珠宝首饰论文设计参考文献

相似宝玉石的常规仪器鉴定摘要:笔者对相似宝玉石进行了论述,重点叙述了28种相似宝玉石品种的鉴别与相似宝玉石品种的区别特征。关键字:相似宝玉石鉴定特征区别 1、钻石与合成碳硅石的鉴别二者在光泽、火彩、密度上基本相同,折射率都大于,用热导仪检测均有钻石反应。所不同的是:合成碳硅石为一轴晶正光性,放大观察时小面棱重影、白线状细长的管状包体,在电导仪下具导电反应;而钻石放大观察无小面棱重影,且具有天然矿物包体,电导仪检测无反应。2、红宝石与红色石榴子石的鉴别二者均为红色、光泽、密度又相似;红宝石为非均质体宝石,具多色性。石榴子石为均质体宝石,无多色性;前者有荧光。后者无;前者的光谱在蓝区为吸收线。后者的光谱在蓝区为吸收带;3、紫水晶、方柱石、堇青石的鉴别三者均为紫色调,折射率、密度基本相似。紫水晶与方柱石的区别在于:前者无解理,贝壳状断囗,有色带,一轴晶正光性。而后者具有解理,参差状断囗,一轴晶负光性;紫水晶与堇青石的区别:堇青石有解理,二轴晶,三色性明显。而紫水晶为弱二色性;堇青石与方柱石的区别:前者明显的三色性,二轴晶。后者弱的二色性,一轴晶;4、碧玺、磷灰石、赛黄晶的鉴别三者虽然颜色各异,但其折射率、密度基本相似。其主要区别在于:碧玺为一轴晶负光性,双折射率大,具明显的二色性,放大观察可见明显的小面棱重影;磷灰石也为一轴晶负光性,但双折射率小,多色性不明显,具解理,在580nm有双吸收线;赛黄晶虽然具解理,但为二轴晶,可见干涉图和弱的荧光;5、石英与长石的鉴别这里的石英是指具有乳光效应、半透明的种类。长石是指具有月光效应的白色品种;二者的区别在于:石英为一轴晶正光性,无解理、贝壳状断囗,折射率为—;长石为二轴晶,有解理、具晕彩效应;6、尖晶石与符山石的鉴别尖晶石与符山石的区别:前者均质性,有时具光性异常,无多色性,放大观察见细小八面体负晶;后者为一轴晶,有多色性,但是双折射率小,放大观察见气液包体、矿物包体;7、透辉石与矽线石的鉴别透辉石的鉴定特征为具有两组解理,断囗为参差状,外光源放大观察(凸面型的底面),除了具明显的阶梯状断面外,还有与之垂直的裂缝,此裂缝即为另一组解理,多具星光效应;与之区别的矽线石特征为:具有一组解理,外光源放大观察(凸面型的底面),具有向珍珠的沙丘纹状的阶梯,实为解理,没有与之垂直的裂缝,此为一组解理的特征,多具有星光效应;8、绿色柱晶石与绿色透辉石的鉴别二者均为二轴晶,也都具猫眼效应。区别在于:柱晶石具明显的多色性,双折射率小。而透辉石具有弱的多色性,双折射率较大,铬透辉石在红区有铬的吸收线;9、无色钠长石玉、无色石英岩玉、无色蛇纹石玉、无色玛瑙的鉴别无色钠长石玉主要由钠长石组成,其折射率均低于,放大观察(凸面型的边部),多数具柱粒状变晶结构;而石英岩玉的折射率为以上,放大观察(凸面型的边部)为鳞片粒状或粒状变晶结构。也就是二者的折射率、结构不一样;无色蛇纹石玉为纤维状变晶结构,区别于石英岩玉、钠长石玉;而玛瑙为隐晶质结构,具同心层状、条带状组构。区别于其它玉石;10、葡萄石与软玉的鉴别葡萄石除可见到特征的放射状结构外,亦可见438nm的弱吸收带。此带位于紫区的边缘,在观察时,必须先观察分光镜紫区的宽窄,然后放上宝石观察才能观察到;软玉为纤维状变晶结构,分光镜检测,各别在蓝区有模糊的吸收线,紫区无;11、翡翠与水钙铝榴石的鉴别此二种玉石只是密度相似,折射率相差较大,二者的结构也有差别,之所以在这里提出,是因为在平时的教学中,学生常把水钙铝榴石鉴定为染色的翡翠。究其原因是学生只观测了滤色镜和密度,而没有测折射率。故二者的区别是:结构、折射率;12、菱锰矿与蔷薇辉石的鉴别二者均为锰至色,又都为粉红色。区别在于:前者的折射率在之间变化,是一个动值。而后者的折射率在左右,是一个固定的值(除外,因测到共生物石英);前者的组构为鲕状、肾状、条带状、层纹状、粒状等。而后者为柱粒状变晶结构;前者盐酸测试有反应,后者无反应;以上是笔者在多年的教学实践中总结出来的一些经验,由于样品所限,难免有挂一漏万之嫌。故只能是抛砖引玉,以此启发、告诫同行和后人,少走或不走弯路。因为在宝玉石的鉴定过程中,要有科学的态度,严紧求实的作风。切不可对所从事的工作不负责任,我们鉴定工作者的失误,会给消费者和商家带来不必要的麻烦、社会的不和协、经济上的纠纷等,为此宝玉石鉴定是一项科学性和技术性很强的工作,必须严格地按照工作程序有步骤和有条理的进行,而不应敷衍塞责、信口开河、应付了事。宝玉石鉴定的结果应该是准确无误,即使经权威的宝玉石鉴定专家运用现代的仪器设备进行核查也仍然如此。以树立良好的信誉。珠宝鉴定工作者必须具有强烈的事业心、有为国家和社会、为人民负责任的精神,愿意为宝玉石事业发展而努力工作,做诚实守信的模范。参考文献李劲松.赵松龄等。宝玉石大典.北京:北京出版社2001李兆聪.宝石鉴定法.北京地质出版社1994

恩啊来帮你的，，行

我国钻石销售与人均收入的实证分析摘要：随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对钻石的消费也在增加，文章主要研究国民人均收入对钻石的年销售额的影响。利用ADF单位根检验，EG协整分析和动态经济学模型，Grange因果关系检验等计量经济理论，对1990-2007年国民人均年收入与钻石年消费总额之间的关系进行了计量经济学分析。关键词：协整理论；ADF检验；Almon滞后模型；格兰杰检验一、引言随着我国经济的发展，人们生活水平的提高，珠宝等奢侈品已逐步进入了人们的生活，而且收入的增加自然也会促进珠宝首饰的消费，本文就珠宝里具有一定代表性的一个大类———钻石为研究对象，利用1990-2007年来的数据，对我国钻石的消费与国民的人均收入的数量关系，做一个实证的研究。我们将借助20世纪80年代发展起来的协整理论，动态经济模型来尝试得出具体的钻石消费方程式并进行定量的分析，探讨我国钻石年消费金额（以下简称为钻石消费yt）与国民人均年收入（以下简称人均收入xt）之间的计量经济学关系。二、人均收入与钻石消费的一元线性回归（OLS法）本文所考察的是我国居民的人均收入与钻石消费之间的关系，根据《中国统计年鉴》统计年鉴各卷，整理出各年国民收入与行业里有关钻石的消费的数据由图1可知，2002年以前人均收入与钻石消费增长得比较缓慢，从2002年开始，增长加速，增势明显，可以看到，人均收入与钻石消费始终保持同步增长，但2002年以前两者增长的关系更为紧密，从2002年开始收入与消费之间的差距开始扩大，但仍能保持共同增长的趋势。它们的对数形式也有同样的趋势。从两者的走势可明显地看出呈现同向变动的趋势，通过计算可知：格兰杰检验说明：有的显著水平认为，lx是lyt的格兰杰原因，即人均收入的增加是钻石销费增加的格兰杰原因。五、结论1990-2007年期间，人均收入与钻石消费不具有协整关系，即不具有长期的均衡关系。但长期来说，人均收入的增长对钻石的消费的增长有着重要影响，要想提高钻石消费，只有提高国民的人均收入。由动态滞后回归方程②式可知当人均收入为0时，钻石的消费为，符合实际经济意义。回归方程中X的系数是短期（即期）乘数，表示当期的人均收入增加1个单位时，钻石销售会增加个单位，X（-1），X（-2），X（-3）的系数为动态（延迟）乘数，反映的分别是滞后一期、滞后二期和滞后三期的人均收入每增加1个单位，当期钻石销售将会减少，增加和减少个单位。这4个系数之和为则为长期（均衡）乘数，总体上说由于滞后效应，当人均收入增加1个单位，则钻石销售的平均总增加个单位。可以看到，随收入的增加，钻石消费也会相应的增加。本文利用钻石消费与人均收入的分布滞后关系，建立了钻石消费与人均收入的动态经济学模型———阿尔蒙多（Al-mon）滞后模型，为我国珠宝业中的钻石消费是如何随国民人均收入的提高而增长提供了一些参考。参考文献：1、潘省初.计量经济学[M].中国人民大学出版社,、郭存芝等.计量经济学———理论·方法·EViews应用[M].科学出版社,2008.

靠……你也要啊一样一样的……

浅论“点”在商业首饰设计中的应用更新时间 2009-2-23 21:30:32 打印此文 点击数 96 摘要:在当今商业首饰设计艺术中，用于珠宝设计的构成手段可谓风格各异、流派繁多。但最富于时代精神的表现形式莫过于“点”的构成运用。点的形状、方向、大小、位置、聚集，发散，组合能够给人带来不同的心理感受和艺术魅力。本文分析近几年来商业珠宝首饰设计艺术中“点”的表现形式大体总结归纳出三种类型：强调整齐划一，以形成秩序美。运用自然散点的构图，获得多变的视觉效应。采用类似群化的组合，显露时代风格。关键词:首饰设计形式风格艺术魅力“点”在几何学中的意义只是表明位置而不具备面积和方向，但在设计构成中，代写论文 “点”作为造型要素之一，却具有无法取代的重要作用。在人类远古时期，“点”在手工制品表面装饰纹样中就已经被得到了大量的运用，时至今日，设计师依然情衷于“点”的易变随性和多样组合，再现着“点”那令人惊叹的艺术魅力。一、强调整齐划一。以形成秩序美所谓秩序感，就是一种赋予了作品统一性，而体现出作品的美感与冲击力，从而给人带来的一种稳重感、流畅感和归整感。秩序美是种模式情怀。它蕴含在大小相同、间隔相等、横平竖直的严格模式中。整齐划一虽极易陷入单板，然而背水一战，在极致中追求突破，同样会产生极具个性的优秀作品。秩序美更是种韵律心思。它蕴含在罗列整齐、组合清晰的流畅旋律里。单纯却又意义丰富，代写毕业论文 简明却又规律连续，在统一性和重复性中体现作品的视觉冲击。珠宝首饰没计中的重要原则：条理与反复，同样也是形式美的一种法则。他们是构成秩序美的重要因素。所谓的条理就是有组织、有规律地在设计中对画面进行?概括整理；反复是指把相同、相似的形象有规律的重复排列。调整连续而反复排列的单元个体也会产生如音乐节奏一样的律动感，也能使单调的形式和色彩产生变化而变得缤纷。例如我们所接触的二方连续、四方连续。运用此项秩序美的典型作品是这款源于Tifany经典设计。整体造型装饰简洁、醒目，将横点的等间距排列法应用到了手链造型设计装饰中，把一种完整的秩序美感呈现在了人们的面前。这种“点“的等间距排列法在此款手链设计装饰中将Tifany的创作精髓和理念表现得十分贴切。简约鲜明的线条诉说着冷静超然的明晰与令人心动神移的优稚。和谐、比例与条理在每一件Tifany设计作品巾都得到了自然的融合呈现。图(1)的作品中前后环衬的设计展现了这一设计理念的主题，不是一次性简单的重复，而是采用了两种大小不同的点相互组合，从侧面观看，较大的“点”在一群较小的点的上方，使整个画面呈现出从大到小的流动感，这样一大一小的反复变化将相同的形和色作规律的重复排列，产生了单纯、统一的感觉，给佩带者带来鲜明而深刻的印象。二、运用自然散点的构图，获得多变的视觉效应如果说整齐划一如同节奏感很强的打击乐，那么散点构成就是旋律优美的丝竹乐。散点构成简而有序、散而不乱、活泼多变。设计者看似随性而为，实者已在不露声色中营造出了视觉美感。运用形式美的法则中另外的两个重要因素是节奏与韵律。节奏原本是指音乐中节拍的长短，用在珠宝设计中，主要体现在图画中点、线、面、形、色的大小、轻重、虚实、快慢的变化；而韵律原本是指诗词中的抑扬顿搓所产生的感觉，在珠宝设计运用中，体现在各元素之间的风格、样式在统一前提下的变化。在图(2)这款耳坠的造型设计中，运用的是一种近乎自然的设计风格。“点”状的花芯图案大小相同、层次分明，代写留学生论文 呈参差状悬吊在空中。耳坠的仿花造型十分逼真，花朵用白银制作，花芯用圆形珊瑚制作。花芯以点的形式呈流动状分布，彼此参差有序，十分自然，毫无做作，把一种自然的情态表现得淋漓尽致，带来一种美妙的艺术享受。图(3)的作品是香港珠宝设计比赛得奖作品中的一款，设计主题灵感来源于烟花。如同烟花的绚烂缤纷一样，散点构成的规律也是丰富多样的。此款设计的风格明显浪漫多于严谨，那么散点构成的手法是最合适不过的。我们通过作品来分析一下散点构成的变化：这款手镯用钻石材质的点做不规则的组织排列，形式自由，星罗棋布般地点缀着，或大或小，或穿透或凸显。光折射出钻石的缤纷火彩，晶莹而又绚烂，使人们联想到头顶灿烂的星空中，烟花以不同的形式在不断的燃烧赞放，具有很强的感染力。相比之下，图(4)作品的设计所采用的散点构成就显得含蓄而理性化了。设计者似乎是漫不经心地将珍珠散乱地排列在桌面上，但从排列的疏密聚散，色彩的协调搭配，均可以感到是经过设计者精密地计算的。作品以球形的点构成为主，大大小小的单元个体有序地排列，其间跳动的色彩或深或浅，与单元个体相呼应，比例有松有紧，从点到线，合理地表达了珍珠优雅含蓄的气质，在和谐中透出华美。三、采用类似群化的组合，显露时代风格“点”的外形并不局限于圆形一种，也可以是正方形、三角型、矩形及不规则形等等。但其面积的大小，要限制在“点”的视觉效应的范围之内。在等间隔构成的网络上，把某一个或某一组单元的圆点，变换为上述其它各种形状中的某种或某几种，这种手法被称为类似群化组合。类似群化组合的特点在于统一之中蕴育着变化。每一季配饰都有新的设计元素，从花朵、蝴蝶到几何图案无奇不有，而本季尤以环形配饰以及多种形状的类似群化组合构成为最新焦点，如图(5—7)所示。代写硕士论文与以往不同，本季环形不再简单地强调大，而是善于将不同材质、不同光泽的元素进行组合，使之具有现代感的造型。装饰图案是以圆点、方点、菱形点、十字花纹点等多种形状的类似群化组合为主，均匀分布在主线链条上。所用的材质有树胶、珍珠、金属、玻璃等等，此类具不同光泽的“点f”密集而有节奏地在链条上有序排列，不断延伸，形成一定的量感，与金属链条构架一起，给人以丰富而现代的感觉。不同的材质将活泼与时尚结合起来，将复杂、简约、古典、现代等多种元素融为一体。综上所述，我们不难发现珠宝设计师们正在无穷尽地挖掘着“点”的艺术表现力和感染力。也正因为如此，“点”也更具有无穷尽的艺术表现力和感染力。但愿我国的珠宝设计工作者们重视“点”这个最基本的造型要素，借以激发灵感，记录下自己艺术思维活动中那闪光的理念瞬间。参考文献：[1]英（克）莱夫·贝尔著同金环，马钟元译艺术[M]中国文艺联合出版公司，1984．[2]凌继尧，徐恒醇．艺术设计学[M]．上海人民出社，2001．论文网 on the "point" in the commercial jewelry design updated 2009-2-23 21:30:32 Hits 96 Print this article Abstract: In today's art jewelry design business for jewelry design style can be described as the composition of the various means different from many schools. However, the most wealth to the manifestations of the spirit of the times is the "point" of the composition of the application. Point the shape, direction, size, location, gathering, divergent, different combinations can bring feelings of psychological and artistic charm. This paper analyzes the business in recent years the art of jewelry design, "points" summarized the general expressions of three types: emphasis on uniform,Order to form the United States. Scatter the use of natural composition, access to changing the visual effect. Use a similar combination of grouping, show : jewelry design art form style charm"Point" in the meaning of geometry shows that the location not only have the size and direction, but in the design of composition, writing papers, "point" as one of modeling elements, but with the important role that can not be replaced. In ancient times human beings, "points" in the artefacts on the surface of decorative patterns have been received a lot of use now, designers continue to work the situation to "point" with the volatile and diverse portfolio, again with " point "that amazing artistic , emphasis on uniform. Order to form the United StatesThe order of the so-called flu, is a unity given works, and works reflect the beauty and impact, and thus bring a sense of a stable, smooth feel and sense to the order of the United States is a mode of feeling. It contains the same in size, the same interval, Wang Ping strict vertical mode. Although vulnerable to a single uniform, but背水一战, in the ultimate breakthrough in the pursuit of the same will produce outstanding works of great order of the United States is thought of rhythm. It contains the list of neat, clear and smooth combination of melody in. Significance of a simple but rich, but simple to write graduation thesis for the law, uniformity and repeatability in the work embodied in visual jewelry of the important principles: systematic and repeated, but also a law of formal beauty. They constitute an important factor in the order of the United States. Is organized so-called well-organized, regularly in the design of the screen for? Summary of finishing; repeatedly refers to the same image is similar to regular repeat order. Repeated with adjustment for individual units will also have the same rhythm as the music dynamic law, but also enable the monotonous change in form and color has become fun. For example, we have come in contact with the second side row, row order of the United States the use of this work is typical of this classic design from Tifany. Modeling the overall decoration is simple and eye-catching, the horizontalPoint method with applications such as distance to the decorative design of bracelet to order a complete sense of beauty presented in front of people. This "point" with spacing, etc. This bracelet design in the decoration will be the essence of Tifany creative and very relevant concept. Simple story line with a distinct clarity and calm aloof exciting move of God's gifted young. Harmony, proportion and well-organized in every towel Tifany designs have been a natural convergence. Figure (1) before and after work in the design of liner ring demonstrated the theme of this design concept, not a simple one-time duplication,Instead of using the two different points, the size of each portfolio, from the side view, the larger "point" in the group of the top of the smaller points so that the whole screen showing the movement of smallest sense, so that small freshman repeated changes in the same shape and color of the repeat order for the law, resulting in a simple, unified feel to the wearer brings a clear and profound impression on , the use of the natural scatter of the composition, access to the visual effect of changingUniform, as if a strong sense of rhythm of percussion, then scatter the beautiful composition is the melody string and wind music. Scatter constitute simple and orderly, rather than scattered and chaotic, lively and changeable. Rather appears as the designer for, it has created in the quiet of the visual rules of use of the two important additional factor is the tempo and rhythm. Refers to the rhythm of the original length of the beat music, used in jewelry design, the main point in the picture, line, surface, shape, color, size, weight, actual situation, the pace of change; and the rhythm of poetry in the original refers to the circumflex Dayton feeling generated by rubbing in the use of jewelry design, manifested in the various elements of style, under the premise of a unified style Figure (2) The design of the earring, the use of a near-natural style. "Points" to spend like the size of the same core design, structured, students write papers on behalf of irregular shape were suspended in the air. Imitation earring flower shape is very realistic, with silver flower production, flower production of the core with a circular coral reef. Spent batteries were in the form of point-like flow distribution, vary with each other in an orderly, very natural, without affectation, and a natural modal performance thoroughly, bringing the enjoyment of a wonderful (3) the work is the Hong Kong Jewelry Design Competition winning entries in a design theme inspired by the fireworks. Fun as splendid fireworks, as posed by the law of scatter is also rich and varied. This design style obviously stringent than romantic, then scatter the way constitute the most appropriate. We work to analyze changes in the composition of scatter: The bracelets with diamond material points of the organizations do with irregular, free-form, dotted with well-like, large or small, or to penetrate or highlights. Light reflects colorful diamonds color of fire, crystal clear and gorgeous, so that people think of a brilliant sky overhead, theTo different forms of fireworks in the ongoing release of combustion Chan, has a strong contrast, Figure (4) used in the design of works of scatter it is constituted of a subtle and rational. Designers seem to be scattered pearls carelessly will arrange the desktop, but with the density separation, color coordinated with all the designer can feel is the result of precision calculations. Works to constitute the main points of the spherical, large and small, individual units arranged in an orderly manner, during which the beating of the color or deep or shallow, with echoes of individual units, the proportion of pine has tight line from a point to a reasonable expression of a pearl subtle elegant temperament, China and the United States revealed in , use a similar combination of grouping, show style"Point" is not confined to the shape of a circle, it can be square, triangular, rectangular and irregular-shaped and so on. However, the size of its area, it is necessary to limit the "point" of the visual effects within the scope of. In a network such as the interval to a particular unit or group of dots, for the other transformation of the shape of one or a few, this approach is known as the grouping of similar composition. Grouping of similar features of a unified portfolio changes among for every quarter are new design elements, from the flowers, butterflies into strange geometric patterns have, and this season especially in accessories, as well as a variety of ring-shaped grouping of similar combinations for the latest focus of Figure (5-7) by show. Master's thesis writing and the past, this season is no longer simply to emphasize the ring, but that it is good to be different materials, different elements of the combination of gloss to make it with modern design. Decorative patterns are dots, square-point, diamond point, cross a variety of patterns, such as grouping similar combination of shape-based, uniformly distributed in the main line of the chain. Materials used are rubber, pearl, metal, glass, sum up, we can easily find designer jewelry are endless excavation to the "point" of artistic expression and influence. Precisely because of this, "point" has come to an end any more of the artistic expression and influence. Hopefully, our attention to jewelry design workers "point" of this basic design elements inspired to record their activities in the arts of thinking that the concept of instantaneous flash.

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