人.题名[R].会议名称,会址,年份.

正确引用参考文献的格式!

1.学术期刊文献

[序号]作者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起-止页码

2.学术著作

[序号]作者.书名[M].版次(首次免注).翻译者.出版地:出版社, 出版年: 起-止页码

3.有ISBN号的论文集

[序号]作者.题名[A].主编.论文集名[C].出版地:出版社,出版年:起-止页码

4.学位论文

[序号]作者.题名[D].保存地:保存单位,年份

5.专利文献

[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别:专利号,发布日期

6.技术标准

[序号]标准代号,标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,出版年

7.报纸文章

[序号]作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)

8.报告

[序号]作者.文献题名[R].报告地:报告会主办单位,年份

9.电子文献

[序号]作者.电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型].文献网址或出处,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选)

引用的参考文献应具备哪些条件

被引用的参考文献主要有以下几种:

1、是关于具体的实验的方法;

2、是支持性或者有冲突的证据;

3、是比较有用的类似的文献;

4、是有历史背景的和有意义的文献;

5、引用文献要新:在某种程度上体现了文章的先进性;

6、引用高质量文献:在一定程度上反映了该文章学术水平的高低,从总体上体现了该文章的科掌性、实用性和先进性。

7、提高自引文献量:作者自引是指作者引用了自己以前发表的文章作参考文献,期刊自引是指该期刊引用了该刊以前发表的文献。

8、引用文献要全:参考文献一定要全面,尽可能全面地引用态伏毁国内外相关研究成果。

9、多引期刊文献,少引书籍文献。

参考文献是一篇论文必不可少的组成部分,正确引用参考文献能体现论文的科学性和严谨性,更能彰显作者承认和尊重他人研究成果及著作权的科学态度与学术品质。但是在撰写论文时,经常会有引用不当的情况,这种行为属于学术不端。

一、属于学术不不端的引用方式

1、匿引

论文中引用了他人的学术观点、数据、材料、结构等而不如实、规范地标注出处,则有缺乏严肃认真的科学态度或学术修养的嫌疑。

匿引主要表现在三个方面:

①论文的主要内容为剽窃或抄袭之物,文中列出的几篇参考文献是为了遮人耳目;

②作者为了证明自己的某一观点和理论的新颖性和独创性,故意不把引用的有关他人的重要论点和核心思想的参考文献列出;

③作者为了回避论文中某些观点的矛盾而故意隐匿有关文献。

2、滥引

作者故意把一些与论文主题关系不大或无关的文献作为参考文献,以装饰门面的行为。

3、崇引

作者为了某些需要(如抬高自己论文的地位和学术水平,或论文易于发表)而故意引用或仅引用名人或名刊资料的行为。

4、诱引

为了某种目的,诱导或迫使作者在论文中引用特定或某一范围内文献的行为。

诱引有期刊编辑部诱引和审稿人诱引之分,这一点一般是发生在打算投稿发表的论文上。

5、转引

作者没有亲自查阅某些原始文献,而直接从其他参考文献表中转录这些文献的行为。转引反映了作者对科研的敷衍态度和对文献引用的不负责任,是一种学术偷懒行为。著录参考文献时,应只限于作者亲自查阅和引用的原始文献,不应该转引。

6、曲引

根据自己论点的需要,对他人观点断章取义,进行不公正的引用或歪曲性评价的行为。

伪造、歪曲他人观点的行为,不仅直接造成引文误差,而且违反了《著作权法》中“保护作品不受歪曲、篡改的权利”的规定,是一种严重的学术不端行为。

二、正确引用参考文献的格式

1.学术期刊文献

[序号]作者.文献题名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起-止页码

2.学术著作

[序号]作者.书名[M].版次(首次免注).翻译者.出版地:出版社, 出版年: 起-止页码

3.有ISBN号的论文集

[序号]作者.题名[A].主编.论文集名[C].出版地:出版社,出版年:起-止页码

4.学位论文

[序号]作者.题名[D].保存地:保存单位,年份

5.专利文献

[序号]专利所有者.专利题名[P].专利国别:专利号,发布日期

6.技术标准

[序号]标准代号,标准名称[S].出版地:出版者,出版年

7.报纸文章

[序号]作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)

8.报告

[序号]作者.文献题名[R].报告地:报告会主办单位,年份

9.电子文献

[序号]作者.电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型].文献网址或出处,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选)

三、引用的参考文献应具备哪些条件

被引用的参考文献主要有以下几种:

1、是关于具体的实验的方法;

2、是支持性或者有冲突的证据;

3、是比较有用的类似的文献;

4、是有历史背景的和有意义的文献;

5、引用文献要新:在某种程度上体现了文章的先进性;

6、引用高质量文献:在一定程度上反映了该文章学术水平的高低,从总体上体现了该文章的科掌性、实用性和先进性。

7、提高自引文献量:作者自引是指作者引用了自己以前发表的文章作参考文献,期刊自引是指该期刊引用了该刊以前发表的文献。

8、引用文献要全:参考文献一定要全面,尽可能全面地引用国内外相关研究成果。

9、多引期刊文献,少引书籍文献。

四、引用参考文献提醒

1、不能在不使用引号及给出完整出处的情况下,一字不漏地使用别人的文字。

2、至于重新编辑或重新叙述别人的著作中的文字,并将修改过的文字以自己的作品方式呈现,也是抄袭。

3、不管你使用原著观点时是否将文字进行了修改,把别人的观点当成是自己的观点来呈现,一样是属于抄袭现象。

论文外国文献参考内容

外文参考文献的写法

在学习和工作的日常里,大家都不可避免地会接触到论文吧,论文可以推广经验,交流认识。你写论文时总是无从下笔?下面是我帮大家整理的外文参考文献的写法论文,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。不同的参考文献,引用和标注的格式要求是不一样的,特别是对于英文参考文献来说,格式不对,很容易影响整篇论文的质量和查重率,下面是我整理的外文参考文献的写法,欢迎大家阅览。

单一作者著作的书籍:

姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社.

Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.

两位作者以上合著的书籍:

姓,名字首字母., & 姓,名字首字母.(年). 书名(斜体). 出版社所在城市:出版社. Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press. 文集中的文章:

Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books. 期刊中的文章(非连续页码):

Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.

期刊中的文章(连续页码):

姓,名字首字母.(年). 题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.

Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

月刊杂志中的文章:

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

[1] Andrea H. Creating ‘buzz’:opportunities and limitations of social media for arts institutions and their viral marketing, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing,2012; 17(3), 173-182.

[2] Andreas M. K,Michael hearts in three-quarter time: How to waltz the social media/viral marketing horizons,2011,54(3),253-263.

[3] Angela D.,David T.. Controlled infection! Spreading the brand message through viral marketing. Business Horizons. 2005,3(48).143-149,

[4] Bowman D.,Narayandas D.. Managing customerinitiated contacts with manufacturers: The impact on share of category requirements and word-of-mouth behavior Journal of Marketing Research, 2001,38(3),281-297.

[5] Brown J. J., Reingen P. H.. Social ties and word-of-mouth referral behavior. The Journal of Consumer Research, 1987,14(3),350—362,

[6] Carmen C. Social and attitudinal determinants of viral marketing dynamics. Computers in Human Behavior,2011,27(6),2292-2300.

[7] Douglas Virus. New York;Ballantine Books,1994,3-16.

[8] Ennew C.,Banerjee A.. Li D..Managing Word of mouth communication: empirical Journal of Bank Marketing, 2000,18(2).75-83.

[9] Goldenberg J.,Libai B., Muller E.. Talk of the network: A complex systems look at the underlying process of word-of-mouth. Marketing Letters, 2001, 3(12).211-223.

[10] Hinz, 01iver, Strategies for Viral Marketing: An Empirical Comparison. Journal of Marketing,2011,75(6),55-72,

[11] Ho Jason ., marketing: Motivations to forward online of Business Research?2010,63(9-10), 1000-1006.

[12] Hoedemaekers, marketing and imaginary ethics, or the joke that goes too far. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society,2011,16(2),162-178.

[13] Jinshuang L.. Scalable Influence Maximization in Social Networks Using theCommunity Discovery Algorithm. Genetic and Evolutionary Computing(1CGEC), 2012 Sixth International Conference (25),284-287.

[14] Judith C. Dina M.. The effect of word of mouth on sales: Online book of Marketing . 43(3).345-356.

[15] Jure L, Lada A. A, Bernardo A. H. The dynamics of viral marketing. In ACMconference on Electronic Commerce,2006,pages 228-237.

[16] Joseph E. ,Regina L..Viral Marketing or Electronic Word-of-Mouth Advertising:Examining Consumer Responses and Motivations to Pass Along Email. Journalof Advertising Research,2004,12(44),333-348.

[17] Lucy H..Viral Marketing: Share index is measure of a viral's success,MarketingWeek,2010,5(4),24-32.

[18] M. J. S"Game Plan For Viral Marketing. Meetings and Conventions,2010,45(6),41-53.

[19] Malcolm G. The Tipping Point. New York: Little,Brown and Company,2000,5-20.

[20] Mani R. S.,Balaji R. Knowledge-sharing and influence in online social networksvia viral marketing. Communications of the ACM, 2003,46(12),300—307.

[21] Matt art of buzz; Viral marketing agency knows how to get a lot ofattention. National Post,2011,FP4.

[22] McConnell, Michael.'Viral' marketing's power - and time ,2011,80(6),5-20.

[23] Michalski, Radoslaw J.. Negative Effects of Incentivised Viral Campaigns for Activity in Social Networks. Cloud and Green Computing(CGC).2012,11(1-3),391-398.

[24] Palka, word-of-mouth - A grounded theory of mobile viralmarketing. Information Technology Journal,(2), 172-185.

[25] Pandit S.,Yang Y..Maximizing Information Spread through Influence Structuresin Social Networks. Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on. 2012,12(10),258-265.

[26] Raei H. A New Algorithm for Positive Influence Dominating Set in SocialNetworks. Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (AS ON AM), 2012IEEE/ACM International Conference (26),253-257.

[27] Ralph . The Six Simple Principles of Viral Marketing. 2005-02-01.

[28] Scott, David M. The New Rules of Marketing and PR: How to Use NewsReleases, Blogs, Podcasting,Viral Marketing and Online Media to Reach BuyersDirectly, John Wiley &

[29] Sabrina H. Viral marketing-establishing customer relationships by 'word-of-mouse'. Electronic Markets,2000,10(3),158-161.

[30] Shapiro,Michael J.. Building Buzz:How Viral Marketing Promotes and Conventions,201045(6).36-42.

[31] Watts D., Peretti J.. Viral marketing for the Real Word. Harvard BusinessReview,2007,10(1),22-23.

[32] Wonyeol L.. CT-IC: Continuously Activated and Time-Restricted Independent Cascade Model for Viral Marketing. Data Mining (ICDM),2012 IEEE 12thInternational Conference on. 2012,12(10),960-965.

一、论文正文引用之处用圆括号作夹注,基本格式为“(作者,发表年份)”,同时将该引文详细信息列明在参考文献内。夹注中包含多篇文献时,各作者之间用分号隔开。

二、参考文献类型以字母方式标识:期刊J,专著M,报纸N,学位论文D,论文集C,报告R,标准S,专利P,数据库DB,计算机程序CP,电子公告EB。

三、电子文献的载体类型采用双字母表示:磁带MT,磁盘DK,光盘CD,联机网络OL。以纸张为载体的传统文献在引用时不必注明其载体类型。

四、参考文献列于文末,以“参考文献:”作为标志,先中文后外文,中文按照拼音前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列;英文按单词前若干字母在字母表中的顺序排列。参考文献请标明序号,用数字加方括号表示,如“[1][2][3]”。

五、对于文献有多位作者的`,只标明前三位作者,以“,”分隔,从第四位开始用“等”或者“et al.”代替。

六、外文参考文献格式与中文参考文献相同,标题的首字母及各个实词的首字母大写。

七、各类参考文献条目的具体编排格式及示例如下:

1.期刊:

[序号]作者.文章标题[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.

[1]刘明辉,张宜霞.内部控制的经济学思考[J].会计研究,2002,(8):51-53.

[1] KANAMORI H.Shaking without Quaking[J].Science,2002,15(1):12-17.

2.专著:

[序号]著者.书名[M].出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.

[2]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1996:15-18.

[2]JONES R M. Mechanics of Composite Materials[M].New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1975.

3.报纸:

[序号]作者.文章标题[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).

[3]陈毓圭.修订完善审计准则 保持持续全面国际趋同[N].上海证券报,2010-9-20(10).

[3]GUO Ai-bing. Auto Show Revs up Customers' Desire[N].China Daily,2002-06-07(1).

4.学位论文:

[序号]作者.文章标题[D].地点:单位,年.

[4]朱刚.新型流体有限元法及叶轮机械正反混合问题[D].北京:清华大学,1996.

[4]Sun Study of Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics in Ground Effect[D].Princeton:Princeton University,1983.

5.论文集析出文献:

[序号]作者.文章标题[C]//编者.文集名.出版地:出版者,出版年:起止页码.

[5]张佑才.繁荣会计理论研究促进会计事业发展[C]//中国会计学会.1996年会计学论文集.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1997:537-548.

[5]Hunninghaks G W,Gadek J B,Szapiel S V,et al.The Human Alveolar Macrophage[C]//Harris C C.Cultured Human Cells and Issues in Biomedical Research.New York:Academic Press,1980:54-56.

6.电子文献:

对于非纸张型载体的电子文献,当被引用为参考文献时需在参考文献类型标志中同时标明其载体类型[文献类型标志/载体类型标志],如“[J/OL]”。对于载体为“OL”的文献,还应标明发表或更新日期(加圆括号,有出版年的文献可不选此项)、引用日期和网址。

[序号]作者.文章标题[文献类型标志/载体类型标志].(发表或更新日期)[引用日期].网址.

[6]王军.振奋精神 潜心研究 大力推进会计理论研究的繁荣与发展[R/OL].(2005-01-08)[2006-11-12]. .

[6]CHRISTINE M. Plant Physiology: Plant Biology in the Genome Era[J/OL].Science(S0036-8075),1998,281:331-332[1998-09-23].

在论文的写作过程中,法学论文的参考文献引用应当实事求是、科学合理,不可以为了凑数随便引用。下文是我为大家整理的关于法学论文参考文献外文的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考! 法学论文外文参考文献(一) [1]范愉.司法制度概论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003:23. [2]付子堂.法律功能论W].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1999:252. [3]罗斯.社会控制[M].北京:华夏出版社,1989,:353. [4]王利明.法治的社会需要司法公正[M].北京:法制出版社,2005. [5]程竹汝.司法改革与政治发展[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001:5. [6]张晋藩.中国法律的传统和近代转型[M].北京:法律出版社,2006. [7]董必武.董必武政治法律文集[M]北京:法院出版社,1982. [8]罗.庞德.通过法律的社会控制、法律的任务[M]北京:商务印书馆,1984:8-9. [9]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神[M]北京:商务印书馆,1982:154. [10]庞德.通过法律的社会控制、法律的任务[M]北京:商务印书馆,1984:42. [11]孙万胜.司法权的法理之维[M]北京:法律出版社,2002:134. [12]苏力.送法下乡一中国基层司法制度研究[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000:200. [13]范偷.纠纷解决的理论与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007:547-555. [14]田有成.乡土社会的民间法[M].北京:法律出版社,2005:4. [15]顾培东.构建和谐社会背景下的纠纷解决之道[M].北京:中国政法大学,2004:1. 法学论文外文参考文献(二) 1.沈跃东:《乡镇人民政府环境保护职权的法规范分》,《法治研究》2012年第3期。 2.徐亚文:《口述历史与法律》,《中共青岛市委党校.青岛行政学院学报》2012年第1期。 3.陈瑞华:《从 经验 到理论的法学 方法 》,《法学研究 》2011年第6期。 4.薛以胜:《法学研究方法初探》,《科技信息》2011年第3期。 5.崔二玲:《浅析法律方法》,《法制与社会》2011年第1期。 6.罗旭南:《法学方法多样化在中国法律史教学中的适用》,《海南大学学报》(文社会科学版)2011年第4期。 7.刘颖:《法学方法与法律方法的耦合》,《中南林业科技大学学报》(社会科学版)2011年第4期。 8.李云海:《中国法学研究方法浅》,《经济研究导刊》2011年第31期。 9.谢晖:《论规范分析方法》,《中国法学》2009年第2期。 10.冀海虹:《司法过程中法学方法之解读——以价值分析法为核心》,《山东省农业管理干部学院学报》2009年第2期。 11.王丽霞:《<法学方法论>与法学方法 教育 》,《山西大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2008年第4期。 12.冯 果:《法解释学等传统法学方法——未来中国经济法学的主流研究方法》,《重庆大学学报》(社会科学版) 2008年第5期。 13.刘连泰:《分析实证主义法学方法在宪法研究中的局限性——以“分离命题”为中心》,《厦门大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2008年第1期。 14.张传新:《法律方法的普遍智力品格及其限度——从法律方法与法学方法称谓争论谈起》,《求是学刊》2008年第5期。 15.魏治勋:《“规范分析”概念的分析》,《法学论坛》2008年第5期。 法学论文外文参考文献(三) [1]王名扬:《英国行政法》,中国政法大学出版社1987年版. [2]黎宏:《不作为犯研究》,武汉大学出版社1997年版. [3]马生安:《行政行为研究—宪政下的行政行为基本理论》,山东人民出版社2008年版. [4]罗豪才主编:《中国司法审查制度》,北京大学出版社1993年版. [5]张文显:《法哲学范畴研究》,中国政法大学出版社2001年版. [6]陈新民:《公法学札记》,法律出版社2010年版. [7]陆伟明:《服务行政法论》,中国政法大学出版社2012年版. [8]周叶中:《代议制度比较研究》,武汉大学出版社2005年版. [9]袁裕来:《特别代理:民告官手记Ⅷ》,中国检察出版社2012年版. [10]张文显主编:《法理学》,高等教育出版社、北京大学出版社1999年版. [11]应松年主编:《外国行政程序法汇编》,中国法制出版社2004年版. [12]王利明:《侵权行为法归责原则研究》,中国政法大学出版社2003年版. [13]张明楷:《刑法格言的展开》,法律出版社2003年版. [14]梁津明、郭春明、郭庆珠、魏建新:《行政不作为之行政法律责任探究》,中国检察出版社2011年版. [15]王振宇:《行政诉讼制度研究》,中国人民大学出版社2012年版. 法学论文外文参考文献(四) [1]任丁秋.私人银行业与资产管理---瑞士范例[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000. [2]邢毓静,巴曙松.经济全球化与中国金融运行[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2000. [3]倪受彬.国有商业银行资本信托运营法律问题研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2008. [4]盛学军.全球化背景下的金融监管法律问题研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2008. [5]中国人民银行金融稳定分析小组.中国金融稳定 报告 2012[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2012. [6]连建辉,孙焕民.走近私人银行[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006. [7]李春满.私人银行业务[M].吉林:吉林大学出版社,2008. [8]曹彤,张秋林.中国私人银行[M].北京:中信出版社,2010. [9]李开国,张玉敏.中国民法学[M].北京:法律出版社,2002. [10]徐保满.金融信托与租赁[M].北京:科学出版社,2007. [11]孟建华.洗钱与银行机构反洗钱[M].福州:福建人民出版社,2006. [12]卓泽渊.法律价值论[M].北京:法律出版社,1999. [13][英]莫德.全球私人银行业务管理[M].刘立达译,北京:经济科学出版社,2007. [14]王征宇,于江等编著.美国的个人征信局及其服务[M].北京:中国方正出版社,2003. [15]丁邦开,何俊坤等.社会信用法律制度[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2006. 法学论文外文参考文献(五) [1]陈卫东主编《模范刑事诉讼法典》,中国人民大学出版社2005年9月第1版 [2]张月满着《刑事证人证言规则》中国检察出版社2004年第一版 [3]《法国刑事诉讼法典》译者:罗结珍,中国法制出版社2006年1月第1版 [4]孙孝福《刑事诉讼人权保障的运行机制研究》法律出版社,2001年6月版 [5]田圣斌着《刑事诉讼人权保障制度研究》法律出版社2008年1月第1版 [6]宋英辉孙长永刘新魁等着《外国刑事诉讼法》法律出版社2006年1月第1版 [7]刘根菊等着《刑事司法创新论》,北京大学出版社2006年3月版 [8]陈永生:《刑事诉讼的程序性制裁》,《现代法学》2004年第1期 [9]孙晶:《亲属作证特免权研究》,吉林大学2008年硕士学位论文 [10]张新宝《隐私权的法律保护第二版》群众出版社2004年5月版 [11][德]尧厄尼希着,周翠译,《民事诉讼法:第27版》法律出版社2003年7月第1版 [12]程海霞:《刑事诉讼中的证人作证特免权制度研究》,安徽大学2006年硕士学位论文 [13]中国抗日战争史学会、中国人民抗日战争纪念馆编着(宋金寿主编):《抗战时期的陕甘宁边区》,北京出版社1995年版. [14]厦门大学法律系编着:《中华苏维埃共和国法律文件选编》,江西人民出版社1984年版. [15]韩延龙、常兆儒编着:《中国新民主主义革命时期根据地法制文献选编》(第3卷),中国社会科学出版社1981年版. 猜你喜欢: 1. 法学毕业论文参考文献 2. 法学论文参考文献 3. 法学本科毕业论文参考文献 4. 法学论文的参考文献 5. 法律本科毕业论文的参考文献

国外室内设计论文参考文献

1、室内设计·思维与方法

著书作者:郑曙旸 主编

评价评分:「施工人员的一部很好的工作、学习指导用书」 推荐度★ ★ ★ ★ ★,清晰度★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

内容介绍:这是一部建立在丰富的实践经验基础之上的室内设计基础理论研究著作。它以深入浅出的论述方法和生动的说明性实例,系统地阐述了室内设计如何正确地运用创作思维和进行设计。

2、 设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师

著书作者:〔美〕伊莱恩.格里芬 著

评价评分:「你必须必须看的一本书,纠正你错误的居住观念」推荐度★ ★ ★ ★ ★,清晰度★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

内容介绍:这本书讲到了许多思维方式、习惯,不断挑战你的许多既定的错误认知。 她分享了专业设计师在设计每个房间时用到的设计准则、测量方法、协调比例以及硬道理,这些秘密是在实践过程中很难获知的。

3、 住宅设计解剖书

著书作者: 〔日〕增田奏 著

评价评分: 「了解空间与功能的关系,纠正你错误的思路」 推荐度★ ★ ★ ★ ★,清晰度★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

内容介绍: 你的新家能不能很舒服?这取决于它是不是根据你的生活方式而设计的。 这本图文并茂的书,可以让你超级轻松的理解家中每一个空间的价值、功能和使用要点。它就像一本「小儿书」,却充满了智慧和经验,而且非常细致亲民。

4、 室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册

著书作者:艾莉斯·芭珂丽

评价评分:「让心情化作调色的灵感之源」 推荐度★ ★ ★ ★ ★,清晰度★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

内容介绍:艾莉斯·芭珂丽,对色彩的感觉很敏锐。在英国柴郡,她作为一名富有创造力的专业顾问和室内设计师而闻名。本书为协调色列举了大量配色方梨,并分为几大类,这本实用手册为你呈上200种经典配色,一定会让你灵感源源而来。

5、 装修而已--教你玩史上最创意的小户型设计

著书作者:乾图公司主编

评价评分:「为受困于高房价的青年同胞解忧排难」 推荐度★ ★ ★ ★ ★,清晰度★ ★ ★ ★ ☆

内容介绍:时下,越来越多的年轻人被高房价“逼”进了几十平米的小户型。面对如此狭小的空间,如何装修便成为了首席难题:如何最大限度利用空间使得空间显得宽敞?如何在迷你空间彰显个性和品位?央视《交换空间》栏目也多次对他们的设计作品进行了摄制推荐! 书中结合大量精彩实景照片为您破解小户型装修之道。

室内设计毕业论文参考文献一:

[1]杨淘,王曌一.基于环境心理学的学习空间室内设计[J].设计,2018(01):132-133.

[2]邱海东,符红柳.格式塔意向下的设计创意--以室内设计思维与装饰材料运用为例[J].设计,2018(01):139-141.

[3]黄晟.基于互联网背景下的室内设计的课堂创新与教学反思[J].江西建材,2018(03):208+211.

[4]王葵.室内设计教学观念的转变及教学思维创新[J].江西建材,2018(03):229+233.

[5]赵倩红.基于工作过程系统化的住宅室内设计课程改革实践[J].天津职业院校联合学报,2017(12):92-96.

[6]梁童,赵培,胡凯,尤明曦.室内覆盖网络智能设计审核平台研发与应用[J].电信工程技术与标准化,2018(01):14-19.

[7]陈媛媛.论现代中式风格室内设计中漆艺的运用[J].山西建筑,2018(01):213-214.

[8]高翌崴.对新中式的研究与新中式在室内设计中的应用[J].建材与装饰,2018(01):96-97.

[9]王佩.浅析室内设计中的绿色环保设计[J].建材与装饰,2018(01):113.

[10]刘青蓝.试论建筑室内设计中灯光与色彩的搭配运用[J].建材与装饰,2018(01):115.

1、设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师[美] 伊莱恩·格里芬

设计师伊莱恩•格里芬帮你、教你如何让自己的家变得更具风格、温馨怡人,让你的房屋住起来更舒适、看起来更美观。

伊莱恩知道设计一间梦幻房间最激动人心的时刻就是能够说:“这都是我自己设计的!”伊莱恩在这本书中,与我们分享了专业设计师在设计每个房间时用到的设计准则、测量方法、协调比例以及硬道理。这些都是设计的秘密技巧,可以让你的房间外观更加专业,随时都能被拍下来登到杂志上。

2、设计与对话:127位室内设计师访谈录

《设计与对话——127位室内设计师访谈录》是一个开放的舞台,在这个舞台上很多设计师可以展示自己的才华和设计理念,她又仿佛是一个设计师的大聚会,在这本书里汇聚了全球设计师对于室内设计的理解以及他们的设计作品。

3、艺术的故事[英]Sir. Ernst Gombrich

《艺术的故事》概括地叙述了从最早的洞窟绘画到当今的实验艺术的发展历程,以阐明艺术史是“各种传统不断迂回、不断改变的历史,每一件作品在这历史中都既回顾过去又导向未来。

4、室内设计资料集LEED Reference Guide for Interior Design and Construction

关于LEED项目从注册到认证与LEED绿色室内设计和施工的参考指南LEED绿色室内设计和施工的参考指南是最全面的设计、商业和机构内部的建设和改造项目的指导书。

5、住宅设计解剖书[中]增田奏

《住宅设计解剖书》清楚扼要地介绍了各种住宅设计知识,范围涵盖门廊、玄关、楼梯、门、客厅、餐厅、厨房、卧房、收纳、厕所、浴室、阁楼、墙壁与开口、隔热、通风、隔音、停车空间、动线等,一书在手,就可吸取专业人士的经验与智慧。

室内设计参考文献

导语:室内设计的参考文献有哪些呢?随着社会经济的发展,人们越来越重视室内的设计。下面是我分享的室内设计的参考文献,欢迎阅读!

[1] 张鹏翔.室内环境设计审美分析[J].作家,2013(12):303-304

[2] 张迪 . 室内环境设计中的美学价值与理念 [J]. 吉林省教育学院学报 ( 下旬 ) ,2014(3):149-150

[3] 王枫.雕塑环境艺术[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2003:5-7

[4] 张晨.西格蒙德弗洛伊德文明思想探析[J].职大学报,2012(4):60-62

[5] 陈小于.西方现代绘画艺术[M].科学出版社,2012:80-81.

[6] 孙振华.资源与拓展--近三十年中国雕塑的发展脉络[J].文艺研究,2009(1):111-119

[7] 朱毅.论木雕在室内环境中的运用及装饰性[D].中南林业科技大学硕士学位论文,2008.

[8] 姜涛.景观环境中雕塑艺术应用实践研究[D].西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文,2009.

[9] 汪倩.建筑艺术与雕塑艺术相互认同性研究[D].中央美术学院硕士学位论文,2010.

[10]王强.公共景观设计中的.雕塑应用--景观雕塑的融合性探讨[D].山西大学硕士学位论文,2013.

[11]李新华.岭南传统建筑装饰雕塑艺术的美学特征[J].河南教育学院学报(哲学社会科学版), 2005(4):65-68

[12]黄光武 . 雕塑艺术与博物馆陈列设计创新的思考 [J]. 中国高新技术企业,2008(2):125-126

[13]吴小刚.论现代园林景观与雕塑艺术的融合[J].中南林业科技大学学报(社会科学版),2010(8):58-60

[14]周长积,周雅,傅娜.我国建筑室内环境设计的现状与发展[J].山东建筑大学学报,2011(12):603-606

[15]梁杰亮.建筑室内环境设计的现状及发展趋势[J].技术与市场,2013(9):146-147

[16]赵彤,孔超.影响雕塑和壁画艺术与公共空间关系的要素[J].现代装饰(理论),2014(1):142

[17]楼庆西.乡土建筑装饰艺术[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2006:113

[18]孔维杰.装饰雕塑与环境设计[J].青年文学家,2011(2):101-103

[19]房志勇,林川.住宅室内设计精要:室内设计图集[M].北京:中国建材出版社,1997:97、

[20]陈丹青 . 以专业的业余感生存 -- 我眼中的蔡国强 [J].21 世纪商业评论,2010(11):117-119

[1] 雅煊. 我国21世纪室内设计发展探述 我国室内设计发展现状[J]. 中国建设信息, 2001,(03)

[2] 安心平. 室内设计风格及模式之我见[J]. 山东省农业管理干部学院学报, 2002,(04)

[3] 修田. 美日室内设计管理制度(下)[J]. 中外房地产导报, 2001,(20)

[4] 乔治 S·瓦库伯, 卡萝尔·金·马修斯, 王粤■. 现实与挑战:20世纪末的室内设计[J]. 室内设计与装修, 1998,(01)

[5] 卜芳芳. 室内设计的灵魂--人物空间的合理协调[J]. 当代建设, 2001,(01)

[6] 瞿瑛. 小议室内设计[J]. 国际市场, 1995,(06)

[7] 本刊记者. “室内设计”与“室内装饰”大展八月即将在京隆重登场[J]. 国际木业, 2006,(06)

[8] 任文东. 思考WTO与中国室内设计业[J]. 室内设计与装修, 2000,(03)

[9] 曾坚, 劳智权, 陈涛, 马健民, 贾绍铭, 张青萍, 钱江帆, 董孝伦, 吴家骅, 唐葆亨, 杨文嘉, 李书才, 史庆堂. 走向二十一世纪的室内设计工作室[J]. 室内设计与装修, 1996,(01)

[10] 黎志涛. 任重道远--从参加室内设计、装饰工程评标所想到的[J]. 室内设计与装修, 1999,(06

[1] 许林. 谈现代室内设计中的中式风格[J]. 甘肃农业, 2005,(11) .

[2] 仲晓凯. 浅析室内设计中的中国传统元素[J]. 江西科技师范学院学报, 2007,(04) .

[3] 潘振寰. 中式风格室内设计初探[J]. 室内设计, 2004,(03) .

[4] 陈祖建. 现代"中式"室内风格[J]. 室内设计, 2003,(04) .

[5] 张怀强. 居室设计中的中国元素[J]. 东方艺术, 2005,(12) .

[6] 冯颀军. 浅谈室内装饰设计中的中式元素和传统意境表达[J]. 美术大观, 2007,(12) .

[7] 周玉明. 室内设计市场现状与现代中式设计构思[J]. 商场现代化, 2007,(24) .

[8] 白志刚. 室内设计中的中国元素[J]. 艺术教育, 2006,(03) .

[9] 王鹏. 精神上的中式风格[J]. Women of China(中文海外版), 2003,(04) .

  • 索引序列
  • 红字论文国内外参考文献
  • 红字的国内外研究论文
  • 论文写国内外参考文献
  • 论文外国文献参考内容
  • 国外室内设计论文参考文献
  • 返回顶部