《汤姆叔叔的小屋》，美国抗战女作家：哈利特·比彻·斯托夫人的出名作。。毕业论文开题报告不用那么慌张的，开题报告答辩就是说一下自己选题的目的、总结下前人的研究综述、选题的价值就可以了。 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是美国重要的废奴小说和早期女性主义文学的代表作。其中黑奴遭受的虐待惨不忍睹,除此之外,斯托夫人还刻画了另一个弱势群体白人妇女,她们和黑人妇女一样都是父权压迫的受害者。本文通过分析小说中的四位典型白人女性形象,揭示了她们遭遇的不平等待遇及其面对奴隶制的软弱性和妥协性。
英语论文开题报告范文参考
下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.
2 Outline
Development and major concepts of DTS
In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
Methodolgy
I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
DTS in contrast to other theories
A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
Case study
In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
Conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
附录1- 引文范例
“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)
附录2- 参考文献范例
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.
Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.
你是写本科论文吗？用英文写四五千字够了吧。开题报告就写你打算怎么开展论文就可以了，论文只要四五千字的话，开题就只要几百字足以，加上参考材料。第一部可以介绍英语标题，再罗列一些特点，比如简洁，用词新颖大胆，押韵，幽默等等。还可以再介绍一下造成这些特点的原因，从历史，经济，文化等角度。然后再列举一些标题产生歧义的例子，所产生的影响。举例的方式最好以历史发展进行推进。比如1930s，1950s,1990s以及现如21世纪。最后一部分就总结一下历史对标题的影响。这篇论文好写，就看你怎么举例了。最好能找到影响力大，具有代表性的。
论文开题报告基本要素
各部分撰写内容
论文标题应该简洁，且能让读者对论文所研究的主题一目了然。
摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：
目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。
这部分应该从宏观的角度来解释研究背景，缩小研究问题的范围，适当列出相关的参考文献。
这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。
这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。
第三遍读《简爱》——从女性主义的角度来看简爱的形象算是第三遍读《简爱》，这个故事，任何稍微读过点书的女生都对这个故事熟悉并且津津乐道。我曾经极度认真的把其中的那句：“你以为我贫穷，卑微，不美，你就以为我没有灵魂没有心了吗......”郑重其事的抄在一个本子的首页，我今天看到这段话还会想起当初的认真态度，简单执挠的认为自己的重要。我的一个同学喜欢《简爱》，她有《简爱》的不同三个译本，她说，女人就应该活得想简爱那样，并且想着要找一个像罗切斯特那样的男人。我当初对于简爱的喜爱就跟这个同学的推荐不无关系。之所以认为她是一部好的小说，并且也认为：我们就应该像简爱那样生活。毕竟，在这个世界上，有钱的姑娘肯定不是多数，漂亮美丽的也只是那么多姑娘中的一部分，有财有貌又有才的更是少之又少，所以，我们都是简爱那样平凡的姑娘，所以我们都应该像简爱。当时，我像模像样的买了《简爱》的书，把它包的整整齐齐的来看。隔了多年来看，我想，《简爱》，也就是一本简单的小说和一个不现实的童话式的爱情故事。它过于完满和过于天真。其中，她教会女生怎么学会幻想，却难得自省，虽然，它多么的在强调着作为一个女性，她应该如何保持自我和尊严。《简爱》是这样一个故事，穷苦人家父母双亡的女孩子，被送给舅妈家养大，然而得不到一点爱，然后被送到一个教会学校长大，然后到一个有钱人家当家庭教师，爱上古堡的男主人，并且爱情的到成全，有了完满的结果。在十九世纪，女性写作开始展露头角。而在之前，女性的写作基本上是缺席的。在世界文坛上，只有少数的女性有简单的诗歌或者是一些书信体的作品流世。十九世纪，勃朗特三姐妹，简.奥斯丁等等一批女性作家开始用小说体写作。女性写作进入了一个全新的时期。然而这个时候，女性的写作仍然处于一个极低的不被承认的地位，《简爱》最初也是用一个男性化名发表的。这个时候，女性主义开始兴起，越来越多的女性开始参与到这个潮流中，为女性的地位寻求得到同男性一样的地位。而《简爱》也从不同的角度被人用女性主义来解读。今天，我也从女性主义的一个方面来看《简爱》。与女性主义：这本产生于女性主义前期的小说被认为带有明显的女性主义的特征，女作者，女主角，其中女性形象不再是有男性创作出来符合男性要求的理想的欲望体，而是女性自己创造的在争取着自由独立精神的女性。这部作品中的女主角，简爱，是一个具有独立思考，争取自由和平等的女人，特别是爱的平等。她反映了女性的自我意识的觉醒，女性开始在谋求自身的幸福，把自己当成自己的主体，不再是附属于男权的一个形象。但是当我们用女性主义来分析的时候，我们可以有这些发现：从简的性格表现来说，她有许多令人不舒服的地方，简爱的形象，是一个理想的女性形象，她仍然是按照男性对于女性的需求形象来塑造的。而这个故事的结局，更是大大的削减了其中为止争取的平等。这部作品，不论是从女性主义的立场还是从小说的精神境界来说，是一部难得使女性自省的作品，它并没有着眼于社会对女性的现实的不平等和女性自身的现实来描写。她写的，不过是一个处处需要维护自身尊严和小心翼翼的女性。拥有严重的自卑和自恋情节。女性情节明显，即是把女性塑造得完美纯洁，符合社会对完美女性的要求，并且，给小说中的女性一个完整而完美的结局。其中的女性她有着诸多的美德和才华，有爱，有情，是你不得不爱的形象。女性主义对女性自身的要求和社会的要求是要正视女性自身的现实情况和要求社会给女性同男性一样的地位，并且女性的形象应该成为自己的欲望主体，而不再是男性的欲望客体。是按女性自身的需求来塑造人物，而不是按照男性的要求来塑造人物。但是书中的简爱，显然符合任何一个男性对女性的要求，虽然她书中一直强调的是，她不美平凡矮小，但这些都被掩盖在她完美的性格之下，她从小在不光明的环境中长大，舅妈家的冷漠和无情，寄宿学校的严苛环境，使她长成一个坚韧的小妇人形象，自尊，坚强，气度不凡，她懂得别人的需要，知道什么时候出现和退出。她符合的是一个男人对于小家碧玉的要求，无所求和懂得适时适当的爱。不单是男主角，我想，任何男性都会喜欢和爱上这样一个形象，并且这个形象是遭女性嫉妒和爱慕的。大多数女性平凡和贫乏，但不是每个人都有那么好的结局，得到完美的爱情，得到尊重，得到财富。而最削减这部作品的女性价值或者直接就是文学价值的部分就是她完美的结局，我不否认我对于悲剧的迷恋，但是我同时非常我喜欢的一个角色能够得到一个好的下场，一个令人微笑安心的结局。我更希望我希望的主角得到一个合理的和有助于欣赏一部作品的结局。而书中，简爱最后得到了一笔丰厚的遗产，拥有了能够和她相亲相爱的亲人。她不再是一无所有，而男主角却变得一无所有了。而作者到这个时候才来给爱情收尾。诚然，这样来说一个好的地方是，女主角爱上男主角，绝不仅仅是因为他的地位财富声望，她爱的是他的这个人。然而这样，开始时候就大篇幅铺垫的女主角要追求的在不平等的地位下平等的爱情感的荡然无存，女主角的自卑终于可以释放，她和他是平等的，不仅是爱情上的平等，而且财富地位上，她们是一样平等的。而且这个时候，男主角失去了一切，财富，健康，年龄，位置颠倒过来了。这部作品被当作一部半自传式的作品，作者艾略特是一个普通家庭的孩子，多次当过家庭教师的经历。并且一直寻求着自身地位的改变。她要写的是一部“受欢迎的，比你们（她的妹妹们）任何的作品都受欢迎的作品”。所以这部作品的主角更是像是一个讨好读者的形象。作者的自卑情结：毫无疑问，简爱是自卑的，自卑的人才要出处维护尊严，处处体现尊严。她是顾忌的，也是客气的。她在小时候的环境中敢于同姨妈针锋相对，敢于反抗表兄的欺负，敢于对学校里不人道不公正的做法反抗。而长大后的简爱，却把这种反抗变成了自知，她成为一个知书达理的，懂得怎么样取悦他人的人。在菲尔德庄园，他要取悦管家，她的小小的学生，她的主人，而且这些她做的一点不差。并且懂得怎么样在这种情况下维护好自己的尊严。同时，这又是自恋的。自恋的女性作品中的女性，能够得到所有男人的爱，同时也得到女人的爱。女性不再是被损害的对象，而变成了承载女性和男性幻想的作品，这些作品中的女性是美丽的，智慧的，通常还是温柔的善解人意的。对男主角的必杀技是温柔体贴加上适当的小性感。男人对她们都是见光死，义无反顾的成为她们的裙下臣。《简爱》毫无疑问有这种自恋倾向，她自卑，同时自恋。她知道自己美，美在那里，并且适当的利用这种美丽。得到大家的好感，而她对别人的眼光其实是恶毒的，舅妈家一家人固然没有什么值得留恋的，暴躁凶横的表哥，白痴无脑的表妹。，无爱心的舅妈。她的学生阿黛勒是一个不慎聪明的会讨人欢心的小玩意，头脑简单的女管家，可笑的约翰表哥，还有那个为人刻薄的英格拉姆小姐一家。在书中，简爱适当的利用了自己的才华和光彩，来对比其他人的苍白，她及变成一个有灵魂的小妇人。自恋，所以得到完满，作品中，没有一个人是完美的，只有她，劣势也变成优势，压倒一切也得到一切。当我试图用女性主义的一些观点来分析的时候，简爱是这样一部作品。她和女性主义的一些源头有关，但她远远达不到女性主义作品的要求，同时，她也不是一部好小说。好小说的意境，特别是哥特式小说所需要的诡谲气氛和神秘变幻的氛围也荡然无存。这部作品，艺术成就上被《呼啸山庄》远远抛下，成为一部通俗小说。真的很像通俗小说，拥有无树的读者，只要稍微读过点书的人都读过，并且得到追捧。塑造了千万女性幻想成为的女性形象，并且也塑造了男性喜欢的女性形象，这就是这部小说在今天我来看所具有的价值。它的地位，被抬的太高，使看小说的人都无法回避，事实上，有更多的好的小说，纯粹的小说值得我们去读。而且这个形象，也成为许多女性对自身状况无法正视的一个阻碍。以为只要保有自尊自爱就能得到一切。其实不是，女性主义兴起一百多年到今天仍然面临着许多的问题。女性不需要的是幻想而是自省，而这，恰恰是这部作品所达不到的。==================================================================我对楼主说的话：关于简爱的论文 百度知道上就能搜出许多 相信你也能看到学术研究到什么程度这个问题你得自己查啊！！到学校学术期刊数据库去搜索啊！在网上查的资料都是非常有限的！刚帮你搜了一下，万方数据库就有，可是校外网看不到呀开题报告你得写清楚，学术界做这个研究，目前有多少篇论文，多少本学术专著，主要从哪些方面切入。你相较于学术界的研究，有那些创新点。姑娘，这样做毕业论文可不行吖！快打起精神来好好读书好好看资料~！加油！
去这个网上看看吧，复制不了~希望对你有所帮助
能看看你当时写的开题报告吗 做个参考
1、“火焰在眼睛里闪烁，眼睛像露水一样闪光；看上去温柔而充满感情，笑对着我的闲 聊，显得非常敏感。清晰的眼球上掠过一个又一个印象，笑容一旦消失，神色便转为忧伤。 倦意不知不觉落在眼睑上，露出孤独带来的忧郁。那双眼睛避开了我，受不了细细端详，而 且投来讥讽的一瞥，似乎要否认我已经发现的事实——既不承认说它敏感，也不承认说它懊 丧，它的自尊与矜持只能证实我的看法，这双眼睛是讨人喜欢的。 “至于那嘴巴，有时爱笑，希望坦露头脑中的一切想法，但我猜想对不少内心的体验却 绝口不提。它口齿伶俐，决不想紧闭双唇，永远安于孤寂沉默。这张嘴爱说爱笑，爱交谈， 通人情，这一部份也很吉利。 “除了额头，我看不到有碍幸福结局的地方，那个额头表白道，‘我可以孤单地生活， 要是自尊心和客观环境需要我这样做的话。我不必**灵魂来购得幸福。我有一个天生的内 在珍宝，在外界的欢乐都被剥夺，或者欢乐的代价高于我的偿付能力时，它能使我活下 去。’额头大声说道，‘理智稳坐不动，紧握缰绳，不让情感挣脱，将自己带入荒芜的深 渊。’**会象道地的异教徒那样狂怒地倾泻，欲望会耽于虚无缥渺的幻想，但是判断在每次 争执中仍持有决定权，在每一决策中掌握着生死攸关的一票。狂风、地震和水灾虽然都会降 临，但我将听从那依然细微的声音的指引，因为是它解释了良心的命令。” 通过对简五官的描述，表现了简独立，坚强，智慧，理智的内在人格魅力，面对挫折不惧怕的勇敢，独立不依赖他人。 2、“我爱读她们喜欢读的书，她们所欣赏的使我感到愉快，她们所赞同的我也尊重。她们喜欢这个与世隔绝的家，我也在灰色、古老、小巧的建筑中找到了巨大而永久的魅力。这里有低矮的屋顶、带格子的窗户、消蚀的小径和古杉夹道的大路——强劲的山风使这些古杉都已倾斜。还有长着紫杉和冬青而呈黑色的花园一—这里除了顽强的花种，什么花都不开放。她们眷恋住宅后面和周围紫色的荒原一—眷恋凹陷的溪谷。一条鹅卵石筑成的马道，从大门口由高而低通向那里，先在蔽树丛生的两岸之间蜿蜒着，随后又经过与欧石南荒原交界的几个最荒芜的小牧场。一群灰色的荒原羊和苔藓般面孔的羊羔，都靠这些牧场来维持生命——嗨，她们热情满怀地眷恋着这番景色。我能理解她们的感情，同她们一样感受这个地方的力量与真谛，我看到了这—带诱人的魅力，体会到它所奉献的孤寂。我的眼目尽情地享受着起伏的荒原，享受着山脊上与山谷中由青苔、灰色欧石南、小花点点的草地、鲜艳夺目的欧洲蕨和颜色柔和的花岗岩所形成的荒野色彩。这些点滴景物之于我如同之于她们一—都是无数纯洁可爱的快乐源泉。猛烈的狂风和柔和的微风、凄风苦雨的天气和平平静静的日子、日出时分和日落时刻、月光皎洁的夜晚和乌云密布的黑夜，都使我同他们一样深为这个地区所吸引，都对我如同对他们一样，产生了一种魔力。” 在黛安娜和玛丽这住处周围的景色，以景抒情，通过大自然朴实的风景和在罗切斯特别塑那帮虚荣虚伪的富人形成鲜明对比，反映简和作者对资本阶级下普通人民，和知识分子和劳动人民的赞美，对真善美的热爱。用自然中的狂风，苦雨等等表达简不惧挫折，在挫折下成长得更加坚强美丽。 从这类段落可以看出简的独立，自主，富有思想并且带有新时代女权思想，她对罗切斯特别塑出现的虽然文才韬略一等，但都是为了嫁个贵族的俗气的富家小姐的鄙视和对黛安娜等富有人格魅力和知识女性的崇敬形成对比，表达简的新时代女权思想，主张女性独立的思想。
美国文学作品，这里面你自己选吧1、“引起一场大战的小妇人”（林肯语）斯托夫人——美国最早的现实主义小说，揭露蓄奴制野蛮丑恶的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》2、浪漫主义作家霍桑——长篇代表作《红字》，《玉石雕像》《带七个尖角阁的房子》，短篇小说集《重讲一遍的故事》《古屋青苔》3、“把害怕发展到恐惧，把奇特变成怪异和神秘”的爱伦·坡——恐怖小说：著名短篇小说《厄舍古厦的倒塌》《黑猫》《红色死亡假面舞会》，推理小说《莫格街谋杀案》《被窃的信件》《金甲虫》4、惠特曼——唯一的诗集《草叶集》，共383首诗。5、麦尔维尔——“捕鲸百科全书”《白鲸》6、马克·吐温——长篇小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》，童话小说《王子与贫儿》《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》，讽刺小说《百万英镑》《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》《竞选州长》7、德莱塞——长篇小说《嘉莉妹妹》《珍妮姑娘》《天才》，“欲望三部曲”《金融家》《巨人》《禁欲者》，轰动美国的“美国最伟大的小说”《美国的悲剧》8、欧·亨利——《爱的牺牲》《麦琪的礼物》《最后一片藤叶》《警察和赞美诗》等，他的三百多篇短篇小说，大都收在《四百万》《西部之心》《城市之声》《善良的》等集子里。9、1950年诺贝尔文学奖获得者福克纳——《圣殿》《八月之光》《押沙龙、押沙龙》《喧嚣与疯狂》——“约克纳帕塔法世系小说”10、杰克·伦敦风格粗犷、充满力量的“硬汉文学”——《北方的奥德塞》《热爱生命》《海狼》《铁蹄》《马丁·伊登》11、1954年诺贝尔文学奖获得者创立简洁文风的海明威——长篇小说《太阳照样升起》，以第一次世界大战为题材的《永别了，武器》，反映西班牙内战的《丧钟为谁而鸣》，第二次世界大战后举世闻名的《老人与海》12、获得诺贝尔奖，小说大都以中国为背景的女作家赛珍珠——获奖小说《大地》，她还把《水浒传》译成了英文。13、女作家马格丽特·米切尔——美国内战为背景的《飘》14、黑人文学，哈利——《根》
中国(大陆)当代作家对卡夫卡的接受和回应显然是与中国的外国文学领域对卡夫卡的译介分不开的,因为中国作家通常是没有可能阅读到卡夫卡作品的原文的。而中国对卡夫卡的翻译介绍比较晚,解放前对卡夫卡的零星介绍还不足以引起作家们的注意和重视。大概到了1966年,才由作家出版社出版了一部由李文俊、曹庸翻译的《〈审判〉及其他小说》,其中包括卡夫卡的6篇小说:《判决》、《变形记》、《在流放地》、《乡村医生》、《致科学院的报告》、《审判》。但这部小说集当时是作为“反面教材”在“内部发行”,只有极少数专业人员才有机会看到,中国作家恐怕很少有机会读到这个译本。1979年初《世界文学》杂志刊登了由李文俊翻译的《变形记》,并发表了署名丁方、施文的文章《卡夫卡和他的作品》,卡夫卡及其作品才算是第一次在中国公开亮相。接下来,1981年初《外国文学》发表了卡夫卡的4个短篇:《判决》、《乡村医生》、《法律门前》和《流氓集团》。随后,卡夫卡的幽灵便迅速在大江南北弥漫,在各种文艺刊物上出头露面。由于“在卡夫卡这里人们无法获得其他作家所共有的品质,就是无法找到文学里清晰可见的继承关系”,[1]因此,卡夫卡在中国作家心中最初引起的更多的是惊讶和不解,而不是认同和接受。但对于少数敢于探索、勇于冒险的作家而言,他的影响却是深刻而又长久的,并且通过这些作家,卡夫卡终于在中国扎下根来,如今已有越来越多的作家将卡夫卡引以为“知音”。 一、“打开了另一个世界” 中国作家徐星曾经说过,“现代主义不是形式主义,而是生活方式问题,真正超脱的人实际是最痛苦的人。卡夫卡活着本身就是一个艺术品,写什么样的作品是生活方式决定的,是命中注定的。”[2]的确,卡夫卡的生活和写作都是独一无二,不可模仿的。卡夫卡,这位西方现代艺术的怪才和探险家,他以痛苦走进世界,以绝望拥抱爱人,以惊恐触摸真实,以毁灭为自己加冕……他是现代世界里的唯一的“精神裸体者”,他的独一无二的生活方式决定了他的创作,他的创作完成了他自己。从这个意义上说,徐星一句话便道出了卡夫卡生活和创作的本质。 卡夫卡的生活虽然是不可模仿的,但他的创作却是可以借鉴的。的确,卡夫卡极大地影响了许多中国当代作家的创作。 1999年新世纪出版社推出了一套丛书《影响我的10部短篇小说》,其中莫言、余华、皮皮均选了一篇卡夫卡的小说。皮皮说,那些好的小说“会陪伴你度过各种光阴。每次读起,无论是晴朗的午后,还是小雨的黄昏,你都会跟它们做一次交流,围绕着生死爱恨。”[3](P1) “当年我已经从它们那里获得了超值的享受和补益,今天我再一次从它们那里收获。”[3](P1)在这些好小说中有一篇就是卡夫卡的《在流放地》。皮皮在大学里写的学士论文就有关卡夫卡的,因此她对卡夫卡曾有过一番研究。她在读《在流放地》时,“经历了很丰富的阅读感受,平静、紧张、恐怖、思索、佩服等等,尽管它的篇幅对此而言显得过于短暂。”[3](P12) 在影响余华的10部短篇小说里,也有卡夫卡的《在流放地》。余华说:“我之所以选择《在流放地》,是因为卡夫卡这部作品留在叙述上的刻度最为清晰,我所指的是一个作家叙述时产生力量的支点在什么地方……《在流放地》清晰地展示了卡夫卡叙述中伸展出去的枝叶,在对那架杀人机器细致入微的描写里,这位作家表达出了和巴尔扎克同样准确的现实感,这样的现实感也在故事的其他部分不断涌现,正是这些拥有了现实依据的描述,才构成了卡夫卡故事的地基。事实上他所有的作品都是如此,只是人们更容易被大厦的荒诞性所吸引,从而忽视了建筑材料的实用性。”[4](P5) 面对卡夫卡等的作品,余华说,“我就像一个胆怯的孩子,小心翼翼地抓住它们的衣角,模仿着它们的步伐,在时间的长河里缓缓走去,那是温暖和百感交集的旅程。它们将我带走,然后让我独自一人回去。当我回来之后,才知道它们已经永远和我在一起了。”[4](P11)余华在其他地方还多次谈到卡夫卡。1990年,余华在一篇名为《川端康成和卡夫卡的遗产》的文章中写道,“1986年让他兴奋不已”,[5]这一年他读到了卡夫卡的《乡村医生》,这篇小说“让我大吃一惊……让我感到作家在面对形式时可以是自由自在的,形式似乎是‘无政府主义’的,作家没有必要依赖一种直接的,既定的观念去理解形式。卡夫卡解放了我。使我三年多时间建立起来的一套写作法则在一夜之间成了一堆破烂。”[5]他认为卡夫卡的出现在文学史上是一个“奇迹”。[5]卡夫卡那种异常锋利的思维,他那轻而易举直达人类痛处的特征给余华留下了极为深刻的印象。小说中有这么一段,描写医生查看病人的病情时,发现了患者身体右侧靠近臀部处一个手掌大小的伤口: 玫瑰红色,有许多暗点,深处呈黑色,周边泛浅,如同嫩软的颗粒,不均匀地出现淤血,像露天煤矿一样张开着。这是远看的情况,近看则更为严重。谁会见此而不惊叫呢?在伤口深处,有许多和我小手指一样大小的虫蛹,身体紫红,同时又沾满血污,它们正用白色的小头和无数小腿蠕动着爬向亮处。可怜的小伙子,你已经无可救药。我找到了你硕大的伤口,你身上这朵鲜花(Blume)送你走向死亡。① 余华读罢感到震惊不已。这种冷静客观的对血淋淋事实的描写,尤其是用“鲜花”来形容伤口,使余华大开眼界。他的《十八岁出门远行》就是在读了卡夫卡《乡村医生》后写成的,因此,我们可以说,是卡夫卡完成了余华的成名作。在中篇小说《一九八六年》中,余华笔下中学教师自残的场面更是令人触目惊心:“他嘴里大喊一声‘劓!’然后将钢锯放在了鼻子下面,锯齿对准了鼻子。那如手臂一样黑乎乎的嘴唇抖动起来,像是在笑。接着两条手臂有力地摆动了,每摆动一下他都要拼命地喊一声:‘劓!’钢锯开始锯进去,鲜血开始渗出来……他喘了一阵气,又将钢锯举了起来,举到了眼前,对着阳光仔细打量起来。接着伸出长得出奇也已经染红的指甲,去抠嵌在锯齿里的骨屑,那骨屑已被鲜血浸透,在阳光下闪烁着红光。”[6](P151-152)余华在这种充满血腥味的、残酷无情的“死亡叙述”中更是将异常冷漠、绝对超然的叙述笔调和风格推向了极至。 1999年余华又在《读书》杂志上发表了题为《卡夫卡和K》的文章,专门论述了卡夫卡与《城堡》中的K之间的关系。余华说:“内心的不安和阅读的不知所措困扰着人们,在卡夫卡的作品中,没有人们已经习惯的文学出路,或者说其他的出路也没有,人们只能留下来,尽管这地方根本不是天堂,而且更像地狱,人们仍然要留下来。”[1](P46)面对卡夫卡的作品,还包括他的书信、日记,余华“留下来”认真研读、细细体会。他说:“卡夫卡一生所经历的不是可怕的孤独,而是一个外来者的尴尬。这是更为深远的孤独,他不仅和这个世界所有的人格格不入,同时他也和自己格格不入。”[1](P39)至于卡夫卡的叙述手法,余华更是推崇备至:“卡夫卡的描述是如此的细致和精确”,“又充满了美感”,“叙述如同深渊的召唤”。论及卡夫卡日记和小说的关系时,余华又说:“卡夫卡的日记很像是一些互相失去了联系的小说片段,而他的小说《城堡》则像是K的漫长到无法结束的日记。”[1](P40)余华以其作家的敏感和深刻,很快就从卡夫卡那里捕捉到了他自己所需要的东西。 在影响莫言的10部小说里,莫言也提到了卡夫卡的《乡村医生》。莫言认为,一篇好的小说,应当具有独特的腔调。这种独特的腔调,“并不仅仅指语言,而是指他习惯选择的故事类型、他处理这个故事的方式、他叙述这个故事时运用的形式等全部因素所营造出的那样一种独特的氛围”。[7](P2)卡夫卡的《乡村医生》就是这样一篇小说。这是一篇“最为典型的‘仿梦小说’,也许他写的就是他的一个梦。他的绝大多数作品,都像梦境。梦人人会做,但能把小说写得如此像梦的,大概只有他一人。”[7](P7)莫言感觉到了卡夫卡的独特腔调,并在他的小说中也有所借鉴和表现。 宗璞开始阅读卡夫卡的时间较早,那是在60年代中期。她原本是为了批判卡夫卡才阅读卡夫卡的,但是,她却发现卡夫卡在她面前“打开了另一个世界”,令她大吃一惊。她说,“我从他那里得到的是一种抽象的,或者说是原则性的影响。我吃惊于小说原来可以这样写,更明白文学是创造。何谓创造?即造出前所未有的世界,文学从你笔下开始。而其荒唐变幻,又是绝对的真实。在文革中,许多人不是一觉醒来,就变成牛鬼蛇神了吗?”。[8]她的小说《我是谁?》写“文革”期间人变成蛇的异化情态,“孟文起和韦弥同样的惊恐,同时扑倒在地,变成了两条虫子……韦弥困难地爬着,像真正的虫子一样,先缩起后半身,拱起了背,再向前伸开,好不容易绕过一处假山石。孟文起显然比她爬得快,她看不见他,不时艰难地抬起头来寻找。”[9](P38)这种写法,显然是受到了卡夫卡《变形记》的影响。但是,在宗璞的小说的结尾,主人公又直露地发出了我终究是人的愿望,这又使得她与卡夫卡区别开来了。在卡夫卡那里,异化是一种世界观,无时无刻不在;而在宗璞那里,异化只是暂时的现象,是某个特定的历史时期,如文化大革命的产物。在卡夫卡那里,变形既是形式,又是内容,在宗璞那里,变形只是形式,而不是内容;在卡夫卡那里,叙述是冷静和客观的,作者置身于故事之外,漠然地注视着这一切,而在宗璞那里则是夹叙夹议,作者置身其中,感情悲愤激越,最后作者甚至直接站出来说道,“然而只要到了真正的春天,‘人’总还会回到自己的土地。或者说,只有‘人’回到了自己的土地,才会有真正的春天。”[9](P61)这样直露的议论,已经不大像是写小说了。宗璞说过,她的作品可分为两大类,一类可称为“外观手法”,另一类则为“内观手法”,后者“就是透过现实的外壳,去写本质,虽然荒诞不成比例,却求神似……卡夫卡的《变形记》、《城堡》写的是现实中不可能发生的事,可是在精神上是那样的准确。他使人惊异,原来小说竟然能这样写,把表面现象剥去有时是很有必要的,这点也给我启发。”[10]可见,宗璞的这种“内观手法”显然来源于卡夫卡,但是,宗璞并不想走向彻底的荒诞变形,她笔下的人物虽然已蜕变为“蛇”,然而,最终仍然是人性占了上风。宗璞的另一篇小说《蜗居》简直就是一篇卡夫卡式的寓言小说。小说中主人公的背上长出一个蜗牛的硬壳,他便像蜗牛一样的爬行。但与卡夫卡不同的是,宗璞具有浓烈的社会意识和政治意识,并且,一有机会她就直接地表露出来。 蒋子丹的情形与宗璞有点相似。1983年她在读过卡夫卡等作家的作品后,便想试着写一种荒诞小说,这种小说“所有的细节都真实可信(至少貌似真实可信),没有一句话让人费解,但在骨子里横着一个荒诞的内核,这个内核里又包裹着某种险恶的真实。”[11]她正是在这一思想指导下创作了她的短篇小说《黑颜色》、《蓝颜色》、《那天下雨》和中篇小说《圈》。当时很多读者都看不懂这些小说,但她对自己的选择并不后悔,她说,“我觉得一个作家选择了错误的目标并不可怕,可怕的是根本没有目标。”[11] 格非也非常钟情于卡夫卡,并研究过卡夫卡。他曾对鲁迅与卡夫卡进行过比较分析,他说:“鲁迅和卡夫卡,他们都从自身的绝望境遇中积累起了洞穿这一绝望壁垒的力量,而‘希望’的不可判断性和悬置并未导致他们在虚无中的沉沦。从最消极和最悲观的意义上说,他们都是牺牲者和受难者。而正是这种炼狱般的受难历程,为人类穿越难以承受的黑暗境域提供了标识。”[12]“与卡夫卡一样,鲁迅深切地感受到了存在的不真实感,也就是荒谬感,两者都遇到了言说的困难,言说、写作所面临的文化前提不尽相同,但它们各自的言说方式对于既定语言系统的否定,瓦解的意向却颇为一致。”[12]卡夫卡的这种荒谬感、言说的困难,以及对既定语言系统的否定和瓦解,对格非的创作恐怕不无影响,尽管这种影响也许是通过鲁迅这一中介而得以完成的。 在格非的小说《边缘》中有一段描写使人们不由得想起了卡夫卡的《乡村医生》。小说中有一位名叫仲月楼的医生,“他脸上时常挂着一种不经意的笑容,即使是他在手术台上摆弄死人的时候也是如此。”[13](P169)小说里写到这位医生一次给一位重伤员施手术,他似乎根本就没有注意到这位伤员在痛苦地颤抖、痉挛。他一面不紧不慢地按照某种固定的程序做着他所应该做的一切,一面又津津有味地向小说的叙述者“我”大谈如何勾引女人:① 仲月楼用一把镊子从那处伤洞里伸进去,试着将那枚弹头夹出来,有几次差一点获得了成功,但每次快要弄出来的时候,弹头又像泥鳅一样滑了进去。仲月楼抬起袖管擦了擦脸上的汗珠,大口大口地喘着气。 “等到女人的身体发软,你才可以撩开她的裙子,然后抚摸她。只要你有耐心,女人最终会支持不住的。” 仲月楼自言自语地说着,站在一旁的护士好像早就感到不耐烦了。她提醒仲月楼,那个躺在香案上的伤兵说不定已经死了。 仲月楼没有搭理她,而是将目光投向了门外。 …… “我想他的确已经死了。”仲月楼说。[13](170) 伤员死了,仲月楼看去毫不动情。一个客观、冷漠、简单的“说”字,令我们对仲月楼的情感状态一无所知。 二、通向灵魂的城堡 被誉为中国文坛独立特行的女作家残雪,有“中国的卡夫卡”之称。有评论者写道,“如果说,80年代的《苍老的浮云》、《天窗》、《山上的小屋》等作品中喷薄而出、纷至沓来的梦魇般的意象,与卡夫卡那现实主义般地精确刻画荒诞事物的风格仍保持一定距离的话,那么,在90年代创作的那些更为节制、纯熟、理性的小说中,我们隐约地感到,残雪与卡夫卡达成了更深的默契。”[14]1999年残雪推出了一本专门解读卡夫卡的大著《灵魂的城堡——理解卡夫卡》,[15]更是让人们吃了一惊。残雪作品中所包含的那种极端个人化的声音一直令许多读者望而兴叹,她笔下的那个冷峻、变态和噩梦的世界也一直难以为人们所理解和接受,她在偌大的中国似乎缺乏知音,然而,她在一个十分遥远的国度里却发现了卡夫卡,并引以为知音。于是,奇迹便发生了,一个20世纪末的中国女作家与一个20世纪初的奥地利男作家在灵魂深处相遇、对话,这不能不说是一件让人砰然心动的事。 半个多世纪以来,有关卡夫卡的评论和著述可以说汗牛充栋,存在主义认为,是卡夫卡首先看到了追求自由存在的痛苦和孤独;荒诞派在卡夫卡那里找到了自己需要的“反英雄”;黑色幽默派从卡夫卡那里看到的是灰暗色调和讥讽意味;超现实主义看到的是弗洛伊德式的心理分析和“超肉体感觉”;表现主义看到的却是梦幻和直觉;而卢卡契索性认为卡夫卡表现了社会和阶级斗争的本质……而残雪却几乎将所有这些评述都悬置一旁,直截了当地将卡夫卡当作一个作家,或者更确切地说,当作一个小说家来理解。在残雪看来,卡夫卡是一个最纯粹的艺术家,而不是一个道德家、宗教学家、心理学家、历史学家和社会批评家,他的全部创作不过是对作者本人内心灵魂不断地深入考察和追究的历程。 这样一来,残雪似乎一下子就抓住了卡夫卡最本质的东西。的确,写作就是卡夫卡生命中的一切,没有了写作,卡夫卡的生活将变得毫无色彩和意义。卡夫卡说:“在我身上最容易看得出一种朝着写作的集中。当我的肌体中清楚地显示出写作是本质中最有效的方向时,一切都朝它涌去,撇下了获得性生活、吃、喝、哲学思考、尤其是音乐的快乐的一切能力。我在所有这些方面都萎缩了。”“我写作,所以我存在。”他“不是一个写作的人,而是一个将写作当作唯一的存在方式、视写作为生活中抵抗死亡的唯一手段的人。”[16]只有写作才能证明卡夫卡的存在。卡夫卡为了写作而拒绝了友谊、爱情、婚姻和家庭,他选择了他自己所惧怕的那份孤独。卡夫卡大概可以算世界上最孤独的作家,而他的小说所表现的也正是现代人的这种孤独感,所以,卡夫卡自己的生活与创作就在这里合而为一了,他成了在生活上最无作为和在创作上最有成就者。 残雪对卡夫卡的生活方式和生活目的颇有同感,她在一篇名为《黑暗灵魂的舞蹈》的文章中这样写道: 是这种写作使我的性格里矛盾的各个部分的对立变得尖锐起来,内心就再也难以得到安宁。我不能清楚地意识到内部躁动的实质,我只知道一点:不写就不能生活。出于贪婪的天性,生活中的一切亮点(虚荣、物质享受、情感等等)我都不想放弃,但要使亮点成为真正的亮点,惟有写作;而在写作中,生活的一切亮点又全都黯然失色,没有意义。[17](P11) 这段话与卡夫卡如出一辙,而与卡夫卡不同的是:残雪并没有拒绝丈夫、儿子和家庭。残雪的孤独更多的是灵魂的孤独,在现实生活中她比卡夫卡幸运得多。 对于卡夫卡著名的三部长篇小说,残雪就是从这一角度开始了她的解读。残雪认为,《诉讼》描述了一个灵魂挣扎、奋斗和彻悟的过程。“K被捕的那天早上就是他内心自审历程的开始”,“史无前例的自审以这种古怪的形式展开,世界变得陌生,一种新的理念逐步地主宰了他的行为,迫使他放弃现有的一切,脱胎换骨。”[15](P85)那么,城堡是什么呢?它“似乎是一种虚无,一个抽象的所在,一个幻影,谁也说不清它是什么。奇怪的是它确确实实地存在着,并且主宰着村子里的一切日常生活,在村里的每一个人身上体现出它那纯粹的、不可逆转的意志。K对自己的一切都是怀疑的、没有把握的,唯独对城堡的信念是坚定不移的。”[15](P192)原来,城堡就是生命的目的,是理想之光,并且,它就存在于我们的心里。《美国》实际上意味着艺术家精神上的断奶,“一个人来到世上,如果他在精神上没有经历‘孤儿’的阶段,他就永远不能长大,成熟,发展起自己的世界,而只能是一个寄生虫。”[15](P38) 至于卡夫卡的一些短篇小说,在残雪看来,《中国长城建造时》象征着“艺术家的活法”;《致某科学院的报告》记录了“猿人艺术家战胜猿性,达到自我意识的历程”;《乡村教师》中的老教师体现了“艺术良知”;《小妇人》及《夫妇》描述了“诗人灵魂的结构”;《地洞》则表现了艺术家既要逃离存在遁入虚空,又要逃离虚空努力存在的双重恐惧…… 看来,残雪完全是以独特的、写小说的方式来解读和描述卡夫卡的作品的,这使得读者在惊讶残雪的敏锐、机智和个性外,也渐渐地开始怀疑,残雪在这里究竟是在解读卡夫卡,还是在构筑她自己心中的卡夫卡?抑或真正的卡夫卡其实就等于她心中的卡夫卡?她究竟是在解读小说,还是在创作小说?我认为,无论残雪的初衷是什么,有一点是可以肯定的,即由于有了残雪的解读,卡夫卡在中国的“知音”将会越来越多,而不是越来越少。
怎么写开题报告呢？首先要把在准备工作当中搜集的资料整理出来，包括课题名称、课题内容、课题的理论依据、参加人员、组织安排和分工、大概需要的时间、经费的估算等等。第一是标题的拟定。课题在准备工作中已经确立了，所以开题报告的标题是不成问题的，把你研究的课题直接写上就行了。比如我曾指导过一组同学对伦教的文化诸如“伦教糕”、伦教木工机械、伦教文物等进行研究，拟定的标题就是“伦教文化研究”。第二就是内容的撰写。开题报告的主要内容包括以下几个部分：一、课题研究的背景。 所谓课题背景，主要指的是为什么要对这个课题进行研究，所以有的课题干脆把这一部分称为“问题的提出”，意思就是说为什么要提出这个问题，或者说提出这个课题。比如我曾指导的一个课题“伦教文化研究”，背景说明部分里就是说在改革开放的浪潮中，伦教作为珠江三角洲一角，在经济迅速发展的同时，她的文化发展怎么样，有哪些成就，对居民有什么影响，有哪些还要改进的。当然背景所叙述的内容还有很多，既可以是社会背景，也可以是自然背景。关键在于我们所确定的课题是什么。二、课题研究的内容。课题研究的内容，顾名思义，就是我们的课题要研究的是什么。比如我校黄姝老师的指导的课题“佛山新八景”，课题研究的内容就是：“以佛山新八景为重点，考察佛山历史文化沉淀的昨天、今天、明天，结合佛山经济发展的趋势，拟定开发具有新佛山、新八景、新气象的文化旅游的可行性报告及开发方案。”三、课题研究的目的和意义。课题研究的目的，应该叙述自己在这次研究中想要达到的境地或想要得到的结果。比如我校叶少珍老师指导的“重走长征路”研究课题，在其研究目标一栏中就是这样叙述的：1、通过再现长征历程，追忆红军战士的丰功伟绩，对长征概况、长征途中遇到了哪些艰难险阻、什么是长征精神，有更深刻的了解和感悟。2、通过小组同学间的分工合作、交流、展示、解说，培养合作参与精神和自我展示能力。3、通过本次活动，使同学的信息技术得到提高，进一步提高信息素养。四、课题研究的方法。在“课题研究的方法”这一部分，应该提出本课题组关于解决本课题问题的门路或者说程序等。一般来说，研究性学习的课题研究方法有：实地调查考察法(通过组织学生到所研究的处所实地调查，从而得出结论的方法)、问卷调查法（根据本课题的情况和自己要了解的内容设置一些问题，以问卷的形式向相关人员调查的方法）、人物采访法（直接向有关人员采访，以掌握第一手材料的方法）、文献法（通过查阅各类资料、图表等,分析、比较得出结论）等等。在课题研究中，应该根据自己课题的实际情况提出相关的课题研究方法，不一定面面俱到，只要实用就行。五、课题研究的步骤。课题研究的步骤，当然就是说本课题准备通过哪几步程序来达到研究的目的。所以在这一部分里应该着重思考的问题就是自己的课题大概准备分几步来完成。一般来说课题研究的基本步骤不外乎是以下几个方面：准备阶段、查阅资料阶段、实地考察阶段、问卷调查阶段、采访阶段、资料的分析整理阶段、对本课题的总结与反思阶段等。六、课题参与人员及组织分工。这属于对本课题研究的管理范畴，但也不可忽视。因为管理不到位，学生不能明确自己的职责，有时就会偷懒或者互相推诿，有时就会做重复劳动。因此课题参与人员的组织分工是不可少的。最好是把所有的参与研究的学生分成几个小组，每个小组通过民主选举的方式推选出小组长，由小组长负责本小组的任务分派和落实。然后根据本课题的情况，把相关的研究任务分割成几大部分，一个小组负责一个部分。最后由小组长组织人员汇总和整理。七、课题的经费估算。一个课题要开展，必然需要一些经费来启动，所以最后还应该大概地估算一下本课题所需要 的资金是多少，比如搜集资料需要多少钱，实地调查的外出经费，问卷调查的印刷和分发的费用，课题组所要占用的场地费，有些课题还需要购买一些相关的材料，结题报告等资料的印刷费等等。所谓“大军未动，粮草先行”，没有足够的资金作后盾，课题研究势必举步维艰，捉襟见肘，甚至于半途而废。因此，课题的经费也必须在开题之初就估算好，未雨绸缪，才能真正把本课题的研究做到最好。
能看看你当时写的开题报告吗 做个参考
换书的话，不是会比较来不及吗？倒不如想一些比较独特的个人观点，另辟蹊径
《小妇人》出版后成为公认的美国名著，100多年以来，一直受到热烈的欢迎。我为大家带来几篇《小妇人》读后感供大家阅读。下面是我为你们整理的内容，希望你们喜欢。 小妇人读后感英文版篇1
Under the formidable war background, concerns national and collective destiny and the honor time, individual all are such not worthy of mentioning. Perhaps gradually will retreat its trace to a national war along with the years, but to an ordinary ordinary person, a bullet sufficiently will change his only life.
I think perhaps the man most sorrowful is inside this actor's final feeling, originally is most own two people simultaneously leaves himself.
" A FAREWELL TO ARMS " this novel quite successful, makes one feel clear credible, this is and the author has attended the First World War personally, and has been seriously injured, has stayed in the hospital, has the personal life to experience and directly felts the experience not to be able to separate. In performance method, what the author uses is the Chinese reader very familiar novel skill, namely lets character own words and deeds move the reader, but does not make any discussion, he is also good at causing the scenery and the plot, the character organically fuses in together, achieves serves the plot, character's positive effect. The novel is popular in the language aspect writing, uses some basic vocabularies, the sentence type to be simple mostly, mostly uses Jian Danju. Anglicizing, is very good, therefore is good for both young and old, appeals to both cultured and popular tastes, this is the artistic achievement which this novel obtains.
" A FAREWELL TO ARMS "opposed that war’s distinct subject and the mature artistic skill have had the emormous influence,the greatest degree had reflected after First World War,a youth generation the mood which visits the fear and is at a loss,is all the rage the world very quickly.
小妇人读后感英文版篇2
Today, i have read the book "Little Women" .The deepest feeling is it is simple to be happy! Happiness is kinship, friendship, health, labor and peace of mind. Having it, people just feel no
当品读完一部作品后，相信你一定有很多值得分享的收获，不能光会读哦，写一篇读后感吧。那么我们如何去写读后感呢？以下是我为大家整理的小妇人英语读后感（通用6篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
Before I read this book， I had watched a cartoon movie made by Japan. So I have a strong interest on it. It all begins in the dead of winter； The Christmas Season. The coldest one of all， were the war has made fuel for heating very scarce. While her husband is off at war， Marmee is left alone to raise their four daughters： Jo， Meg， Beth， and Amy. On Christmas Eve， Marmee has just arrived home from passing out food to the less fortunate with a letter from her husband， the girls father.
The all gather together around the fire to read the letter. Afterwards， the girls are teary eyed. Marmee kisses them and they are off to bed. Jo is longing to become a writer. So， every night she stays up late writing the script for soap operas. As morning comes she is the last one awake.
The table is set， and food prepared for their Christmas feast. As dusk falls， the girls are all up in the attic acting out Jos play， which she reads from the local （fake） newspaper. As they are performing， their rich， next—door neighbors grandson watches from the window. The 2 oldest girls： Jo and Meg， get ready to attend the Christmas Ball. While Jo is curling Megs hair， there is a strange smell to the air.
Amy screams， Megs hair is being singed. They continue digging through the old clothes bin for a pair of white gloves. One of the prominent themes in Little Women is the coming of age or maturation of the girls. During the course of the novel we see them grow in many ways —— physically， intellectually， and especially emotionally.
One question which readers must ask themselves is whether the views the characters have on the coming of age process are shared by Alcott. If they arent， what are Alcotts views and how do they differ from those of the women in her story？
It is interesting to examine the last half of Chapter 20， "Confidential." Jo addresses the maturation issue as she speaks with Marmee of the situation between Meg and Mr. Brooke.
The possible love between these two represents one of the very important aspects in coming of age for a teenage girl. Jo treats this natural process as if it were some sort of disease， however. Jo cannot understand why Meg would want to stop behaving "like a sensible creature" （）， and refers to love as "such nonsense." This book tell me how to deal with the family affairs. We should know the love between the members.
Little woman" is an autobiography novel properties with the family， the author is American Alcott.
This book was written in four different character marches through their own kind of girl， hardworking and found myself happy story. Novels have dropped the ups and downs of the rock， no fascinating plot of suspense， but the author use si—mp—le language describes marges family love. Their kindness， love and affection loyalty to deeply touched me. The author describes the details of life is very ordinary， but everywhere to love， reveal the longing for a better life.
Marges girl although home， but they are poor in anything positive and optimistic attitude. They stressed the novel character and dignity， also show their self constraint， and become more independent of the four girls are common characteristics. They are constantly to find their own shortcomings and to correct. It is also worth everybody study.
I liked Meg， like her willingneto love， not for money poverty seduced by the character， like her fair maiden wind. I like Joe， like her， like her dream to strive for the firm determination. I like beth， like her quiet， do anything without complaining， like she always for others good moral character. I also like Amy， like her strong， the poor as Keats responsibility of poverty. They are not the same fate with the ideal， but they found a better ending.
In their opinion， home is their land and sacred shelter. They will listen carefully to the mothers teachings， will use his hands， intelligent nimble invented the brain to another creative mind and beautification of the game. Four sisters growth course is a rich taste of education. The author used neither luxuriant also not boring language shows us a great affection， human friendship and love. In my opinion， it seems that the four sisters， forever and their love and love their lives together is the happiest thing.
From them， I learned to strong， learn to understand content but cannot satisfy， I learned to hope for the future， and never to chasing the dream of optimism， I also learned mustdouble treasures have died， dont wait until they know lost. We should be careful that everyone has the advantages of not wear blinders only see the faults of others.
Meg， Joe， beth， Amy， they four strong， optimistic spirit will be stored in my heart. They smile will remain in my mind， reminding me： be strong， have a pure heart.
Little woman is an autobiography novel properties with the family， the author is American book was written in four different character marches through their own kind of girl， hardworking and found myself happy story.
Novels have dropped the ups and downs of the rock， no fascinating plot of suspense， but the author use simple language describes marge"s family love. Their kindness， love and affection loyalty to deeply touched me. The author describes the details of life is very ordinary， but everywhere to love， reveal the longing for a better "s girl although home， but they are poor in anything positive and optimistic attitude. They stressed the novel character and dignity， also show their self constraint， and become more independent of the four girls are common characteristics. They are constantly to find their own shortcomings and to correct.
It is also worth everybody liked Meg， like her willingness to love， not for money poverty seduced by the character， like her fair maiden wind. I like Joe， like her， like her dream to strive for the firm determination.
I like beth， like her quiet， do anything without complaining， like she always for others good moral character. I also like Amy， like her b， the poor as Keats responsibility of poverty. They are not the same fate with the ideal， but they found a better their opinion， home is their land and sacred shelter. They will listen carefully to the mother"s teachings， will use his hands， intelligent nimble invented the brain to another creative mind and beautification of the game. Four sisters growth course is a rich taste of education. The author used neither luxuriant also not boring language shows us a great affection， human friendship and love.
In my opinion， it seems that the four sisters， forever and their love and love their lives together is the happiest them， I learned to b， learn to understand content but cannot satisfy， I learned to hope for the future， and never to chasing the dream of optimism， I also learned mustdouble treasures have died， don"t wait until they know lost.
We should be careful that everyone has the advantages of not wear blinders only see the faults of ， Joe， beth， Amy， they four b， optimistic spirit will be stored in my heart. They smile will remain in my mind， reminding me： be b， have a pure heart.
Little Woman was written by American female writer Alcott. After reading this novel， I have some opinions about these four women.
The novel described four sisters in the March family； they were kind to each other and love each other， hardworking， stayed with neighbor Laurence friendly. Different disposition girls had found their own happy through their own goodness and industrious. The novel has not a fluctuation plot and fascinating suspension in a play， but the author described the happiness in March family with the simple language. Their good and kind， loyalty to love and family has left me a deep impression. The author only described very ordinary detail in the life， but reveals the love to the happy life expectation everywhere.
Although these girls born in a poor family， but they all had the positive attitude to any matter， the novel had laid emphasis on their individuality and the dignity， but also has displayed their self—expression restraint. Independently was these four girls’s common characteristic， they always keep discovering their own shortcoming and correct it as soon as possible which worth our learning. Look we， some people always make mistakes， but they always think that it is a small mistake； they don’t need to notice it， let it go. If every one like them， the society will become very awful， no rule can limit people’s behaviors， they can do anything they like.
These four girls are very different， let me introduce them， Meg， the eldest of the four， was sixteen， and very pretty， being plump and fair， with large eyes， plenty of soft， brown hair， a sweet mouth， and white hands， of which she was rather vain. Fifteen—year—old Jo was very tall， thin， and brown， and reminded one of a colt， for she never seemed to know what to do with her long limbs， which were very much in her way. She had a decided mouth， a comical nose， and sharp， gray eyes， which appeared to see everything， and was by turns fierce， funny， or thoughtful. Her long， thick hair was her one beauty， but it was usually bundled into a net， to be out of her way. Round shoulders had Jo， big hands and feet， a flyaway look to her clothes， and the uncomfortable appearance of a girl who was rapidly shooting up into a woman and didnt like it. Beth， as everyone called her was a rosy， smooth—haired， bright—eyed girl of thirteen， with a shy manner， a timid voice， and a peaceful expression which was seldom disturbed. Her father called her "Little Tranquility，" and the name suited her excellently， for she seemed to live in a happy world of her own， only venturing out to meet the few whom she trusted and loved. Amy， though the youngest， was a most important person in her own opinion at least. A regular snow maiden， with blue eyes， and yellow hair curling on her shoulders， pale and slender， and always carrying herself like a young lady mindful of her manners. What the characters of the four sisters were we will leave to be found out.
I love Meg for her being glad to impoverish for love， not enticed by the money. She did family teacher to help the family. I love Jo for her free and easy， likes her for the steadfast determination which she struggles for dream. She earns living expenses with aunt March and writes articles for the newspaper to gain the payment to increase the daily necessities to the family. I love Beth for her tranquil characteristic， doing anything without any complain. Like her good personal character which always considers for others， she loves music and feels shy with strangers， so she always does some housework with her mother at home. I also love Amy for her strong desire； she regard supporting the poor people as her own faith. She was interested in sketch. Though their idea and the destiny are various， they had all found their own love.
In their eyes， the family was not only the place of growth but also the holy refuge. They liked to hear their mothers instruction carefully； they created games by their clever brain and hands which can beautify the mind. Four sisters growth courses were as if an interest education poem. The author had shown us the humanitys great dear ones such as friendship and love with ordinary language. In my opinion， it will be the happiest matter if these four sisters can live with those who they love. They are all good person， if I can live with them， I think my left will become rich and colorful.
An old saying said that “three women can play a performance”， woman always have their own idea， if the idea has formed， and almost no one can change it. When women meet， if one talks her opinion about something， another one will give her opinion to the first one， then the argument will take place， let’s imagine， there were four women in one family， though they are sister， argument can’t avoid， it will be very interesting in the home.
From the novel， I have learned that we should keep hope for future and make great efforts to seek dream. I also have learned to cherish what you have had such as your parents， time and so on ，we should discover everyones merit but to take the colored eye to see others shortcoming.
Remember， whatever your goal is， you will get it if you are willing to do！
It is known to the entire world that Little Women by Louisa May Alcott is one of the representatives of feminist works. This paper analyzes feminism embodied in Josephine’s view on love in Little Women. In the introduction of the paper， I will talk about the background， literature review and my writing perspective. As for the body part， in Chapter one I will analyze Josephine’s character from many examples in the story； in Chapter two I will give a comprehensive analysis of Josephine’s view on love， which mainly covers the love choice she made and the reasons of the choice； in Chapter three， I will analyze feminism reflected form Josephine， including the aspiration for freedom， the desire for independence， and the worship of true love. In Chapter four， I will discuss the enlightments and limitations of Josephine’s feminism in modern times. At last in the conclusion， I will give a brief summary of this paper.
Even if having the small flaws， Little Women is still an undoubtedly great work. It put eyes on women’s growth， fights and efforts to realize the value of life in a patriarchal society. Even in today， it still has realistic values for modern girls to learn.
Through the daily lives of March sisters， Louisa drew a vivid picture of the life of temporal American pioneers， especially Jo. She impressed us by her goodness， honesty， insistence…and her precipitancy， rebellion… She’s like a close friend to us， and as well an inner spirit of us.
In order to get closer to this work， I’ve talked about the social background at that time， Louisa’s family history， literature review and the definition of feminism； and then to figure out the reasons of Jo’s choice， I’ve analyzed Jo’s personality， the process of Jo’s choice and the reasons of it， so I not only had a clearer impression of Jo， but also got a deeper understanding of her choice； at last in order to learn the feminist spirits from Jo， I discussed some extraordinary feminist qualities of Jo and got some constructive tips and suggestions about feminism for all the girls.
After finishing this work which is definitely a masterpiece in history， I’ve learned the importance of freedom， both physically and spiritually， without it， I think I even can’t live well； and also I’ve known the value of independence， there’s no one can accompany and help me forever， so being independent can make me live better and feed myself just on my own； last but not the least， I’ve also been reminded with the preciousness of true love which makes people truly happy from the bottom from the hearts.
Reading Little Women can be an enjoyable thing， to seek the peace in the blatant， and to seek an aim in the hesitation. We can learn so much from this book. Over a century passing by， the glory of this book doesn’t vanish， instead it becomes more excellent， and it connects people generation by generation.
《Little Women》tells the story of a march. Four sisters at home： the pursuit of noble， but who will take care of the eldest sister Meg，full of restlessness is concerned about the families of Joe Erjie， elegant but selfish Pode Amys selfless spirit and the need to have Beths family. Their mother， Marge is the kind of wife， father， Mr. Ma Qi army soldiers. Such a boy and their neighbor Laurie， Laurie，MrLawrences grandfather， aunt Marchi， as well as friends that have occurred around the home such as the diary as a simple story， but a thought—provoking show of affection， friendship， love. The book is a display of pieces of warm sweet picture of family life， sing the praises of eternal love， touched the hearts of countless and downs， warm and sweet life and destiny， pure emotion， deeply attracted me. A strong， content， full of hope for the future of my four from the heroines learned. The United States and Georgia， Joe， Beth， Amy them a strong， optimistic spirit of storage I heart.
From their body， I learned how strong and learned how to be contented， but I can not satisfy the need to learn to always be full of hope for the future and try to chase the dream of optimism. I also learned to cherish the double—owned， and so on do not know who died lost their commendable. We found that everyone should be careful not to bring the advantages of the colored eye can only see other peoples shortcomings .
Keep in mind that happiness is fundamental， has to be happy， even if the life of the poor than the rich do not happy the stronger and more！ Very often， when we have been dreaming of the things themselves， often forget their own original work and the pay is the most valuable and most admired. If we have forgotten， it will often lose themselves and choose to corrupt， if we are able to firmly keep in mind， we will be able to keep their own efforts to show that the rich and well—being. This is a life of wealth， career， emotional， such as the pursuit of truth， and not just in terms of a family. We would like to be able to bear this in mind， a rich and well—being.
《 Little Women 》is full of humanity the United States，， everyone is to the depths of the soul. The book looked at the growth of people， we can try to deal with the right side of the family， friendship， love， feel the emotions of people of the same age， feel the United States and human nature， the book is also the matter have taken place around us. On， in fact， very complicated， friendship， family， the respect of young and old. This book will tell us how the heart with a harvest of experience， feelings and deal with them and tried to march as one， for these， more an independent firm. Life on the road is bumpy， but as long as we have a firm belief that continued efforts will surely be a success！
这部小说[2]以家庭生活为描写对象，以家庭成员的感情纠葛为线索，描写了马奇一家的天伦之爱。马奇家的四姐妹中，无论是为了爱情甘于贫困的梅格，还是通过自己奋斗成为作家的乔，以及坦然面对死亡的贝思和以扶弱为己任的艾美，虽然她们的理想和命运都不尽相同，但是她们都具有自强自立的共同特点。描写了她们对家庭的眷恋；对爱的忠诚以及对亲情的渴望。 小妇人所有时代的少女成长过程中所要面对与经历的，都可以在这本书中找到：初恋的甜蜜和烦恼，感情与理智的差异，理想和现实的距离，贫穷与富有的矛盾。《小妇人》故事情节简单真实，却感人至深，问世一百多年以来，多次被搬上银幕，并被译成各种文字，成为世界文学宝库中的经典名作。书中描写的种种情感体验和生活经历，都曾经、正在并将要发生在每一个少女走向成熟的过程之中；书中提倡善良、忠诚、无私、慷慨、尊严、宽容、坚韧、勇敢、亦是人类永远尊崇和追求的美德和信仰。所有这些，赋予这本书超越时代和国度的生命力，这也正是她成为不朽的经典的魅力和原因所在。
当品读完一部作品后，相信你一定有很多值得分享的收获，不能光会读哦，写一篇读后感吧。那么我们如何去写读后感呢？以下是我为大家整理的小妇人英语读后感（通用6篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
Before I read this book， I had watched a cartoon movie made by Japan. So I have a strong interest on it. It all begins in the dead of winter； The Christmas Season. The coldest one of all， were the war has made fuel for heating very scarce. While her husband is off at war， Marmee is left alone to raise their four daughters： Jo， Meg， Beth， and Amy. On Christmas Eve， Marmee has just arrived home from passing out food to the less fortunate with a letter from her husband， the girls father.
The all gather together around the fire to read the letter. Afterwards， the girls are teary eyed. Marmee kisses them and they are off to bed. Jo is longing to become a writer. So， every night she stays up late writing the script for soap operas. As morning comes she is the last one awake.
The table is set， and food prepared for their Christmas feast. As dusk falls， the girls are all up in the attic acting out Jos play， which she reads from the local （fake） newspaper. As they are performing， their rich， next—door neighbors grandson watches from the window. The 2 oldest girls： Jo and Meg， get ready to attend the Christmas Ball. While Jo is curling Megs hair， there is a strange smell to the air.
Amy screams， Megs hair is being singed. They continue digging through the old clothes bin for a pair of white gloves. One of the prominent themes in Little Women is the coming of age or maturation of the girls. During the course of the novel we see them grow in many ways —— physically， intellectually， and especially emotionally.
One question which readers must ask themselves is whether the views the characters have on the coming of age process are shared by Alcott. If they arent， what are Alcotts views and how do they differ from those of the women in her story？
It is interesting to examine the last half of Chapter 20， "Confidential." Jo addresses the maturation issue as she speaks with Marmee of the situation between Meg and Mr. Brooke.
The possible love between these two represents one of the very important aspects in coming of age for a teenage girl. Jo treats this natural process as if it were some sort of disease， however. Jo cannot understand why Meg would want to stop behaving "like a sensible creature" （）， and refers to love as "such nonsense." This book tell me how to deal with the family affairs. We should know the love between the members.
Little woman" is an autobiography novel properties with the family， the author is American Alcott.
This book was written in four different character marches through their own kind of girl， hardworking and found myself happy story. Novels have dropped the ups and downs of the rock， no fascinating plot of suspense， but the author use si—mp—le language describes marges family love. Their kindness， love and affection loyalty to deeply touched me. The author describes the details of life is very ordinary， but everywhere to love， reveal the longing for a better life.
Marges girl although home， but they are poor in anything positive and optimistic attitude. They stressed the novel character and dignity， also show their self constraint， and become more independent of the four girls are common characteristics. They are constantly to find their own shortcomings and to correct. It is also worth everybody study.
I liked Meg， like her willingneto love， not for money poverty seduced by the character， like her fair maiden wind. I like Joe， like her， like her dream to strive for the firm determination. I like beth， like her quiet， do anything without complaining， like she always for others good moral character. I also like Amy， like her strong， the poor as Keats responsibility of poverty. They are not the same fate with the ideal， but they found a better ending.
In their opinion， home is their land and sacred shelter. They will listen carefully to the mothers teachings， will use his hands， intelligent nimble invented the brain to another creative mind and beautification of the game. Four sisters growth course is a rich taste of education. The author used neither luxuriant also not boring language shows us a great affection， human friendship and love. In my opinion， it seems that the four sisters， forever and their love and love their lives together is the happiest thing.
From them， I learned to strong， learn to understand content but cannot satisfy， I learned to hope for the future， and never to chasing the dream of optimism， I also learned mustdouble treasures have died， dont wait until they know lost. We should be careful that everyone has the advantages of not wear blinders only see the faults of others.
Meg， Joe， beth， Amy， they four strong， optimistic spirit will be stored in my heart. They smile will remain in my mind， reminding me： be strong， have a pure heart.
Little woman is an autobiography novel properties with the family， the author is American book was written in four different character marches through their own kind of girl， hardworking and found myself happy story.
Novels have dropped the ups and downs of the rock， no fascinating plot of suspense， but the author use simple language describes marge"s family love. Their kindness， love and affection loyalty to deeply touched me. The author describes the details of life is very ordinary， but everywhere to love， reveal the longing for a better "s girl although home， but they are poor in anything positive and optimistic attitude. They stressed the novel character and dignity， also show their self constraint， and become more independent of the four girls are common characteristics. They are constantly to find their own shortcomings and to correct.
It is also worth everybody liked Meg， like her willingness to love， not for money poverty seduced by the character， like her fair maiden wind. I like Joe， like her， like her dream to strive for the firm determination.
I like beth， like her quiet， do anything without complaining， like she always for others good moral character. I also like Amy， like her b， the poor as Keats responsibility of poverty. They are not the same fate with the ideal， but they found a better their opinion， home is their land and sacred shelter. They will listen carefully to the mother"s teachings， will use his hands， intelligent nimble invented the brain to another creative mind and beautification of the game. Four sisters growth course is a rich taste of education. The author used neither luxuriant also not boring language shows us a great affection， human friendship and love.
In my opinion， it seems that the four sisters， forever and their love and love their lives together is the happiest them， I learned to b， learn to understand content but cannot satisfy， I learned to hope for the future， and never to chasing the dream of optimism， I also learned mustdouble treasures have died， don"t wait until they know lost.
We should be careful that everyone has the advantages of not wear blinders only see the faults of ， Joe， beth， Amy， they four b， optimistic spirit will be stored in my heart. They smile will remain in my mind， reminding me： be b， have a pure heart.
Little Woman was written by American female writer Alcott. After reading this novel， I have some opinions about these four women.
The novel described four sisters in the March family； they were kind to each other and love each other， hardworking， stayed with neighbor Laurence friendly. Different disposition girls had found their own happy through their own goodness and industrious. The novel has not a fluctuation plot and fascinating suspension in a play， but the author described the happiness in March family with the simple language. Their good and kind， loyalty to love and family has left me a deep impression. The author only described very ordinary detail in the life， but reveals the love to the happy life expectation everywhere.
Although these girls born in a poor family， but they all had the positive attitude to any matter， the novel had laid emphasis on their individuality and the dignity， but also has displayed their self—expression restraint. Independently was these four girls’s common characteristic， they always keep discovering their own shortcoming and correct it as soon as possible which worth our learning. Look we， some people always make mistakes， but they always think that it is a small mistake； they don’t need to notice it， let it go. If every one like them， the society will become very awful， no rule can limit people’s behaviors， they can do anything they like.
These four girls are very different， let me introduce them， Meg， the eldest of the four， was sixteen， and very pretty， being plump and fair， with large eyes， plenty of soft， brown hair， a sweet mouth， and white hands， of which she was rather vain. Fifteen—year—old Jo was very tall， thin， and brown， and reminded one of a colt， for she never seemed to know what to do with her long limbs， which were very much in her way. She had a decided mouth， a comical nose， and sharp， gray eyes， which appeared to see everything， and was by turns fierce， funny， or thoughtful. Her long， thick hair was her one beauty， but it was usually bundled into a net， to be out of her way. Round shoulders had Jo， big hands and feet， a flyaway look to her clothes， and the uncomfortable appearance of a girl who was rapidly shooting up into a woman and didnt like it. Beth， as everyone called her was a rosy， smooth—haired， bright—eyed girl of thirteen， with a shy manner， a timid voice， and a peaceful expression which was seldom disturbed. Her father called her "Little Tranquility，" and the name suited her excellently， for she seemed to live in a happy world of her own， only venturing out to meet the few whom she trusted and loved. Amy， though the youngest， was a most important person in her own opinion at least. A regular snow maiden， with blue eyes， and yellow hair curling on her shoulders， pale and slender， and always carrying herself like a young lady mindful of her manners. What the characters of the four sisters were we will leave to be found out.
I love Meg for her being glad to impoverish for love， not enticed by the money. She did family teacher to help the family. I love Jo for her free and easy， likes her for the steadfast determination which she struggles for dream. She earns living expenses with aunt March and writes articles for the newspaper to gain the payment to increase the daily necessities to the family. I love Beth for her tranquil characteristic， doing anything without any complain. Like her good personal character which always considers for others， she loves music and feels shy with strangers， so she always does some housework with her mother at home. I also love Amy for her strong desire； she regard supporting the poor people as her own faith. She was interested in sketch. Though their idea and the destiny are various， they had all found their own love.
In their eyes， the family was not only the place of growth but also the holy refuge. They liked to hear their mothers instruction carefully； they created games by their clever brain and hands which can beautify the mind. Four sisters growth courses were as if an interest education poem. The author had shown us the humanitys great dear ones such as friendship and love with ordinary language. In my opinion， it will be the happiest matter if these four sisters can live with those who they love. They are all good person， if I can live with them， I think my left will become rich and colorful.
An old saying said that “three women can play a performance”， woman always have their own idea， if the idea has formed， and almost no one can change it. When women meet， if one talks her opinion about something， another one will give her opinion to the first one， then the argument will take place， let’s imagine， there were four women in one family， though they are sister， argument can’t avoid， it will be very interesting in the home.
From the novel， I have learned that we should keep hope for future and make great efforts to seek dream. I also have learned to cherish what you have had such as your parents， time and so on ，we should discover everyones merit but to take the colored eye to see others shortcoming.
Remember， whatever your goal is， you will get it if you are willing to do！
It is known to the entire world that Little Women by Louisa May Alcott is one of the representatives of feminist works. This paper analyzes feminism embodied in Josephine’s view on love in Little Women. In the introduction of the paper， I will talk about the background， literature review and my writing perspective. As for the body part， in Chapter one I will analyze Josephine’s character from many examples in the story； in Chapter two I will give a comprehensive analysis of Josephine’s view on love， which mainly covers the love choice she made and the reasons of the choice； in Chapter three， I will analyze feminism reflected form Josephine， including the aspiration for freedom， the desire for independence， and the worship of true love. In Chapter four， I will discuss the enlightments and limitations of Josephine’s feminism in modern times. At last in the conclusion， I will give a brief summary of this paper.
Even if having the small flaws， Little Women is still an undoubtedly great work. It put eyes on women’s growth， fights and efforts to realize the value of life in a patriarchal society. Even in today， it still has realistic values for modern girls to learn.
Through the daily lives of March sisters， Louisa drew a vivid picture of the life of temporal American pioneers， especially Jo. She impressed us by her goodness， honesty， insistence…and her precipitancy， rebellion… She’s like a close friend to us， and as well an inner spirit of us.
In order to get closer to this work， I’ve talked about the social background at that time， Louisa’s family history， literature review and the definition of feminism； and then to figure out the reasons of Jo’s choice， I’ve analyzed Jo’s personality， the process of Jo’s choice and the reasons of it， so I not only had a clearer impression of Jo， but also got a deeper understanding of her choice； at last in order to learn the feminist spirits from Jo， I discussed some extraordinary feminist qualities of Jo and got some constructive tips and suggestions about feminism for all the girls.
After finishing this work which is definitely a masterpiece in history， I’ve learned the importance of freedom， both physically and spiritually， without it， I think I even can’t live well； and also I’ve known the value of independence， there’s no one can accompany and help me forever， so being independent can make me live better and feed myself just on my own； last but not the least， I’ve also been reminded with the preciousness of true love which makes people truly happy from the bottom from the hearts.
Reading Little Women can be an enjoyable thing， to seek the peace in the blatant， and to seek an aim in the hesitation. We can learn so much from this book. Over a century passing by， the glory of this book doesn’t vanish， instead it becomes more excellent， and it connects people generation by generation.
《Little Women》tells the story of a march. Four sisters at home： the pursuit of noble， but who will take care of the eldest sister Meg，full of restlessness is concerned about the families of Joe Erjie， elegant but selfish Pode Amys selfless spirit and the need to have Beths family. Their mother， Marge is the kind of wife， father， Mr. Ma Qi army soldiers. Such a boy and their neighbor Laurie， Laurie，MrLawrences grandfather， aunt Marchi， as well as friends that have occurred around the home such as the diary as a simple story， but a thought—provoking show of affection， friendship， love. The book is a display of pieces of warm sweet picture of family life， sing the praises of eternal love， touched the hearts of countless and downs， warm and sweet life and destiny， pure emotion， deeply attracted me. A strong， content， full of hope for the future of my four from the heroines learned. The United States and Georgia， Joe， Beth， Amy them a strong， optimistic spirit of storage I heart.
From their body， I learned how strong and learned how to be contented， but I can not satisfy the need to learn to always be full of hope for the future and try to chase the dream of optimism. I also learned to cherish the double—owned， and so on do not know who died lost their commendable. We found that everyone should be careful not to bring the advantages of the colored eye can only see other peoples shortcomings .
Keep in mind that happiness is fundamental， has to be happy， even if the life of the poor than the rich do not happy the stronger and more！ Very often， when we have been dreaming of the things themselves， often forget their own original work and the pay is the most valuable and most admired. If we have forgotten， it will often lose themselves and choose to corrupt， if we are able to firmly keep in mind， we will be able to keep their own efforts to show that the rich and well—being. This is a life of wealth， career， emotional， such as the pursuit of truth， and not just in terms of a family. We would like to be able to bear this in mind， a rich and well—being.
《 Little Women 》is full of humanity the United States，， everyone is to the depths of the soul. The book looked at the growth of people， we can try to deal with the right side of the family， friendship， love， feel the emotions of people of the same age， feel the United States and human nature， the book is also the matter have taken place around us. On， in fact， very complicated， friendship， family， the respect of young and old. This book will tell us how the heart with a harvest of experience， feelings and deal with them and tried to march as one， for these， more an independent firm. Life on the road is bumpy， but as long as we have a firm belief that continued efforts will surely be a success！
细细品味一本名著后，你有什么体会呢？不妨坐下来好好写写读后感吧。那么如何写读后感才能更有感染力呢？以下是我整理的小妇人的英语读后感，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Little woman is an autobiography novel properties with the family, the author is American book was written in four different character marches through their own kind of girl, hardworking and found myself happy story.
Novels have dropped the ups and downs of the rock, no fascinating plot of suspense, but the author use simple language describes marge"s family love. Their kindness, love and affection loyalty to deeply touched me. The author describes the details of life is very ordinary, but everywhere to love, reveal the longing for a better "s girl although home, but they are poor in anything positive and optimistic attitude. They stressed the novel character and dignity, also show their self constraint, and become more independent of the four girls are common characteristics. They are constantly to find their own shortcomings and to correct.
It is also worth everybody liked Meg, like her willingness to love, not for money poverty seduced by the character, like her fair maiden wind. I like Joe, like her, like her dream to strive for the firm determination.
I like beth, like her quiet, do anything without complaining, like she always for others good moral character. I also like Amy, like her b, the poor as Keats responsibility of poverty. They are not the same fate with the ideal, but they found a better their opinion, home is their land and sacred shelter. They will listen carefully to the mother"s teachings, will use his hands, intelligent nimble invented the brain to another creative mind and beautification of the game. Four sisters growth course is a rich taste of education. The author used neither luxuriant also not boring language shows us a great affection, human friendship and love.
In my opinion, it seems that the four sisters, forever and their love and love their lives together is the happiest them, I learned to b, learn to understand content but cannot satisfy, I learned to hope for the future, and never to chasing the dream of optimism, I also learned mustdouble treasures have died, don"t wait until they know lost.
We should be careful that everyone has the advantages of not wear blinders only see the faults of , Joe, beth, Amy, they four b, optimistic spirit will be stored in my heart. They smile will remain in my mind, reminding me: be b, have a pure heart.
During the American Civil War, Mr. Madge went to the battlefield as chaplain, four daughters and her mother at home and lived a poor but strong and optimistic life. Although they were poor, they were willing to help Hummel, a neighbor who was more in need of help. Women have vanity, they want to get beautiful clothes, eat delicious food, live like a princess. Although full of fantasy, but in real life, they have been relying on their own efforts to solve all kinds of hardships in life. Meg was the eldest daughter of beauty, full of longing for love; the two daughter of Joe independent, determined to become a writer; three daughter Bess is a traditional girl, gentle and lovely little daughter Amy loves painting. The story follows the years when the four women grew up as young women, describing their uninhibited love experiences and their respective pursuit of different ideals and destination.
This is a book that looks very prosaic at the first glance. But when you go deep into it, you will be surprised to find that this book seems to be full of the shadow of yourself or some familiar people. To face and experience all the girls growing up in the age of the girl, can be found in this book: the first love and worry, differences between emotion and reason, the ideal and the reality, the contradiction between the rich and poor. The little woman has no plot of falling rocks and no suspense, but the author tells the familys love by simple words. Watching and watching, I can not help but cry for them, inspired by their experience, and even pray for their misfortune. Of course I was their humor laugh, they admire the courage to face difficulties...... Unconsciously, I felt like I was one of them, watching and thinking about the plot of my mind.
I like Meg, I like her love for poverty, not for money temptation character, like her lady style. I like Joe, I like her freedom, I love her unswerving determination to dream. I love Beth, love her quiet, do anything without complaining, she always love for others good character. I also like Amys belief that she is strong and regards poverty alleviation as the responsibility of poverty. Their ideals and fates are different, but they all find their best home.
In their view, the home is their growing place, but also a sacred refuge. They listened carefully to their mothers teachings, and used their smart hands and brains to invent another creative and beautiful mind game. The growth process of the four sisters seems to be an interesting educational poem. The author uses neither gorgeous nor boring language to show us the great family, friendship and love of human beings. It seems to me that in the eyes of the four sisters, it is the happiest thing in the world to live forever with the people they love and those who love them.
From them, I learned to be strong, learned to know contentment, but can not meet, I learned to be full of hope for the future, and strive to pursue the dream of optimism. I also learned to double treasure what I have, dont wait for death to lose, only to know their commendable. We should find out the advantages of everyone, not with colored eyes, but see the shortcomings of others.
Before I read this book, I had watched a cartoon movie made by Japan. So I have a strong interest on it. It all begins in the dead of winter; The Christmas Season. The coldest one of all, were the war has made fuel for heating very scarce. While her husband is off at war, Marmee is left alone to raise their four daughters: Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy. On Christmas Eve, Marmee has just arrived home from passing out food to the less fortunate with a letter from her husband, the girls father.
The all gather together around the fire to read the letter. Afterwards, the girls are teary eyed. Marmee kisses them and they are off to bed. Jo is longing to become a writer. So, every night she stays up late writing the script for soap operas. As morning comes she is the last one awake.
The table is set, and food prepared for their Christmas feast. As dusk falls, the girls are all up in the attic acting out Jos play, which she reads from the local (fake) newspaper. As they are performing, their rich, next-door neighbors grandson watches from the window. The 2 oldest girls: Jo and Meg, get ready to attend the Christmas Ball. While Jo is curling Megs hair, there is a strange smell to the air.
Amy screams, Megs hair is being singed. They continue digging through the old clothes bin for a pair of white gloves. One of the prominent themes in Little Women is the coming of age or maturation of the girls. During the course of the novel we see them grow in many ways -- physically, intellectually, and especially emotionally.
One question which readers must ask themselves is whether the views the characters have on the coming of age process are shared by Alcott. If they arent, what are Alcotts views and how do they differ from those of the women in her story?
It is interesting to examine the last half of Chapter 20, "Confidential." Jo addresses the maturation issue as she speaks with Marmee of the situation between Meg and Mr. Brooke.
The possible love between these two represents one of the very important aspects in coming of age for a teenage girl. Jo treats this natural process as if it were some sort of disease, however. Jo cannot understand why Meg would want to stop behaving "like a sensible creature" (), and refers to love as "such nonsense." This book tell me how to deal with the family affairs. We should know the love between the members.
Little woman" is an autobiography novel properties with the family, the author is American Alcott.
This book was written in four different character marches through their own kind of girl, hardworking and found myself happy story. Novels have dropped the ups and downs of the rock, no fascinating plot of suspense, but the author use si-mp-le language describes marges family love. Their kindness, love and affection loyalty to deeply touched me. The author describes the details of life is very ordinary, but everywhere to love, reveal the longing for a better life.
Marges girl although home, but they are poor in anything positive and optimistic attitude. They stressed the novel character and dignity, also show their self constraint, and become more independent of the four girls are common characteristics. They are constantly to find their own shortcomings and to correct. It is also worth everybody study.
I liked Meg, like her willingneto love, not for money poverty seduced by the character, like her fair maiden wind. I like Joe, like her, like her dream to strive for the firm determination. I like beth, like her quiet, do anything without complaining, like she always for others good moral character. I also like Amy, like her strong, the poor as Keats responsibility of poverty. They are not the same fate with the ideal, but they found a better ending.
In their opinion, home is their land and sacred shelter. They will listen carefully to the mothers teachings, will use his hands, intelligent nimble invented the brain to another creative mind and beautification of the game. Four sisters growth course is a rich taste of education. The author used neither luxuriant also not boring language shows us a great affection, human friendship and love. In my opinion, it seems that the four sisters, forever and their love and love their lives together is the happiest thing.
From them, I learned to strong, learn to understand content but cannot satisfy, I learned to hope for the future, and never to chasing the dream of optimism, I also learned mustdouble treasures have died, dont wait until they know lost. We should be careful that everyone has the advantages of not wear blinders only see the faults of others.
Meg, Joe, beth, Amy, they four strong, optimistic spirit will be stored in my heart. They smile will remain in my mind, reminding me: be strong, have a pure heart.
Little Women is a novel published in 1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. It was based on Alcotts own experiences as a child in Concord, Massachusetts with her three sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth. Little Women is the story of The Marches, a family used to hard toil and suffering. Although Father March is away with the union armies, the sisters Meg, Jo, Amy and Beth keep in high spirits with their mother, affectionately named Marmee. Their friendly gift of a Christmas holiday breakfast to a neighbouring family is an act of generosity rewarded with wealthy Mr. Laurences gift of a surprise Christmas feast. However, despite their efforts to be good, the girls show faults: the pretty Meg becomes discontented with the children she teaches; boyish Jo loses her temper regularly; while the golden-haired schoolgirl Amy is inclined towards affectation. However, Beth, who keeps the house is always kind and gentle.
After certain happy times winning over the Laurences, dark times arrive as Marmee finds out about her husbands illness. Worse is to come as Beth contracts scarlet fever in her Samaritan efforts for a sick neighbour and becomes more or lean invalid. The novel tells of their progreinto young womanhood with the additional strains of romance, Beths terminal illness, the pressures of marriage and the outside world. This is the story of their growing maturity and wisdom and the search for the contentedneof family life. It was written in 1867 and is a fictionalised biography of Alcott and her sisters. It has become a much loved classic tale and, while some of its issues seem outdated, many of the trials of the sisters are all too relevant today as evidenced by its continued following.
Before I read this book, I had watched a cartoon movie made by Japan. So I have a strong interest on it.
It all begins in the dead of winter; The Christmas Season. The coldest one of all, were the war has made fuel for heating very scarce. While her husband is off at war, Marmee is left alone to raise their four daughters: Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy.
On Christmas Eve, Marmee has just arrived home from passing out food to the less fortunate with a letter from her husband, the girls father. The all gather together around the fire to read the letter. Afterwards, the girls are teary eyed. Marmee kisses them and they are off to bed.
Jo is longing to become a writer. So, every night she stays up late writing the script for soap operas. As morning comes she is the last one awake. The table is set, and food prepared for their Christmas feast.
As dusk falls, the girls are all up in the attic acting out Jos play, which she reads from the local (fake) newspaper. As they are performing, their rich, next-door neighbors grandson watches from the window.
The 2 oldest girls: Jo and Meg, get ready to attend the Christmas Ball. While Jo is curling Megs hair, there is a strange smell to the air. Amy screams, Megs hair is being singed. They continue digging through the old clothes bin for a pair of white gloves.
One of the prominent themes in Little Women is the coming of age or maturation of the girls. During the course of the novel we see them grow in many ways -- physically, intellectually, and especially emotionally. One question which readers must ask themselves is whether the views the characters have on the coming of age process are shared by Alcott. If they arent, what are Alcotts views and how do they differ from those of the women in her story?
It is interesting to examine the last half of Chapter 20, "Confidential." Jo addresses the maturation issue as she speaks with Marmee of the situation between Meg and Mr. Brooke. The possible love between these two represents one of the very important aspects in coming of age for a teenage girl. Jo treats this natural process as if it were some sort of disease, however. Jo cannot understand why Meg would want to stop behaving "like a sensible creature" (), and refers to love as "such nonsense."
《Little Women》tells the story of a march. Four sisters at home: the pursuit of noble, but who will take care of the eldest sister Meg,full of restlessness is concerned about the families of Joe Erjie, elegant but selfish Pode Amys selfless spirit and the need to have Beths family. Their mother, Marge is the kind of wife, father, Mr. Ma Qi army soldiers. Such a boy and their neighbor Laurie, Laurie,MrLawrences grandfather, aunt Marchi, as well as friends that have occurred around the home such as the diary as a simple story, but a thought-provoking show of affection, friendship, love. The book is a display of pieces of warm sweet picture of family life, sing the praises of eternal love, touched the hearts of countless and downs, warm and sweet life and destiny, pure emotion, deeply attracted me. A strong, content, full of hope for the future of my four from the heroines learned. The United States and Georgia, Joe, Beth, Amy them a strong, optimistic spirit of storage I heart.
From their body, I learned how strong and learned how to be contented, but I can not satisfy the need to learn to always be full of hope for the future and try to chase the dream of optimism. I also learned to cherish the double-owned, and so on do not know who died lost their commendable. We found that everyone should be careful not to bring the advantages of the colored eye can only see other peoples shortcomings .
Keep in mind that happiness is fundamental, has to be happy, even if the life of the poor than the rich do not happy the stronger and more! Very often, when we have been dreaming of the things themselves, often forget their own original work and the pay is the most valuable and most admired. If we have forgotten, it will often lose themselves and choose to corrupt, if we are able to firmly keep in mind, we will be able to keep their own efforts to show that the rich and well-being. This is a life of wealth, career, emotional, such as the pursuit of truth, and not just in terms of a family. We would like to be able to bear this in mind, a rich and well-being.
《 Little Women 》is full of humanity the United States,, everyone is to the depths of the soul. The book looked at the growth of people, we can try to deal with the right side of the family, friendship, love, feel the emotions of people of the same age, feel the United States and human nature, the book is also the matter have taken place around us. On, in fact, very complicated, friendship, family, the respect of young and old. This book will tell us how the heart with a harvest of experience, feelings and deal with them and tried to march as one, for these, more an independent firm. Life on the road is bumpy, but as long as we have a firm belief that continued efforts will surely be a success!