中西文化论文研究

对中西文化进行了深入的探源分析，通过对比研究，剖析其不同的自然观、世界观，寻求不同意识形态的表征语言。下文是我为大家整理的关于中西文化对比论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!

中西禁忌文化对比研究

摘 要：禁忌是世界各民族共有的文化现象，是跨文化交际中的一大障碍，本文通过对中西文化禁忌的对比研究，提高人们的文化意识，避免交际冲突和失败，以此提高跨文化交际能力。

关键词：禁忌;文化差异;跨文化交际能力

禁忌(taboo) 源于太平洋汤加群岛的Togan(汤加语)，是一种普遍的文化现象，指通过禁止人们实施某种行为或者回避某些话语表达对神灵的敬畏或达到消灾避祸目的的规范。由于文化不同，各国间的禁忌习俗也不尽相同。

禁忌是世界各国共有的文化现象，只是禁忌的内容和形式有所不同。禁忌几乎无处不在，按照禁忌的范畴来分，可分为宗教禁忌和生活禁忌，其中生活禁忌包含其中生活禁忌包含饮食禁忌、服饰禁忌、婚姻禁忌、丧葬禁忌等方面，本文主要从宗教和生活禁忌两个方面探讨各国文化的异同。

一、宗教禁忌

世界各国人民都有不同的信仰，英语国家的人主要信仰基督教，另外还有天主教、新教和东正教。中国的宗教的有佛教、道教和伊斯兰教。宗教不同，禁忌也有很大差异。

1.基督教禁忌

基督教忌讳拜除上帝以外的偶像，进入教堂要严肃，保持安静，以表达对神的敬意。忌食带血的食物，忌衣冠不整和在聚会或礼拜中吸烟等。同时， 在西方信奉基督教的国家里，人们都记得耶稣被叛徒出卖，钉死在十字架上的故事。因此在耶稣受难日的当天，绝对不能从事与耶稣在十字架上受难有象征性联系的事情，如：理发、钉马蹄，钉钉子等。

2.天主教禁忌

天主教是基督教的三大教派之一，除基督教的某些禁忌外，天主教还有自身独特的禁忌。如：天主教的主教、修女和神父是不能结婚的，因此他们的相关隐私如子女问题是不能问及的。参加丧礼忌穿色泽艳丽的衣服，忌说笑;丧礼后两三星期死者亲属忌见客人，一年内忌参加大型宴会或舞会等。

3.佛教禁忌

佛教禁忌包含身体行为方面的禁忌如不杀生，不偷盗，不淫邪;语言方面的禁忌如不妄语，不恶口;意识方面的禁忌如不贪欲等。因此，信奉佛教的人忌吃荤食、不结婚、不蓄财。僧侣和教徒非常注重头部，忌讳别人提着物品从头部经过，忌随便抚摸小孩子的头部。忌当着僧侣的面杀生，喝酒，吃肉。女士面对僧侣忌穿着暴露;对于女信徒，在生理期间不得进入寺院朝拜，以免亵渎神像。

4.伊斯兰教禁忌

伊斯兰教是世界三大宗教之一，信奉者遍布世界各个国家和地区，在饮食方面，信仰者忌吃自死和非正常死亡的动物，忌饮酒。妇女忌外出工作，忌与男子相互观看，妇女在陌生人面前要带面纱。(《中国实用禁忌大全》，1991)①他们认为妇女除双手、双足和面部外，其余身体部位，不能显露给丈夫以外的男子观看。在卫生方面，禁止用右手处理污秽事物，如大小便均需用左，忌讳用左手给人传递物品尤其是事物。

二、生活禁忌

生活中禁忌很多，比如在英国，避免问他人私事，不能插队，忌购物时讨价还价等。下面着重谈一下饮食和饮酒方面的禁忌。

1.饮食禁忌

饮食是生活的重要组成部分，饮食禁忌包含饮食内容和饮食方式两个方面。中国人的饮食禁忌主要表现在饮食规矩而不是饮食内容上。中国人几乎什么都吃，包括动物的头脚和内脏。英语国家的人忌吃肥肉、粘骨，忌食动物的头脚或内脏制成的食品。忌食狗肉、蛇肉等特殊动物制成的食品。忌食大蒜等有酸辣味道的食品。在饮食规矩方面他们也有一些禁忌，如喝汤时忌出声，进餐时忌狼吞虎咽，用刀叉进菜时忌叮当作响。餐毕，刀叉忌乱放。忌当众挑牙，口中有食物时讲话。

2.饮酒禁忌

中国和英语国家在饮酒禁忌方面有较大差异。西方酒类繁多，讲究不同场合，不同饭菜配不同的酒。比如，饭前喝开胃酒，饭中喝佐餐酒，饭后喝鸡尾酒或威士忌酒等。隆重的宴会上，他们会一道菜换一种酒，有时会把几种酒参在一起混饮。而中国人主张隆重场合喝一种酒，混饮现象更是少见。西方人喝酒忌畅饮，一醉方休，而中国人忌牛饮或急饮。主人给客人斟酒宜勤，但忌浅、忌溢。

三、社交禁忌

在英语国家里，拜访某人需提前预约，否则会打乱别人的安排，造成不便。突然造访被视为粗鲁无礼的表现。以前中国人除了大事没有预约访客的习惯，但随着社会节奏的较快，预约访客逐渐开始实行，但没有那么严格。在预约到达时间上，中西方也存在差异。在西方晚到十分钟被视为正常现象，美国人习惯晚到3-5分钟，因为一般情况下女主人忙于饭菜，饭前5分钟才有时间换衣服，早到会使主人感到尴尬。在中国，人们习惯于提前4-5分钟到达以示尊敬。

在西方国家，隐私是最大的禁忌。与西方人交谈时切忌谈论涉及个人隐私的问题如年龄、收入、婚姻等。而在中国上述问题则被作为关注的话题加以讨论。中国人也有忌谈的东西如涉及个人尊严、缺点、短处等方面的事情。

在英语国家，有一火不点三支烟的忌讳。也就是说点一次火只能连续给两个人点烟，如果给第三个人点烟时需重新点火，否则会给其中一个人带来不便。

英语国家的人们在传统的节日互送小礼品是常有的事儿，但忌送重礼，重礼被认为是一种行贿行为。在美国，忌讳在公共场合或者业务交往过程中送礼，忌讳送有公司标志的东西(好像是在为公司做广告)。在英语国家，毫无缘由的送礼会使受礼者感到莫名其妙，这和中国相似。

四、其他禁忌

关于颜色的忌讳。在欧美国家，尽量少用黑色，比利时人忌讳蓝色，巴西人忌讳黄色。在中国，忌用红笔写自己的名字和写信。

关于数字的忌讳。西方人把“十三”视为不吉利的数字，公共场合尽量避免使用这个数字。“星期五”在西方被视为黑色星期五。据说耶稣是在这一天被钉在十字架上的，亚当夏娃是在这一天偷吃禁果的，大洪水也是在这一天爆发的。

中国人忌讳使用“四”和“三”(散的谐音)，在喜庆场合避免使用这些数字。

由此可见，不同的国家和民族有不同的禁忌，不了解对方国家的禁忌就会导致友谊破裂，交际失败，种族冲突等严重问题。在跨文化交际的过程中，要想达到交际成功，避免文化冲突，必须了解对方的文化禁忌。通过深入的对比研究，提高文化意识，减少文化冲突，促进跨文化交际的顺利进行。

参考文献：

[1] 杨宗、聂嘉恩、郭全胜，《中国实用禁忌大全》，1991，上海：上海文化出版社

[2] 胡文中、杜学增，《中英文化习俗比较》，1998，北京：北京外语教学与研究出版社

[3] 李建军、李贵苍，《跨文化交际》，2011，武汉：武汉大学出版社

中西餐桌礼仪文化禁忌的对比

摘 要：随着各国之间的交流日益密切，了解西方的餐桌礼仪文化对于了解西方文化至关重要。本文主要从餐具摆放及使用方面介绍中西餐桌礼仪文化的差异，来比较中西文方餐桌礼仪禁忌的差异，并剖析这些差异背景，加深我们的了解。

关键词：禁忌;餐桌;礼仪;中西方

一、引言

餐桌礼仪在日常生活中扮演着重要的角色，在中西方文化交流中的作用自然也不可小觑。中西方餐桌礼仪文化主要由入席离席、餐具使用与摆放、上菜顺序及品酒四个方面组成。本文旨在介绍中西餐桌礼仪文化禁忌的差异，主要从餐具摆放及使用这一方面来比较中西文方餐桌礼仪禁忌的差异，并剖析这些差异背景，加深对西方文化的了解。

二、问卷的数据分析

通过对问卷进行发放，采访被调查者，我们了解到大家对中西方餐桌礼仪禁忌的认识很局限，并且极少数人对其后的文化背景进行过探析，下面是我们分析问卷的详细情况。下面是我们分析问卷的详细情况，通过分析问卷，我们可以得出被调查者中大二的较多，占有效百分比为;大一占，大三占，而大四的最少，占有效百分比为。被调查者中英语类所占比例为，非英语类占，英语类和非英语类所占比例几乎相当。通过这些问卷的结果显示被调查者对中西餐桌礼仪文化的禁忌了解程度一般，而相当一部分人对此不了解。

具体分析问卷得出，大家对于极少数禁忌了解比较深，但是却很少有几个人了解到其中的文化渊源，对于其它中西文化餐桌礼仪禁忌的了解有限，有待加强。因此，我们将主要从中西文化餐桌的餐具使用及摆放这方面的对比和背景进行分析，系统的分析中西文化餐桌礼仪并究其根源。

三、正 文

餐桌礼仪在日常生活中扮演着重要的角色，也体现了中西方文化的差异。

餐具的摆放及使用

(1)筷子的摆放、使用及禁忌(忌讳、讲究)

通常就餐之前，在中国筷子的摆放应该放在饭碗的右侧，并且一定要两端对齐的整齐地摆放。如果是就餐期间使用筷子夹完菜之后，但是并没有连续进食，筷子则应整齐地竖向饭碗的正中间。

在中国餐桌上会看到一些这样的场景，客人拿起筷子夹菜时会举棋不定，不知道夹什么好，这种现象被称为“疑筷”，在正式的场合中疑这是较为忌讳的，在非正式的场合中则不是很严格。在夹菜时一些客人用筷子在菜盘里来来回回扒拉到底要夹什么菜，这种现象被称为“脏筷”。脏筷从浅层意义上来讲是不礼貌的。有时候大家会在中国的餐桌上看到两个人同时夹同一道菜时，不小心筷子撞在一起的情形，这一现象被称之为“抢筷”。为避免尴尬，人们在遇到这种情况时会巧妙地半开玩笑地说一句：“让我来帮你夹怎么样?”或者一方表示谦让地让对方来先夹。一般在连续就进餐时，筷子上仍然留着吃上一道菜留下的残迹就去夹菜的情况被称之为“粘筷”，这是忌讳的，所以在打算夹菜时要轻轻小嘬筷子，来避免夹别的菜时筷子上还粘着东西。

在吃放间隙聊天的时候，筷子的一大禁忌就是“指筷”，及用筷子指人。在用餐之时，最为忌讳的是“供筷”，就是将筷子插在饭菜上或者自己的饭碗中央。在中国的传统当中，一般在祭奠去世的人会上香叩拜，如果将筷子插在饭菜中央就与这一情形及其相似，因此，供筷不论在正式的还是非正式的中国餐桌上都是最大的禁忌之一。

除了以上描述的之外，中餐当中使用筷子的禁忌还有忌“刺筷”，即在夹不起菜的时候将筷子当叉子用，扎着夹;忌“别筷”，就是拿筷子当刀使用，用筷子撕扯肉类菜;忌“泪筷”，即在夹菜的时候使菜上有的汤汁淋了一桌;忌“敲筷子”。在等待就餐时，不能坐在桌边一手拿一根筷子随意敲打或用筷子敲打碗盏或茶杯。忌“叉筷”。 筷子不能一横一竖交叉摆放，不能一根大头，一根小头。用餐完毕，筷子应整齐地搁在靠碗右边的桌上。

(2)西方餐具的摆放、使用以及禁忌

相对于中餐，西餐的餐具则更为复杂。狭义上的西餐餐具有：刀、叉、匙三大件。刀子分为食用刀、鱼刀、肉刀(刀口有锯齿，用以切牛排、猪排等)、黄油刀和水果刀。叉子分为食用叉、鱼叉、肉叉和虾叉。匙子则有汤匙、甜食匙、茶匙。公用刀、叉、匙的规格明显大于餐用刀叉。而广义上的西餐餐具则包含：刀、叉、匙、盘、杯、餐巾等。其中盘又有菜盘、布丁盘、奶盘、白脱盘等。

在餐具摆放中，各个西方国家摆放西餐餐具遵循的共同规则是：“垫盘居中，左叉右刀，刀尖向上，刀口向内”。具体的规则有：“盘前横匙，主食靠左，餐具靠右”，其余用具酌情摆放;酒杯的数量与酒的种类相等，摆法是从左到右，依次摆烈性酒杯，葡萄酒杯，香槟酒杯，啤酒杯;西餐中餐巾放在盘子里，如果在宾客尚未落坐前需要往盘子里放某些物品，餐巾就放在盘子旁边。

西餐用餐餐具摆放为八字形，如果在用餐中途暂时休息片刻，可将刀叉分话盘中，刀头与叉尖相对成”一”字形或”八”字形，刀叉朝向自己，表示还是继续吃。用餐结束的摆置方式有两种：用餐结束后中，可将叉子的下面向上，刀子的刀刃侧向内与叉子并拢，平行放置于餐盘上。在宴会中，每吃一道菜用一副刀叉，对摆在面前的刀叉，是从外侧依次向内取用，因为刀叉摆放的顺序正是每道菜上桌的顺序。刀叉用完了，上菜也结束了。刀与叉除了将料理切开送入口中之外，还有另一项非常重要的功用：刀叉的摆置方式传达出“用餐中”或是“结束用餐”之讯息，而服务生是利用这种方式判断客人的用餐情形，刀叉柄朝向自己并列放在盘子里，则表示这一道菜已经用好，服务员就会把盘子撤去。

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[7]林丽端.中西方饮食文化之比较[J]，2009(18).

[8]杜莉， 孙俊秀. 西方餐饮文化，中国轻工业出版社

中西方人格观念的差异造成中西方两种自成系统的文化传统，从而产生差异。中国文化传统追求“天人合一”的境界，即人与客体对象的融合，从而达到无我无对象的水平；西方文化传统是通过对自然的观察分析，达到控制自然的目的，为我所用。要达到中国文化所尊崇的至高境界，其负载形式通常都是比较柔和的“琴棋书画”等“高雅”技术。而排斥经世致用的改造自然的科学技术。2、 思想文化所带来的差异。中国一直受儒家思想所左右，它对于中国从古到今的影响都是极其深刻而广泛的，儒家宣传“万般皆下品思想，唯有读书高”，但它所宣扬的书是四书五经，那些爱搞发明创造的人被称做是奇技淫巧，并被归类到地位低下的工匠行列中去。中国有许多古话，什么“劳心者治人，劳力者治于人”，“学而优则仕”等等，所以有聪明才学的人都不以科技方面有所长为荣，那些不钻研做官技术而钻研科技技术的人永远不会得到荣誉，也进入不了上流社会。那些有文化的人无不沉迷于士大夫阶层所讲求的风流文雅，把时间花在风花雪月，吹拉弹唱，弹琴下棋，饮酒赋诗上。他们追求的是儒家所谓自己高尚的精神境界，才不会想到如何用自己的学问去帮助泥腿子们生产劳动。政府也对技术改进和发明没有任何的推动作用，不在这些方面有所鼓励。在西方却不太一样，基督教讲究在上帝面前人人平等，谁能创造财富，并施舍帮助穷人，谁就能进入天堂。基督徒是“一批指甲上沾着污垢的知识分子”，这种劳动与知识的结合、以及没有权威、人人平等的精神是科学发展的重要因素。自从汉武帝搞罢黜百家、独尊儒术以后，中国就再也没出过什么大思想家，中国历史上的大思想家都出现在先秦时代，到了明清就更无足取，以后的中国学者，最擅长的是就前人的经典做文章，从书本到书本。这就说明了独尊儒术政策的实施，对于人们思想的控制到了何种地步，而需要创新精神、挑战精神的科学就更加被深深地扼死了。3、 宗教文化所带来的差异西方社会在中世纪宗教独尊独统太深，反抗的力量就大，许多有识之士要研究科学以破除神学的迷信。比如培根，他就尖锐地抨击经院哲学蔑视自然、扼杀自然科学真理的情形，所以他提出的新理论是主张要以自然科学为基础，他后来成为西方哲学和科学史上一位划时代的人物。他积极思考，为了给科学争取一块存在和发展的空间，提出了“二重真理说”，也就是科学与宗教互不干扰的学说。他提出了科学的复兴的论点，指出科学发展对社会发展有巨大的推动作用。还有笛卡尔，他主张提出理性主义反对经院哲学的信仰主义，提介以具体的科学研究反对经院哲学和形式主义，为了对经院哲学进行批判和清算，他主张人们在认识之前，要用“理性”对过去接受的思想进行审查，这种精神垫定了西方科学精神的基石。希腊的观念以一个永恒的第一动因或外在的造物主为特点，所以希腊自然科学的动力就是去发现造物主设下的宇宙秩序的规律。而西方相当长一段时间的宗教统治也合乎这样的观点，许多文艺复兴时的科学家一开始都是神学家，他们甚至是为了在天空中找寻上帝而去研究星空的，但最后他们通过自已的研究却证明了上帝的不存在，于是反抗的力量就更大的。而中国的学者没有这种要破除迷信神学的动力，因为自古宗教在中国就没有完全占据过统治地位，同时，由于中国一向丰衣足食，人们的崇神思想没有那么重，当然同时，改革社会生产力的动力也没那么大，而农业在当时的情况下也不太需要太多的科技帮助就已可以达到不错的收获，这一切都造成了中国后期的科技进展缓慢的结果。西方宗教独尊的黑暗还影响到教育的改革，14世纪，当文艺复兴开始时，青年们都聚集到可以解释古典名著的学者周围，这些学者通过开办学校以及对教学内容的改革，来与原来的宗教教育对抗，这就开了西方新式教育的先河，西方在文艺复兴后，自然科学教育成为正规教育一部分。而中国没有这种要破除黑暗的宗教统治的情形，学者们都沿着老路在走，只教儒学，所以没有新式教育的出现。西方的宗教是一个扩张的宗教，他们的传教士到全世界去，要把他们的宗教强加给全世界的人民，而中国从来没有这种传统。我们的道教是土生土长的宗教，什么时候见到道士们跑遍全世界把自已的宗教观点硬性贯输给人家？西方的宗教扩张甚至用军队来扩张，不接受他们的宗教的就杀光，中国的宗教可曾做过这样的事？道士们都是住在深山中，有人上门肯求加入还要左挑右剔，轻易不肯接受。同时，这些搞宗教扩张的传教士们却在加强勾通方面起了很重要的作用，当年马可波罗的往来就是受教庭之托，而1698年法国的海神号第一次往来与法中之间，也是由神父们向路易十四送上了康熙帝的礼物，包括法国人从来没有见过的绚丽多彩的绸缎、瓷器、茶叶。当时的法国人从来没有见过这些，茶被他们称为神奇的叶子，认为它可以包治百病，并很快在欧州掀起了饮茶的热潮。科学是交流的产物，在许多情况下科学发明和发现都是靠触类旁通的方法产生，所以西方的这种宗教扩张也起到了一些它原来没有想到的作用。

Chinese and Western cultural differences in the performance of every aspect of daily life from the greeting 、 term diet and cultural differences in the way of thinking in the abstract, such as differences everywhere, from the West focus on the following colors to express the difference between Chinese and Western cultural differences in areas such as a wedding set. First, in the West to express the color difference Different colors in different languages is not expressed in the same way. The representative of China in a sense, the West has a meaning that even the "color" to understand the meaning of the contrary. (A) red (red) Whether in China or in the English-speaking countries, often in red and festive celebrations or day-related. Calendar, red font used these days, therefore, red letter day: refers to the "Day" or "happy occasion." It also refers to the red "liabilities" or "loss" because people are always negative in red to register. So there are these phrases: red figure deficit in the red loss In common with the Chinese "red" words, translated into English, may not necessarily use the "red" for example: brown sugar brown sugar red wine red wine (B) yellow Yellow in English and Chinese in the extended meaning of the differences are considerable. In English, yellow can be said that the "timid, cowardly, despicable," meaning, for example: a yellow dog despicable, cowardly people a yellow livered coward Chinese yellow symbol of the term is sometimes vulgar, vulgar and obscene, indecent indecency means, such as yellow film, erotica, yellow CD, and so on. These in the name of "yellow" in English and "yellow" has nothing to do. However, in another English word blue is the color used to indicate the kind of meaning in Chinese, such as the blue jokes (dirty joke), blue films (yellow film). Second, the cultural differences in Western wedding First of all, in Western wedding culture and the first in the West in thinking about the differences: the Chinese people more conservative, like excitement, more old-fashioned thinking, so in the history of China for thousands of years the entire wedding customs did not change much. The thinking in the West is more open to the requirements of the wedding will be lower, they will be the climax of the wedding in the church: the sacred as the "wedding march" into the red carpet, Jiao Mei's father, the bride linked hands Rose walked slowly to the groom, the bride's father, daughter to the groom's hand on hand, her daughter's life will be entrusted to the groom, all eyes followed the couple, filled with well-being in their face. Second, the result of cultural differences wedding in the West because the West in a different religion. China is mainly Buddhist, but the West is mainly Christian. Therefore, the Western wedding is to be held in the church and the priest is Zhuhun Ren. China's traditional customs of the most important part of the Bai Tiandi is, the worship heaven and earth even after the ceremony has become.中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语、饮食文化等差异到思维方式等抽象方面的差异无所不在，下面着重从中西方颜色表达的差异，中西方婚礼文化差异等方面阐述。 一、中西方颜色表达的差异 不同颜色在不同语言中表达的方式并不一样。在中国代表一种意义，在西方又表示一种涵义，甚至对“颜色”的涵义理解恰恰相反。（一）red（红色）无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。日历中，这些日子常用红色字体，因此，red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。红色还指“负债”或“亏损”，因为人们总是用红笔登记负数。于是就有了这些词组：red figure赤字 in the red亏损汉语中常用的带“红”字的词语，翻译成英语，可不一定用“red”例如：红糖brown sugar 红酒red wine （二） yellow黄色在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别比较大。英语中，yellow可以表示“胆小、卑怯、卑鄙”的意思，例如：a yellow dog 可鄙的人，卑鄙的人a yellow livered 胆小鬼汉语中黄色一词有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗、下流猥亵的意思，如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。然而，英语中另一个颜色词blue却常用来表示汉语中这类意思，如blue jokes（下流的玩笑）， blue films（黄色电影）等。 二、中西方婚礼文化差异 首先，中西方婚礼文化差异首先和中西方人在思维方面的差异有关：中国人比较保守，喜欢热闹，思维较古板，所以在中国历史几千年的时间里整个婚礼的习俗并没有多大的变化。而西方人的思想则比较开放，对于婚礼的要求也比较低，他们婚礼的高潮则是在教堂中：随着神圣的《婚礼进行曲》步入鲜红的地毯，娇美的新娘挽着父亲手捧玫瑰慢慢向新郎走去，新娘的父亲将女儿的手放在新郎的手上，将女儿的一生托付给新郎，所有人的目光注视着这对新人，幸福洋溢在他们的脸上。其次，造成中西方婚礼文化差异的原因是中西方不同的宗教。中国是以佛教为主，而西方则是基督教为主的。所以西方的婚礼是在教堂中举行而主婚人则是神甫。中方的传统婚俗中的最重要环节就是拜天地，拜了天地以后就算是礼成了。

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考，请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。