一只泡芙er
感觉相关的就行吧,这是我今天刚交老师的Solidarity tradeThe current fair trade movement was shaped in Europe in the 1960s. Fair trade during that period was often seen as a political gesture against neo-imperialism: radical student movements began targeting multinational corporations and concerns that traditional business models were fundamentally flawed started to emerge. The slogan at the time, “Trade not Aid”, gained international recognition in 1968 when it was adopted by the UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) to put the emphasis on the establishment of fair trade relations with the developing world. The year 1965 saw the creation of the first Alternative Trading Organization (ATO): that year, British NGO Oxfam launched "Helping-by-Selling", a program which sold imported handicrafts in Oxfam stores in the UK and from mail-order catalogues. In 1969, the first Worldshop opened its doors in the Netherlands. The initiative aimed at bringing the principles of fair trade to the retail sector by selling almost exclusively goods produced under fair trade terms in “underdeveloped regions”. The first shop was run by volunteers and was so successful that dozens of similar shops soon went into business in the Benelux countries, Germany, and in other Western European the 1960s and 1970s, important segments of the fair trade movement worked to find markets for products from countries that were excluded from the mainstream trading channels for political reasons. Thousands of volunteers sold coffee from Angola and Nicaragua in Worldshops, in the back of churches, from their homes, and from stands in public places, using the products as a vehicle to deliver their message: give disadvantaged producers in developing countries a fair chance on the world’s market, and support their self-determined sustainable development. The alternative trade movement blossomed, if not in sales, then at least in terms of dozens of ATOs being established on both sides of the Atlantic, of scores of Worldshops being set up, and of well-organized actions and campaigns attacking exploitation and foreign domination, and promoting the ideals of Nelson Mandela, Julius Nyerere, and the Nicaraguan Sandinistas: the right to independence and self-determination, to equitable access to the world’s markets and consumers. 团结贸易现今公平贸易运动形塑于1960年代的欧洲,公平贸易于这时期通常被视为一种反抗新帝国主义的政治姿态,基进的学生运动开始关注跨国公司,并出现了一种认为传统商业模式基本上是有缺陷的共识,那时的口号“贸易,而非援助”(Trade not Aid),被1968年所召开的联合国贸易及发展会议(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,简称UNCTAD)所采用,并得到国际认同,会议中强调与发展中世界建立公平的贸易关系。1965年诞生了第一个另类贸易组织(Alternative Trading Organization,简称ATD):那年,英国的非政府组织乐施会(Oxfam)发起了”以销售来帮忙”(Helping-by-Selling)的活动,一个以邮购及在乐施会商店销售进口手工艺品的计划。1969年,第一个“世界商店”在荷兰开张,这个开创性的构想,是以销售符合公平贸易规则的“发展中区域”的产品,将公平贸易的法则带入零售部门,第一个商店由志工营运,非常成功,之后数十个类似的商店开始在比利时、荷兰、卢森堡及德国等其他西欧国家开始营业。在1960和1970年代,公平贸易运动里很重要的部份是,为那些因为政治因素而被排斥于主流贸易管道的国家,协助他们的产品寻找市场。数千名志工在教会后面和世界商店销售来自安哥拉及尼加拉瓜的咖啡豆,以这些产品从家里和公共场所的摊位传达一个讯息:给那些来自发展中国家的弱势生产者一个公平的机会,就是支持他们自主的永续发展。另类贸易活动的盛行,若不从贸易量来说,至少以在数量上,有数十个另类贸易组织(ATO)在大西洋两岸成立,同时随着世界商店的扩张,有许多计划性的行动与专案,抨击国际间的剥削与支配的现象,宣扬著曼德拉、朱利叶斯•尼雷尔及尼加拉瓜桑定政权的理念:自主及独立的权利,与接触全球市场及消费者的公平管道。
北冰洋的海豚
学术堂整理了十五个服装论文的参考文献供大家参考:[1]张文明. 服饰是民族文化的重要载体[N]. 云南政协报,2020-08-26(006).[2]孟庆.关于人物摄影与服装造型的关系探讨[J].轻纺工业与技术,2020,49(08):44-45.[3]李雯.白裤瑶设计元素在服装设计中的运用探究[J].轻纺工业与技术,2020,49(08):193-194.[4]杨韶斐.探析民族服装设计中蕴含的文化性和审美性[J].西部皮革,2020,42(15):50.[5]吴国华.湖南民族服装产业网络定制营销的现状分析与对策[J].轻纺工业与技术,2020,49(07):73-74.[6]王丽霞.民族服装的传承与创新--评《创意服装设计学》[J].印染助剂,2020,37(06):67.[7]吴国华.湖南民族服装规模个性定制营销模式研究[J].商场现代化,2020(11):13-15.[8]新华.民族服装业中的销售问题初探--以呼和浩特蒙古族服装业为例[J].全国流通经济,2020(15):28-29.[9]郑天琪.西南少数民族服装配饰功能与内涵研究[J].美与时代(上),2020(05):120-121.[10]张君浪.中国民族服装品牌发展的国际化探索[J].国际纺织导报,2020,48(04):55-59.[11]新华.民族服装加工业经营的调查研究--以巴林右旗为例[J].商场现代化,2020(06):16-17.[12]陈欢,卢菁菁.西南少数民族服饰纹样文化探析[J].智库时代,2020(09):275-276.[13]王俊伟.闽南服装文化在展示空间设计中的应用研究[J].工业设计,2020(02):146-147.[14]陈志军,蔡珍珍.民族服装元素在影视服装设计中的创新研究[J].纺织报告,2020(01):72-73+78.[15]陈莉芳.民族服装元素在影视服装设计中的应用[J].轻合金加工技术,2020,48(01):68.
浅析关于高校服装表演专业教育的思考论文 摘要: 随着中国服装产业的持续发展,模特行业规模空前壮大,目前,国内拥有该专业的高校多至百所。尽管高校的培养方式极具多样
贸易论文参考文献 在学习、工作生活中,许多人都有过写论文的经历,对论文都不陌生吧,论文是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的论文呢?下面是
目前我国服装行业市场随着全球经济一体化的不断深入,竞争也越来越激烈,市场营销作为服装企业争得市场份额的关键在企业的生存与发展中发挥着极其重要的作用。下文是我为大
通过对一场场国际时装秀的分析,阐述当前服装设计的国际宏观趋势以及产生这些趋势的原因。运动系列、环保系列和高科技面料的运用是人们生活节奏的加快、环保意识的提高以及
学术堂整理了十五个服装论文的参考文献供大家参考:[1]张文明. 服饰是民族文化的重要载体[N]. 云南政协报,2020-08-26(006).[2]孟庆.关于人