浅谈中英文化差异新教学大纲规定，九年义务教育初中英语教学的目的是培养学生运用英语进行交际的初步能力。英语考试也逐渐向这个方向靠拢。每种语言都背负着其民族的历史、文化。要谈到英语教学就不能回避中英文化的差异问题。（一）中英文化存在的一些差异一、从词汇的文化负载中看差异词汇中往往负载着许多文化内涵。如在中国虎代表的是百兽之王，词汇中常常出现将门虎子、虎踞龙蟠、虎虎生威等词语。但在英语中虎的地位被狮子所代替。如英国的别称以及前段时间播映的动画片《狮子王》。又如狗在中文中多含贬义：狗腿子、狗奴才等；而在英国文化中狗是人类最忠实的朋友。再如力大如牛（译成：as strong as horse）、a busybody并非大忙人而是“好管闲事的人”、black tea并非黑茶而是红茶、黄色书刊不是yellow book而是dirty book……；因而如果根据字面直译就会闹出大笑话。二、从姓名及称谓中看差异1、结构形式上的差异我们知道，姓名由姓（Family name）与名（Given name）组成。英国人的排列方式是名（Given name）＋姓（Family name）而中国人的却与之相反是姓（Family name）＋名（Given name）。为什么会存在着这种差异呢？这与两个国家人民的价值观念有关。由于相较而言英国封建制度存在的时间较短，资本主义发展得较早，尤其是文艺复兴时期宣扬个人主义至上的思想，崇尚以个人为中心深深地影响了英国人。因此这个国家的国民具有强烈的个体本位主义，反映在名字上就出现了名在前的形式。而我们中国具有漫长的封建历史，儒家思想根深蒂固。强调中庸之道，反对个人主义。最重视的是家族的传承，体现的是一种群体本位主义。由此出现了将家族标识－姓放在前面而代表个人的名放在后的形式。2、姓氏使用的差异由于我国早在远古姓氏出于图腾，进入封建社会后常以出生地、封地、官职、封号等作为姓氏的来源，将姓作为一种荣誉。因此在姓氏的选择和使用上显得极为谨慎和谦恭。而英国人却在姓名的使用上充分显示了其自我、自由的特征。有人以职业为名，如：Cook库克（厨师）；有人以家庭关系为名，如：Johnson约翰逊Jackson杰克逊；有人以天气、季节为名：Snow斯诺（雪）Frost梅弗罗斯特（霜）、Summer萨默（夏天）；有人以圣经人物为名：Bible拜布尔（圣经）；以长相为名：Strong斯特朗（强壮的）、Longfellow朗费罗（大个子）；以神话人物为名：Apllo阿波罗（太阳神）、Hymen海门（婚姻之神）、Mars马尔斯（战神）；以动、植物名称为名：Bull布尔（公牛）、Wolf沃尔夫（狼）Rose罗斯（玫瑰花）；有的以日期为名：May梅（五月）、Sunday森迪（星期日）；以物体名称为名：Stone斯通（石头）、House豪斯（房屋）等林林总总，形形色色，不论美丑。有姓驼背的、有姓坏蛋的、有姓胖、姓瘦的、有叫教堂，有叫灌木（Bush）的……因而我们在翻译英国人姓名时往往用音译而不用直译法。而在取名时又存在着一个更大的差异，那就是在中国社会中子孙及其他位卑者要避尊者讳，不能直呼长辈及位尊者的名讳。例如：唐太宗名李世民，结果观世音菩萨也被改名为观音菩萨；唐朝诗人白居易一生不咏海棠只是因为他的母亲名为海棠。而在英语国家长辈则以子孙使用自己的名字为荣，于是出现了类似查理一世、查理二世的称谓，以及爷孙同名的事来。3、称呼上的差异在非正式场合、平辈人中英两国人都喜欢相互以名字来称呼以示亲密。但在上下辈中的称呼上，就存在着较大的差异。在中国人中需要严守上下辈分的差别，对长辈要用尊称不能直呼其名；在英语国家中则不一定严格照此实行，在非正式场合中或双方关系较为密切的情况下，则常以名字来相互称呼，对父母、师长、领导、长辈等均是如此。常常出现对父母直呼其名的情况。在对亲戚的称呼中，中国人分得很细而英语国家则是较为粗略。例如：uncle一词的中文含义就有伯伯、叔叔、舅舅既有有血缘关系的也有无血缘关系的，是个统称。这与两个国家人民的家族观念有着很深的关系。此外，中国人喜欢以职务和身份来称呼，如王老师、老王等；而英语国家则不会如此，如王老师－Mr./Miss/Mrs Wang 而不叫Teacher Wang（但在我们初中人教版教材中就曾出现这种错误）。语言是一种工具，由于社会的发展必然出现一些新的词汇，而留心身边日常生活中出现的英语词汇是十分必要的。如：E-mail(电子邮件) teletext(图文电视)homepage(主页) mobile telephone(移动电话)……三、日常交谈规则习惯由于我们日常对语言的听说能力注重得还是不够，尤其是对某些词句在具体语境中如何运用仍没有引起足够的重视。故而在实际运用中常常出现使用了一些句子无论是从语法角度来说还是从语言角度来说并没什么问题的句子但却与英语国家的风俗习惯不相符或是想当然地套用一些母语的语言形式即通常所说的Chinese English，犯一些令人啼笑皆非的错误来。举几个例子来说明。例如：1、对赞扬和感谢的反应就存在着有趣的差异。中国人将自谦当作一种美德，因而在遇到外国人的赞扬与感谢时，外国人说：You did so well. 中国人的第一反应就是：Oh,no.或是Well,just so so.而这一反应将引来赞美者的不快。正确的回答应是：Thank 、电话的开场白上的差异Hello, this is May speaking. Is that Mary?这是英语中一个简单的电话开场白。中文意义为：您好，我是梅。你是玛丽吗？这里就不能简单地运用中文想当然地用上I am和Are you的句式。3、其他差异对于中国人来说纯粹属于自己的隐私似乎没有，而英国人却极为重视个人隐私。中国人见面喜欢问的年龄、收入、婚姻家庭状况等问题在英国人看来是让人极其恼火的事情。对于这种问题的答案往往是：It’s none of your business.(这不关你的事。)还有一些习惯用法。如：圣诞快乐应为Merry Christmas而不是Happy Christmas同样是快乐不能通用仅仅是因为习惯而已（初中英语沿海版教材中就曾出现这一错误）。当然，作为分析性语言的中文与作为综合性语言的英语在语法上还存在着相当大的差别。在这里就不详细说明了。（二）如何在教学中解决这些问题浅谈中英文化的差异的意义在于：由于存在差异，我们的母语－中文势必对我们学习英语产生一些负迁移作用，如何通过了解差异，在教学中 避免母语产生的负面影响提高学习效率？主要做好以下两点工作：首先，在搞好英语日常教学的基础上，有目的地在教学中渗透一些交际文化背景。可以让学生进行一些辅助性的课外阅读，或组织英语原声电影、录像、VCD的观看，运用网络，通过一些有声的无声的，有形的无形的，字面的形象的社会文化内涵渗透到学生心中，让学生尽可能地触摸到最原汁原味的英语世界。其次，为学生提供尽可能多的练习机会。在课堂上用纯英语教学，创造一些英语听说氛围。通过创造模拟情景，鼓励学生大胆开口实践，使学生身临其境反复练习，形成良好的英语语感，增强学生在实践中的应对能力。总之，在英语教学中忽视中英文化差异的教学将会直接影响到教学质量，影响学生交际应用能力的提高。唯有注重提高学生对语言背后所蕴含的文化背景、社会知识的了解，才能真正让学生在语言学习运用中立于不败之地。最终达到学习的目的。
中英饮食差异中文 中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。美味佳肴放在一桌人的中心，它既是一桌人欣赏、品尝的对象，又是一桌人感情交流的媒介物。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽然从卫生的角度看，这种饮食方式有明显的不足之处，但它符合我们民族“大团圆”的普遍心态，反映了中国古典哲学中“和”这个范畴对后代思想的影响，便于集体的情感交流，因而至今难以改革。 西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比，那么可以说，中式宴席好比是集体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式宴会交谊的目的都很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之间的交谊。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。 所以，归根结底还是感性与理性之间的差异。但是，这种差异似乎在随着科学的发展而变的模糊。越来越多的中国人以不再只注重菜的色、香、味，而更注重它的卫生与营养了。尤其是在经历了非典以后。还有，人们因为越来越繁忙的工作，觉得中餐做起来太麻烦，不如来个汉堡方便等。这样一来在饮食上差异也就不太分明了。 ENGLISH Center the western diet way has very greatly differently, thiskind of difference is also influential to the national disposition. InChina, any banquet, no matter is any goal, all only can have one kindof form, is everybody sits in a circle all round, shares. The banquetmust use the round table, this formally has created one kind ofunity, politeness, altogether the interest atmosphere. The delicacydelicacies put on table of people's centers, it not only is the objectwhich table of people appreciates, tastes, also is a table of peoplesentiments exchange intermedium. The people mutually propose a toast,mutually offer food to a guest, urge the vegetable, in front of thehappy thing, has manifested the moral excellence which between thepeople mutually respects, gives precedence out of courtesy. Althoughlooked from the hygienic angle, this diet way has the obviousdeficiency, but it conforms to our nationality "the happy ending" theuniversal point of view, had reflected in the Chinese classicalphilosophy "and" this category to the descendant thought influence, isadvantageous for the collective emotion exchange, thus until now withdifficulty reforms. Western-style banquets, food and liquor although count for much, butin fact that takes the set-off. The banquet core lies in thefriendship, through with the adjacent seat visitor's betweenconversation, achieves the friendship the goal. If and the danceresembles the banquet friendship compared to, then may say, theChinese type banquet is just like is a group dance, but thewestern-style banquet is just like is men's and women's socialdancing. Thus it can be seen, the Chinese type banquet and thewestern-style banquet friendship goal very is all obvious, onlyChinese type banquet more terrains now complete meal friendship, butthe western-style banquet manifests much between the neighboringguest's friendship. Is the western popular buffet is more obviouswhich with the Chinese diet way difference. This law is: Will possessfood 11 to exhibit, everybody 各取所需, will not need to fix onthe seat eats, takes a walk the freedom, this way will be advantageousfor between individual emotion exchange, will not will certainly allspeeches to suspend on the tabletop, also has displayed the westernperson to the individuality, to the self- respect. But respectivelyeats each, mutually did not harass, lacks some Chinese to chat thehappy altogether happy affective tone. Therefore, in the final analysis or between perceptual and rationaldifference. But, this kind of difference as if in the fuzziness whichchanges along with the science development. More and more many Chineseby no longer only pay great attention to the vegetable the color, thefragrance, the taste, but paid great attention to its health and thenutrition. In has experienced after in particular the non- , the people because of the more and more busy work, thought theChinese meal starts too troubles, was inferior to Hamburg facilitatesand so on. Then the difference not too was also distinct in the diet. 论文
1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史，无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧，都起源于民间，并与原始人祭祀神灵，欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史，它发展快，成就高，在世界上的影响很... 类别：毕业论文 大小：95 KB 日期：2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临，中国与外界的交流越来越频繁，特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界，如同一个大家庭，参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因，各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别：毕业论文 大小：96 KB 日期：2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征：儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗，宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰，以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线，在思想上追求人格的完美，以“谦谦君... 类别：毕业论文 大小：90 KB 日期：2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：88 KB 日期：2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来，中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区，礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响，目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别：毕业论文 大小：85 KB 日期：2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年，西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化；西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天，中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别：毕业论文 大小：100 KB 日期：2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天，旅游业风风火火地发展起来了，作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来，且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世，这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机，但世界上酒店发展规模空前，...
Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。
Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。
隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions : metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.
The information revolution, the development of mass media and the achievements in science and technology have doubtlessly ushered us in a rapidly progressing society, where we may have no time to talk about our traditional culture. In the city, no one can escape from the fast eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized "fast food" culture. Since we get so used to such fast things that many traditional things have been neglected, some people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost, but I think it will never be entertainments are in abundance nowadays, traditional cultures still continue to still regard going to a concert as a luxury. Many classic books touch a string from generation to generation in spite of time and we are still moved by the inspirational spirits of our great festivals remind us of our disposition to the traditional culture. Our relief in traditional culture gets ready to revive at any some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have come up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost,more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world. The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well is no need to worry about whether our traditional culture will be lost. It is an important heritage of the whole human race. No culture, no mankind. We cherish the traditional culture as we cherish our blood in our body. The traditional culture lies in life, forever continuing.信息革命，大众传播媒介的发展和科学技术的成就，无疑迎来了一个迅速恶化的社会里，我们可能没有时间来谈论我们的传统文化我们。在城市里，没有人能逃脱从快速吃快餐的普及推广，享受“快餐”文化。由于我们习惯于这样快，很多传统的东西被忽视的事情，有些人认为，传统文化将逐渐流失，但我觉得它永远不会被娱乐丰富的今天，传统文化依然继续仍然认为要作为一个豪华演唱会。许多经典书籍触摸一代又一代的字符串尽管在时间和但我们仍会受到我们伟大精神感动鼓舞人心的节日提醒我们处理我们的传统文化。我们在传统文化得到救济随时准备恢复一些传统文化的衰落是，我们已采取积极措施，以保护他们t�6�7�6�。专家们想出了这种文化的保护适当的意见。许多志愿者都已经投入到学习他们。首先，越来越多的人已经看出了传统文化的重要性。因此，我们相信我们的努力将导致一个辉煌一种文化要想获得永恒的生命，就应该改变自己，以应付在其年龄的人。我们的传统文化也是如此。秉承传统文化现代化的手段出现严格。例如，我们为古典音乐CD，以便它不仅能满足当代的需求�6�7�6�7，而且在现代世界的传播进一步，更加成功。对传统文化的改变外观，但本质永远不会改变，并能得到充分无需担心是否我们的传统文化都将丢失。这是对整个人类的重要遗产。没有文化，没有人类。我们珍惜我们的传统文化，珍惜我们在我们的身体的血液。传统文化就是在生活中，
The information revolution, the development of mass media and the achievements in science and technology have doubtlessly ushered us in a rapidly progressing society, where we may have no time to talk about our traditional culture. In the city, no one can escape from the fast pace. We eat the popularized fast food and enjoy the popularized "fast food" culture. Since we get so used to such fast things that many traditional things have been neglected, some people believe that the traditional culture will gradually be lost, but I think it will never be lost. Although entertainments are in abundance nowadays, traditional cultures still continue to dominate. We still regard going to a concert as a luxury. Many classic books touch a string from generation to generation in spite of time and space. And we are still moved by the inspirational spirits of our great festivals remind us of our disposition to the traditional culture. Our relief in traditional culture gets ready to revive at any time. To some traditional cultures that are on decline, we have taken active measures to conserve them. Experts have e up with proper advice on protecting such cultures. Many volunteers have dedicated themselves to studying them. First and foremost,more and more people have discerned the importance of the traditional culture. Therefore, we are sure that our efforts will lead to a brilliant future. If a culture wants to gain an eternal life, it should change itself to cater to the people in its age. So does our traditional culture. Traditional cultures adhering to modern means appear rigorous. For example, we make CDs for classic music so that it can not only meet modern needs but also spread further and more successfully in the modern world. The appearance of traditional culture changes, but the essence will never change and will be well accepted. There is no need to worry about whether our traditional culture will be lost. It is an important heritage of the whole human race. No culture, no mankind. We cherish the traditional culture as we cherish our blood in our body. The traditional culture lies in life, forever continuing.。
Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups. Fifty-six different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese national family. Because the Han people accounts for more than niy percent of China's population, the remaining fifty-five groups are generally referred to as "ethnic minorities." Next to the majority Han, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, and Uygur peoples prise the largest ethnic groups. Although China's ethnic minorities do not account for a large portion of the population, they are distributed over a vast area, residing in every corner of since the implementation of China's opening and reform policy, the central government has increased investment in minority areas and accelerated their opening to the outside world. This has resulted in an upsurge of economic development in these areas. Each of China's ethnic minority groups possesses a distinctive culture. The Chinese government respects minority customs, and works to preserve, study, and collate the cultural artifacts of China's ethnic minority groups. The government vigorously supports the development of minority culture and the training of minority cultural workers, and fosters the development of traditional minority relation among China's ethnic groups can be described as "overall integration, local concentration, mutual interaction." Concentrations of ethnic minorities reside within predominantly Han areas, and the Han people also reside in minority areas, indicating that there has been extensive exchanges among China's ethnic groups since ancient times. With the development of the market economy, interaction among ethnic groups has bee even more active in the areas of government, economics, culture, daily life, and marriage. Linked by interdependence, mutual assistance, and joint development, their mon goals and interests creating a deep sense of solidarity, China's ethnic groups resemble a great national family, together building Chinese civilization.。
这些东西都可以再网上查到！关于长城的传说 In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture. Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners. Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the pletion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass. In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never *** iled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King's subjects, and might make the queen *** ile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si *** iled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end. Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread. 历史 No one can tell precisely when the building of the Great Wall was started but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty. Late in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), the ducal states extended the defence work and built "great" structures to prevent the attacks from other states. It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls, constructed by the states of Qin, Yan and Zhao kingdoms, were connected to form a defensive system on the northern border of the country by Emperor Qin Shi Huang (also called Qin Shi Huangdi by westerners or the First Emperor). After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the wall. It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Linzhao (in the eastern part of today's Gansu Province) in the west to Liaodong (in today's Jilin Province) in the east. The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor. From the Qin Dynasty onwards, Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China, frequently harassed the northern border of the country. During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu (Han Wu Di), sent three expeditions to fight against the 。
关于长城的传说
In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has bee the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.
Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu's story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu's story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu's bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu's hu *** and Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she discovered that her hu *** and had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese moners.
Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard wo
Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world's oldest and most plex civilizations. China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement. Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, monalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confuciani *** and Taoi *** . Confuciani *** was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia. Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political anization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers rejected China's cultural legacy, while others sought to bine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures。
Our country is an old country with about five thousand years history so it has been attracting so many foreign tourists or students to e here to explore our history. Unlike other countries, China has experienced many dynasties and its culture has spread home and abroad . In terms of character, it has developed so much that we can hardly grasp every one of them though we are Chinese, let alone foreigners. So this has made so many foreigners much interested in it . Chinese Kun-fu is also impressive in the world .。
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may e to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confuciani *** is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength es from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confuciani *** (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意，尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。由于功夫，他们可能来到中国，学习了解中国文化的其他方面，比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族的文化和中国文化的特色。韩国和日本很早就把儒教等观念引进了他们的社会当中。甚至在被流行文化冲击的今天，儒教的影响也一直在延续。这种力量来自“四书”（《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》）中的思想。这些书是依照“五经”之中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。西方人从中了解到了诸如风水等中国所特有的文化概念。中国已经通过向其他国家派遣文化使者并在美国、欧洲等地建立中国文化中心来进一步推广中国文化。
Chinese Knot or Chinese traditional decorating Knot is a kind of characteristic folk decorations of handicraft art. Appeared in ancient time, developed in Tang and Song Dynasty (.)and popularized in Ming and Qing Dynasty (.) Chinese Knot has now bee a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts from its original practical use.
The characteristic of Chinese Knot is that every knot is made of a single rope and named by its specific form and meaning. By bining different knots or other auspicious adornments（吉祥的装饰品） skillfully, an unique auspicious ornament which represents beauty, idea and wishes is formed. For example, "Full of joy". "Happiness & Longevity", "Double Happiness". "Luck and Auspiciousness as one wishes" and "Wish you a fair wind" are Chinese traditional pleasant phrases expressing warmest regards, best wishes and finest ideal.
To fit in with the needs of modern life, Chinese Knot has various products. The o main series are auspicious hanging and knitting clothing adornment. Auspicious hanging includes large tapestry, big room hanging, automobile hanging etc. Knitting clothing adornment includes ring, eardrop, hand chain, necklace and other woman's special adornments.
Today, people are fond of Chinese Knot for its characteristic form, colorfulness and profound meaning.
Chinese traditional culture is the fundamental creativity of the achievements of Chinese civilization and the overall form of moral inheritance, various cultural thoughts and spiritual ideas in the history of the nation. Chinese traditional culture, according to the order of the great series of Chinese history, experienced the Chao, Suiren, Fuxi, Shennong , Huangdi , Yao, Shun, Yu and other times, to the establishment of the Xia Dynasty. After the continuous development to this day. Chinese traditional culture is mainly composed of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. The traditional culture is not only profound and mellow, but also extensive in content. More importantly, the Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist cultures promote morality and provide the people with the code of conduct and the ultimate spiritual destination. Confucianism takes benevolence and righteousness as the core and respects the Confucianists of the past dynasties; Taoism takes conforming to nature as the core; Buddhism takes compassion, great love and liberation as the core, emphasizing "all evil do not do, all good practice ".All kinds of art (such as painting, sculpture, calligraphy, drama, festival, etc.) derived from the three cultures of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are their concrete forms of expression.
Culture - About China这个网里有关于中国传统文化的：）~ 这里面有中文一些出名的文化英文介绍，对你应该有些帮助：）~~
中国作为世界四大文明古国之一，令亿万中华儿女值得骄傲和自豪的是，中华文明历经数千载，经历多次朝代更迭和外族入侵，却是世界上唯一一个没有中断的文明。中国的传统文化也饱经沧桑，虽在某些短暂的历史时期内有所中断，在不同的历史时期或多或少地有所改变，但是大体上没有中断过，总的来说变化不大。下面是传承中国传统文化论文3篇，供大家借鉴参考。传承中国传统文化论文第一篇：新媒体环境下汉中传统文化遗产的现代转化探析摘要：在新媒体时代的背景下，探索新媒体技术支持下中国传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展成为当下研究热点。本文以汉中地区为切入点，借助新媒体技术，探讨汉中历史文化遗产的现代转化与传承的问题。分析汉中地区的经典成语故事、古代文学作品、传统戏剧、以及传统手工艺的数字化创新与传播，探索实现中国传统文化的现代转化与传承，提升文化软实力，增强公众的民族情怀与人文素养的有效路径。关键词：新媒体; 中国传统文化; 汉中历史文化遗产; 现代化转化与传承;1 研究背景传统文化的现代转化，其意义就在于对传统文化进行新时期背景下的创造性转化和创新性发展。“人类文明发展的历史证明：人们只有在已有的传统的基础上对其进行创造性的转化和创新性的发展，传统和传统文化才能承承相因、继往开来、与时俱进、发扬光大。”[1]“历史是人民创造的，传统文化是人民辛勤工作和智慧的结晶。我们必须从历史的延续和文化发展的继承出发，在继承和借鉴的基础进行创新。”[2]因此，对传统文化进行现代化转化，既是一种责任，也是一种担当，同时也是历史和时代赋予我们的一种使命。新媒体是一种新生的媒体形式，它是继传统的报刊、广播、户外、电视后出现的“第五媒体”。其功能强大，主要借助于当今发达且成熟的数字技术和网络技术、移动网络、区域无线网等技术渠道以及互联网、电脑、智能手机、平板电脑电视的终端，实现海量信息资讯和娱乐体系的在线共享。新媒体技术使得信息的发布者、传播者和接收者实现了平等和对等，人们既可以发布和传播信息，也可以接收和享用信息，并与周围的人和事物以及世界实现互动。“新媒体的特征具有交互性与即时性，海量性与共享性，多媒体与超文本，个性化与社群化。”[3]新时期，保护和传承好中国传统文化，尤其是历史文化遗产，成为了一项重要的历史性任务。将新媒体技术与中国传统文化的现代转化结合起来，使得两者相辅相成，对传统文化的传承与保护有着重要意义。2 汉中地区历史文化遗产简介“截止到2011年6月，汉中已经拥有国家级名录6项，省级名录39项，市级名录59项。这些非物质文化遗产分布广泛，种类多样，既有体现历史文化的故事传说及民间戏曲，又有贴近百姓生活的各种民俗活动。”[4]其中比较知名的有蔡伦造纸传说、洋县佛教音乐、镇巴民歌、汉调桄桄、洋县架花焰火技艺、洋县悬台社火等，两汉三国时期遗存下来的历史文化资源和民俗丰富了汉中的地方传统文化，在新媒体环境下急需借助新媒体传播平台进行现代转换与传承。3 汉中地方传统文化新媒体形式的现代转化与传承(1）汉中经典成语故事及传说新媒体形式的转化与传承。成语故事，是中国传统文化中的璀璨一页。每一个成语的背后，都包含着一段令人回味的历史烟云，其中蕴含着很丰富的人文哲理与生活经验。汉中历史悠久，两汉三国历史文化比较丰富，在几千年的历史发展中，流传下了许多耳熟能详、脍炙人口的成语故事及历史传说，比如，明修栈道、暗渡陈仓、萧何月下追韩信、一人得道鸡犬升天、张骞故事传说、廉泉让水、褒姒传说等。对经典成语故事及传说进行整理和编排，标注拼音，制作成为电子书样式，并配上真人语音以及名家讲读的音频；还可制作成幻灯片PPT的形式，配上相应的图片，如果条件允许则可使用GIF动态图片，这样更具吸引力。此外，将文化典故以动画的方式进行呈现，或制作音频节目，将文本转化为音视频以满足受众群体的多样化需求，借助手机APP在线功能推广和宣传，实现文化的活态传承。(2）汉中地区传统手工技艺新媒体形式的转化与传承。千百年来，中国的传统工艺与人民的生产、生活紧密结合在一起。通过工具与材料，人们将对自然、社会、人生的经验和认识，以相对稳定的造型、图式、技艺和文化等要素凝结在器物之中。[5]中国传统工艺是中华文化的重要组成部分，它蕴含着丰厚的文化底蕴，是国家和民族的宝贵文化遗产。由于拥有悠久的历史文化积淀和氛围，汉中本地保留下来了一些传统的手工技艺，例如，汉中面皮的制作技艺、蔡伦造纸工艺、汉中张氏摩崖石刻拓印技艺、洋县蓑衣编制技艺、城固泥塑、洋县架火烟花、谢村黄酒酿造技艺、西乡松花蛋制作技艺等。这些丰富多彩的地方手工技艺急需得到关注和保护。在今天这个网络信息技术高度发达、大众传媒蓬勃发展的新时期，可以借助网络媒体的传播方式来进行宣传与推广，使传统技艺能够被广大的人们所认知和了解。因此，对汉中本土传统手工技艺进行视频加工，将诸如蔡伦造纸技艺、汉中面皮、谢村黄酒的制作过程完整的拍摄记录下来，对其中的加工环节进行细致和完美的展现，能够引发受众的感知欲和好奇心。通过拍摄纪录片或微电影形式，配以优美动听的背景音乐，让观众在观赏这些传统手工技艺的同时，还能感受到一种心灵的愉悦与放松，体味传统文化的魅力。(3）汉中传统民俗文化和民俗活动新媒体形式的转化与传承。历经千秋的历史典故，家喻户晓的民俗活动，见证了汉中地区历史的进步和人们思想意识的开放，相比陕南地区其他区域所特有的自然风光，汉中地区的民俗文化更具有独特的地位和作用。首先是汉中的民俗文化，即在汉中境内的民间地区所形成和保留下来的民间艺术，例如汉调桄桄、镇巴民歌、洋县佛教音乐、端公戏等。进行新媒体形式的转化，可以请一些老艺人和技术成熟、经验丰富的民间艺术家进行现场演绎，通过现场录制和后期制作的方式形成音视频作品，通过各大视频媒体以及网络平台进行投送，也可以由当地政府着手操作，在地方台以及各大公共场所的LED屏幕上进行滚动循环播放。其次是汉中的民俗活动，汉中的民俗活动多种多样、种类丰富，如南郑协税社火高跷、南郑新集采莲船表演、略阳羌族羊皮鼓舞、洋县杖头木偶戏、洋县悬台社火、老君庙会、春官说春发放春贴、勉县武侯墓清明祭祀活动等。这些精彩纷呈的传统民俗活动展示了汉中民间文化的独特魅力，要对其进行新媒体形式的转化与传播，可以借助一些官方和非官方网络进行传播，充分挖掘民间传播的力度。例如，可以邀请知名视频网站的主播，比如哔哩哔哩、Ac Fun、斗鱼、抖音等，现场参与活动并进行实时直播与互动，借助主播个人的影响力和自媒体视频平台的强大扩散力，可以吸引更多的关注度，让更多的人了解到汉中独具特色的民俗活动。此外，借助微信，建立汉中民俗活动的公益性宣传公众号，向广大的在线用户进行推送，有一定的宣传与展示效果。(4)VR技术与汉中文化旅游景点的线上结合。虚拟现实技术是一种可以创建和体验虚拟世界的计算机仿真系统，它利用计算机生成一种模拟环境，是一种交互式的三维动态视景和实体行为的系统仿真，能使用户沉浸到环境中。除了非物质文化遗产，汉中还拥有着丰富的物质文化遗产，即各种文化旅游景点。其中，两汉三国时期的石门栈道、古汉台、拜将坛、饮马池、武侯墓、张良庙等。需要政府投入一定的资金，聘请专业的技术团队，对这些文化旅游景点进行精准的测绘，然后通过计算机进行3D立体建模，建立线上文化博物馆。还可在城市内的各大公共场所建立市文化旅游景点的VR体验馆，广大市民和外地游客不用亲临景区，借助VR设备，进行在线漫游，体验立体沉浸式虚拟游览，并能与景点内的物体进行互动，从而获得立体式全感官的综合性体验。这种新的游览方式与以往的游客进入景区实地游玩体验相比，在保持景点全部区域各种参数与信息完整收录与提供的同时，还降低了参与体验的门槛，能够让游客获得多倍的感受与身心的全面满足，充分体现人性化的思维与设计理念。4 结束语本文主要探讨了新媒体时代背景下汉中历史文化遗产的转化与传承的可行性策略，提出借助在线网络媒体技术和各种视频平台，以及VR技术，对各种类型的文化遗产进行视频化和立体化的制作的发展路径。此设想的实现需要政府的帮助与支持，加大新媒体传播的力度，使汉中的文化遗产的传承和保护得到普及并深入人心。参考文献[1] 吴增礼，王梦琪.中华优秀传统文化创造性转化与创新性发展的维度和限度[J].湖南大学学报（社会科学版），2020,34(01):1-7.[2] 侍舒玮.中国传统文化现代转化论——推进社会主义核心价值观建设[J].戏剧之家，2019(12):219+221.[3] 张婕，苗思雨，逯鹏祥，等.新媒体时代传统文化的传播特征与对策研究[J].城市党报研究，2020(03):90-92.[4] 潘秀梅，张慨.浅析陕西汉中非物质文化遗产与其保护现状[J].美与时代（上），2013(07):43-45.[5] 贺超海.中国传统工艺的当代价值研究[D].北京科技大学，2018.
从世界文化发展的趋势把握中国传统文化的现代化如何对待传统文化，在很长一段时间内，曾经不成问题。但走上近代社会后，在中西文明大碰撞中，我们开始对自己民族的传统文化进行反思，并很大程度上调整了以前对传统文化的看法。但是，这种反思，一直是在十分艰难的过程中前进。有前进，有障碍，有时甚至还会倒退。于是鸦片战争结束已有一百六十年，但对传统文化的反思，仍旧没有根本性的突破。这种情况，在世界各国中，可谓绝无仅有，也使许多人感到大奇不解。对中国传统文化反思如此困难，有政治环境恶劣的原因。中国的政治家，在中国现代化过程中，其思想文化观点相对保守，对专制主义的思想文化很容易产生精神上的共鸣。一旦对中国传统文化反思有了一定前进、突破，总会有一些从特权政治获得甜头的政治家，从幕后跳出来，用政治权力加以打击。近代不是有一些军阀，在国内大肆鼓吹尊孔吗？不懂思想文化，又要对思想文化横加干预，是中国传统文化反思难以前进的重要原因。中国传统文化构成复杂，也是一个原因。中国传统文化有数千年历史。时间长，在其发展的每一个阶段，都要增加一些东西，因此内容十分丰富，构成成份极其复杂。有许多东西是好的。有许多东西是糟粕。而精华与糟粕又往往混在一块。这使后人感到困惑：想说爱你，又不容易。因为分明有着太多的腐朽成份。想恨你吧，又恨不起来。因为中国传统文化又有许多至可宝贵的东西。不能不说，中国传统文化的构成复杂的这个特点，令后人感到十分尴尬。也是对中国传统文化反思难以前进的一个原因。笔者此文主要谈谈自己对中国传统文化特点及今后发展方向的一些观点。在写作过程中，努力提出自己的一些新想法，这样或许会起到抛砖引玉的作用。（一）反思中国传统文化优劣，必须把握人类前进的方向。人类社会总在不断前进的，这种前进，在政治上，表现为以民为本，直至后来的由民作主；在经济上，表现在重农重商，直至后来的市场经济；在思想文化上，表现为尊重别人的思想观点，直至后来的思想自由；在对待人上，关心人，爱护人，直至后来的尊重人的价值与尊严。中国人古代一直存在着以民为本的思想。商周时代有“民惟邦本，本固邦宁”的说法。孟子说：“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻。”荀子说：“水则载舟，水则覆舟。”这些思想本身，是进步的。在人生态度上，司马迁那种虽处逆境而奋发有为，苏东坡豪放达观的胸怀，张衡、徐霞客那种对真理的执着热爱，孟子“我善养浩然之气”，伟大诗人杜甫“会当临绝顶，一览众山小”的抱负，均是一种健康的精神境界。对待自然、命运上，荀子“制天命而用之”，柳宗元、刘禹锡的“天人交相胜”，王夫子的“相天”、“造命”说，无不包含着人定胜天的思想光辉。在对待个体生命的权利和自由上，《古诗十九首》和阮籍《咏怀诗》对人生意义的关注，《世说新语》中对个人价值的肯定，《红楼梦》中贾宝玉、林黛玉对自由爱情的热烈追求，都为中国传统思想文化注入了一般新鲜的血液。在对待个人与社会上，“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”、“国事家事天下事，事事关心”、“位卑不肯忘忧国”、“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”、“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”，均是很高尚的精神境界。而对待人与自然上，《棘敕川》、《岳阳楼记》、《春江花月夜》和其它大量的文学作品，更是体现了我们这个民族与自然界之间存在着的特殊感情。登长江，诵“大江日夜流”，顿生一种豪情。临高山，读“一览众山小”，顿生一种斗志。读《腾王阁序》，吟及“天高地迥，觉宇宙之无穷”，又生一种慷慨。如此厚重，如此不屈不挠，如此强健，唯斯国方有也！但是，同别的国家一样，中国思想文化也有糟粕。由于时间久，在若干年时间里又没有及时进行打扫，使糟粕越积越多，给我们民族带来极大损害。女人有独特生命价值吗？不过是男人附庸。每一个中国女子，应以生活于现代为庆幸，而以生活于古代为悲哀。不但女人如此，男人也没有独立生命价值。一个个大大小小的官僚，以及无数苍生，都在皇权高压下葡葡。他们或许渺茫过，怀疑过，反对过，但后来，他们再也不曾有过这个念头，甚至以高呼“吾皇万岁”为终身荣耀。马克思曾经把这种中国特色的社会现象，蔑视地称之为普遍奴隶制。不是崇高创新，不是倡导一代胜过一代，而是推崇守旧，“天可变，地可变，祖宗之法不可变”。使几千年期间，政治体制、思想观念、科学文化，一直难以进步，终于在近代社会不可避免地落后于国际社会。一方面是皇帝穷奢极欲，三宫七十二院，生活腐朽靡烂，官僚贵族欺压人民、掠夺百姓，另一方面却鼓吹“君子喻于义，小人喻于利”、“君子忧道不忧贫”，对平民百姓通过商业或其它途径谋求更多的物质利益，进行种种抑制。既使人民生活水平难以进一步提高，又使社会经济发展失去内在动力。压制个性，压制自由思想，压制个体生命正当欲望。哪个人特立独行，即“枪打出头鸟”，导致国民虽众多，实则千人一面，有胆有识的人百中无一。有新的思想，即“鸣鼓而攻之”。有不逊之言，即“祸及九族”、“诛灭十族”。在家听父母的话，在乡听长辈的话，社会上听官僚的话，而全体官僚则听皇帝的话。个人的婚姻大事，听父母的话。否则便是“大逆不道”，群起而伐之。闭关自守，夜郎自大。对外部世界缺乏关心。虽然在鸦片战争被打败，仍不肯认输，以天朝上国自居，不肯放下架子认真学习别人文化的有价值东西。一次次失败，仍没有从中吸取教训，不能对自己体制弊端痛加改革，全面激发自己民族生机活力。好了伤疤忘了痛，这样的情况实在是多得不可胜数！
传统 文化 是在特定的民族或群体在生产及生活实践中，人们不断 总结 并创造的智力成果、具有鲜明的文化标志。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于传统文化的论文1500字的内容，希望对大家能有所帮助，欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅谈传统文化艺术在现代室内设计中的运用
摘要： 中国传统文化博大精深，古代先哲对人居生活环境的思考与探索延续至今。其中蕴涵的审美心理、价值取向等对室内设计影响深远。现代家居室内设计是建筑设计的深化和再创造，寻求传统文化中的科学成分与审美思想来指导现代家居室内设计并进行运用，优化建筑信息，使之和谐共生，从而整体、有效地营造一种理想的家居生活艺术环境，具有非常广泛的现实意义。
关键词：传统文化 室内设计 艺术
一 解析传统文化
“传统”到底是什么?有人说传统是已经形成的遗产或文化;也有人说传统是具有民族生活情感的，在民众中不断流传、继承下来的文化。本文认为传统是人类创造的不同形态的特质经由历史凝聚而沿传的、流变着的诸文化因素构成的有机系统。
1 什么叫传统文化?
传统文化是人类在创造文化的过程中被保留下来的对今天和明天产生巨大影响的人类文化的精华。如中国的“彩陶文化”距今已有六千年历史，其彩陶图案丰富多彩，所刻画的动物形态栩栩如生，如鱼纹、鸟纹和蛙纹等，至今在室内设计中仍起着装饰的点睛作用。又如古埃及文化距今也有五千多年的历史，并与建筑关系极为密切，它所建筑的金字塔，至今还令世人叹为观止。而中国人受传统文化的影响，特别是追求理想的人居环境，在室内设计上都喜欢遵循具有文化传统的建筑理论。
“天人合一”是中国传统文化的基本核心。中国传统文化对环境所持有的价值观与心理行为的取向，其宗旨是周密考察了自然环境，顺应自然环境，有节制地利用和改造自然，创造良好的居住与生存环境，赢得最佳的天时、地利与人和，达到天人合一的至善境界。如中国古代园林布局，无论是北方园林的宏伟、大气，还是江南园林的玲珑、典雅、都强调园林与自然环境的融合思想，即“天人合一”。常运用曲折萦回、欲扬先抑、意犹未尽等手法，达到人工园林与环境的惊人吻合，达到了“虽由人作，宛自天成”的效果。我国四大名园，即北京的颐和园，承德的避暑山庄，苏州的留园、拙政园，都是浓厚的传统文化的体现。
2 传统文化在室内装饰上的艺术表现
室内设计深深植根于中国传统文化，它以儒家倡导的“齐家、治国、平天下”为最高标准。传统室内设计充分体现了人文意识，其装饰内容和载体大多都有文化的意义，集中表现为重道德、助人伦和敦教化。在中国传统文化艺术中，室内装饰成为传统艺术隐喻、象征和表达心愿、信仰及审美意趣的主要手段。如我国主要图腾物“龙”和“凤”是中华传统文化特有的装饰元素，具有人格精神，和人共融，为人所用。“龙凤呈祥”是中国传统室内装饰的骨干脉络，龙是中华民族发祥和文化开端的象征，至今我们还有“龙的传人”的说法。凤是原始社会人们想象中的保护神，并被视为神鸟而予崇拜，它经过形象的逐渐完美演化象征了美好与和平，预示能给人带来幸福和吉祥。艺术家们以丰富的装饰语言生动地表现龙凤多姿多彩的艺术风韵，龙凤组合的题材有很多，比如龙飞凤舞、游龙戏凤等。龙凤题材一直在民间室内装饰设计中广泛应用，成为人们精神生活的寄托及力量的象征。
二 现代室内设计的含义与内容
现代室内设计是科学技术和文化艺术高度集成的产物，它将功能实用性和审美艺术性融为一体，是创造良好室内环境的特殊艺术。室内设计的主要内容包括以下三个方面：
1 空间处理
空间处理是通过调整空间的尺寸和比例，处理好空间的分隔，强调空间的性质，解决空间的对比和统一等的精心设计，赋予空间更具人性化及更为丰富的内涵。如使用不到顶的墙、家具等实体性界面来划分空间，形成一定的视觉范围，又具有开放性。还可以使用栏杆、玻璃、悬垂物等非实体的手段来划分空间，造成空间界面模糊的感觉，使空间更开放。
2 整体装饰效果
整体装饰效果包括室内墙面、地面、屋顶的造型、色彩、材质等构造的设计，是室内空间从造型、色彩、工艺到风格的综合体现。如可利用室内家具、地毯、窗帘等不同装饰材料的质地等通过对地面的高差处理，可实现转换空间、界定功能，让光线、视线、空气在无阻碍中自由融合。
色彩具有丰富的表现力，是室内设计中最生动、最活跃的因素。色彩处理既要符合功能性又要能获得审美的效果，通过对色彩的视觉感受，可以产生丰富的联想、象征与寓意。如为了打破单调的六面体空间，可以采用超级平面美术 方法 不依天花、墙面、地面的界面限定，自由地突出其抽象的彩色构图，模糊了空间原有的构图形式，从而扩展了空间形式，创造空间意境。
3 室内陈设
室内陈设包括家具、橱具、电器、灯具、工艺陈设品、装饰品以及花卉植物等的选择与配置。他们之间的合理搭 配对 于形成室内环境氛围具有十分重要的作用。如工艺品、雕塑、字画、纪念品等的点缀是室内设计中必需的内容，可以起到赏人悦目的作用。
另外，在科技的不断发展下，材料也随之快速更新，生态设计越来越受到重视。生态设计在强调人类遵循生态规律的前提下，注重自然生态美，欣赏质朴、简洁，以此带给人们持久的精神愉悦。
三 传统文化在现代室内设计中的应用
随着科技的飞速发展，给人们的生理和心理都带来了不同感受的改变，这要求室内设计必须与时俱进。但是一脉相承的文化寓意并没有改变，它们仍然代表了人们对美好生活、富贵吉祥的向往。因此，用现代的理念对传统文化进行诠释，并将其运用在现代室内设计中，使设计在满足实际功能和理性追求的基础上，既能体现传统文化特质，又满足人们更高层次的精神需求。
1 传统文化在现代室内空间设计中的应用
中国传统文化讲求“天人合一”，即天人原本一体，物我自然两宜，既要顺应自然，又要对自然加以改造，要求人们从整体上把握人与自然的协调关系，并将其思想运用到现代室内设计中去，使营造的室内空间在本质上与室外空间环境、自然环境能和谐共生。在现代家居室内设计中，我们应该在观念上将室内空间看成是自然环境、历史文化、社区环境、室外环境与室内环境等一系列环境相互依存、相互制约的组合。
在现代的室内空间设计自然一致中，把古建筑中优秀的设计手法结合实际住宅巧加运用，更能体现人本身的内涵。如将中国传统园林的手法引入室内空间的设计，将其融为一体，做到室内空间室外化，让阳光温暖着室内与室外的人们，让人充分感受到外面的美妙景色，再利用光影创造出明亮、宜人、愉快的视觉效果。
对于开放性的空间强调的是空间的延续以及空间的交流。设计时必须考虑到人们在室内与室外所体验到的感觉，从而使空间里的内墙与空间的分隔带有音乐的优美旋律。比如套间住宅的阳台，别墅的赏花露台，以及住宅内部的某些能做成通透的隔墙，通常用透明的玻璃进行隔断，这样的设计简洁而无假饰，室内与室外、空间与空间互为借景，形成视觉上的空间的连续与扩充。
现代室内设计注重人们对空间不同的心理感受。随着人们进门一刻的脚步移动，如由客厅走到卧室，或由卧室走到书房这个过程中的心理感受是不一样的。成功的空间设计是要让人们随着视点的转移体会到不同的装饰风格与艺术品位。传统建筑空间中弯曲流畅的线条给人造成视觉上的流动感，空间分隔上的隔断、花罩、窗、门让人对于传统空间有无限遐想与希望。因此，现代设计师可以根据传统设计，针对室内空间大小，利用色彩、明暗线条设计出感官上的空间延伸效果以及将室内与室外环境交织相融的效果。
对于封闭性的空间，要尽量利用窗户营造室内空间的某种氛围，使人们通过空间氛围体现出他们不同的文化层次、不同的性格差异、不同的 教育 背景等。古代窗户的形式多种多样，大都取法天然，如梅窗、扇形窗、尺幅窗，等等，而现代的平窗、凸窗、斜窗等虽然在取材用料方面与古代已截然不同，但用意都是为了能更好地与自然对话。因此，现代设计师要借鉴传统文化，充分利用窗户把室外的景色纳入室内。
2 传统文化在现代室内色彩设计中的应用
色彩是一种视觉的艺术，中国传统装饰色彩以白、黄、青、赤、黑五色为主，如绿色象征生命与健康，黄色象征尊贵与华丽等，它是室内设计中最生动、最活跃的因素。在现代室内装饰设计中，颜色有了更为丰富的内涵，不但颜色的外延扩大了，而且与事物的形状也建立了某种对应的联系。如在现代设计中最具有代表性的中国传统色彩莫过于红色，它代表的是中国人的热情、热血和鲜明的特性。我国古代木建筑中最高等级的、流传至今的宫殿建筑，就以红、黄二色为主色，它深深影响了传统色彩在现代室内设计中的运用。即便是现在，吉庆日子到处张灯结彩，灯是挂的红灯笼，彩结是的红彩绸。居室中的一整面红墙，餐厅中大面积的红桌布、红座椅等仍然是喜庆的象征。
又如金、黄两色在传统装饰中通常搭配使用，体现主人的尊贵感。在现代室内设计中，人们吸取了传统装饰手法，结合当代技术条件，创造出华贵氛围。例如，在人民大会堂金色大厅的室内改造工程中，设计主题非常鲜明，即“中国的金色大厅”。这一设计空间定位清晰明朗，风格细致淡雅，充满中国古典意味，天花采用中国古典建筑中的藻井造型，八边石材柱间的梁枋采用传统沥粉贴金的手法，色彩及纹样具有敦煌壁画温润调和的风格，因而被称为人民大会堂的“金色大厅”。
3 传统文化在现代室内陈设中的应用
传统文化在中国家具上的印记很深，传统家具民族性特征极强，尤其是明式家具的艺术造诣和文人气质在世界家具史上别具匠心，至今无法超越。我们在书房放置一组典型明清风格家具，往往会因其独特的艺术气质，唤起历史情感的回归以及陈年的记忆。
雕刻 、匾额、书画、挂屏、文房四宝等陈设都是中国传统人文意识的载体，它们既能从形式上供人欣赏，又能从内容上起到激励、自勉和警世等作用，有效地围成一种具有传统文化气息的空间。
另外，我们可以对传统文化中丰富的装饰纹样进行移植嫁接，使之成为一种新的艺术形象。传统文化中的几何纹样有水波纹、回纹、冰裂纹、万字纹等，它们在窗花、屏风、隔扇的传统装饰点依然在现代室内设计中被使用，并且还用在了电视背景墙、天花、铺地等装饰的造型中。现代设计师打破了狭窄的传统文化概念，继承其优秀的文化精华，配合新的造型和新空间对传统纹样大胆创新使用，从而创造一种新的借鉴传统的创作手法，使传统纹样在现代室内设计中有了新的生命力，获得意想不到的效果。
四 结语
传统文化内涵丰富、意义深远，它强调要顺应自然、因地制宜的规划和设计，并巧妙地处理人与自然的冲突，以获得和谐的生活环境。在现代室内设计中研究传统文化，应用其美学思想，对现代室内设计具有积极的指导作用。
参考文献
[1] 王其亨：《建筑师》，中国建筑工业出版社，1989年版。
[2] 田浩：《传统文化在现代室内设计中的运用研究——以成都地区餐厅空间室内设计为例》，四川大学硕士论文，中国硕士学位论文全文数据库，2006年。
[3] 刘霏霏：《中国传统装饰元素在现代室内设计中的运用研究》，湖南大学硕士论文，中国硕士学位论文全文数据库，2010年。
[4] 祝爱平：《中国传统文化与当代室内设计》，南京林业大学硕士论文，中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库，2004年。
时光飞逝，就快要 毕业 了，对于毕业，你有什么感想吗?用英语写下你的感想吧。下面是我为你整理的关于初三毕业的 英语 作文 ，希望对你有帮助!
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, my dear teachers and fellow graduates,
It is a great honor for me to make a speech on behalf of the graduating class of 2008.
It has been three great years for us to study in this beautiful school. Our teachers always try to make their lessons lively and interesting. We have learned a lot over these years, but we could hardly succeed without our teachers’ effort, our parents’ support, and our classmates’ help. At this moment, I’d like to thank all of you for what you have done for us.
I wish our school more beautiful and all of us a wonderful future!
Goodbye, our beautiful school, our dear teachers and our friends!
Thank you for listening.
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years’ life. On of them impressed me very much. I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.
Our life in middle school will come to an end soon. Ill never forget you. You are an outgoing boy. Theres always a smile on your face and everybody likes to make friends with you. We used to play basketball on the playground. Sometimes we went to the park and had a good time there. I always laughed a lot when I was with you. At this very moment Im saying goodbye to you, I just want to give you my best wishes:
I hope you are happy and healthy forever.
I hope you are successful in the future.
When the bell rang again school of time, I will be with my junior high school life say goodbye. At this moment, I felt so tired that I want to go home and have a good sleep. I will be as free as a bird, and can be doing what I love to do. During the holidays, I want to do? Of course, there are many, but I want to do a thing is to improve my English. My English is the worst of all my subjects.
I was hard at it, but I have little progress. I'm not good at reading and writing, so I must be doing something in it more. Every morning I will read aloud three short story, and keeps a diary in English. I will remember my English teacher's advice, "if you want to learn English well, the best way is to use it every day.
Should We Keep the Students in School All the Time?Hello, we should keep the students in school all the time is a hot topic among educationists,teachers and teachers think that in order to let the students have more time for their lessons and develop their good behaviors,the schools are supposed to be sealed off,so the students can't go out and have to stay at some teachers and the students hold a different believe that would cause some students will have no time for relax,doing something they like,and that would do harm to their health,as well as their my mind,I don't think it's a good way to keep the students in school all day every one of us,need time and places for playing。Please do not keep the students in school all the time,for our students and education,
Ears with a song "friend life, those days no longer go. A word for a lifetime, life feeling a cup of wine. Friends never lonely, a friend you will understand. Sound still injured, and pain, but also go, and I......"Graduate from primary school, remembering the past, the good times, really screwed. After all the students have six years between the affection, together cry, laugh together, walked through a six years of ups......Six years of time seems to be was over in a flash. We were meant to be, but why are we met? Last spring outing on sports, and the last one, the last exam, one of the little things were that I remember, we each other cherish each other, treasure the friendship between each graduation of time, the classroom was in the air of a kind of sad breath, everyone in silence express their love of the feeling of farewell party. The graduation ceremony forced out to smile in, shrouded by a faint dark of and classmates of day, how much I don't want to and they separated. Six years, and together they class, do the work, and together they play, play, and together they progress, experience setbacks. Laughter echoed in my ear side, their smiling face also emerge. How can I forget?In the six years of time, I had the blackboard background, the teacher for example, by students for partners, through six years of ups. Now to graduate, let us waved a hand to say good-bye. No amount of missing also change not to come back and students together day, no amount of miss also change not to come back with the joy of the us in, and in this miss before we happy time, to not accept the fact, will this missing into memory buried in the word "graduate" to make people happy and sadHappy because we entered into the middle school, as we entered, our knowledge also go forward one step, also means that we also grow up. Can enjoy those already yearning and the junior middle school life and experience to. Learning that into a deeper knowledge, enrich their knowledge base; And because we will speak with sad together six years of students also said "there is day, someone outside the person," "diamond cuts diamond". We also don't know in secondary school and will meet what kind of things, in this new learning environment, have to students from each school naturally will have good results than you many superior. Then you can produce a kind of pressure of study, to be the lessons, learning to bond tightly a breath, because the junior middle school work also will increase, and the rest will be less and less. Have "panda eye" also increases the risk of sleep for class, students become more and junior high my fears and sad and excitement will reality, we catch run out of time, the only time in this , my dear students! Goodbye, my dear teacher. Goodbye, my dear Alma mater!!!!! Although we separately. But, I still have to continue to my life, I still try to, still have to struggle, for your dreams, for real, and that's it!!!!! Enter junior high school life, believe in yourself, tomorrow will be better! .翻译： 耳边回荡了一首歌“朋友一生一起走，那些日子不再有。一句话一辈子，一生情一杯酒.朋友不曾孤单过，一声朋友你会懂。还有伤，还有痛，还要走，还有我……”小学毕业了，回想过去的美好时光，真的很舍不得。毕竟同学之间已有了六年的深情厚谊，一起哭过，一起笑过，一起走过了六年的风风雨雨……六年的光阴似乎在一瞬间就过去了。我们注定要分别，但是为什么还要我们相识呢？最后一次春游，最后一次开运动会，最后一次考试，其中的点点滴滴都使我记忆犹新，我们彼此珍惜对方，珍惜对方之间的友谊。快毕业的时候，教室的空气中弥漫着一种伤感的气息，大家都在沉默中表达自己的依依惜别之感。毕业典礼上强行挤出来的笑容之中，笼罩着一层淡淡的阴云。想起和同学相处的日子，我是多么不愿和他们分开.六年，和他们一起上课，做作业，和他们一起嬉戏，玩耍，和他们一起进步，经历挫折.欢声笑语回荡在我耳旁，他们的笑脸也不断涌现.我怎能忘记呢？在这六年的时日里，我曾以黑板为背景，以老师为榜样，以同学为伙伴，走过六年的风风雨雨.如今要毕业了，让我们挥挥手说声再见。再多的思念也换不回来和同学在一起的日子，再多的想念也换不回来我们在一起的快乐，与其在这怀念我们以前快乐的时光，到不如接受事实，将这种思念变成回忆埋藏在心底。“毕业”这个词语使人高兴又使人伤感高兴是因为我们跨入中学，随着我们的跨入，我们的知识也向前走了一步，也意味着我们又长大了。能去享受那些早已向往又渴望的初中生活和体验。学习那些更深一层的知识，充实自己的知识宝库；伤感又是因为我们会跟在一起六年的同学分开。老师们也说过“天外有天，人外有人”，“强中自有强中手”。我们也不知道在中学里又会遇到什么样的事情，在这陌生的学习环境中，有从各个学校来的学生自然而然会有比你成绩好许多的高手。到那时你就会产生一种学习压力，使自己被功课、学习压得紧紧的喘不过气来，由于到了初中作业量也随之增加，而休息时间也随之越来越少。有“熊猫眼”的机率也随之增多，上课会周公的同学们也越来越多.到了初中我的担忧与伤感和兴奋也都会现实，我们抓住偷偷溜走的时间，在这仅有的时间里努力奋斗。再见了，亲爱的同学们！再见了，亲爱的老师！再见了，亲爱的母校！虽然我们分别了。但是，我依然要继续我的生活，我依然要努力，依然要奋斗，为了梦想，为了现实，仅此而已！步入初中的生活，相信自己，明天会更好！。
在学习、工作或生活中，说到作文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，根据写作命题的'特点，作文可以分为命题作文和非命题作文。你写作文时总是无从下笔？下面是我为大家整理的初三毕业英语作文，欢迎大家分享。
Six years is a long time, and we always say that graduation is a long way off. But six years was a short time, and then we were all grown up, and we had graduated... I felt a sense of loss, feeling empty in my heart.
Yes, I am excited that I am about to become a middle school student. The life of middle school is also full of yearning. But I grew up with my Alma mater for six years, and my Alma mater grew up with me for six years. During these six years, there was happiness, sadness and loss. There are dear teachers, there are dear students, there is a unity class... These countless wonderful memories, how can I forget?
Of all the students, my best friend is Kim dongxiao. Kim and I were "dead parties", and we were all together all day, and we had to go home together after school. We will laugh with her when we are happy. We comfort her when we are sad. We encourage her when the other person is frustrated... I will not forget that I have such a good friend. Her name is jin dongxiao.
Of all the teachers, I like miss zhou best. Mr. Zhou is amiable and approachable. Although we are sometimes strict with us, we all know she is good for us. During the class, Mr. Zhou always plays with us and sometimes jokes with us. I don't forget miss zhou.
What impressed me most was the cultivation of my beloved Alma mater, wanghong primary school. The Alma mater's grass and trees are so familiar that a brick by the Alma mater is so friendly. Dear Alma mater, you are full of vitality. You are like a tender mother, nourishing me with sweet milk, let us thrive. More impressively, we have acquired the knowledge of the nectar, the power of wisdom, the practical ability and the truth of human being in your warm embrace. You say, can we bear to leave you?
The days are like a merry-go-round, which is filled with laughter or sadness. Have tried to find what to dilute the so-called memory. Someone said time can dilute everything, but I don't believe it. Isn't friendship really lasting? Is everything going to go away? So, I still couldn't find it.
We are like flowers blooming in the spring, we have our most beautiful memories. The pictures that had been laughed together were fixed in my mind. Time goes by quickly, and in 20xx, will 20xx be far behind? My friend, may I call you in such a name? Because I want us to be closer together.
It's hard for me to imagine that when we're apart, we're going to be crying, or we're going to look at each other, and then we're going to go away. In 20xx, the year we yearn for, the year of our brilliant achievements, we can achieve our dreams in this year.
Friend, we will graduate together in 20xx. Graduation was in that hot summer. In 20xx, we'll be running things; In 20xx, we will shed all our tears; In 20xx, we will all talk to each other. At that moment, those heavy burdens on our shoulders will be unconditioned. We will have the lightest moments of our lives.
I will laugh when we graduate together in 20xx. Because in this wonderful world let me meet you. We worked together for three years. And finally realized his dream. You helped me when I was most helpless. You've said to me that all bad things can be turned into motivation, and people just look forward, nothing is impossible. I believe in you, we become best friends, so no matter where I am, I will remember you and miss you.
I will cry when we graduate together in 20xx. In that instant, the tears of success will rain. In that instant, the most sincere emotion of life will appear. We can't describe in words what we've been through, the language we've been trying to say, only you and I understand.