首先是初审。将论文进行分类并交给各栏目的学术编辑，由编辑进行初审（1-3个工作日）；然后要求修改润色。根据初审的具体情况，编辑往往会根据杂志社的要求给作者提出一些关于文章的修改要求，作者需要针对此进行不要的调整和修改，以便论文顺利发表。文章检测抄袭率（一般在中国知网进行）。因检测论文抄袭率将产生费用（论文检测的费用或由社内承担，或由作者交纳），所以论文检测是在费用办理后进行的。组稿文章可先检测。提稿、复审。编辑初审过了，接下来就由编辑将稿件转给审稿专家（有的刊物在网上有在线审稿、编稿系统，他们直接就在网络上完成了），审稿专家审稿主要就看文章的学术含量了，但他们也会考虑到该刊物的接受水平。定稿。审稿意见返回编辑，编辑再转给主编终审（有的刊物会定期召开编委会议，专题讨论论文录用与否），确定通过了就由编辑向作者发出通知。
发表期刊论文有稿费吗？为什么有的人发表论文有稿费拿，而有的人却要交钱？好的期刊光是出售、广告就可以维持自己的经营，对于稿件的质量要求高，所以发表论文了有稿费拿，差的刊物靠收版面费维持运营，同时投稿者方面又有发稿需求，自然要版面费。版面费一般指正式学术期刊刊用作者的文章后其期刊编辑部向作者收取的现金费用。版面费是在学术期刊和学术研究兴盛的环境下产生的；从版面费自身形成的构件和程序看，版面费是两方的自觉自愿的合约行为，是两个巴掌拍出的响，无违法违纪可言；但从根本上说，产生学术期刊版面费的根源，在于目前我国不够合理的科研评价机制。“版面费”早已成为国内学术界公开的秘密，以版面费为核心的论文产业链，已经发展到了相当的规模。据最新媒体数据显示，我国科技人员发表的期刊论文数量虽然位居世界前列，但其平均引用率却排在世界100位以外。究其原因，可以说版面费起到了很大的助推作用。
现在发表学术论文，大部分杂志都是需要收取版面费用的，也有少数杂志社是不收费的，不过大多是非常难以发表，或者需要排队，有些刊物甚至排出去1年、2年，下面我就来说说他们的盈利方式：第一种盈利方式：中介网站通过自己的各种渠道和手段组织到数量较多的稿子，这样他们即可有资本来同杂志社谈判——请杂志社给他们一个低于正常版面收费标准的“代理价”或者“组稿价”，这样中介网站即有了利润空间。
第二种盈利方式：有些杂志社并不设置双重收费标准，对普通作者和中介网站一视同仁，中介网站则需要收取略高于杂志社收费标准的费用来赚取利润了。
第三种盈利方式：有些需要发表论文的同志可能因为没时间、没精力、没能力来独立完成论文，就可能会委托一些论文中介网站来帮忙找些枪手来写稿子，那就产生了一个代写费用了，这也是论文中介网站一个重要的利润点。
还有一些其他的模式，比如作者的稿子难以在一些高要求的期刊上发表，论文中介网站如果有能力可以帮助作者找专家或者编辑润色润色，使文章能发表出来，收取一个“润笔费”。
当然以上说得都是一些遵规守纪的论文中介网站的盈利模式，而那些纯粹招摇撞的家伙手段可能就黑暗多了。
存在必有存在的道理，毕竟很多作者对期刊并不是非常了解，需要懂行的人来指点，需要有人架起作者和期刊之间的桥梁，但是由于中介行业的入行门槛过低，导致行业素质良莠不齐，产生了不少伤害作者切身利益的情况，以致现在行业口碑越来越差，虽然我本人不是中介中人，但是毕竟跟各论文中介网站接触甚密，真心希望各位做论文中介网站的朋友能够自觉维护行业形象，让这个行业能够健康发展，不要让作者提起中介二字就哀怨愤懑，失去了作者，此行业将失去生存之源，发展之基，那将是行业的最大悲哀。
性质和写法特点，决定了其撰写者应为相关研究领域内的“大家”，只有对研究内容有广泛的认识和深刻的理解，才能写出高质量的作品。但是，目前国内科技期刊的文章多以自由来稿为主，其来稿量较大，作者多为高等院校的研究生或其他相关研究人员，论文质量高低不等。编辑在严格筛选自由来稿的基础上，应注重约稿，尤其是要注重向知名专家学者和学科带头人约稿，以提高科技期刊的学术影响力。包括写信约稿、电话约稿、E-MAIL约稿、手机短信约稿等。但因为时间和效率问题，写信约稿已不常用，我们最常用的是电话约稿和E-MAIL约稿、手机短信约稿，有时候，还是这几种方式的综合运用。我们经常采用的方式是：先给作者发一封E-MAIL，写明约稿要求，然后再打一个电话，询问是否收到，并落实回稿时间。事实证明，这种方式是比较可行的。当然，也可以给作者发了E-MAIL后，用手机发一个短信告知作者查收并落实时间也可以。如果内容比较简单，单纯的电话约稿也是可以的。
1、任何论文发表要求以单位文件为准每个单位对于评职称都会有相关的文件要求，比如：论文必须发表在国内正规刊物上，有CN刊号和ISSN刊号，或者明确强调需要知网、万方等数据库收录的刊物，这些都是要求。提前搞懂这些要求，才能更好地按照要求去准备论文。2、明确撰写论文要求每篇论文发表的期刊都会有自己的要求，比如字符数、查重率、文献条数等等，一定要按照杂志社的这些要求来撰写论文。说到字符数（注意：不是字数），word文档可以通过“审阅”来查看字符数，假设杂志社要求5000字符，那么我们撰写论文的字数最起码在4800-5200字符之间，如果有图表的，小图标算300字符，大图表算500字符，能在撰写论文内容时增加图表，通过审稿获得录用的概率就会提高很多。3、要了解清楚时间这里说的时间，包含：版面时间、见刊时间、上网时间三个。(1)版面时间：每家杂志社都会提前收稿，或者收稿很慢，如果组稿编辑告诉你22年12月版面，1月出刊，则意思就是你的论文会刊登在22年的12月版面上，为什么说这个问题，因为有的用人单位要求论文必须发表在当年内，所以即使它是1月出刊，但是版面在22年12月，也是符合单位评职称要求的；(2)见刊时间：见刊时间就是作者看到论文发表被刊登在杂志里的时间，因为单位在评职称事，都会要求拿上论文发表所在刊物杂志，所以见刊时间很重要；(3)上网时间：上网就是我们说的论文被数据库（知网、万方、维普、龙源等）收录了，上网时间一般在见刊时间1-3个月内，了解这个时间，是因为有的单位对于论文发表的认可，单单见到刊物是不算的，必须要被数据库收录了才能评职称。
论文基本都由：标题、摘要、序言、正文、结论、参考文献、作者简介等构成，具体的可以搜索一个想发表的期刊的论文模板来参考。
1. 稿件组成第一页：中、英文标题。作者简介(姓名、出生年月、单位、职称、学位、研究方向、主要研究成果);作者联系方式(通信地址、固定电话、手机、电子邮箱)。第二页：论文。相关内容及其顺序为：中文标题、中文提要(200字以内)和中文关键词(3-5个)、英文标题、英文提要(300字以内)和英文关键词(3-5个)、正文、参考文献、附录(如有)。2. 体例格式段落要求：单倍行距，每段首行空两格。来稿各部分内容格式要求如下：(1)论文标题、提要、关键词■ 中文标题、提要、关键词正题：二号黑体，居中。副标题(可有可无)：三号黑体，居中，前加破折号(——)。提要：“提要”小五号黑体，后空一字空，接排提要正文。提要正文小五号宋体，居中，左右空3字空。关键词：“关键词”小五号黑体，后空一字空，关键词小五号宋体，各词之间空一字空，回行齐“关键词”。题注：在正题末右上角加星号(*)。题注注文排当页下，与正文之间加一细线。注文小五号宋体，前加星号(*)做注码，后空一格。英文标题、提要、关键词(整体位于中文标题、提要、关键词后)正题：二号Times New Roman，居中，如有副标题，在正题后标冒号(：)。副标题(可有可无)：三号Times New Roman，居中。Abstract：“Abstract”小五号Times New Roman，加粗，后空一格，接排提要正文。提要正文小五号Times New Roman，不加粗，居中，回行齐“Abstract”。Keywords：“Keywords”小五号Times New Roman，加粗，后空一格，接排关键词。关键词之间标逗号(，)，小五号Times New Roman，不加粗，回行齐“Keywords”。(2)正文文章通栏排，五号宋体。文章分节标题序号：一级标题：一、二……(五号黑体，居中)二级标题：、、……(五号黑体，缩进两个字)三级标题：、、……(五号仿宋，缩进两个字)以此类推……(3)例句例句编号为(1)、(2)、(3)……，全文连续编号(五号楷体)。如例句较短，可排双栏。(4)正文引文正文引文请认真核实，确保无误，并注明出处：行文中参考文献：李宇明(2005);朱德熙(1982：96-99);Leather (1983：204)括注：单个作者：(李宇明，2005);(Smith，1985、1991);多个作者：(李宇明，2005：92-95;朱德熙，1985：110-115);(马真、陆俭明，1983：43-47)。(5)注释一般注释采用脚注的形式。正文需注释处的右上方按顺序加注序号①②③……，全文连续编号，小五号宋体。注文列在当页正文下，正文和脚注之间加一横线，小五号宋体，回行时与上一行注文对齐。(6)参考文献正文后附参考文献，注明文中所有引文的出处和所依据文献的版本情况，包括作者的姓、名;出版年;篇名、刊名、刊物的卷号和期号、文章的起止页码;书名、出版地和出版者。
主要结构为摘要关键词正文参考文章这几个部分，具体的字符数和要求要根据您选择的期刊而定哈，我们这边目前可以操作，需要可以随时联系
Figure里面的图片主要包括 位图 和 矢量图 两种。 1. 位图 ，一般是由显微镜、照相机等等直接获取的实验图像，其特征是放大之后，图片会模糊；图片像素越高，文件越大。例如常见的细胞免疫荧光图片、电镜图片等。处理位图一般使用 Photoshop 等软件。 2. 矢量图 ，又称为向量图形，一般由作图软件作出，以线条和颜色块为主。矢量图大小一般在100K左右，且无论如何放大都不会失真。 处理矢量图一般采用 Illustrator 、CorelDRAW等软件、。 并且，制作完整的Figure在组图的时候一般使用使用illustrator（Photoshop也可以用来组图和标注，但是操作复杂，效率不高；PPT也是一种用来组图的常用工具，然而其简单的功能使其很难产生非常精美的figure），其强大的功能、高效率的操作、快速的标注和注释能力，一旦小伙伴们掌握它，在画Figure的时候就有一种飞一样的感觉了。 上面讲了SCI论文的Figure的构成，那么这些图片的格式是什么呢？哪些才能符合杂志的要求呢？ 众所周知，图片的格式有多种多样，JEPG、JPG、PDF、PNG、Tiff、Ai、EPS等等，每一种图片格式都有优缺点，因此，在不同的领域可能采用的图片格式有所不同。 但是，对于SCI文章发表而言，尤其是生物医学领域， 大多数杂志都是要求最后的Figure必须是Tiff格式 （有部分杂志JEPG和Tiff格式都可以）。 因此，最保险的做法就是把Figure存储为Tiff格式。 其中，Figure里面的 位图可以存为JEPG或者Tiff ，里面的 矢量图一般存储为Tiff 。 最后导出整张Figure的时候，最保险的做法就是存储为SCI文章通用的Tiff格式。 分辨率， 基本上要求 300 or 300 dpi以上 ，我们在 使用illustrator或者Photoshop导出Figure的时候把分辨率设置成300dpi ，基本上大多数杂志的要求都能够满足。 图片大小 ，大多数的SCI杂志都要求最好把 Figure的大小控制在10MB以内 。图片若是太大的话，一是投稿上传Figure的时候会比较慢，二也不符合杂志要求。若是Figure太大，超过了10MB，就需要将图片进行压缩。无论是Tiff格式的Figure，还是图中的位图还是线图， 均可以通过LZW无损压缩方式对文件体积压缩 。 图片压缩的时候最常使用的软件是Photoshop。采用PS将Figure打开，然后另存为文件，PS就会打开一个窗口，其中在“图像压缩”这里点击 LZW ，然后保存就可以了。 图片的格式一般有RGB和CMYK两种。 大部分SCI期刊都接受 RGB 颜色模式的插图文件，少数期刊要求作者在出版印刷前提交CMYK颜色模式的插图文件，颜色模式的转换建议在PS等位图编辑软件上进行。 同时，一般尽量避免出现红色与绿色，色盲的人看不出差别；不要用色彩相近的颜色标识图，并且避免使用灰度。当然，现在一般对Figure中的红色与绿色也不作要求，毕竟生物医学领域诸多荧光显色、生信领域的不少图片都是红绿色。 SCI文章的Figure文件名一般在投稿上传图片的时候需要注意，可以命名为如下样式： 、…、…Figure 、Figure (多个图片拼合成一张的，是算做一个图的)。 必须要注意的是： 一张图由几个部分组成的，应算作一张图，应在PS软件或者AI软件中合并为一张图片文件进行提交， 切忌不要提交诸如Figure 1A、 Figure 1B、 Figure 1C、 Figure 1D的情况， 除非杂志社有要求。 SCI文章的Figure的长和宽都是有要求的。目前SCI文章插图的排版按照Figure的宽度分成三种形式进行排版： ①半版（8cm）；②2/3版(14cm)；③整版（17cm） 。 ①半版图（宽度为8cm） Figure的总宽度为8cm，高度最高不可超过20cm ，过高会导致很难排版。图片左右需留少量边。必须注意的是，不管某张figure内容再少，其宽度最少也应该设置为8cm，而最好不要设置成小于8cm的尺寸。 ②2/3版图（宽度为14cm） Figure总宽度为12-15cm（最佳14cm），高度最高不可超过20cm ，图片左右需留少量边。图片中每个部分用a、b、c等标注。有的杂志要求使用大写的A、B、C等标注。 ③整版图（宽度为17cm） Figure总宽度为17cm（最佳14cm），高度最高不可超过20cm ，图片左右需留少量边。 整版图对于数据量比较大的Figure是比较常用的。图片中每个部分用a、b、c等标注。有的杂志要求使用大写的A、B、C等标注 SCI文章的Figure的字体一般采用英文的Arial或Times New Roman字体 ，若是采用Times New Roman，那么所有的Figures都需要统一为Arial格式；若是若是采用Arial，那么所有的Figures都需要统一为Times New Roman格式。 字体的大小一般为尽量使用7-12号字 ，最好不要小于6号字体，也最好不要大于14号字体。推荐使用7号字体，做出来的图比较美观。 SCI文章的Figure中的线形图或者柱形图的 线条粗细在之间 ，整个Figure的线条粗细需要统一，比如采用粗细，基本上所有的figures的线条均统一采用粗细。另外需要注意的是 线条一般采用黑色，尤其是坐标轴 。
1.图片的分辨率图片的分辨率非常重要，和像素大小直接相关，不同刊物均有其具体要求(大多数期刊都要求300px以上)。通常情况下，国外刊物对此要求更加严格。
所以需要具体去了解目标投递的需要。与图片像素容易混淆的是图片的尺寸大小。单栏图片宽度为厘米，双栏即全幅宽度为厘米，高度一般均不超过20厘米;如果介于二者之间，那么宽度可以设置15厘米，高度相仿。另外，论文中也经常会用到照片，即拍照的图片。除了相机拍摄的，还包括显微镜下拍摄或者扫描仪扫描的图片。因为是一手资料，大部分很难重复性拍摄，所以尽可能在第一次拍摄时达到最佳，达到刊物要求。可以将分辨率调到最高，原始图片有越高的分辨率，接下来处理图片就会越方便。
有时候为了避免论文查重系统，我们会将一些无法进行修改的内容使用图片进行替代，插入到论文之中，但是，要将它们插入正确的位置，对图片的大小没有过多的要求，只是需要让整个论文页面看起来更加美观、整洁和舒适。通常我们插入图片的时候，图片的宽度几乎和文字的宽度一样。当然，多张图片也可以排列在一起。
问题2：在论文中插入图片需要注意什么？
(1)要插入的图片必须高清。否则打印出来后看不到图片上有什么；
(2)图片的对比度也要合适；
(3)插入图片时，要尽可能使用电脑，便于及时修改调整图片；
(4)如果插入的图片需要标注文字和符号，一定要注意格式；
(5)实物照片涉及尺寸时，需要将比例尺寸同时插入相应的位置。
WPC世界石油大会(World Petroleum Congress -- WPC) 是一个国际性的石油代表机构，是非政府、非盈利的国际石油组织，被公认为世界权威性的石油科技论坛。它的全称是“世界石油大会——石油科学、技术、经济及管理论坛” (World Petroleum Congresses -- Forum for Petroleum Science, Technology, Economics and Management)。 世界石油大会1933年8月在伦敦成立，每4年举行一次，从第14届大会以后改为每三年举行一次。二次世界大战期间曾中断活动。1951年恢复活动。其宗旨是为了人类的利益，加强对世界石油资源的管理，不断促进世界石油工业对先进的石油科学技术的应用和对有关的经济、金融及管理问题的研究；在全世界范围内推动和促进石油科学技术的发展；加强成员国之间的合作；在世界范围内为石油科技人员、管理者和行政人员交流信息和讨论研究提供论坛。组织机构有大会、常任理事会和执行局。总部设在伦敦。主要出版物为《大会公报》。 至2001年9月，该组织共有59个主要石油生产国和石油消费国入会，代表着世界上90％以上的石油天然气主要生产国和消费国。 1979年9月13日，在布加勒斯特举行的第10届大会通过决议，中国国家委员会被接纳为该组织常任理事会成员。1997年10月12日至16日，第15届大会在中国北京举行。
也就是欧佩克:1960年9月，由伊朗、伊拉克、科威特、沙特阿拉伯和委内瑞拉的代表在巴格达开会，决定联合起来共同对付西方石油公司，维护石油收入，14日，五国宣告成立石油输出国组织 (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries -- OPEC) ，简称“欧佩克”。随着成员的增加，欧佩克发展成为亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲一些主要石油生产国的国际性石油组织。欧佩克总部设在维也纳
LZ拼错了吧 会不会是OPEC？
石油输出国组织（英语：Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries，OPEC；简称欧佩克、油盟或油组）是一个国际组织。世界主要石油生产国为共同对付西方石油公司和维护石油收入，1960年9月10日由伊拉克、伊朗、科威特、沙特阿拉伯和委内瑞拉代表在巴格达开会商议成立一个协调机构，9月14日“石油输出国组织”正式宣告成立，之后成员国由5个增加到13个，即阿尔及利亚(1969)、阿拉伯联合酋长国(1971)、卡塔尔(1961)、利比亚(1962)、尼日利亚(1971)和印度尼西亚，厄瓜多尔(1973)、加蓬(1975)分别于1992年和1996年退出该组织。该组织总部于1965年起设于奥地利首都维也纳，现任秘书长为尼日利亚前石油部长里尔瓦努·卢克曼（Rilwanu Lukman）1995年1月1日任职。根据该组织的法令，其成立的目的是协调和统一成员国石油政策和价格，确定以最适宜的手段来维护它们各自和共同的利益；并藉撇除有害和不必要的波动，策划出不同的方法来确保国际石油市场价格的稳定；给予产油国适度的尊重和必不可少而稳定的收入；给予石油消费国有效、经济而稳定的供应；并给予石油工业投资者公平的回报。
英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇）
毕业论文答辩是一种有组织、有准备、有计划、有鉴定的比较正规的审查论文的重要形式。为了搞好毕业论文答辩，在举行答辩会前，校方、答辩委员会、答辩者（撰写毕业论文的作者）三方都要作好充分的准备。下面是我整理的英语毕业的论文答辩稿（精选6篇），欢迎大家分享。
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am xxx and my supervisor is . With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !
晚上好，所有的评估委员会成员。我来自HUST，主修外国语言学和应用语言学。我是xxx，我的主管是教授。 xxx。凭着她的真诚和智慧的指导，近一年的辛苦工作，我已经完成了我的论文。最后，这是展示时间。今天晚上，我将向大家致以衷心的感谢，我衷心地欢迎您的加入。
我的论文的标题是哥特式风格的研究
我希望通过研究这个短小的故事，我们可以在某些历史和文化中更多地描述美国南方妇女，更多地要求帮助现代社会的妇女对自己有一个广泛的了解，帮助我们提高我的独立性和信心，并更多地关注我们的心理健康该
接下来，我将向您介绍。这是我演讲的大纲。他们是文学评论，哥特式传统，哥特式风格的故事和哥特风格的原因。
本文由六部分组成。第一部分提出了作者威廉·福克纳(William Faulkner)和艾米莉·艾丝丽(A Rose)的作者，指出了这项研究的目的.和意义。第二部分是文献综述，对国内外这本小说进行了相关研究，并指出了理论依据和方法。第三部分给出了小说中哥特式传统的时间表，即死亡主题，独特的人物和神秘的气氛。部分原因，详细介绍了这本小说中哥特式风格的原因：父权制的压迫，南方女士的神话和艾米莉对爱情的态度。最后，在结论中，笔者对以前的部分进行了梳理，再次强调了论文论证的意义。
好的，就是这样。现在你可以提出你的问题!我准备好了!谢谢 ！
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Wu Lin. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu Anjiang, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points(Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van Winkle).
The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Thank you!
good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. i am xxxx and my supervisor is xxx. with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m xxx and come from class x. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is xxxxxxxxxxxxx. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.